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Income Taxes | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2019
Income Taxes |
Income Taxes | Note 9 — Income Taxes Income taxes are estimated for each of the jurisdictions in which the Company operates. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, as well as the tax effect of carryforwards. Realization of net deferred tax assets is dependent on future taxable income. At March 31, 2019, the Company’s U.S. deferred tax assets are fully offset by a valuation allowance since the Company cannot conclude that it is more likely than not that these future benefits will be realized. At the end of each interim reporting period, the effective tax rate is aligned with expectations for the full year. This estimate is used to determine the income tax provision on a year-to-date basis and may change in subsequent interim periods. If necessary, the year-to-date tax benefit for interim period losses is limited to the amount that could be recognizable at the end of the fiscal year. Loss before income taxes and income tax expense (benefit) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
|  | Three months ended March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Loss before income taxes |  | $ | (18,340) |  | $ | (16,057) |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | $ | 190 |  | $ | (230) |
The Company’s tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $0.2 million, compared to a tax benefit of $0.2 million for the comparable prior period. The 2019 tax expense included an expense of $0.1 million related to the Company’s domestic operations, and $0.1 million related to the Company’s non-U.S. operations, compared to 2018 when the benefit included an expense of $0.1 million related to the Company’s domestic operations, and a $0.3 million tax benefit related to the Company’s non-U.S. operations. Although there was a domestic pre-tax loss for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not provide a current tax benefit on domestic pre-tax losses, as the amounts are not realizable on a more-likely-than-not basis. The domestic tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 is primarily attributable to the tax amortization of indefinite-lived intangible assets that is not available to offset U.S. deferred tax assets. The non-US tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is primarily attributable to tax expense on non-U.S operation profits and foreign withholding taxes on unremitted earnings as of March 31, 2019, offset by the amortization of intangible assets. The non-U.S. tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2018 is primarily attributable to the amortization of intangible assets, offset by tax expense on non-U.S operation profits incurred during the period, as well as foreign withholding taxes on unremitted earnings as of March 31, 2018.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 + Details
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