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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Income Taxes |
Income Taxes | Note 17 — Income Taxes ​ The amounts of income (loss) before income taxes attributable to domestic and foreign operations were as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31,
​ |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
​ | ​ | (in thousands)
Domestic | ​ | $ | (10,292) | ​ | $ | (78,486) | ​ | $ | (286,561)
Foreign | ​ |  | 1,828 | ​ |  | 530 | ​ |  | (147,273)
Total | ​ | $ | (8,464) | ​ | $ | (77,956) | ​ | $ | (433,834)
​ Significant components of the expense (benefit) for income taxes consisted of the following: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31,
​ |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
​ | ​ | (in thousands)
Current: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Federal | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | (1,682)
Foreign | ​ |  | 22 | ​ |  | 304 | ​ |  | 2,518
State and local | ​ |  | 204 | ​ |  | 113 | ​ |  | 38
Total current expense (benefit) for income taxes | ​ |  | 226 | ​ |  | 417 | ​ |  | 874
Deferred: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Federal | ​ |  | 136 | ​ |  | 162 | ​ |  | 205
Foreign | ​ |  | (320) | ​ |  | 116 | ​ |  | (27,932)
State and local | ​ |  | (115) | ​ |  | 82 | ​ |  | 107
Total deferred expense (benefit) for income taxes | ​ |  | (299) | ​ |  | 360 | ​ |  | (27,620)
Total expense (benefit) for income taxes | ​ | $ | (73) | ​ | $ | 777 | ​ | $ | (26,746)
​ The income tax expense was reconciled to the tax expense computed at the U.S. federal statutory tax rate as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31,
​ |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
​ | ​ | (in thousands)
Income tax expense (benefit) at U.S. statutory rates | ​ | $ | (1,777) | ​ | $ | (16,396) | ​ | $ | (91,105)
State taxes, net of U.S. federal impact | ​ |  | (121) | ​ |  | (835) | ​ |  | (2,848)
Effect of international operations | ​ |  | (131) | ​ |  | 785 | ​ |  | 11,847
Research and development tax credit | ​ |  | 726 | ​ |  | (1,692) | ​ |  | (2,230)
Net change in valuation allowance | ​ |  | 388 | ​ |  | 15,098 | ​ |  | 7,747
Change in accrual for unrecognized tax benefits | ​ |  | (6) | ​ |  | 1,232 | ​ |  | 2,868
Share-based compensation | ​ | ​ | 2,248 | ​ | ​ | 1,947 | ​ | ​ | 1,848
Effect of 2017 Tax Act | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (1,690)
Asset impairment | ​ | ​ | 728 | ​ | ​ | 495 | ​ | ​ | 46,872
Partial extinguishment of 2023 Notes | ​ | ​ | (2,292) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Other | ​ |  | 164 | ​ |  | 143 | ​ |  | (55)
Total expense (benefit) for income taxes | ​ | $ | (73) | ​ | $ | 777 | ​ | $ | (26,746)
​ ​ Deferred income taxes reflect the effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities recognized for financial reporting purposes and the amounts recognized for tax purposes. The tax effects of the temporary differences were as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | 2020 |  | 2019
​ | ​ | (in thousands)
Deferred tax assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Inventory valuation |  | $ | 10,949 | ​ | $ | 11,170
Net operating losses | ​ | ​ | 51,260 | ​ |  | 63,342
Credit carry forwards | ​ | ​ | 54,160 | ​ | ​ | 55,103
Warranty and installation accruals | ​ | ​ | 1,045 | ​ |  | 1,391
Share-based compensation | ​ | ​ | 4,587 | ​ |  | 6,296
Customer deposits and deferred revenue | ​ | ​ | 10,982 | ​ | ​ | 5,986
Operating leases | ​ | ​ | 2,281 | ​ | ​ | 3,181
Other | ​ | ​ | 4,741 | ​ |  | 3,501
Total deferred tax assets | ​ | ​ | 140,005 | ​ |  | 149,970
Valuation allowance | ​ | ​ | (118,443) | ​ |  | (130,053)
Net deferred tax assets | ​ | ​ | 21,562 | ​ |  | 19,917
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Deferred tax liabilities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Purchased intangible assets | ​ | ​ | 7,227 | ​ |  | 9,345
Convertible Senior Notes | ​ | ​ | 13,674 | ​ | ​ | 8,831
Operating leases | ​ | ​ | 2,241 | ​ | ​ | 3,172
Depreciation | ​ | ​ | 2,220 | ​ |  | 2,668
Total deferred tax liabilities | ​ | ​ | 25,362 | ​ |  | 24,016
Net deferred taxes |  | $ | (3,800) | ​ | $ | (4,099)
​ The Company is no longer permanently reinvesting future earnings from certain foreign jurisdictions and has accrued for foreign tax withholdings of $0.7 million on its unremitted earnings as of December 31, 2020. ​ At December 31, 2020, the Company had U.S. federal NOL carryforwards of approximately $219.3 million, of which $6.9 million has an indefinite carryforward period, with the remaining expiring in varying amounts between 2034 and 2037, if not utilized. At December 31, 2020, the Company had U.S. federal research and development credits of $28.8 million that will expire between 2021 and 2040. The Company also has $9.4 million of foreign tax credits that expire in 2027. Additionally, the Company has state and local NOL carryforwards of approximately $122.7 million (a net deferred tax asset of $7.7 million, net of federal tax benefits and before the valuation allowance) that will expire between 2021 and 2040. Finally, the Company has state credits of $28.4 million, some of which are indefinite and others that will expire between 2024 and 2035. ​ The Company makes assessments to estimate if sufficient taxable income will be generated in the future to use existing deferred tax assets. As of December 31, 2020, the Company continued to have a cumulative three year loss with respect to its U.S. operations. As such, the Company maintains a valuation allowance against its U.S. deferred tax assets. During 2020, the Company’s valuation allowance decreased by approximately $11.6 million. ​ A roll-forward of the Company’s uncertain tax positions for all U.S. federal, state, and foreign tax jurisdictions was as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
​ | ​ | (in thousands)
Balance at beginning of year | ​ | $ | 12,369 | ​ | $ | 11,137 | ​ | $ | 8,269
Additions for tax positions related to current year | ​ |  | 1,217 | ​ |  | 3,075 | ​ |  | 2,154
Additions for tax positions related to prior years | ​ |  | 47 | ​ |  | 21 | ​ |  | 1,721
Reductions for tax positions related to prior years | ​ |  | (1,166) | ​ |  | (1,814) | ​ |  | (934)
Reductions due to the lapse of the statute of limitations | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (26)
Settlements | ​ |  | (104) | ​ |  | (50) | ​ |  | (47)
Balance at end of year | ​ | $ | 12,363 | ​ | $ | 12,369 | ​ | $ | 11,137
​ If the amount of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2020 were recognized, the Company’s income tax provision would decrease by $1.4 million. The gross amount of interest and penalties accrued in income tax payable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets was approximately $0.4 million at both December 31, 2020 and 2019. ​ The Company, or one of its subsidiaries, files income tax returns in the United States federal jurisdiction, and various state, local, and foreign jurisdictions. All material consolidated federal income tax matters have been concluded for years through 2017 subject to subsequent utilization of NOLs generated in such years. All material state and local income tax matters have been reviewed through 2012. The majority of the Company’s foreign jurisdictions have been reviewed through 2015. The Company’s major foreign jurisdictions’ statutes of limitation remain open with respect to the tax years 2015 through 2019 for China, Germany, and Singapore, and 2019 for Taiwan. The Company does not anticipate that its uncertain tax position will change significantly within the next twelve months subject to the completion of the ongoing tax audits and any resultant settlement.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32857-109319 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=116825942&loc=d3e330215-122817 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 17 -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32809-109319 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=116825942&loc=d3e330036-122817 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 14 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32705-109319 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 270 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424409&loc=d3e44925-109338 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (a) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424122&loc=d3e41874-109331 + Details
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