In March 2011, the Company adopted its Equity Incentive Plan, or 2011 Plan, to attract and retain the most highly qualified and capable professionals and to promote the success of its business. This Plan is being used to reward certain employees for the success of the Company’s business through an annual award program. The 2011 Plan permits grants of awards relating to class A shares, including awards in the form of shares (also referred to as stock), options, restricted shares, restricted share units, share appreciation rights, performance awards and other share-based awards as will be determined by the Company’s Board of Directors. The maximum number of shares that may be issued under the 2011 Plan is 2.5% of the Company’s total outstanding class A and class B shares immediately following its initial public offering 2011.

The Company made recurring grants of restricted share units in each of the fiscal years from 2011 to 2019. Each restricted share unit represents the right to receive a Class A share when vested. From 2011 to 2018, these recurring annual awards vest as follows: 40% on the second anniversary of the date of grant and 20% on each of the following three anniversaries. The 2019 award vested on May 10, 2020. However, in the event of death, disability or retirement of the employee, any unvested portion of the annual award will be fully vested. The value of restricted shares units is based on the quoted market price of the Company’s class A shares at the grant date.

The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award as if the award was, in substance, multiple awards. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to this award in the amount of $129, $327 and $1,564 during fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense is included within “General and administrative expenses” in the consolidated statements of income (loss).


	Units	Weighted-average grant-date fair value
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	937,839	7.50





Partial vesting of 2015 grant	(101,928)	6.33
Partial vesting of 2016 grant	(114,045)	4.70
Partial vesting of 2017 grant	(67,606)	9.20
Partial vesting of 2018 grant	(163,695)	8.50

Vesting of 2019 grant	(35,000)	8.00
Forfeitures	(4,367)	7.75
Outstanding at December 31, 2020	451,198	7.80






Partial vesting of 2016 grants	(110,213)	4.70
Partial vesting of 2017 grants	(62,742)	9.20
Partial vesting of 2018 grants	(79,673)	8.50


Forfeitures	(11,774)	8.69
Outstanding at December 31, 2021	186,796	8.70







Partial vesting of 2017 grants	(51,613)	9.20
Partial vesting of 2018 grants	(64,895)	8.50


Forfeitures	(8,522)	8.62
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	61,766	8.50
Exercisable at December 31, 2022	—	—

The total fair value of restricted share units vested during 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $1,026, $1,773 and $3,475, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 the Company issued 116,223 Class A shares. Therefore, accumulated recorded compensation expense totaling $1,024 was reclassified from “Additional paid-in capital” to “Common Stock” upon issuance. As of December 31, 2022, there were 7,885 Class A shares, amounting to $58 pending of issuance in connection with previous partial vesting.


Number of units outstanding (i)	61,766
Weighted-average grant-date fair market value per unit	8.50
Total grant-date fair value	525
Weighted-average accumulated percentage of service	92.90	%
Stock-based compensation recognized in Additional paid-in capital	488
Compensation expense not yet recognized (ii)	37

In May 2019, the Company implemented a new long-term incentive plan (called Phantom RSU Award) to reward employees giving them the opportunity to share the success of the Company in the creation of value for its shareholders. In accordance with this plan, the Company granted units (called “Phantom RSU”) to certain employees, pursuant to which they are entitled to receive, when vested, a cash payment equal to the closing price of one Class A share on the respective day in which this benefit is due and the corresponding dividends per-share (if any) formally declared and paid during the service period. However, in the event of death, disability or retirement of the employee, any unvested portion of the annual award will be fully vested.

During 2019, the Company granted awards with different vesting periods: 465,202 units which vest over a requisite service period of five years as follows: 40% at the second anniversary of the date of grant and 20% at each of the following three years and 1,207,455 units which vest 100% at the fifth anniversary from the date of grant.

During 2021, the Company granted awards with different vesting periods: 874,294 units which vest 100% at the third anniversary from the grant date; and 44,093 units that vested 100% at April 2022.

During 2022, the Company granted awards with different vesting periods: 866,481 units which vest 100% at the third anniversary from the grant date; and 41,055 units which vest 100% at April 2023.

The Company recognizes compensation expense related to these benefits on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. As a consequence, when the award includes multiple vesting periods, it is considered as multiple awards.

The total compensation expense as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, amounts to $7,448, $3,452 and $1,232 respectively, which has been recorded under “General and administrative expenses” within the consolidated statement of income (loss). The accrued liability is remeasured at the end of each reporting period until settlement.


	Units	Settlement
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	1,661,820	$	—
Grant 2020	65,440	—
Partial vesting of 2019 grant (i)	(5,162)	18
Forfeited	(31,614)	—
Outstanding at December 31, 2020	1,690,484	—
Grant 2021	918,387	—
Partial vesting of 2019 Grant (ii)	(173,916)	1,104
Vesting of 2020 grant (iii)	(65,440)	416
Forfeitures	(329,027)	—
Outstanding at December 31, 2021	2,040,488	—
Grant 2022	907,536	—
Partial vesting of 2019 grant (iv)	(63,257)	431
Vesting of 2021 grant (v)	(44,093)	320
Forfeitures	(128,919)	—
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	2,711,755	—


	Total Non-vested (i)
Number of units outstanding (i)	2,711,755
Current share price	8.36
Total fair value of the plan	22,670
Weighted-average accumulated percentage of service	52.69	%
Accrued liability (ii)	11,945
Compensation expense not yet recognized (iii)	10,725

The Company recognized $966, $75 and $(244) of related income tax benefit/(expense) for the share-based compensation plans during fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.