10-Q 1 veco-20190331x10q.htm 10-Q

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019

OR

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number 0-16244

VEECO INSTRUMENTS INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware |  | 11-2989601
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
Terminal Drive Plainview, New York |  | 11803
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

(516) 677-0200

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒ |  |  |  | Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐ |  |  |  | Smaller reporting company ☐
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share | VECO | The NASDAQ Global Select Market

As of April 25, 2019, there were 48,675,196 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

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VEECO INSTRUMENTS INC.

INDEX

Safe Harbor Statement | 1
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 4
Item 1. Financial Statements | 4
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 25
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 29
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 30
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION | 30
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 30
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 31
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 31
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 31
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | 31
Item 5. Other Information | 31
Item 6. Exhibits | 32
SIGNATURES | 33

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Safe Harbor Statement

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q (the “Report”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Discussions containing such forward-looking statements may be found in Part I - Items 1, 2, and 3 hereof, as well as within this Report generally. In addition, when used in this Report, the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “estimates,” “targets,” “plans,” “intends,” “will,” and similar expressions related to the future are intended to identify forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from projected results.

In addition, the preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Although these estimates and assumptions are based on knowledge of current events and planned actions to be undertaken in the future, they may ultimately differ from actual results. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019. All estimates and assumptions are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from these estimates and assumptions.

The risks and uncertainties of Veeco Instruments Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, “Veeco,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our,” unless the context indicates otherwise) include, without limitation, the following:

| · |  | Unfavorable market conditions have adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, our operating results;

| · |  | We are exposed to the risks of operating a global business;

| · |  | International trade disputes could result in increases in tariffs and other trade restrictions and protectionist measures that could negatively impact our operations;

| · |  | Disruptions in our information technology systems or data security incidents could result in significant financial, legal, regulatory, business, and reputational harm to us;



| · |  | We may be unable to effectively enforce and protect our intellectual property rights;

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| · |  | We may be subject to claims of intellectual property infringement by others;

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| · |  | The price of our common shares is volatile, has declined significantly, and could further decline;

| · |  | We may be required to take additional impairment charges on assets;



| · |  | We face significant competition;



| · |  | We operate in industries characterized by rapid technological change;



| · |  | Our sales to manufacturers are highly dependent on sales of consumer electronics applications, which can experience significant volatility due to seasonal and other factors;



| · |  | We have a concentrated customer base, located primarily in a limited number of regions, which operate in highly concentrated industries;



| · |  | The cyclicality of the industries we serve directly affects our business;

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| · |  | The timing of our orders, shipments, and revenue recognition may cause our quarterly operating results to fluctuate significantly;



| · |  | Our sales cycle is long and unpredictable;

| · |  | Our backlog is subject to customer cancellation or modification which could result in decreased sales, increased inventory obsolescence, and liabilities to our suppliers for products no longer needed;

| · |  | We may be unable to obtain required export licenses for the sale of our products;



| · |  | Our operating results may be adversely affected by tightening credit markets;



| · |  | Our failure to estimate customer demand accurately could result in inventory obsolescence, liabilities to our suppliers for products no longer needed, and manufacturing interruptions or delays which could affect our ability to meet customer demand;



| · |  | Our failure to successfully manage our outsourcing activities or failure of our outsourcing partners to perform as anticipated could adversely affect our results of operations;

| · |  | We rely on a limited number of suppliers, some of whom are our sole source for particular components;



| · |  | Our inability to attract, retain, and motivate employees could have a material adverse effect on our business;



| · |  | We are exposed to risks associated with business combinations, acquisitions, and strategic investments;



| · |  | We are subject to internal control evaluations and attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and any delays or difficulties in satisfying these requirements or negative reports concerning our internal controls could adversely affect our future results of operations and our stock price;



| · |  | Changes in accounting pronouncements or taxation rules or practices may adversely affect our financial results;



| · |  | Our income taxes may change;



| · |  | We have indebtedness in the form of convertible senior notes which could adversely affect our financial position, prevent us from implementing our strategy, and dilute the ownership interest of our existing shareholders;



| · |  | The accounting method for convertible debt securities that may be settled in cash, such as the Convertible Senior Notes, could have a material effect on our reported financial results;



| · |  | We are subject to foreign currency exchange risks;



| · |  | Our previously announced share repurchase program could affect the price of our common stock and increase volatility and may be suspended or terminated at any time, which may result in a decrease in the trading price of our common stock;



| · |  | We have adopted certain measures that may have anti-takeover effects which may make an acquisition of our Company by another company more difficult;

| · |  | We are exposed to various risks associated with global regulatory requirements;

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| · |  | We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other similar laws;



| · |  | We are subject to risks of non-compliance with environmental, health, and safety regulations; and



| · |  | We have significant operations in locations which could be materially and adversely impacted in the event of a natural disaster, an act of terrorism, or other significant disruption.

Consequently, such forward looking statements and estimates should be regarded solely as the current plans and beliefs of Veeco. We do not undertake any obligation to update any forward looking statements to reflect future events or circumstances after the date of such statements.

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share amounts)

(unaudited)

|  | March 31, |  | December 31,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 169,439 |  | $ | 212,273
Restricted cash |  |  | 804 |  |  | 809
Short-term investments |  |  | 67,215 |  |  | 48,189
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 74,860 |  |  | 66,808
Contract assets |  |  | 10,479 |  |  | 10,397
Inventories |  |  | 148,103 |  |  | 156,311
Deferred cost of sales |  |  | 2,921 |  |  | 3,072
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 24,943 |  |  | 22,221
Total current assets |  |  | 498,764 |  |  | 520,080
Property, plant, and equipment, net |  |  | 77,737 |  |  | 80,284
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 12,874 |  |  | —
Intangible assets, net |  |  | 80,931 |  |  | 85,149
Goodwill |  |  | 184,302 |  |  | 184,302
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 1,869 |  |  | 1,869
Other assets |  |  | 29,117 |  |  | 29,132
Total assets |  | $ | 885,594 |  | $ | 900,816
Liabilities and stockholders' equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 36,315 |  | $ | 39,611
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | 44,040 |  |  | 46,450
Customer deposits and deferred revenue |  |  | 68,881 |  |  | 72,736
Income taxes payable |  |  | 792 |  |  | 1,256
Total current liabilities |  |  | 150,028 |  |  | 160,053
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 5,675 |  |  | 5,690
Long-term debt |  |  | 290,473 |  |  | 287,392
Operating lease long-term liabilities |  |  | 8,382 |  |  | —
Other liabilities |  |  | 9,238 |  |  | 9,906
Total liabilities |  |  | 463,796 |  |  | 463,041
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 500,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding. |  |  | — |  |  | —
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 120,000,000 shares authorized; 48,675,196 and 48,547,417 shares issued at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively; 48,675,196 and 48,024,685 shares outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. |  |  | 487 |  |  | 485
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 1,058,179 |  |  | 1,061,325
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (638,726) |  |  | (619,983)
Accumulated other comprehensive income |  |  | 1,858 |  |  | 1,820
Treasury stock, at cost, 522,732 shares at December 31, 2018. |  |  | — |  |  | (5,872)
Total stockholders' equity |  |  | 421,798 |  |  | 437,775
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 885,594 |  | $ | 900,816

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(unaudited)

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Net sales |  | $ | 99,371 |  | $ | 158,574 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 64,655 |  |  | 101,894 |
Gross profit |  |  | 34,716 |  |  | 56,680 |
Operating expenses, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  | 23,340 |  |  | 24,320 |
Selling, general, and administrative |  |  | 19,902 |  |  | 26,383 |
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | 4,218 |  |  | 13,532 |
Restructuring |  |  | 1,430 |  |  | 2,695 |
Acquisition costs |  |  | — |  |  | 1,342 |
Other, net |  |  | (34) |  |  | (157) |
Total operating expenses, net |  |  | 48,856 |  |  | 68,115 |
Operating income (loss) |  |  | (14,140) |  |  | (11,435) |
Interest income |  |  | 1,245 |  |  | 624 |
Interest expense |  |  | (5,445) |  |  | (5,246) |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  | (18,340) |  |  | (16,057) |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  |  | 190 |  |  | (230) |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (18,530) |  | $ | (15,827) |
Income (loss) per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | (0.40) |  | $ | (0.34) |
Diluted |  | $ | (0.40) |  | $ | (0.34) |
Weighted average number of shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 46,848 |  |  | 46,963 |
Diluted |  |  | 46,848 |  |  | 46,963 |

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (18,530) |  | $ | (15,827) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities |  |  | 27 |  |  | (8) |
Foreign currency translation |  |  | 11 |  |  | 32 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  | 38 |  |  | 24 |
Total comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | (18,492) |  | $ | (15,803) |

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Cash Flows from Operating Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (18,530) |  | $ | (15,827) |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 8,796 |  |  | 17,726 |
Non-cash interest expense |  |  | 3,081 |  |  | 2,859 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | (15) |  |  | (269) |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  | 3,157 |  |  | 4,537 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable and contract assets |  |  | (8,134) |  |  | (11,177) |
Inventories and deferred cost of sales |  |  | 8,489 |  |  | 4,555 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | (2,457) |  |  | 3,824 |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  |  | (12,260) |  |  | 2,009 |
Customer deposits and deferred revenue |  |  | (3,855) |  |  | (17,559) |
Income taxes receivable and payable, net |  |  | (463) |  |  | (2,283) |
Other, net |  |  | (100) |  |  | (202) |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  |  | (22,291) |  |  | (11,807) |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  |  | (2,180) |  |  | (2,259) |
Proceeds from the sale of investments |  |  | 22,500 |  |  | 34,000 |
Payments for purchases of investments |  |  | (41,258) |  |  | (54,300) |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  |  | (20,938) |  |  | (22,559) |
Cash Flows from Financing Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash withholdings for employee stock purchase plan |  |  | 1,021 |  |  | 1,136 |
Restricted stock tax withholdings |  |  | (642) |  |  | (427) |
Purchases of common stock |  |  | — |  |  | (592) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  |  | 379 |  |  | 117 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 11 |  |  | 32 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash |  |  | (42,839) |  |  | (34,217) |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - beginning of period |  |  | 213,082 |  |  | 280,583 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - end of period |  | $ | 170,243 |  | $ | 246,366 |
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid |  | $ | 4,693 |  | $ | 4,674 |
Income taxes paid |  |  | 2,341 |  |  | 2,373 |
Non-cash operating and financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net transfer of property, plant and equipment to inventory |  |  | 130 |  |  | 339 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations |  |  | 238 |  |  | — |

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Note 1 — Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements of Veeco have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP as defined in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification 270 for interim financial information and with the instructions to Rule 10-01 of Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements as the interim information is an update of the information that was presented in Veeco’s most recent annual financial statements. For further information, refer to Veeco’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (“2018 Form 10-K”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. All such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature.

Veeco reports interim quarters on a 13-week basis ending on the last Sunday of each quarter. The fourth quarter always ends on the last day of the calendar year, December 31. The 2019 interim quarters end on March 31, June 30, and September 29, and the 2018 interim quarters ended on April 1, July 1, and September 30. These interim quarters are reported as March 31, June 30, and September 30 in Veeco’s interim consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of control of the promised product or service to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for such product or service. The Company’s contracts with customers generally do not contain variable consideration. In the rare instances where variable consideration is included, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration and determines what portion of that, if any, has a high probability of significant subsequent revenue reversal, and if so, that amount is excluded from the transaction price. The Company’s contracts with customers frequently contain multiple deliverables, such as systems, upgrades, components, spare parts, installation, maintenance, and service plans. Judgment is required to properly identify the performance obligations within a contract and to determine how the revenue should be allocated among the performance obligations. The Company also evaluates whether multiple transactions with the same customer or related parties should be considered part of a single contract based on an assessment of whether the contracts or agreements are negotiated or executed within a short time frame of each other or if there are indicators that the contracts are negotiated in contemplation of one another.

When there are separate units of accounting, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. The stand-alone selling prices are determined based on the prices at which the Company separately sells the systems, upgrades, components, spare parts, installation, maintenance, and service plans. For items that are not sold separately, the Company estimates stand-alone selling prices generally using an expected cost plus margin approach.

Most of the Company’s revenue is recognized at a point in time when the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company considers many facts when evaluating each of its sales arrangements to determine the timing of revenue recognition, including its contractual obligations and the nature of the customer’s post-delivery acceptance provisions. The Company’s system sales arrangements, including certain upgrades, generally include field acceptance provisions that may include functional or mechanical test procedures. For many of these arrangements, a customer source inspection of the system is performed in the Company’s facility, test data is sent to the customer documenting that the system is functioning to the agreed upon specifications prior to delivery, or other quality assurance testing is performed internally to ensure system functionality prior to shipment. Historically, such source inspection or test data replicates the field acceptance provisions that are performed at the customer’s site prior to final acceptance of the system. When the Company objectively demonstrates that the criteria specified in the contractual acceptance provisions are achieved prior to delivery either through customer testing or the Company’s historical experience of its tools meeting specifications, transfer of control of the product to the customer is considered to have occurred and revenue is recognized upon system

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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued

(unaudited)

delivery since there is no substantive contingency remaining related to the acceptance provisions at that date. For new products, new applications of existing products, or for products with substantive customer acceptance provisions where the Company cannot objectively demonstrate that the criteria specified in the contractual acceptance provisions have been achieved prior to delivery, revenue and the associated costs are deferred. The Company recognizes such revenue and costs upon obtaining objective evidence that the acceptance provisions can be achieved, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

In certain cases the Company’s contracts with customers contain a billing retention, typically 10% of the sales price, which is billed by the Company and payable by the customer when field acceptance provisions are completed. Revenue recognized in advance of the amount that has been billed is recorded as a contract asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company recognizes revenue related to maintenance and service contracts over time based upon the respective contract term. Installation revenue is recognized over time as the installation services are performed. The Company recognizes revenue from the sales of components, spare parts, and specified service engagements at a point in time, which is typically consistent with the time of delivery in accordance with the terms of the applicable sales arrangement.

The Company may receive customer deposits on system transactions. The timing of the transfer of goods or services related to the deposits is either at the discretion of the customer or expected to be within one year from the deposit receipt. As such, the Company does not adjust transaction prices for the time value of money. Incremental direct costs incurred related to the acquisition of a customer contract, such as sales commissions, are expensed as incurred since the expected amortization period is one year or less.

The Company has elected to treat shipping and handling costs as a fulfillment activity, and the Company includes such costs in cost of services when the Company recognizes revenue for the related goods. Taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are collected by the Company from a customer are excluded from revenue.

Leases

At contract inception, the Company determines if an arrangement is a lease, or contains a lease, of an identified asset for which the Company has the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from its use and the right to direct its use. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, while lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The implicit discount rate in the Company’s leases generally cannot readily be determined, and therefore the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on information available at lease commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The Company has options to renew or terminate certain leases. These options are included in the determination of lease term when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such options. The Company does not separate lease and non-lease components in determining ROU assets or lease liabilities for real estate leases. Additionally, the Company does not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities for leases with original terms or renewals of one year or less.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02: Leases, which, along with subsequent ASUs related to this topic, has been codified as Accounting Standards Codification 842 (“ASC 842”). ASC 842 generally requires operating lessee rights and obligations to be recognized as assets and liabilities on the balance sheet. The new standard, which the Company adopted effective January 1, 2019, offers a transition option whereby companies can recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption rather than in the earliest period presented. The Company has adopted using this transition method, and therefore prior period balances have not been

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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued

(unaudited)

adjusted. In addition, ASC 842 provides for a number of optional exemptions in transition. The Company has elected certain exemptions whereby prior conclusions regarding lease identification, lease classification, and initial direct costs were not reassessed under the new standard. The adoption of the standard impacted the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets through the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities of approximately $14.2 million each as of January 1, 2019, but did not have an impact on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, Statements of Comprehensive Income, or Statements of Cash Flows.

Note 2 — Income (Loss) Per Common Share

Basic income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares used to calculate basic income (loss) per share plus the weighted average number of common share equivalents outstanding during the period. The dilutive effect of outstanding options to purchase common stock and share-based awards is considered in diluted income per share by application of the treasury stock method. The dilutive effect of performance share units is included in diluted income per common share in the periods the performance targets have been achieved. The computations of basic and diluted income (loss) per share for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

|  | Three months ended March 31, |  |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
|  | (in thousands, except per share amounts) |  |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (18,530) |  | $ | (15,827) |  |
Net income (loss) per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | (0.40) |  | $ | (0.34) |  |
Diluted |  | $ | (0.40) |  | $ | (0.34) |  |
Basic weighted average shares outstanding |  |  | 46,848 |  |  | 46,963 |  |
Effect of potentially dilutive share-based awards |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding |  |  | 46,848 |  |  | 46,963 |  |
Common share equivalents excluded from the diluted weighted average shares outstanding since Veeco incurred a net loss and their effect would be antidilutive |  |  | 320 |  |  | 169 |  |
Potentially dilutive shares excluded from the diluted calculation as their effect would be antidilutive |  |  | 2,426 |  |  | 2,092 |  |
Maximum potential shares to be issued for settlement of the Convertible Senior Notes excluded from the diluted calculation as their effect would be antidilutive |  |  | 8,618 |  |  | 8,618 |  |

Note 3 — Assets

Investments

Short-term investments are generally classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, presented as a separate component of stockholders’ equity under the caption “Accumulated other comprehensive income” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These securities may include U.S. treasuries, government agency securities, corporate debt, and commercial paper, all with maturities of greater than three months when purchased. All realized gains and losses and unrealized losses resulting from declines in fair value that are other than temporary are included in “Other, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued

(unaudited)

Fair value is the price that would be received for an asset or the amount paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Veeco classifies certain assets based on the following fair value hierarchy:

Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets that are unadjusted and accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;

Level 2: Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or financial instruments for which significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3: Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Veeco has evaluated the estimated fair value of financial instruments using available market information and valuations as provided by third-party sources. The use of different market assumptions or estimation methodologies could have a significant effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

The following table presents the portion of Veeco’s assets that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

|  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
|  | (in thousands)
March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificate of deposits and time deposits |  | $ | 66,863 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 66,863
U.S. treasuries |  |  | 19,917 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,917
Commercial paper |  |  | — |  |  | 11,257 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,257
Total |  | $ | 86,780 |  | $ | 11,257 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 98,037
Short-term investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. treasuries |  | $ | 51,726 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 51,726
Government agency securities |  |  | — |  |  | 4,964 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,964
Corporate debt |  |  | — |  |  | 1,999 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,999
Commercial paper |  |  | — |  |  | 8,526 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,526
Total |  | $ | 51,726 |  | $ | 15,489 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 67,215
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificate of deposits and time deposits |  | $ | 65,571 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 65,571
U.S. treasuries |  |  | 3,990 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,990
Total |  | $ | 69,561 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 69,561
Short-term investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. treasuries |  | $ | 37,184 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 37,184
Corporate debt |  |  | — |  |  | 8,516 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,516
Commercial paper |  |  | — |  |  | 2,489 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,489
Total |  | $ | 37,184 |  | $ | 11,005 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 48,189

There were no transfers between fair value measurement levels during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued

(unaudited)

At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities consist of:

|  |  |  |  | Gross |  | Gross |  |
|  | Amortized |  | Unrealized |  | Unrealized |  | Estimated
|  | Cost |  | Gains |  | Losses |  | Fair Value
|  | (in thousands)
March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. treasuries |  | $ | 51,715 |  | $ | 11 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 51,726
Government agency securities |  |  | 4,964 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,964
Corporate debt |  |  | 1,999 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,999
Commercial paper |  |  | 8,526 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,526
Total |  | $ | 67,204 |  | $ | 11 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 67,215
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. treasuries |  | $ | 37,191 |  | $ | — |  | $ | (7) |  | $ | 37,184
Corporate debt |  |  | 8,525 |  |  | — |  |  | (9) |  |  | 8,516
Commercial paper |  |  | 2,489 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,489
Total |  | $ | 48,205 |  | $ | — |  | $ | (16) |  | $ | 48,189

There were no available-for-sale securities in a loss position at March 31, 2019. Available-for-sale securities in a loss position at December 31, 2018 consist of:

|  | December 31, 2018
|  |  |  | Gross
|  | Estimated |  | Unrealized
|  | Fair Value |  | Losses
|  | (in thousands)
U.S. treasuries |  | $ | 37,184 |  | $ | (7)
Corporate debt |  |  | 8,516 |  |  | (9)
Total |  | $ | 45,700 |  | $ | (16)

At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were no short-term investments that had been in a continuous loss position for more than 12 months.

The maturities of securities classified as available-for-sale at March 31, 2019 were all due in one year or less. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. There were no realized gains or losses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable is presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of $0.2 million and $0.3 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued

(unaudited)

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventories at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consist of the following:

|  | March 31, |  | December 31,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
|  | (in thousands)
Materials |  | $ | 84,711 |  | $ | 90,816
Work-in-process |  |  | 36,299 |  |  | 42,354
Finished goods |  |  | 27,093 |  |  | 23,141
Total |  | $ | 148,103 |  | $ | 156,311

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets primarily consist of supplier deposits, prepaid value-added tax, lease deposits, prepaid insurance, and prepaid licenses. Veeco had deposits with its suppliers of $15.1 million and $12.8 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consist of the following:

|  | March 31, |  | December 31,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
|  | (in thousands)
Land |  | $ | 5,669 |  | $ | 5,669
Building and improvements |  |  | 61,286 |  |  | 61,124
Machinery and equipment (1) |  |  | 129,864 |  |  | 128,385
Leasehold improvements |  |  | 7,041 |  |  | 9,033
Gross property, plant, and equipment |  |  | 203,860 |  |  | 204,211
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization |  |  | 126,123 |  |  | 123,927
Net property, plant, and equipment |  | $ | 77,737 |  | $ | 80,284

| (1) |  | Machinery and equipment also includes software, furniture and fixtures

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, depreciation expense was $4.6 million and $4.2 million, respectively.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the future economic benefits arising from assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized. There were no changes to goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of purchased technology, customer relationships, patents, trademarks and tradenames, and backlog, and are initially recorded at fair value. Long-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives in a method reflecting the pattern in which the economic benefits are consumed or amortized on a straight-line basis if such pattern cannot be reliably determined.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued

(unaudited)

The components of purchased intangible assets were as follows:

|  | March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
|  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |
|  | Gross |  | Amortization |  |  |  | Gross |  | Amortization |  |
|  | Carrying |  | and |  | Net |  | Carrying |  | and |  | Net
|  | Amount |  | Impairment |  | Amount |  | Amount |  | Impairment |  | Amount
|  | (in thousands)
Technology |  | $ | 337,218 |  | $ | 293,528 |  | $ | 43,690 |  | $ | 337,218 |  | $ | 290,808 |  | $ | 46,410
Customer relationships |  |  | 164,595 |  |  | 137,257 |  |  | 27,338 |  |  | 164,595 |  |  | 136,126 |  |  | 28,469
In-process R&D |  |  | 13,710 |  |  | 10,530 |  |  | 3,180 |  |  | 13,710 |  |  | 10,530 |  |  | 3,180
Trademarks and tradenames |  |  | 30,910 |  |  | 24,239 |  |  | 6,671 |  |  | 30,910 |  |  | 23,899 |  |  | 7,011
Other |  |  | 3,686 |  |  | 3,634 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 3,686 |  |  | 3,607 |  |  | 79
Total |  | $ | 550,119 |  | $ | 469,188 |  | $ | 80,931 |  | $ | 550,119 |  | $ | 464,970 |  | $ | 85,149

Other intangible assets primarily consist of patents, licenses, and backlog.

Other Assets

The Company has a non-marketable investment in Kateeva, Inc. (“Kateeva”), with a carrying value of $21.0 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Additionally, the Company has a non-marketable investment in a separate entity, with a carrying value of $3.5 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The Company does not exert significant influence over these investments, and its ownership interest is less than 20%. Neither equity investment has a readily observable market price, and therefore the Company has elected to measure these investments at cost, adjusted for changes in observable market prices minus impairment. The investments are included in “Other assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. There were no changes in observable market prices for either investment for the three months ended March 31, 2019. These investments are subject to periodic impairment reviews; as there are no open-market valuations, the impairment analyses require judgment. The analyses include assessments of the companies’ financial condition, the business outlooks for their products and technologies, their projected results and cash flow, business valuation indications from recent rounds of financing, the likelihood of obtaining subsequent rounds of financing, and the impact of equity preferences held by Veeco relative to other investors.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued

(unaudited)

Note 4 — Liabilities

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

The components of accrued expenses and other current liabilities at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consist of:

|  | March 31, |  | December 31,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
|  | (in thousands)
Payroll and related benefits |  | $ | 17,722 |  | $ | 20,486
Warranty |  |  | 7,226 |  |  | 7,852
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 4,797 |  |  | —
Interest |  |  | 1,992 |  |  | 4,321
Professional fees |  |  | 3,059 |  |  | 2,897
Sales, use, and other taxes |  |  | 1,256 |  |  | 2,670
Restructuring liability |  |  | 1,720 |  |  | 2,213
Other |  |  | 6,268 |  |  | 6,011
Total |  | $ | 44,040 |  | $ | 46,450

Warranty

Warranties are typically valid for one year from the date of system final acceptance, and Veeco estimates the costs that may be incurred under the warranty. Estimated warranty costs are determined by analyzing specific product and historical configuration statistics and regional warranty support costs and are affected by product failure rates, material usage, and labor costs incurred in correcting product failures during the warranty period. Unforeseen component failures or exceptional component performance can also result in changes to warranty costs. Changes in product warranty reserves for the three months ended March 31, 2019 include:

|  | (in thousands)
Balance - December 31, 2018 |  | $ | 7,852
Warranties issued |  |  | 1,427
Consumption of reserves |  |  | (1,978)
Changes in estimate |  |  | (75)
Balance - March 31, 2019 |  | $ | 7,226

Restructuring Accruals

During the second quarter of 2018, the Company initiated plans to further reduce excess capacity associated with the manufacture and support of the Company's advanced packaging lithography and 3D wafer inspection systems by consolidating these operations into its San Jose, California facility. As a result of this and other cost saving initiatives, the Company announced headcount reductions of approximately 40 employees. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, additional accruals were recognized and payments were made related to these restructuring initiatives.

The Company continued to record restructuring charges in the first quarter of 2019 in an effort to streamline operations, enhance efficiencies, and reduce costs.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued

(unaudited)

|  | Personnel |  | Facility |  |  |
|  | Severance and |  | Related Costs |  |  |
|  | Related Costs |  | and Other |  | Total
|  | (in thousands)
Balance - December 31, 2018 |  | $ | 2,143 |  | $ | 70 |  | $ | 2,213
Provision |  |  | 1,320 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 1,430
Payments |  |  | (1,743) |  |  | (180) |  |  | (1,923)
Balance - March 31, 2019 |  | $ | 1,720 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,720

Customer Deposits and Deferred Revenue

Customer deposits totaled $26.6 million and $28.3 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Deferred revenue represents amounts billed, other than deposits, in excess of the revenue that can be recognized on a particular contract at the balance sheet date. Changes in deferred revenue were as follows:

|  | (in thousands)
Balance - December 31, 2018 |  | $ | 44,415
Deferral of revenue |  |  | 792
Recognition of previously deferred revenue |  |  | (2,887)
Balance - March 31, 2019 |  | $ | 42,320

As of March 31, 2019, the Company has approximately $68.5 million of remaining performance obligations on contracts with an original estimated duration of one year or more, of which approximately 65% is expected to be recognized within one year, with the remaining amounts expected to be recognized between one to three years. The Company has elected to exclude disclosures regarding remaining performance obligations that have an original expected duration of one year or less.

Convertible Senior Notes

On January 10, 2017, the Company issued $345.0 million of 2.70% convertible senior unsecured notes (the “Convertible Senior Notes”). The Company received net proceeds, after deducting underwriting discounts and fees and expenses payable by the Company, of approximately $335.8 million. The Convertible Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 2.70% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, commencing on July 15, 2017. The Convertible Senior Notes mature on January 15, 2023 (the “Maturity Date”), unless earlier purchased by the Company, redeemed, or converted.

The carrying value of the Convertible Senior Notes is as follows:

|  | March 31, |  | December 31,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
|  | (in thousands)
Principal amount |  | $ | 345,000 |  | $ | 345,000
Unamortized debt discount |  |  | (49,537) |  |  | (52,336)
Unamortized transaction costs |  |  | (4,990) |  |  | (5,272)
Net carrying value |  | $ | 290,473 |  | $ | 287,392

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued

(unaudited)

Total interest expense related to the Convertible Senior Notes is as follows:

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Cash Interest Expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Coupon interest expense |  | $ | 2,329 |  | $ | 2,329 |
Non-Cash Interest Expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of debt discount |  |  | 2,799 |  |  | 2,598 |
Amortization of transaction costs |  |  | 282 |  |  | 261 |
Total Interest Expense |  | $ | 5,410 |  | $ | 5,188 |

The Company determined the Convertible Senior Notes is a Level 2 liability in the fair value hierarchy and estimated its fair value as $295.0 million at March 31, 2019.

Other Liabilities

As part of the acquisition of Ultratech, the Company assumed an executive non-qualified deferred compensation plan that allowed qualifying executives to defer cash compensation. The plan was frozen at the time of acquisition and no further contributions have been made. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, plan assets approximated $3.4 million and $3.2 million, respectively, representing the cash surrender value of life insurance policies and is included within “Other assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, while plan liabilities approximated $2.9 million and $3.5 million, respectively, and is included within “Other liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Other liabilities at both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 also includes asset retirement obligations of $3.2 million, medical and dental benefits of $2.2 million, and income tax payables of $1.0 million.

Note 5 — Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

The Company’s operating leases primarily include real estate leases for properties used for manufacturing, R&D activities, sales and service, and administration, as well as certain equipment leases. Some leases may include options to renew for a period of up to 5 years, while others may include options to terminate the lease. The weighted average remaining lease term of the Company’s operating leases as of March 31, 2019 was 3 years, and the weighted average discount rate used in determining the present value of future lease payments was 6.0%.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued

(unaudited)

Minimum lease commitments at March 31, 2019 for property and equipment under operating lease agreements are payable as follows:

|  | Operating
|  | Leases
|  | (in thousands)
Payments due by period: |  |  |
2019 (excluding three months ended March 31, 2019) |  | $ | 4,144
2020 |  |  | 5,233
2021 |  |  | 2,431
2022 |  |  | 1,334
2023 |  |  | 853
Thereafter |  |  | 548
Total future minimum lease payments |  |  | 14,543
Less: Imputed interest |  |  | (1,364)
Total |  |  | 13,179
Reported as of March 31, 2019 |  |  |
Other current liabilities |  |  | 4,797
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 8,382
Total |  | $ | 13,179

Minimum lease commitments at December 31, 2018 for property and equipment under operating lease agreements were payable as follows:

|  | Operating
|  | Leases
|  | (in thousands)
Payments due by period: |  |
2019 |  | $ | 5,143
2020 |  |  | 5,056
2021 |  |  | 2,432
2022 |  |  | 1,812
2023 |  |  | 1,066
Thereafter |  |  | 548
Total |  | $ | 16,057

Operating lease cost and variable lease cost for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $1.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively. Additionally, the Company has an immaterial amount of short term leases. Lease expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was $1.7 million. Operating cash flows from operating leases for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $1.5 million.

Purchase Commitments

Veeco has purchase commitments of $90.5 million at March 31, 2019, substantially all of which become due within one year.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued

(unaudited)

Bank Guarantees

Veeco has bank guarantees and letters of credit issued by a financial institution on its behalf as needed. At March 31, 2019, outstanding bank guarantees and letters of credit totaled $8.5 million, and unused bank guarantees and letters of credit of $66.1 million were available to be drawn upon.

Legal Proceedings

On June 8, 2018, an Ultratech shareholder who received Veeco stock as part of the consideration for the Ultratech acquisition filed a purported class action complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Santa Clara, captioned Wolther v. Maheshwari et al., Case No. 18CV329690, on behalf of himself and others who purchased or acquired shares of Veeco pursuant to the registration statement and prospectus which Veeco filed with the SEC in connection with the Ultratech acquisition (the “Wolther Action”). On August 2 and August 8, 2018, two purported class action complaints substantially similar to the Wolther Action were filed on behalf of different plaintiffs in the same court as the Wolther Action. These cases have been consolidated with the Wolther Action, and a consolidated complaint was filed on December 11, 2018. The consolidated complaint seeks to recover damages and fees under Sections 11, 12, and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 for, among other things, alleged false/misleading statements in the registration statement and prospectus relating to the Ultratech acquisition, relating primarily to the alleged failure to disclose delays in the advanced packaging business, increased MOCVD competition in China, and an intellectual property dispute. Veeco is defending this matter vigorously.

On December 21, 2018, a purported Veeco stockholder filed a derivative action in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Santa Clara, captioned Vladimir Gusinsky Revocable Trust v. Peeler, et al., Case No. 18CV339925, on behalf of nominal defendant Veeco. The complaint seeks to assert claims for breach of fiduciary duty, waste of corporate assets, and unjust enrichment against current and former Veeco directors premised on purported misstatements and omissions in the registration statement relating to the Ultratech acquisition. The court ordered this action stayed until a future case management conference. Veeco is defending this matter vigorously.

The Company is involved in various other legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. The Company does not believe that the ultimate resolution of these matters will have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Note 6 — Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company is exposed to financial market risks arising from changes in currency exchange rates. Changes in currency exchange rates could affect the Company’s foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities and forecasted cash flows. The Company enters into monthly forward derivative contracts with the intent of mitigating a portion of this risk. The Company only uses derivative financial instruments in the context of hedging and not for speculative purposes and had not designated its foreign exchange derivatives as hedges. Accordingly, changes in fair value from these contracts are recorded as “Other, net” in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company executes derivative transactions with highly rated financial institutions to mitigate counterparty risk.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued

(unaudited)

The Company did not have any outstanding derivative contracts at March 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018. Additionally, the Company did not have any gains or losses from currency exchange derivatives during the three months ended March 31, 2019. The following table shows the gains and (losses) from currency exchange derivatives during the three months ended March 31, 2018, which are included in “Other, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, as well as the weighted average notional amount of derivatives outstanding for the period:

|  |  | Three months ended March 31, 2018 |
|  |  | Gains (Losses) |  | Weighted average notional amount |
|  |  | (in thousands) |
Foreign currency exchange forwards |  | $ |  | 17 |  | $ | 930 |

Note 7 — Equity

Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

The following tables present the changes in Stockholders’ Equity:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |
|  | Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock |  | Paid-in |  | Accumulated |  | Comprehensive |  |  |
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Capital |  | Deficit |  | Income |  | Total
|  | (in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2018 |  | 48,547 |  | $ | 485 |  |  | 523 |  | $ | (5,872) |  | $ | 1,061,325 |  | $ | (619,983) |  | $ | 1,820 |  | $ | 437,775
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (18,530) |  |  | — |  |  | (18,530)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 38 |  |  | 38
Share-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,157 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,157
Net issuance under employee stock plans |  | 128 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (523) |  |  | 5,872 |  |  | (6,303) |  |  | (213) |  |  | — |  |  | (642)
Balance at March 31, 2019 |  | 48,675 |  | $ | 487 |  |  | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,058,179 |  | $ | (638,726) |  | $ | 1,858 |  | $ | 421,798

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |
|  | Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock |  | Paid-in |  | Accumulated |  | Comprehensive |  |  |
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Capital |  | Deficit |  | Income |  | Total
|  | (in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2017 |  | 48,229 |  | $ | 482 |  |  | 85 |  | $ | (1,284) |  | $ | 1,051,953 |  | $ | (212,870) |  | $ | 1,812 |  | $ | 840,093
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,827) |  |  | — |  |  | (15,827)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24 |  |  | 24
Share-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,537 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,537
Net issuance under employee stock plans |  | 462 |  |  | 5 |  |  | (115) |  |  | 1,728 |  |  | (2,159) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (426)
Purchases of common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |  |  | (444) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (444)
Balance at March 31, 2018 |  | 48,691 |  | $ | 487 |  |  | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,054,331 |  | $ | (228,697) |  | $ | 1,836 |  | $ | 827,957

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued

(unaudited)

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“AOCI”)

The following table presents the changes in the balances of each component of AOCI, net of tax:

|  |  |  | Unrealized |  |  |
|  |  |  | Gains (Losses) |  |  |
|  | Foreign |  | on Available |  |  |
|  | Currency |  | for Sale |  |  |
|  | Translation |  | Securities |  | Total
|  | (in thousands)
Balance - December 31, 2018 |  | $ | 1,836 |  | $ | (16) |  | $ | 1,820
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 11 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 38
Balance - March 31, 2019 |  | $ | 1,847 |  | $ | 11 |  | $ | 1,858

There were minimal reclassifications from AOCI into net income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Note 8 — Share-based compensation

Restricted share awards are issued to employees that are subject to specified restrictions and a risk of forfeiture. The restrictions typically lapse over one to five years and may entitle holders to dividends and voting rights. Other types of share-based compensation include performance share awards, performance share units, and restricted share units (collectively with restricted share awards, “restricted shares”), as well as options to purchase common stock.

Share-based compensation expense was recognized in the following line items in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Cost of sales |  | $ | 470 |  | $ | 554 |
Research and development |  |  | 792 |  |  | 954 |
Selling, general, and administrative |  |  | 1,895 |  |  | 2,857 |
Restructuring |  |  | — |  |  | 172 |
Total |  | $ | 3,157 |  | $ | 4,537 |

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, equity activity related to stock options was as follows:

|  |  |  | Weighted
|  | Number of |  | Average
|  | Shares |  | Exercise Price
|  | (in thousands) |  |  |
Balance - December 31, 2018 |  | 1,222 |  |  | 34.80
Expired or forfeited |  | (33) |  |  | 33.82
Balance - March 31, 2019 |  | 1,189 |  |  | 34.83

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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued

(unaudited)

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, equity activity related to non-vested restricted shares and performance shares was as follows:

|  |  |  | Weighted
|  |  |  | Average
|  | Number of |  | Grant Date
|  | Shares |  | Fair Value
|  | (in thousands) |  |  |
Balance - December 31, 2018 |  | 2,218 |  |  | 20.74
Granted |  | 974 |  |  | 11.32
Performance award adjustments |  | (9) |  |  | 32.67
Vested |  | (156) |  |  | 21.71
Forfeited |  | (89) |  |  | 21.84
Balance - March 31, 2019 |  | 2,938 |  |  | 17.50

Note 9 — Income Taxes

Income taxes are estimated for each of the jurisdictions in which the Company operates. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, as well as the tax effect of carryforwards. Realization of net deferred tax assets is dependent on future taxable income. At March 31, 2019, the Company’s U.S. deferred tax assets are fully offset by a valuation allowance since the Company cannot conclude that it is more likely than not that these future benefits will be realized.

At the end of each interim reporting period, the effective tax rate is aligned with expectations for the full year. This estimate is used to determine the income tax provision on a year-to-date basis and may change in subsequent interim periods. If necessary, the year-to-date tax benefit for interim period losses is limited to the amount that could be recognizable at the end of the fiscal year.

Loss before income taxes and income tax expense (benefit) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Loss before income taxes |  | $ | (18,340) |  | $ | (16,057) |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | $ | 190 |  | $ | (230) |

The Company’s tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $0.2 million, compared to a tax benefit of $0.2 million for the comparable prior period. The 2019 tax expense included an expense of $0.1 million related to the Company’s domestic operations, and $0.1 million related to the Company’s non-U.S. operations, compared to 2018 when the benefit included an expense of $0.1 million related to the Company’s domestic operations, and a $0.3 million tax benefit related to the Company’s non-U.S. operations. Although there was a domestic pre-tax loss for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not provide a current tax benefit on domestic pre-tax losses, as the amounts are not realizable on a more-likely-than-not basis. The domestic tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 is primarily attributable to the tax amortization of indefinite-lived intangible assets that is not available to offset U.S. deferred tax assets. The non-US tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is primarily attributable to tax expense on non-U.S operation profits and foreign withholding taxes on unremitted earnings as of March 31, 2019, offset by the amortization of intangible assets. The non-U.S. tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2018 is primarily attributable to the amortization of intangible assets, offset by tax expense on non-U.S

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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued

(unaudited)

operation profits incurred during the period, as well as foreign withholding taxes on unremitted earnings as of March 31, 2018.

Note 10 — Segment Reporting and Geographic Information

Veeco operates and measures its results in one operating segment and therefore has one reportable segment: the design, development, manufacture, and support of thin film process equipment primarily sold to make electronic devices.

Veeco categorizes its sales into the following four end-markets:

Advanced Packaging, MEMS & RF Filters

Advanced Packaging includes a portfolio of wafer-level assembly technologies that enable the miniaturization and performance improvement of electronic products, such as smartphones, smartwatches, tablets, and laptops. Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (“MEMS”) includes tiny mechanical devices such as sensors, switches, mirrors, and actuators embedded in semiconductor chips used in vehicles, smartphones, tablets, and games. RF Filters refers to RF filters used in smartphones, tablets, and mobile devices.

LED Lighting, Display & Compound Semiconductor

LED Lighting refers to Light Emitting Diode (“LED”) and semiconductor illumination sources used in various applications including, but not limited to, displays such as backlights, general lighting, automotive running lights, and headlamps. Display refers to LEDs used for displays and Organic Light Emitting Diode (“OLED”) displays found in outdoor display/signage applications, TVs, smartphones, wearable devices, and tablets. Compound Semiconductor includes Photonics, Power Electronics, and Radio Frequency (“RF”) Devices. Photonics refers to laser diodes, Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (“VCSEL”) in 3D sensing and communications, and various other optical devices. Power Electronics refers to semiconductor devices such as rectifiers, inverters, and converters for the control and conversion of electric power. RF devices refers to radio frequency emitting and receiving devices that enable wireless communications. Such devices include power amplifiers, switches, and transceivers for applications such as mobile (including handsets and base stations), defense, automobile, and the Internet of Things.

Front-End Semiconductor

Front-End Semiconductor refers to the early steps in the process of integrated circuit fabrication where the microchips are created but still remain on the silicon wafer. This category includes Laser Spike Anneal, Ion Beam etch for front-end semiconductor applications, and Ion Beam deposition for EUV mask blanks.

Scientific & Industrial

Scientific refers to advanced materials research at university research institutions, industry research institutions, industry consortiums, and government research agencies. Industrial refers to large-scale product manufacturing applications including data storage and optical coatings: thin layers of material deposited on a lens or mirror that alters how light reflects and transmits.

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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued

(unaudited)

Sales by end-market and geographic region for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Sales by end-market |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Advanced Packaging, MEMS & RF Filters |  | $ | 23,127 |  | $ | 27,153 |
LED Lighting, Display & Compound Semiconductor |  |  | 13,550 |  |  | 89,916 |
Front-End Semiconductor |  |  | 22,617 |  |  | 9,457 |
Scientific & Industrial |  |  | 40,077 |  |  | 32,048 |
Total |  | $ | 99,371 |  | $ | 158,574 |
Sales by geographic region |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 32,315 |  | $ | 23,754 |
China |  |  | 10,159 |  |  | 75,395 |
EMEA(1) |  |  | 17,827 |  |  | 15,745 |
Rest of World |  |  | 39,070 |  |  | 43,680 |
Total |  | $ | 99,371 |  | $ | 158,574 |

| (1) |  | EMEA consists of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa

For geographic reporting, sales are attributed to the location in which the customer facility is located.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward Looking Statements

Our discussion below constitutes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. When used in this Report, the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “estimates,” “targets,” “plans,” “intends,” “will,” and similar expressions related to the future are intended to identify forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from projected results. You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the dates they are made.

Executive Summary

We are a leading manufacturer of innovative semiconductor and thin film process equipment. Our proven MOCVD, lithography, laser annealing, ion beam, and single wafer etch and clean technologies play an integral role in producing LEDs for solid-state lighting and displays, and in the fabrication of advanced semiconductor devices. With equipment designed to optimize performance, yield, and cost of ownership, we hold technology leadership positions in all these served markets.

We categorize our revenue by the key market segments into which we sell. Our four key markets are: Advanced Packaging, MEMS & RF Filters; LED Lighting, Display & Compound Semiconductor; Front-End Semiconductor; and Scientific & Industrial.

Sales in the Advanced Packaging, MEMS & RF Filter market were driven by shipment of Lithography and PSP systems to Foundry, Integrated Device Manufacturer (“IDM”), and Outsourced Semiconductor and Test (“OSAT”) customers in support of advanced packaging processes such as Fan-In and Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging, and Copper Pillar. While Advanced Packaging has typically been associated with logic devices, recent traction in DRAM packaging with our lithography systems has been encouraging. We remain well positioned for future growth in these markets, supported by trends such as mobile connectivity, automotive electronics, big data processing, and 5G infrastructure deployment, as well as the longer term growth of FOWLP and other Advanced Packaging applications.

Sales in the LED Lighting, Display & Compound Semiconductor market were driven by systems shipped for display and photonics applications. We expect future business in this market to come from applications such as 3D sensors, VCSELs, laser diodes, and RF devices. Our broad portfolio of MOCVD and PSP technologies have been developed to support these emerging applications.

Sales in the Front-End Semiconductor market were primarily driven by laser annealing systems shipped to support an advanced-node, foundry process. Additionally, we continue to build momentum in the Front-End Semiconductor market with follow-on orders for our Low Defect Density Ion Beam Deposition (“LDD-IBD”) system for Extreme Ultraviolet (“EUV”) Mask Blank Production. We believe these orders reflect the ongoing adoption of EUV Lithography for advanced node, front-end semiconductor manufacturing.

Sales in the Scientific & Industrial market were supported by shipments of Ion Beam systems for data storage applications and optical coatings as well as shipments of MBE systems to universities and laboratories. Demand for our Ion Beam products for Data Storage is being driven by the requirements to improve areal density of magnetic heads for hard disk drive manufacturers as well as an overall projected volume increase of thin film magnetic heads. These two factors taken together are driving additional capacity and equipment upgrades. While equipment demand from each individual market may fluctuate quarter to quarter, the diverse customer base has historically provided a relatively stable revenue stream for the Company.

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Results of Operations

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

The following table presents revenue and expense line items reported in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for 2019 and 2018 and the period-over-period dollar and percentage changes for those line items. Our results of operations are reported as one business segment, represented by our single operating segment.

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  | Change |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | Period to Period |
|  | (dollars in thousands) |
Net sales |  | $ | 99,371 |  | 100% |  |  | $ | 158,574 |  | 100% |  |  | $ | (59,203) |  | (37)% |  |
Cost of sales |  |  | 64,655 |  | 65% |  |  |  | 101,894 |  | 64% |  |  |  | (37,239) |  | (37)% |  |
Gross profit |  |  | 34,716 |  | 35% |  |  |  | 56,680 |  | 36% |  |  |  | (21,964) |  | (39)% |  |
Operating expenses, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  | 23,340 |  | 23% |  |  |  | 24,320 |  | 15% |  |  |  | (980) |  | (4)% |  |
Selling, general, and administrative |  |  | 19,902 |  | 20% |  |  |  | 26,383 |  | 17% |  |  |  | (6,481) |  | (25)% |  |
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | 4,218 |  | 4% |  |  |  | 13,532 |  | 9% |  |  |  | (9,314) |  | (69)% |  |
Restructuring |  |  | 1,430 |  | 1% |  |  |  | 2,695 |  | 2% |  |  |  | (1,265) |  | (47)% |  |
Acquisition costs |  |  | — |  | - |  |  |  | 1,342 |  | 1% |  |  |  | (1,342) |  | * |  |
Other, net |  |  | (34) |  | - |  |  |  | (157) |  | - |  |  |  | 123 |  | * |  |
Total operating expenses, net |  |  | 48,856 |  | 49% |  |  |  | 68,115 |  | 43% |  |  |  | (19,259) |  | (28)% |  |
Operating income (loss) |  |  | (14,140) |  | (14)% |  |  |  | (11,435) |  | (7)% |  |  |  | (2,705) |  | 24% |  |
Interest income (expense), net |  |  | (4,200) |  | (4)% |  |  |  | (4,622) |  | (3)% |  |  |  | 422 |  | (9)% |  |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  | (18,340) |  | (18)% |  |  |  | (16,057) |  | (10)% |  |  |  | (2,283) |  | 14% |  |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  |  | 190 |  | - |  |  |  | (230) |  | - |  |  |  | 420 |  | * |  |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (18,530) |  | (19)% |  |  | $ | (15,827) |  | (10)% |  |  | $ | (2,703) |  | 17% |  |

*Not meaningful

Net Sales

The following is an analysis of sales by market and by region:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  | Change |  |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | Period to Period |  |
|  | (dollars in thousands) |  |
Sales by market |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Advanced Packaging, MEMS & RF Filters |  | $ | 23,127 |  | 23% |  |  | $ | 27,153 |  | 17% |  |  | $ | (4,026) |  | (15)% |  |
LED Lighting, Display & Compound Semiconductor |  |  | 13,550 |  | 14% |  |  |  | 89,916 |  | 57% |  |  |  | (76,366) |  | (85)% |  |
Front-End Semiconductor |  |  | 22,617 |  | 23% |  |  |  | 9,457 |  | 6% |  |  |  | 13,160 |  | 139% |  |
Scientific & Industrial |  |  | 40,077 |  | 40% |  |  |  | 32,048 |  | 20% |  |  |  | 8,029 |  | 25% |  |
Total |  | $ | 99,371 |  | 100% |  |  | $ | 158,574 |  | 100% |  |  | $ | (59,203) |  | (37)% |  |
Sales by geographic region |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 32,315 |  | 33% |  |  | $ | 23,754 |  | 15% |  |  | $ | 8,561 |  | 36% |  |
China |  |  | 10,159 |  | 10% |  |  |  | 75,395 |  | 47% |  |  |  | (65,236) |  | (87)% |  |
EMEA |  |  | 17,827 |  | 18% |  |  |  | 15,745 |  | 10% |  |  |  | 2,082 |  | 13% |  |
Rest of World |  |  | 39,070 |  | 39% |  |  |  | 43,680 |  | 28% |  |  |  | (4,610) |  | (11)% |  |
Total |  | $ | 99,371 |  | 100% |  |  | $ | 158,574 |  | 100% |  |  | $ | (59,203) |  | (37)% |  |

Sales decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2019 against the comparable prior year period principally in the LED Lighting, Display & Compound Semiconductor market, offset by increases in the Front-End Semiconductor and Scientific & Industrial markets. Pricing was not a significant driver of the change in total sales. By geography, sales decreased in the China and Rest of World regions, offset by increases in the United States and EMEA regions. The most

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significant decrease occurred in the China region, which was largely attributable to the decreased sales in the LED Lighting, Display & Compound Semiconductor market. We do not expect significant new orders for this market in this region in the near future. We expect there will continue to be year-to-year variations in our future sales distribution across markets and geographies.

Gross Profit

In the first quarter of 2019, gross profit decreased compared to the first quarter of 2018 due to a decrease in sales volume, as well as decreased gross margins. Gross margins decreased principally due to product and region mix of sales in the periods.

Research and Development

The markets we serve are characterized by continuous technological development and product innovation, and we invest in various research and development initiatives to maintain our competitive advantage and achieve our growth objectives. Research and development expenses decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2019 against the comparable prior period primarily related to personnel-related expenses and professional fees as a result of our initiative to streamline operations, enhance efficiency, and reduce costs.

Selling, General, and Administrative

Selling, general, and administrative expenses decreased primarily related to personnel-related expenses and professional fees as a result of our initiative to streamline operations, enhance efficiency, and reduce costs.

Amortization Expense

The decrease in amortization expense is a result of the impairment of intangible assets during the second quarter of 2018.

Restructuring Expense

During the second quarter of 2018, we initiated plans to further reduce excess capacity associated with the manufacture and support of our advanced packaging lithography and 3D wafer inspection systems by consolidating these operations into our San Jose, California facility. As a result of this and other cost saving initiatives, we announced headcount reductions of approximately 40 employees. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, additional accruals were recognized and payments were made related to these restructuring activities.

We continued to record restructuring charges in the first quarter of 2019 in an effort to streamline operations, enhance efficiencies, and reduce costs.

Interest Income (Expense)

We recorded net interest expense of $4.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to $4.6 million for the comparable prior year period. Included in interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were non-cash charges of $3.1 million and $2.9 million, respectively, related to the amortization of debt discount and transaction costs of the Convertible Senior Notes.

Income Taxes

At the end of each interim reporting period, we estimate the effective income tax rate expected to be applicable for the full year. This estimate is used to determine the income tax provision or benefit on a year-to-date basis and may change in subsequent interim periods.

Our tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $0.2 million compared to a tax benefit of $0.2 million for the comparable prior period. The 2019 tax expense included an expense of $0.1 million related to our domestic

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operations, and $0.1 million related to our non-U.S. operations, compared to 2018 when the benefit included an expense of $0.1 million related to our domestic operations, and a $0.3 million tax benefit related to our non-U.S. operations. The domestic tax expense for both periods is primarily attributable to the tax amortization of indefinite-lived intangible assets that is not available to offset U.S. deferred tax assets. The current period non-U.S. tax expense is primarily attributable to tax expense on non-U.S operation profits and foreign withholding taxes on unremitted earnings as of March 31, 2019, offset by the amortization of intangible assets. The comparable period non-U.S. tax benefit is primarily attributable to the amortization of intangible assets, offset by tax expense on non-U.S operation profits incurred during the period, as well as foreign withholding taxes on unremitted earnings as of March 31, 2018.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and short-term investments are as follows:

|  | March 31, |  | December 31,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
|  | (in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 169,439 |  | $ | 212,273
Restricted cash |  |  | 804 |  |  | 809
Short-term investments |  |  | 67,215 |  |  | 48,189
Total |  | $ | 237,458 |  | $ | 261,271

At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, cash and cash equivalents of $65.7 million and $66.9 million, respectively, were held outside the United States. As of March 31, 2019, we had $44.2 million of accumulated undistributed earnings generated by our non-U.S. subsidiaries for which the U.S. repatriation tax has been provided and did not require the use of cash due to the use of net operating loss carryforwards. Approximately $8.3 million of undistributed earnings would be subject to foreign withholding taxes if distributed back to the United States. As of December 31, 2018, we had accrued for, and subsequently paid in January 2019, approximately $1.9 million of withholding tax related to distributions made in 2018. We believe that our projected cash flow from operations, combined with our cash and short term investments, will be sufficient to meet our projected working capital requirements, contractual obligations, and other cash flow needs for the next twelve months, including scheduled interest payments on our Convertible Senior Notes due 2023.

A summary of the cash flow activity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (18,530) |  | $ | (15,827) |
Non-cash items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 8,796 |  |  | 17,726 |
Non-cash interest expense |  |  | 3,081 |  |  | 2,859 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | (15) |  |  | (269) |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  | 3,157 |  |  | 4,537 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities |  |  | (18,780) |  |  | (20,833) |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  | $ | (22,291) |  | $ | (11,807) |

Net cash used in operating activities was $22.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and was due to the net loss of $18.5 million plus adjustments for non-cash items of $15.0 million, offset by a decrease in cash flow from changes in operating assets and liabilities of $18.8 million. The changes in operating assets and liabilities were largely attributable to 1) decreases in accounts payable and accrued expenses; 2) decreases in customer deposits and deferred revenue; 3) increases in accounts receivable; and 4) increases in prepaid expenses, all of which is partially offset by decreases in inventory.

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Cash Flows from Investing Activities

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Capital expenditures |  | $ | (2,180) |  | $ | (2,259) |
Changes in investments, net |  |  | (18,758) |  |  | (20,300) |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  | $ | (20,938) |  | $ | (22,559) |

The cash used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2019 was attributable to net changes in investments as well as capital expenditures.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Net proceeds from employee equity programs |  | $ | 379 |  | $ | 709 |
Purchases of common stock |  |  | — |  |  | (592) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  | $ | 379 |  | $ | 117 |

The cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was related to cash proceeds from the employee stock purchase plan, offset by cash used to settle taxes related to employee equity programs.

Convertible Senior Notes

On January 10, 2017, we issued $345.0 million of 2.70% convertible senior unsecured notes (the “Convertible Senior Notes”). We received net proceeds, after deducting underwriting discounts and fees and expenses payable by us, of approximately $335.8 million. The Convertible Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 2.70% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, commencing on July 15, 2017. The Convertible Senior Notes mature on January 15, 2023, unless earlier purchased by the Company, redeemed, or converted. We believe that we have sufficient capital resources and cash flows from operations to support scheduled interest payments on this debt.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

We have commitments under certain contractual arrangements to make future payments for goods and services. These contractual arrangements secure the rights to various assets and services to be used in the future in the normal course of business. We expect to fund these contractual arrangements with cash generated from operations in the normal course of business.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, expenses, and results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources other than bank guarantees and purchase commitments disclosed in the preceding footnotes.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk

Our exposure to market rate risk for changes in interest rates primarily relates to our investment portfolio. We centrally manage our investment portfolios considering investment opportunities and risks, tax consequences, and overall financing strategies. Our investment portfolio includes fixed-income securities with a fair value of approximately $67.2 million at March 31, 2019. These securities are subject to interest rate risk and, based on our investment portfolio at

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March 31, 2019, a 100 basis point increase in interest rates would result in a decrease in the fair value of the portfolio of $0.2 million. While an increase in interest rates may reduce the fair value of the investment portfolio, we will not realize the losses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations unless the individual fixed-income securities are sold prior to recovery or the loss is determined to be other-than-temporary.

Currency Exchange Risk

We conduct business on a worldwide basis and, as such, a portion of our revenues, earnings, and net investments in foreign affiliates is exposed to changes in currency exchange rates. The economic impact of currency exchange rate movements is complex because such changes are often linked to variability in real growth, inflation, interest rates, governmental actions, and other factors. These changes, if material, could cause us to adjust our financing and operating strategies. Consequently, isolating the effect of changes in currency does not incorporate these other important economic factors.

Changes in currency exchange rates could affect our foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities and forecasted cash flows. We enter into monthly forward derivative contracts with the intent of mitigating a portion of this risk. We only use derivative financial instruments in the context of hedging and not for speculative purposes and had not designated our foreign exchange derivatives as hedges. Accordingly, changes in fair value from these contracts are recorded as “Other, net” in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. We execute derivative transactions with highly rated financial institutions to mitigate counterparty risk.

Our net sales to customers located outside of the United States represented approximately 67% of our total net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2019, and 85% for the comparable 2018 period. We expect that net sales to customers outside the United States will continue to represent a large percentage of our total net sales. Our sales denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar represented 6% of total net sales in the three months ended March 31, 2019, and 1% for the comparable 2018 period.

A 10% change in foreign exchange rates would have an immaterial impact on the consolidated results of operations since most of our sales outside the United States are denominated in U.S. dollars.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our principal executive and financial officers have evaluated and concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of March 31, 2019. The disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in this report filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our principal executive and financial officers as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASC 842, Leases. We implemented additional internal controls around the adoption of this new accounting standard to ensure we adequately evaluate our leases and properly assess the impact on our financial statements. There were no other changes in internal control that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect internal control over financial reporting for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

On June 8, 2018, an Ultratech shareholder who received Veeco stock as part of the consideration for the Ultratech acquisition filed a purported class action complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Santa

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Clara, captioned Wolther v. Maheshwari et al., Case No. 18CV329690, on behalf of himself and others who purchased or acquired shares of Veeco pursuant to the registration statement and prospectus which Veeco filed with the SEC in connection with the Ultratech acquisition (the “Wolther Action”). On August 2 and August 8, 2018, two purported class action complaints substantially similar to the Wolther Action were filed on behalf of different plaintiffs in the same court as the Wolther Action. These cases have been consolidated with the Wolther Action, and a consolidated complaint was filed on December 11, 2018. The consolidated complaint seeks to recover damages and fees under Sections 11, 12, and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 for, among other things, alleged false/misleading statements in the registration statement and prospectus relating to the Ultratech acquisition, relating primarily to the alleged failure to disclose delays in the advanced packaging business, increased MOCVD competition in China, and an intellectual property dispute. Veeco is defending this matter vigorously.

On December 21, 2018, a purported Veeco stockholder filed a derivative action in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Santa Clara, captioned Vladimir Gusinsky Revocable Trust v. Peeler, et al., Case No. 18CV339925, on behalf of nominal defendant Veeco. The complaint seeks to assert claims for breach of fiduciary duty, waste of corporate assets, and unjust enrichment against current and former Veeco directors premised on purported misstatements and omissions in the registration statement relating to the Ultratech acquisition. The court ordered this action stayed until a future case management conference. Veeco is defending this matter vigorously.

The Company is involved in various other legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. The Company does not believe that the ultimate resolution of these matters will have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Information regarding risk factors appears in the Safe Harbor Statement at the beginning of this quarterly report on Form 10‑Q and in Part I — Item 1A of our 2018 Form 10‑K. There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our 2018 Form 10‑K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

On December 11, 2017, Veeco’s Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $100 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock to be completed through December 11, 2019. We did not purchase any shares during the first quarter of 2019. At March 31, 2019, $14.3 million of the $100 million had been utilized. Repurchases may be made from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions in accordance with applicable federal securities laws. The timing and amount of future repurchases, if any, will depend upon market conditions, SEC regulations, and other factors. The repurchases would be funded using available cash balances and cash generated from operations. The program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock and may be modified or suspended at any time at our discretion.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Unless otherwise indicated, each of the following exhibits has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission by Veeco under File No. 0‑16244.

Exhibit |  |  |  | Incorporated by Reference |  | Filed or Furnished
Number |  | Exhibit Description |  | Form |  | Exhibit |  | Filing Date |  | Herewith
10.1 |  | Form of Notice of Performance Restricted Stock Unit Award and related terms and conditions pursuant to the Veeco 2010 Stock Incentive Plan, effective March 2019. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *
10.2 |  | Form of Notice of Restricted Stock Award and related terms and conditions pursuant to the Veeco 2010 Stock Incentive Plan, effective March 2019 (time-based version A). |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *
10.3 |  | Form of Notice of Restricted Stock Award and related terms and conditions pursuant to the Veeco 2010 Stock Incentive Plan, effective March 2019 (time-based version B). |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *
10.4 |  | Amendment dated March 22, 2019 to the Letter Agreement between the Company and William J. Miller, Ph.D. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *
10.5 |  | Amendment dated March 22, 2019 to the Letter Agreement between the Company and Shubham Maheshwari. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *
31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a—14(a) or Rule 15d—14(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *
31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a—14(a) or Rule 15d—14(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *
32.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes - Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *
32.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes - Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **
101.XSD |  | XBRL Schema. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **
101.PRE |  | XBRL Presentation. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **
101.CAL |  | XBRL Calculation. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **
101.DEF |  | XBRL Definition. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **
101.LAB |  | XBRL Label. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **

* Filed herewith

** Filed herewith electronically

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on May 6, 2019.

| Veeco Instruments Inc.
| By: | /S/ WILLIAM J. MILLER, Ph.D.
|  | William J. Miller, Ph.D.
|  | Chief Executive Officer
| By: | /s/ SHUBHAM MAHESHWARI
|  | Shubham Maheshwari
|  | Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Chief Operating Officer

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