<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-23-002726.txt : 20230110
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20230110161535
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-23-002726
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20230109
ITEM INFORMATION:		Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20230110
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20230110

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			VEECO INSTRUMENTS INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000103145
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY, NEC [3559]
		IRS NUMBER:				112989601
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	000-16244
		FILM NUMBER:		23521323

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		TERMINAL DRIVE
		CITY:			PLAINVIEW
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			11803
		BUSINESS PHONE:		516 677-0200

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		TERMINAL DRIVE
		CITY:			PLAINVIEW
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			11803

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	VACUUM ELECTRONIC MANUFACTURING CORP
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19700408
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<p style="margin: 0; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 18pt"><b>UNITED STATES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 18pt"><b>SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Washington, D.C. &#160;20549</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>FORM&#160;<span id="xdx_90D_edei--DocumentType_c20230109__20230109_zk0u3q0QhMy7"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-09to2023-01-09" name="dei:DocumentType">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>PURSUANT TO SECTION&#160;13
OR 15(d)&#160;OF THE</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>SECURITIES EXCHANGE
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Date of Report (Date of earliest event
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Exact name of registrant as specified in
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Address of principal executive offices)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;(Registrant&#8217;s telephone number,
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Not applicable</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;(Former name or former address, if
changed since last report)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt">Check the appropriate box below if the Form&#160;8&#45;K
filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see
General Instruction A.2. below):</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt"><span style="font-size: 5pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 22.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.8pt"><span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span id="xdx_905_edei--WrittenCommunications_c20230109__20230109_zCXvR6dY4Maf"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-09to2023-01-09" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:WrittenCommunications">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span>&#160;&#160;&#160;Written
communications pursuant to Rule&#160;425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 22.8pt; text-indent: -22.8pt"><span style="font-size: 5pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 22.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.8pt"><span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span id="xdx_907_edei--SolicitingMaterial_c20230109__20230109_zPy3oSvZvVqj"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-09to2023-01-09" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span>&#160;&#160;&#160;Soliciting
material pursuant to Rule&#160;14a&#45;12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a&#45;12)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 22.8pt; text-indent: -22.8pt"><span style="font-size: 5pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 22.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.8pt"><span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span id="xdx_904_edei--PreCommencementTenderOffer_c20230109__20230109_zq4YxmliEXe2"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-09to2023-01-09" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span>&#160;&#160;&#160;Pre-commencement
communications pursuant to Rule&#160;14d&#45;2(b)&#160;under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d&#45;2(b))</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 22.8pt; text-indent: -22.8pt"><span style="font-size: 5pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 22.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.8pt"><span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span id="xdx_90D_edei--PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_c20230109__20230109_znURwGSdCXW6"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-09to2023-01-09" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span>&#160;&#160;&#160;Pre-commencement
communications pursuant to Rule&#160;13e&#45;4(c)&#160;under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e&#45;4(c))</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 22.8pt; text-indent: -22.8pt"><span style="font-size: 5pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify">Securities registered
pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging
growth company as defined in Rule&#160;405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule&#160;12b&#45;2
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b&#45;2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.05pt; text-indent: -23.05pt">Emerging growth company <span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span id="xdx_90F_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20230109__20230109_zfcBHfkxCDx7"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-09to2023-01-09" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.05pt; text-indent: -23.05pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the
registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards
provided pursuant to Section&#160;13(a)&#160;of the Exchange Act. <span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>


<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 90px; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item&#160;5.03</b></span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.</b></span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">On January&#160;9, 2023, the Board of Directors
of Veeco Instruments Inc. (&#8221;Veeco&#8221;), adopted and approved the Company&#8217;s Seventh Amended and Restated Bylaws (the &#8220;A&amp;R
Bylaws&#8221;), which became effective immediately upon adoption. Veeco&#8217;s A&amp;R Bylaws amend and restate Veeco&#8217;s previously
existing bylaws in their entirety to, among other things, (i)&#160;update provisions as a result of universal proxy rules&#160;adopted
by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission with respect to the nomination of directors for election, including a requirement for a
stockholder submitting a nomination notice to make a representation as to whether such stockholder intends to solicit proxies in support
of director nominees other than the Company&#8217;s nominees in accordance with Rule&#160;14a-19&#160;under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended, and to provide reasonable evidence that certain requirements of such rule&#160;have been satisfied; and (ii)&#160;make
certain other administrative, modernizing, clarifying and conforming changes.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The foregoing is qualified in its entirety by reference
to the text of the A&amp;R Bylaws, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit&#160;3.1 to this Current Report on Form&#160;8-K&#160;and incorporated
herein by reference. In addition, a marked copy of the A&amp;R Bylaws showing all changes made to the prior bylaws is filed as Exhibit&#160;3.2
to this Current Report on Form&#160;8-K.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"></td><td style="width: 1in"><b>Item 9.01</b></td><td><b>Financial Statements and Exhibits</b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(d)&#160;Exhibits</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top; width: 14%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit&#160;No.</b></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 5%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 81%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Description</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><a href="tm232710d1_ex3-1.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1</span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><a href="tm232710d1_ex3-1.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Seventh Amended and Restated Bylaws of Veeco Instruments Inc., effective January&#160;9, 2023</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><a href="tm232710d1_ex3-2.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.2</span></a></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><a href="tm232710d1_ex3-2.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Marked copy of Seventh Amended and Restated Bylaws of Veeco Instruments Inc., effective January&#160;9, 2023</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">104</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cover Page&#160;Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">January&#160;9, 2023</span></td>
    <td colspan="2"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>VEECO INSTRUMENTS&#160;INC.</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 50%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 3%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 47%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Kirk Mackey</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name: Kirk Mackey</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title: Vice President, General Counsel</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 3.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SEVENTH AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>of</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>VEECO INSTRUMENTS INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(the &ldquo;Corporation&rdquo;)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(Effective January&nbsp;9, 2023)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">1. <U>MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.1 <U>Annual Meetings</U>.
The annual meeting of stockholders shall be held at a time determined by the board of directors (the &ldquo;Board&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.2 <U>Special Meetings</U>.
Special meetings of the stockholders may be called by resolution of the Board or by the chief executive officer and shall be called by
the chief executive officer or secretary upon the written request (stating the purpose or purposes of the meeting) of a majority of the
directors then in office or of the holders of 50% of the outstanding shares entitled to vote. Only business that is specified in the notice
of the meeting may be transacted at a special meeting of the stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.3 <U>Place and Time of Meetings</U>.
Meetings of the stockholders may be held in or outside Delaware at the place and time specified by the Board. The Board may, in its sole
discretion, determine that an annual or special meeting shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote
communication as provided under the Delaware General Corporation Law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.4 <U>Notice of Meetings</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;Written notice of
each meeting of stockholders shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at the meeting, except that (a)&nbsp;it shall not be
necessary to give notice to any stockholder who submits a signed waiver of notice before or after the meeting, and (b)&nbsp;no notice
of an adjourned meeting need be given except when required by law or under Section&nbsp;1.6 of these bylaws. Each notice of a meeting
shall be given, personally or by mail, not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the meeting and shall state the date, time and place,
if any, of the meeting, the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present
in person and vote at such meeting and, unless it is the annual meeting, shall state at whose direction or request the meeting is called
and the purposes for which it is called. The attendance of any stockholder at a meeting, without protesting at the beginning of the meeting
that the meeting is not lawfully called or convened, shall constitute a waiver of notice by him.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;Notice of any meeting
of stockholders, if mailed, is given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at his, her
or its address as it appears on the records of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;Except as otherwise
prohibited by the Delaware General Corporation Law and without limiting the foregoing, any notice to stockholders given by the Corporation
under any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws shall be effective if given
by a form of electronic transmission consented to (and not properly revoked by written notice to the Corporation) by the stockholder to
whom the notice is given, to the extent that such consent is required by the Delaware General Corporation Law. Any such consent shall
be revocable by the stockholder by written notice to the Corporation. Any such consent shall be deemed revoked if (x)&nbsp;the Corporation
is unable to deliver by electronic transmission two (2)&nbsp;consecutive notices given by the Corporation in accordance with such consent
and (y)&nbsp;such inability becomes known to the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Corporation or to the transfer agent of the
Corporation, or other person responsible for the giving of notice; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that the inadvertent failure to treat
such inability as a revocation shall not invalidate any meeting or other action. Any such electronic notice shall be deemed given (i)&nbsp;if
by facsimile telecommunication, when directed to a number at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice; (ii)&nbsp;if by electronic
mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice; (iii)&nbsp;if by a posting
on an electronic network together with separate notice to the stockholder of such specific posting, upon the later of (A)&nbsp;such posting
and (B)&nbsp;the giving of such separate notice; and (iv)&nbsp;if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the stockholder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&nbsp;For the purposes
of these bylaws, an &ldquo;electronic transmission&rdquo; means any form of communication, not directly involving the physical transmission
of paper, that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved and reviewed by a recipient thereof, and that may be directly reproduced
in paper form by such a recipient through an automated process.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&nbsp;Except as otherwise
prohibited under the Delaware General Corporation Law and without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given to stockholders,
any notice to stockholders given by the Corporation under any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the certificate of incorporation
or these bylaws may be given by a single written notice to stockholders who share an address if consented to by the stockholders at the
address to whom such notice is given. Such consent shall have been deemed to have been given if a stockholder fails to object in writing
to the Corporation within sixty (60) days of having been given written notice by the Corporation of its intention to send the single notice
in accordance with this Section&nbsp;1.4(e). Any such consent shall be revocable by the stockholders by written notice to the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(f)&nbsp;An affidavit of the
secretary or an assistant secretary of the Corporation or of the transfer agent or other agent of the Corporation that the notice has
been given shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.5 <U>Nature of Business
at Meetings of Stockholders</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;No General Business
(as defined below) may be transacted at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, other than General Business that is either (i)&nbsp;properly
brought before the meeting by the Corporation and specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction
of the Board (or any duly authorized committee thereof), (ii)&nbsp;otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction
of the Board (or any duly authorized committee thereof) or (iii)&nbsp;otherwise properly brought before the meeting by any stockholder
of the Corporation who (A)&nbsp;is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section&nbsp;1.5
and at the time of the meeting, (B)&nbsp;is entitled to vote at such meeting, and (C)&nbsp;complies with this Section&nbsp;1.5. Except
for proposals properly made in accordance with Rule&nbsp;14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;Exchange
Act&rdquo;), and included in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the Board, the foregoing clause (iii)&nbsp;shall be
the exclusive means for a stockholder to propose General Business to be brought before an annual or special meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&ldquo;General Business&rdquo;
is defined as any business brought before a meeting of stockholders other than director nominations. Matters pertaining to director nominations
are governed by Section&nbsp;2.2 of these bylaws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;In addition to any
other applicable requirements, for General Business to be properly brought before an annual or special meeting by a stockholder, such
stockholder must (i)&nbsp;have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the secretary of the Corporation and (ii)&nbsp;provide
any updates or supplements to such notice at the times and in the forms required by this Section&nbsp;1.5.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&nbsp;In the case of an
annual meeting, to be timely, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice to the secretary must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal
executive offices of the Corporation not less than ninety (90) days nor more than one hundred and twenty (120) days prior to the anniversary
date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that in the event that the annual meeting
is called for a date that is not within thirty (30) days before or sixty (60) days after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder
in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such
notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or such public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting was made, whichever first
occurs. In the case of a special meeting, to be timely, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice to the secretary must be so received at the principal
executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such notice
of the date of the special meeting was mailed or such public disclosure of the date of the special meeting was made, whichever first occurs.
In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or special meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time
period for the giving of timely notice as described above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&nbsp;To be in proper form
for purposes of this Section&nbsp;1.5, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice to the secretary shall set forth:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)&nbsp;<U>Stockholder
Information</U>: As to each Proposing Person (as defined below), (A)&nbsp;the name and address of such Proposing Person (including, if
applicable, the name and address that appear on the Corporation&rsquo;s books and records), (B)&nbsp;the class or series and number of
shares of the Corporation that are, directly or indirectly, owned of record or beneficially owned (within the meaning of Rule&nbsp;13d-3
under the Exchange Act) by such Proposing Person, except that such Proposing Person shall in all events be deemed to beneficially own
any shares of any class or series of the Corporation as to which such Proposing Person has a right to acquire beneficial ownership at
any time in the future and (C)&nbsp;a representation that such Proposing Person is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled
to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to propose such General Business (the disclosures to
be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (A)&nbsp;through (C)&nbsp;being referred to herein as &ldquo;Stockholder Information&rdquo;);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)&nbsp;<U>Information
Regarding Disclosable Interests</U>: As to each Proposing Person, (A)&nbsp;any derivative, swap or other transaction or series of transactions
engaged in, directly or indirectly, by such Proposing Person, the purpose or effect of which is to give such Proposing Person economic
risk similar to ownership of shares of any class or series of the Corporation, including due to the fact that the value of such derivative,
swap or other transactions are determined by reference to the price, value or volatility of any shares of any class or series of the Corporation,
or which derivative, swap or other transactions provide, directly or indirectly, the opportunity to profit from any increase in the price
or value of shares of any class or series of the Corporation (&ldquo;Synthetic Equity Interests&rdquo;), which such Synthetic Equity Interests
shall be disclosed without regard as to whether (x)&nbsp;such derivative, swap or other transactions convey any voting rights in such
shares to such Proposing Person, (y)&nbsp;the derivative, swap or other transactions are required to be, or are capable of being, settled
through delivery of such shares or (z)&nbsp;such Proposing Person may have entered into other transactions that hedge or mitigate the
economic effect of such derivative, swap or other transactions (&ldquo;Hedge Transactions&rdquo;), (B)&nbsp;any proxy (other than a revocable
proxy or consent given in response to a solicitation made pursuant to, and in accordance with, Section&nbsp;14(a)&nbsp;of the Exchange
Act by way of a solicitation statement filed on Schedule 14A), agreement, arrangement, understanding or relationship pursuant to which
such Proposing Person has or shares a right to vote any shares of any class or series of the Corporation, (C)&nbsp;any agreement, arrangement,
understanding or relationship, including any repurchase or similar so-called &ldquo;stock borrowing&rdquo; agreement or arrangement, engaged
in, directly or indirectly, by such Proposing Person, the purpose or effect of which is to mitigate loss to, reduce the economic risk
(of ownership or otherwise) of shares of any class or series of the Corporation by, manage the risk of share price changes for, or increase
or decrease the voting power of, such Proposing Person with respect to the shares of any class or series of the Corporation, or that provides,
directly or indirectly, the opportunity to profit from any decrease in the price or value of the shares of any class or series of the
Corporation (&ldquo;Short Interests&rdquo;), (D)&nbsp;any rights to dividends on the shares of any class or series of the Corporation
owned beneficially by such Proposing Person that are separated or separable from the underlying shares of the Corporation, (E)&nbsp;any
performance related fees (other than an asset based fee) that such Proposing Person is entitled to based on any increase or decrease in
the price or value of shares of any class or series of the Corporation, or any Synthetic Equity Interests or Short Interests, if any,
(F)&nbsp;any Hedge Transactions and (G)&nbsp;any other information relating to such Proposing Person that would be required to be disclosed
in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies or consents by such Proposing Person
in support of the General Business proposed to be brought before the meeting pursuant to Section&nbsp;14(a)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act (the
disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (A)&nbsp;through (G)&nbsp;being referred to herein as &ldquo;Disclosable Interests&rdquo;);
<U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that Disclosable Interests shall not include any such disclosures with respect to the ordinary course
business activities of any broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee who is a Proposing Person solely as a result
of being the stockholder directed to prepare and submit the notice required by these bylaws on behalf of a beneficial owner; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii)&nbsp;<U>Description
of Proposed General Business</U>. As to each item of General Business that the stockholder proposes to bring before an annual or special
meeting, (A)&nbsp;a reasonably brief description of the General Business desired to be brought before such meeting, the reasons for conducting
such General Business at such meeting and any material interest in such General Business of each Proposing Person, (B)&nbsp;the text of
the proposal or General Business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration), and (C)&nbsp;a reasonably detailed
description of all agreements, arrangements and understandings (x)&nbsp;between or among any of the Proposing Persons or (y)&nbsp;between
or among any Proposing Person and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such General
Business by such stockholder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(f)&nbsp;At the same time
or prior to the submission of any stockholder proposal of General Business to be conducted at an annual or special meeting that, if approved,
could not be implemented by the Corporation without notifying or obtaining the consent or approval of any federal, state, municipal or
other regulatory body, the Proposing Person shall submit to the secretary of the Corporation an analysis, satisfactory to the Board, demonstrating
that the proposal will have no material detrimental effect on the business and operations of the Corporation after making the requisite
notices or obtaining the requisite consents or approvals and after giving effect to the potential responses thereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(g)&nbsp;<U>Definition of
Proposing Person</U>. For purposes of this Section&nbsp;1.5, the term &ldquo;Proposing Person&rdquo; shall mean (A)&nbsp;the stockholder
providing the notice of General Business proposed to be brought before an annual or special meeting, (B)&nbsp;the beneficial owner or
beneficial owners, if different, on whose behalf the notice of General Business proposed to be brought before the annual or special meeting
is made, and (C)&nbsp;any affiliate or associate (each within the meaning of Rule&nbsp;12b-2 under the Exchange Act for purposes of these
bylaws) of such stockholder or beneficial owner or others acting in concert therewith.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(h)&nbsp;<U>Update and Supplement
of Stockholder Notice of Proposed General Business</U>. A stockholder providing notice of General Business proposed to be brought before
an annual or special meeting shall further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required
to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section&nbsp;1.5 shall be true and correct as of the record date for the meeting and as
of the date that is ten (10)&nbsp;business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement
shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than five
(5)&nbsp;business days after the record date for the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record
date), and not later than eight (8)&nbsp;business days prior to the date for the meeting, if practicable (or, if not practicable, on the
first practicable date prior to any adjournment or postponement thereof) (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made
as of ten (10)&nbsp;business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)&nbsp;No General Business
shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders except General Business brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set
forth in this Section&nbsp;1.5; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that, once General Business has been properly brought before the meeting
in accordance with such procedures, nothing in this Section&nbsp;1.5 shall be deemed to preclude discussion by any stockholder of any
such General Business. Except as otherwise provided by law, the chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether
any General Business to be brought before the meeting was proposed in accordance with the requirements and procedures set forth in this
Section&nbsp;1.5 and, in the event any General Business was not proposed in compliance with this Section&nbsp;1.5, to declare that such
General Business shall not be transacted. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section&nbsp;1.5, unless otherwise required
by law, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of stockholders
of the Corporation to present such General Business, such General Business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect
of such vote may have been received by the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(j)&nbsp;In order for a stockholder
to propose General Business at an annual or special meeting, he or she must comply with the procedures set forth in this Section&nbsp;1.5;
however, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act, and the rules&nbsp;and regulations thereunder
with respect to the matters set forth in these bylaws. Nothing in these bylaws shall be deemed to affect any rights of stockholders to
request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement or information statement pursuant to Rule&nbsp;14a-8 of the
Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.6 <U>Quorum</U>. At any
meeting of stockholders, the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote shall constitute
a quorum for the transaction of business. In the absence of a quorum, any officer entitled to preside at or to act as secretary of such
meeting or a majority in voting interest of those stockholders present in person or by proxy may adjourn the meeting until a quorum is
present. At any adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present, any action may be taken that might have been taken at the meeting as originally
called. No notice of an adjourned meeting need be given if the date, time and place, if any, thereof, and the means of remote communications,
if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting are announced
at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken except that, if adjournment is for more than thirty days or if, after the adjournment,
a new record date is fixed for the meeting, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given pursuant to Section&nbsp;1.4. Shares of the
Corporation&rsquo;s stock belonging to the Corporation (or to another corporation, if a majority of the shares entitled to vote in the
election of directors of such other corporation are held, directly or indirectly, by the Corporation), shall neither be entitled to vote
nor be counted for quorum purposes; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that the foregoing shall not limit the right of the Corporation or
any other corporation to vote any shares of the Corporation&rsquo;s stock held by it in a fiduciary capacity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.7 <U>Voting; Proxies</U>.
Each stockholder of record shall be entitled to one vote for every share of stock held by such stockholder of record according to the
records of the Corporation. Corporate action to be taken by stockholder vote, other than the election of directors, shall be authorized
by a majority of the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders, except as otherwise provided by law, the certificate of incorporation or
these bylaws or the rules&nbsp;and regulations of any stock exchange applicable to the Corporation, in which case such different or minimum
vote shall be the applicable vote on the matter. Directors shall be elected in the manner provided in Section&nbsp;2.1 of these bylaws.
Voting need not be by ballot unless ordered by the chairman of the meeting; however, all elections of directors shall be by written ballot,
unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation. Each stockholder entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders or to
express consent to or dissent from corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize another person to act for him by proxy.
Every proxy must be signed by the stockholder or his attorney-in-fact. No proxy shall be valid after three years from its date unless
it provides otherwise. Any stockholder directly or indirectly soliciting proxies from other stockholders must use a proxy card color other
than white, which shall be reserved for exclusive use by the Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.8 <U>List of Stockholders</U>.
Not less than 10 days prior to the date of any meeting of stockholders, the secretary of the Corporation shall prepare a complete list
of stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order and showing the address of each stockholder and the number
of shares registered in his name. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder for any purpose germane to the meeting
for a period of not less than 10 days prior to such meeting, (a)&nbsp;on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the
information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (b)&nbsp;during ordinary business hours,
either (i)&nbsp;at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, if such place shall have been specified in the notice of the
meeting, or (ii)&nbsp;if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. In the event that the Corporation determines
to make the list available on an electronic network, the Corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available
only to the stockholders of the Corporation. If the meeting is to be held at a place (rather than solely by means of remote communication),
then the list shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof and may be inspected by any
stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote communication, then the list shall also be open to
the examination of any stockholder during the whole time thereof on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required
to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting. Except as otherwise provided by law, such list shall be the only
evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the list of stockholders required by this Section&nbsp;1.8 or to vote in person
or by proxy at any meeting of the stockholders. The Corporation shall not be required to include electronic mail addresses or other electronic
contact information on such list.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.9 <U>Action by Consent Without
a Meeting</U>. No action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of stockholders may be taken by written consent without a meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">2. <U>BOARD OF DIRECTORS</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.1 <U>Number, Qualification,
Election and Term of Directors</U>. The business of the Corporation shall be managed by the Board. The Board shall consist of not less
than three nor more than eleven members, the exact number of which shall be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by a majority
vote of the directors then serving, but no decrease in the number of directors that constitutes the Board may shorten the term of any
incumbent director. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock to elect additional directors under specified
circumstances, the directors shall be divided into three (3)&nbsp;classes designated as Class&nbsp;I, Class&nbsp;II and Class&nbsp;III,
respectively, as nearly equal in size as possible. Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, directors shall be elected
at each annual meeting of stockholders and shall hold office for a full term of three (3)&nbsp;years to succeed the directors of the class
whose terms expire at such annual meeting. Each director shall also serve until the election and qualification of their respective successors,
subject to the provisions of Section&nbsp;2.10. As used in these bylaws, the term &ldquo;entire Board&rdquo; means the total number of
directors which the Corporation would have if there were no vacancies on the Board. Except as provided in Section&nbsp;2.11 of these Bylaws,
each director shall be elected by the vote of a majority of the votes cast with respect to the director at any meeting for the election
of directors at which a quorum is present, provided that if the number of nominees exceeds the number of directors to be elected, the
directors shall be elected by the vote of a plurality of the shares represented in person or by proxy at any such meeting and entitled
to vote on the election of directors. For purposes of this paragraph, a majority of the votes cast means that the number of shares voted
 &ldquo;for&rdquo; a director must exceed 50% of the votes cast with respect to that director. The votes cast shall include votes to withhold
authority in each case and exclude abstentions with respect to that director&rsquo;s election.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.2 <U>Nomination of Directors</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;Only persons who
are nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as directors of the Corporation, except as may
be otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation with respect to the right of holders of preferred stock of the Corporation,
if any, to nominate and elect a specified number of directors in certain circumstances. Nominations of persons for election to the Board
may be made at any annual meeting of stockholders, or at any special meeting of stockholders called for the purpose of electing directors,
(i)&nbsp;by or at the direction of the Board (or any duly authorized committee thereof) or (ii)&nbsp;by any stockholder of the Corporation
who (A)&nbsp;is a stockholder of record (and, with respect to any beneficial owner, if different, on whose behalf such nomination is proposed
to be made, only if such beneficial owner is the beneficial owner of shares of the Corporation) both on the date of the giving of the
notice provided for in this Section&nbsp;2.2 and at the time of the meeting (and any postponement or adjournment thereof), (B)&nbsp;is
entitled to vote at such meeting, and (C)&nbsp;complies with this Section&nbsp;2.2. The foregoing clause (ii)&nbsp;shall be the exclusive
means for a stockholder to make any nomination of a person or persons for election to the Board at an annual or special meeting of stockholders.
A stockholder may not nominate a greater number of nominees than the number to be elected at the annual meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;In addition to any
other applicable requirements, for a nomination to be made by a stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in
proper written form to the secretary of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;In the case of an
annual meeting, to be timely, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice to the secretary (i)&nbsp;must be delivered to or mailed and received at the
principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than ninety (90) days nor more than one hundred and twenty (120) days prior to
the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that in the event that
the annual meeting is called for a date that is not within thirty (30) days before or sixty (60) days after such anniversary date, notice
by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the
day on which such notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or such public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting was
made, whichever first occurs and (ii)&nbsp;must be updated or supplemented at the times and in the forms required by this Section&nbsp;2.2.
In the case of a special meeting, to be timely, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice to the secretary must be so received at the principal executive
offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such notice of the
date of the special meeting was mailed or such public disclosure of the date of the special meeting was made, whichever first occurs and
(ii)&nbsp;must be updated or supplemented at the times and in the forms required by this Section&nbsp;2.2. In no event shall any adjournment
or postponement of an annual meeting or special meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder&rsquo;s
notice as described above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&nbsp;To be in proper form
for purposes of this Section&nbsp;2.2, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice to the secretary shall set forth:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)&nbsp;<U>Stockholder
Information</U>. As to each Nominating Person (as defined below), the Stockholder Information (as defined in Section&nbsp;1.5, except
that for purposes of this Section&nbsp;2.2, the term &ldquo;Nominating Person&rdquo; shall be substituted for the term &ldquo;Proposing
Person&rdquo;);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)&nbsp;<U>Information
Regarding Disclosable Interests</U>. As to each Nominating Person, any Disclosable Interests (as defined in Section&nbsp;1.5, except that
for purposes of this Section&nbsp;2.2 the term &ldquo;Nominating Person&rdquo; shall be substituted for the term &ldquo;Proposing Person&rdquo;,
and the disclosure in clause (G)&nbsp;of such definition of Disclosable Interests shall be made with respect to the election of directors
at the meeting);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii)&nbsp;<U>Information
Regarding Proposed Nominees</U>. As to each person whom a Nominating Person proposes to nominate for election as a director, (A)&nbsp;all
information with respect to such proposed nominee that would be required to be set forth in a stockholder&rsquo;s notice pursuant to this
Section&nbsp;2.2 if such proposed nominee were a Nominating Person, (B)&nbsp;all information relating to such proposed nominee that is
required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election
of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section&nbsp;14(a)&nbsp;under the Exchange Act (including such proposed nominee&rsquo;s
written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected), and (C)&nbsp;a description
of all direct and indirect compensatory, reimbursement, indemnification, payment or other agreements, arrangements or understandings during
the past three years, and any other material relationships, between or among any Nominating Person, on the one hand, and each proposed
nominee, his or her respective affiliates and associates, on the other hand, including, without limitation, all information that would
be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 under Regulation S-K if such Nominating Person were the &ldquo;registrant&rdquo; for
purposes of such rule&nbsp;and the proposed nominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iv)&nbsp;<U>Intention
to Solicit</U>. In the event the Nominating Person intends to solicit proxies in support of nominees other than the Corporation&rsquo;s
nominees, a representation that the Nominating Person intends to solicit the holders of at least sixty-seven percent (67%) of the Corporation&rsquo;s
outstanding capital stock entitled to vote on the election of directors in support of nominees other than the Corporation&rsquo;s nominees;
and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(v)&nbsp;<U>Rule&nbsp;14a-19</U>.
A representation whether the Nominating Person intends to solicit proxies or votes in support of the nominee in accordance with Rule&nbsp;14a-19
promulgated under the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&nbsp;<U>Other Information
to be Furnished by Proposed Nominees</U>. Any proposed nominee must deliver (in accordance with the time periods prescribed for delivery
of a stockholder&rsquo;s notice under Section&nbsp;2.2(c)) to the secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation a written
agreement, representing, warranting and covenanting that such proposed nominee (w)&nbsp;is not, and will not become, a party to any agreement,
arrangement or understanding with, and has not given and will not give any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity, (1)&nbsp;as
to how such proposed nominee, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question that has not been
disclosed to the Corporation or (2)&nbsp;that could limit or interfere with such proposed nominee&rsquo;s ability to comply, if elected
as a director of the Corporation, with such proposed nominee&rsquo;s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (x)&nbsp;is not, and will
not become, a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to
any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director that has not
been disclosed to the Corporation, (y)&nbsp;represents that such proposed nominee will, upon request of the Corporation, participate in
one or more interviews with one or more directors within 10 calendar days after being requested to do so and (z)&nbsp;will comply, if
elected as a director of the Corporation, with all corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and
trading policies and guidelines of the Corporation publicly disclosed or otherwise applicable to the Corporation&rsquo;s directors. In
addition, the Corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish, in each case within five business days of the Corporation&rsquo;s
request, such other information as the Corporation may reasonably request, including without limitation, (A)&nbsp;as may be required by
the Corporation&rsquo;s directors&rsquo; and officers&rsquo; questionnaire, (B)&nbsp;as may reasonably be required by the Corporation
to determine the qualifications of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation, (C)&nbsp;as may reasonably be required
by the Corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as an independent director of the Corporation in accordance
with the Corporation&rsquo;s Corporate Governance Guidelines or (D)&nbsp;that could be material to a reasonable stockholder&rsquo;s understanding
of the qualifications of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation or the independence or lack of independence of
such proposed nominee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(f)&nbsp;<U>Definition of
Nominating Person</U>. For purposes of this Section&nbsp;2.2, the term &ldquo;Nominating Person&rdquo; shall mean (A)&nbsp;the stockholder
providing the notice of the nomination proposed to be made at the meeting, (B)&nbsp;the beneficial owner or beneficial owners, if different,
on whose behalf the notice of the nomination proposed to be made at the meeting is made, and (C)&nbsp;any affiliate or associate of such
stockholder or beneficial owner or others acting in concert therewith.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(g)&nbsp;<U>Update and Supplement
of Stockholder Notice of Nominations</U>. A stockholder providing notice of any nomination proposed to be made at a meeting shall further
update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to
this Section&nbsp;2.2 shall be true and correct as of the record date for the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10)&nbsp;business
days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed
and received by, the secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than five (5)&nbsp;business days after
the record date for the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date), and not later than
eight (8)&nbsp;business days prior to the date for the meeting, if practicable (or, if not practicable, on the first practicable date
prior to any adjournment or postponement thereof) (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10)&nbsp;business
days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof). In the event that a stockholder providing notice no longer intends
to solicit proxies in accordance with Rule&nbsp;14a-19, such stockholder shall provide notice to the Corporation of such intention as
promptly as practicable, but in no event later than would be otherwise required under this Section&nbsp;2.2(g).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(h)&nbsp;In order for a stockholder
to nominate a candidate to the Board of Directors at an annual or special meeting, he or she must comply with the procedures set forth
in this Section&nbsp;2.2; however, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules&nbsp;and
regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in these bylaws (including Rule&nbsp;14a-19 of the Exchange Act). Nothing
in these bylaws shall be deemed to affect any rights of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy
statement pursuant to and in compliance with Rule&nbsp;14a-8 promulgated under the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)&nbsp;A stockholder providing
notice of any nomination proposed to be made shall indemnify the Corporation in respect of any loss arising as a result of any false or
misleading information or statement submitted by the nominating stockholder in connection with the nomination, as provided by Section&nbsp;112(5)&nbsp;of
the Delaware General Corporation Law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(j)&nbsp;No person shall be
eligible for election as a director of the Corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section&nbsp;2.2.
Except as otherwise provided by law, the chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether a nomination to be
brought before the meeting was made in accordance with the requirements and procedures set forth in this Section&nbsp;2.2 (including whether
the stockholder or beneficial owner or others acting in concert therewith, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made solicited (or
is part of a group which solicited) or did not so solicit, as the case may be, proxies in support of such stockholder&rsquo;s nominee
in compliance with such stockholder&rsquo;s representations as required by this Section&nbsp;2.2) and, in the event any proposed nomination
was not so made in compliance with this Section&nbsp;2.2, to declare that such nomination shall be disregarded. Notwithstanding the foregoing
provisions of this Section&nbsp;2.2, unless otherwise required by law, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder)
does not appear at the annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present a nomination, such nomination shall be
disregarded, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Notwithstanding the provisions
of this Section&nbsp;2.2, unless otherwise required by law, (i)&nbsp;no Nominating Person giving notice shall solicit proxies in support
of director nominees other than the Corporation&rsquo;s nominees unless such Nominating Person has complied with Rule&nbsp;14a-19 promulgated
under the Exchange Act and (ii)&nbsp;if any Nominating Person giving notice (1)&nbsp;provides notice pursuant to Rule&nbsp;14a-19(b)&nbsp;promulgated
under the Exchange Act and (2)&nbsp;subsequently fails to comply with the requirements of Rule&nbsp;14a-19(a)(2)&nbsp;and Rule&nbsp;14a-19(a)(3)&nbsp;promulgated
under the Exchange Act, then the Corporation shall disregard any proxies or votes solicited for any persons nominated by such Nominating
Person. Upon request by the Corporation, if any Nominating Person provides notice pursuant to Rule&nbsp;14a-19(b)&nbsp;promulgated under
the Exchange Act, such Nominating Person shall deliver to the Corporation, no later than five (5)&nbsp;business days prior to the applicable
meeting, reasonable evidence that it has met the requirements of Rule&nbsp;14a-19(a)(3)&nbsp;promulgated under the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.3 <U>Quorum and Manner of
Acting</U>. A majority of the entire Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting. Action of the Board
shall be authorized by the vote of a majority of the directors present at the time of the vote if there is a quorum, unless otherwise
provided by law or these bylaws. In the absence of a quorum, a majority of the directors present may adjourn any meeting from time to
time until a quorum is present.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.4 <U>Place of Meetings</U>.
Meetings of the Board may be held in or outside Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.5 <U>Annual and Regular
Meetings</U>. Annual meetings of the Board, for the election of officers and consideration of other matters, shall be held either (a)&nbsp;without
notice immediately after the annual meeting of stockholders and at the same place, or (b)&nbsp;at such time and place as the chairman
of the Board shall determine, on notice as provided in Section&nbsp;2.7 of these bylaws. Regular meetings of the Board may be held without
notice at such times and places as the Board determines. If the day fixed for a regular meeting is a legal holiday, the meeting shall
be held on the next business day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.6 <U>Special Meetings</U>.
Special meetings of the Board may be called by the chief executive officer of the Corporation, by the chairman of the Board or by a majority
of the entire Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.7 <U>Notice of Meetings;
Waiver of Notice</U>. Notice of the time and place of each special meeting of the Board, and of each annual meeting not held immediately
after the annual meeting of stockholders and at the same place, shall be given to each director by mailing it to him at his residence
or usual place of business at least three days before the meeting, or by delivering it to him by electronic transmission at least two
days before the meeting. Notice of a special meeting shall also state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. Notice
need not be given to any director who submits a signed waiver of notice before or after the meeting or who attends the meeting without
protesting at the beginning of the meeting the transaction of any business because the meeting was not lawfully called or convened. Notice
of any adjourned meeting need not be given, other than by announcement at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.8 <U>Board or Committee
Action Without a Meeting</U>. Any action required or permitted to be taken by the Board or by any committee of the Board may be taken
without a meeting if all of the members of the Board or of the committee consent in writing to the adoption of a resolution authorizing
the action. The resolution and the written consents by the members of the Board or the committee shall be filed with the minutes of the
proceeding of the Board or of the committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.9 <U>Participation in Board
or Committee Meetings by Conference Telephone</U>. Any or all members of the Board or of any committee of the Board may participate in
a meeting of the Board or of the committee by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment allowing all persons
participating in the meeting to hear each other at the same time. Participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at the
meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.10 <U>Resignation and Removal
of Directors</U>. Any director may resign at any time by delivering his resignation in writing to the chief executive officer of the Corporation
or secretary of the Corporation, to take effect at the time specified in the resignation; the acceptance of a resignation, unless required
by its terms, shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any or all of the directors may be removed, but only for cause, by vote of
the stockholders at a meeting duly called for such purpose.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.11 <U>Vacancies</U>. Any
vacancy in the Board, including one created by an increase in the number of directors, may be filled for the unexpired term by a majority
vote of the remaining directors, though less than a quorum.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.12 <U>Compensation</U>.
Directors who are not executive officers of the Corporation shall receive such compensation as the Board determines, together with reimbursement
of their reasonable expenses in connection with the performance of their duties. Directors who are also executive officers of the Corporation
shall receive no additional compensation for service as directors. A director may also be paid for serving the Corporation, its affiliates
or subsidiaries in other capacities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">3. <U>COMMITTEES</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">3.1 <U>Executive Committee</U>.
The Board, by resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board, may designate an Executive Committee of one or more directors which
shall have such powers and duties as the Board shall determine, except as limited by section 141(c)&nbsp;of the Delaware General Corporation
Law or any other applicable law. The members of the Executive Committee shall serve at the pleasure of the Board. All action of the Executive
Committee shall be reported to the Board at its next meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">3.2 <U>Other Committees</U>.
The Board, by resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board, may designate other committees of one or more directors, which shall
serve at the Board&rsquo;s pleasure and have such powers and duties as the Board determines, except as limited by section 141(c)&nbsp;of
the Delaware General Corporation Law or any other applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">3.3 <U>Committees</U>. The
following committees are hereby created, with the powers and duties hereinafter set forth.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;<U>Compensation Committee</U>.
The Compensation Committee shall be comprised of two (2)&nbsp;or more directors (as set from time to time by resolution of a majority
of the entire Board). The Compensation Committee shall fix the compensation of the chief executive officer and such other executive officers
as it shall determine, shall administer any stock or other incentive compensation programs of the Corporation and shall have such other
powers and duties as may be determined by the Board from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;<U>Audit Committee</U>.
The Audit Committee shall be comprised of three (3)&nbsp;or more directors (as set from time to time by resolution of the majority of
the entire Board) who are not employees of the Corporation. The Audit Committee shall have full corporate power and authority to act in
respect of any matter which may develop or arise in connection with any audit or the maintenance of internal accounting controls or any
other matter relating to the Corporation&rsquo;s financial affairs. The Audit Committee shall review, at least once each fiscal year,
the services performed and to be performed by the Corporation&rsquo;s independent registered public accounting firm and the fees charged
therefor, and, in connection therewith, consider the effect of any nonaudit services on the independence of such firm. The Audit Committee
shall also review with the Corporation&rsquo;s independent registered public accounting firm and its internal auditor the general scope
of their respective audit coverages, the procedure and internal accounting controls adopted by the Corporation and any significant matters
encountered by any of them and shall have such other powers and duties as may be determined by the Board from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;<U>Governance Committee</U>.
The Governance Committee shall be comprised of two (2)&nbsp;or more directors (as set from time to time by resolution of a majority of
the entire Board). The Governance Committee shall provide to the Board its recommendations regarding individuals to be considered for
election as directors of the Corporation at meetings of the stockholders of the Corporation, shall address Board organizational issues
and develop and review corporate governance principles applicable to the Corporation and shall have such other powers and duties as may
be determined by the Board from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">3.4 <U>Rules&nbsp;Applicable
to Committees</U>. The Board, by vote of a majority of the entire Board, may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any
committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of any
member of a committee, the member or members present at a meeting of the committee and not disqualified, whether or not a quorum, may
unanimously appoint another director to act at the meeting in place of the absent or disqualified member. All action of a committee shall
be reported to the Board at its next meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">4. <U>OFFICERS</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.1 <U>Generally</U>. The
officers of the Corporation shall be chosen by the Board and shall include a chief executive officer and a secretary. The Corporation
may also have at the discretion of the Board or the chief executive officer such other officers as are desired, including without limitation
a president, one or more vice presidents and a treasurer and such other officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions
of Section&nbsp;4.3 hereof. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.2 <U>Election; Term of Office</U>.
The executive officers of the Corporation shall be elected annually by the Board, and each such officer shall hold office until the next
annual meeting of the Board, and until the election of his successor, subject to the provisions of Section&nbsp;4.4.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.3 <U>Subordinate Officers</U>.
The Board or the chief executive officer may appoint subordinate officers (including assistant secretaries and assistant treasurers),
agents or employees, each of whom shall hold office for such period and have such powers and duties as the Board or the chief executive
officer determines. The chief executive officer may delegate to any executive officer the power to appoint and define the powers and duties
of any subordinate officers, agents or employees.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.4 <U>Resignation and Removal
of Officers</U>. Any officer may resign at any time by delivering his resignation in writing to the chief executive officer or secretary
of the Corporation, to take effect at the time specified in the resignation; the acceptance of a resignation, unless required by its terms,
shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any officer appointed by the Board or appointed by an executive officer or by a committee
may be removed by the Board either with or without cause, and in the case of an officer appointed by an executive officer or by a committee,
by the officer or committee who appointed him or by the chief executive officer of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.5 <U>Vacancies</U>. A vacancy
in any office may be filled for the unexpired term in the manner prescribed in Section&nbsp;4.2 or 4.3 of these bylaws, as appropriate,
for election or appointment to the office.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.6 <U>Chief Executive Officer</U>.
The chief executive officer of the Corporation shall be in charge of the business and affairs of the Corporation and shall be its chief
policy making officer, subject to the powers of the Board. The chief executive officer of the Corporation shall see that all orders and
resolutions of the Board are carried into effect and shall perform such other duties and may exercise such other powers as may from time
to time be assigned to him by the Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.7 <U>Secretary</U>. The
secretary of the Corporation shall be the secretary of, and keep the minutes of, all meetings of the Board and of the stockholders, shall
be responsible for giving notice of all meetings of stockholders and of the Board, and shall keep the seal and, when appropriate, apply
it to any instrument requiring it. Subject to the control of the Board, he shall have such powers and duties as the Board or the chief
executive officer of the Corporation assigns to him. In the absence of the secretary of the Corporation from any meeting, the minutes
shall be kept by the person appointed for that purpose by the chairman of the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.8 <U>President</U>. The
president of the Corporation, if one is appointed, shall perform such duties and may exercise such powers as may from time to time be
assigned to him by the Board or the chief executive officer of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.9 <U>Vice President</U>.
Each vice president of the Corporation shall have such powers and duties as the chief executive officer of the Corporation assigns to
him.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.10 <U>Treasurer</U>. The
treasurer of the Corporation shall be in charge of the Corporation&rsquo;s books and accounts. The treasurer shall also perform such other
duties and may exercise such other powers as may from time to time be assigned to him by the chief executive officer of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.11 <U>Salaries</U>. Subject
to the provisions of Section&nbsp;3.3(a)&nbsp;hereof, the chief executive officer may fix the officers&rsquo; salaries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5. <U>SHARES</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.1 <U>Certificates</U>. The
Corporation&rsquo;s shares shall be represented by certificates in the form approved by the Board. Each certificate shall be signed by
the chief executive officer, the president or a vice president and by the secretary or an assistant secretary, or the treasurer or an
assistant treasurer, and shall be sealed with the Corporation&rsquo;s seal or a facsimile of the seal. Any or all of the signatures on
the certificate may be a facsimile.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.2 <U>Transfers</U>. Shares
shall be transferable on the Corporation&rsquo;s books only upon surrender of the certificate for the shares, properly endorsed. The Corporation
may require satisfactory surety before issuing a new certificate to replace a certificate claimed to have been lost or destroyed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.3 <U>Determination of Stockholders
of Record</U>. The Board may fix, in advance, a date as the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of or
to vote at any meeting of the stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or to receive payment of any dividend or the allotment of any rights,
or for the purpose of any other lawful action. The record date may not be more than 60 or less than 10 days before the date of the meeting
or more than 60 days before any other action. If no record date is fixed by the Board, then the record date shall be as provided by applicable
law. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment
of the meeting; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that the Board may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">6. <U>INDEMNIFICATION</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.1 <U>Indemnification of
Officers and Directors</U>. Each person who was or is made a party to, or is threatened to be made a party to, or is involved in any action,
suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a &ldquo;proceeding&rdquo;), by reason of the fact that
he or she (or a person of whom he or she is the legal representative), is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or a Reincorporated
Predecessor (as defined below) or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation or a Reincorporated Predecessor (as defined below)
as a director, officer or employee of another corporation, or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service
with respect to employee benefit plans, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by the
Delaware General Corporation Law, against all expenses, liability and loss (including attorneys&rsquo; fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise
taxes and penalties and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such person in connection therewith,
and such indemnification shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of his
or her heirs, executors and administrators; provided, however, that the Corporation shall indemnify any such person seeking indemnity
in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by
the Board. As used herein, the term &ldquo;Reincorporated Predecessor&rdquo; means a corporation that is merged with and into the Corporation
in a statutory merger where (a)&nbsp;the Corporation is the surviving corporation of such merger; (b)&nbsp;the primary purpose of such
merger is to change the corporate domicile of the Reincorporated Predecessor to Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.2 <U>Advancement of Expenses</U>.
The Corporation shall pay all expenses (including attorneys&rsquo; fees) incurred by such a director or officer in defending any such
proceeding as they are incurred in advance of its final disposition; provided, however, that if the Delaware General Corporation Law then
so requires, the payment of such expenses incurred by such a director or officer in advance of the final disposition of such proceeding
shall be made only upon delivery to the Corporation of an undertaking, by or on behalf of such director or officer, to repay all amounts
so advanced if it should be determined ultimately that such director or officer is not entitled to be indemnified under this Article&nbsp;6
or otherwise; and provided, further, that the Corporation shall not be required to advance any expenses to a person against whom the Corporation
directly brings a claim, in a proceeding, alleging that such person has breached his or her duty of loyalty to the Corporation, committed
an act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, or derived an improper personal
benefit from a transaction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.3 <U>Non-Exclusivity of
Rights</U>. The rights conferred on any person in this Article&nbsp;6 shall not be exclusive of any other rights that such person may
have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the certificate of incorporation, bylaw, agreement, vote or consent of stockholders
or disinterested directors, or otherwise. Such rights may be greater than those provided in these bylaws, the certificate of incorporation
or otherwise. Additionally, nothing in this Article&nbsp;6 shall limit the ability of the Corporation, in its discretion, to indemnify
or advance expenses to persons whom the Corporation is not obligated to indemnify or advance expenses pursuant to this Article&nbsp;6.
The Board shall have the power to delegate to such officer or other person as the Board shall specify the determination of whether indemnification
shall be given to any person pursuant to this Section&nbsp;6.3.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.4 <U>Effect of Amendment</U>.
Any amendment, repeal or modification of any provision of this Article&nbsp;6 shall be prospective only, and shall not adversely affect
any right or protection conferred on a person pursuant to this Article&nbsp;6 and existing at the time of such amendment, repeal or modification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">7. <U>MISCELLANEOUS</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">7.1 <U>Seal</U>. The Board
shall adopt a corporate seal, which shall be in the form of a circle and shall bear the Corporation&rsquo;s name and the year and state
in which it was incorporated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">7.2 <U>Fiscal Year</U>. The
Board may determine the Corporation&rsquo;s fiscal year. Until changed by the Board, the Corporation&rsquo;s fiscal year shall be the
calendar year.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">7.3 <U>Voting of Shares in
Other Corporations</U>. Shares in other corporations which are held by the Corporation may be represented and voted by the chief executive
officer, the president or a vice president of this Corporation or by proxy or proxies appointed by one of them. The Board may, however,
appoint some other person to vote the shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">7.4 <U>Amendments</U>. The
affirmative vote of a majority of the entire Board shall be required to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the Corporation&rsquo;s bylaws.
The Corporation&rsquo;s bylaws also may be adopted, amended, altered or repealed by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a
majority of the voting power of the shares entitled to vote at an election of directors, at a meeting duly called for such purpose.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">* * * * *</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-3.2
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>tm232710d1_ex3-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 3.2
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 3.2</B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="color: red"><B><STRIKE>SIXTH</STRIKE></B></FONT><B><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt; color: blue"><U>SEVENTH</U></FONT>
AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS <BR>
of</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B>VEECO INSTRUMENTS INC.
<BR>
(the &ldquo;Corporation&rdquo;)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B>(Effective January <FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>22</STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt; color: blue"><U>9</U></FONT>,
<FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>2021</STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt; color: blue"><U>2023</U></FONT>)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 10pt">1.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><U>MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS</U>.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.1 <U>Annual
Meetings</U>. The annual meeting of stockholders shall be held at a time determined by the board of directors (the &ldquo;Board&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.2 <U>Special
Meetings</U>. Special meetings of the stockholders may be called by resolution of the Board or by the chief executive officer and shall
be called by the chief executive officer or secretary upon the written request (stating the purpose or purposes of the meeting) of a majority
of the directors then in office or of the holders of 50% of the outstanding shares entitled to vote. Only business that is specified in
the notice of the meeting may be transacted at a special meeting of the stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.3 <U>Place and Time of
Meetings</U>. Meetings of the stockholders may be held in or outside Delaware at the place and time specified by the Board. The Board
may, in its sole discretion, determine that an annual or special meeting shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely
by means of remote communication as provided under the Delaware General Corporation Law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.4 <U>Notice of Meetings</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) Written
notice of each meeting of stockholders shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at the meeting, except that (a) it shall not
be necessary to give notice to any stockholder who submits a signed waiver of notice before or after the meeting, and (b) no notice of
an adjourned meeting need be given except when required by law or under Section 1.6 of these bylaws. Each notice of a meeting shall be
given, personally or by mail, not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the meeting and shall state the date, time and place, if any,
of the meeting, the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person
and vote at such meeting and, unless it is the annual meeting, shall state at whose direction or request the meeting is called and the
purposes for which it is called. The attendance of any stockholder at a meeting, without protesting at the beginning of the meeting that
the meeting is not lawfully called or convened, shall constitute a waiver of notice by him.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) Notice
of any meeting of stockholders, if mailed, is given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder
at his, her or its address as it appears on the records of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) Except
as otherwise prohibited by the Delaware General Corporation Law and without limiting the foregoing, any notice to stockholders given by
the Corporation under any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws shall be
effective if given by a form of electronic transmission consented to (and not properly revoked by written notice to the Corporation) by
the stockholder to whom the notice is given, to the extent that such consent is required by the Delaware General Corporation Law. Any
such consent shall be revocable by the stockholder by written notice to the Corporation. Any such consent shall be deemed revoked if (x)
the Corporation is unable to deliver by electronic transmission two (2) consecutive notices given by the Corporation in accordance with
such consent and (y) such inability becomes known to the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Corporation or to the transfer agent
of the Corporation, or other person responsible for the giving of notice; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that the inadvertent failure
to treat such inability as a revocation shall not invalidate any meeting or other action. Any such electronic notice shall be deemed given
(i) if by facsimile telecommunication, when directed to a number at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice; (ii) if by
electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice; (iii) if by a posting
on an electronic network together with separate notice to the stockholder of such specific posting, upon the later of (A) such posting
and (B) the giving of such separate notice; and (iv) if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the stockholder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d) For
the purposes of these bylaws, an &ldquo;electronic transmission&rdquo; means any form of communication, not directly involving the physical
transmission of paper, that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved and reviewed by a recipient thereof, and that may be directly
reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an automated process.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e) Except
as otherwise prohibited under the Delaware General Corporation Law and without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given
to stockholders, any notice to stockholders given by the Corporation under any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the
certificate of incorporation or these bylaws may be given by a single written notice to stockholders who share an address if consented
to by the stockholders at the address to whom such notice is given. Such consent shall have been deemed to have been given if a stockholder
fails to object in writing to the Corporation within sixty (60) days of having been given written notice by the Corporation of its intention
to send the single notice in accordance with this Section 1.4(e). Any such consent shall be revocable by the stockholders by written notice
to the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(f) An
affidavit of the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Corporation or of the transfer agent or other agent of the Corporation that
the notice has been given shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">1.5 <U>Nature of Business at Meetings of Stockholders</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) No General Business (as
defined below) may be transacted at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, other than General Business that is either (i) properly
brought before the meeting by the Corporation and specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction
of the Board (or any duly authorized committee thereof), (ii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of
the Board (or any duly authorized committee thereof) or (iii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by any stockholder of the
Corporation who (A) is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 1.5 and at the time
of the meeting, (B) is entitled to vote at such meeting, and (C) complies with this Section 1.5. Except for proposals properly made in
accordance with Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;), and included in the
notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the Board, the foregoing clause (iii) shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder
to propose General Business to be brought before an annual or special meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) &ldquo;General
Business&rdquo; is defined as any business brought before a meeting of stockholders other than director nominations. Matters pertaining
to director nominations are governed by Section 2.2 of these bylaws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) In
addition to any other applicable requirements, for General Business to be properly brought before an annual or special meeting by a stockholder,
such stockholder must (i) have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the secretary of the Corporation and (ii) provide
any updates or supplements to such notice at the times and in the forms required by this Section 1.5.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d) In
the case of an annual meeting, to be timely, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice to the secretary must be delivered to or mailed and received
at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than ninety (90) days nor more than one hundred and twenty (120) days prior
to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that in the event
that the annual meeting is called for a date that is not within thirty (30) days before or sixty (60) days after such anniversary date,
notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following
the day on which such notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or such public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting
was made, whichever first occurs. In the case of a special meeting, to be timely, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice to the secretary must be
so received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following
the day on which such notice of the date of the special meeting was mailed or such public disclosure of the date of the special meeting
was made, whichever first occurs. In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or special meeting or the announcement
thereof commence a new time period for the giving of timely notice as described above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e) To be in proper form
for purposes of this Section 1.5, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice to the secretary shall set forth:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i) <U>Stockholder
Information</U>: As to each Proposing Person (as defined below), (A) the name and address of such Proposing Person (including, if applicable,
the name and address that appear on the Corporation&rsquo;s books and records)<FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>&nbsp;and</STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; color: blue; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>,
</U></FONT>(B) the class or series and number of shares of the Corporation that are, directly or indirectly, owned of record or beneficially
owned (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) by such Proposing Person, except that such Proposing Person shall in
all events be deemed to beneficially own any shares of any class or series of the Corporation as to which such Proposing Person has a
right to acquire beneficial ownership at any time in the future <FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; color: blue; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>and
(C) a representation that such Proposing Person is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and
intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to propose such General Business </U></FONT>(the disclosures to be made pursuant
to the foregoing clauses (A) <FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>and</STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; color: blue; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>through
</U></FONT>(<FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>B</STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; color: blue; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>C</U></FONT>)
being referred to herein as &ldquo;Stockholder Information&rdquo;);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii) <U>Information
Regarding Disclosable Interests</U>: As to each Proposing Person, (A) any derivative, swap or other transaction or series of
transactions engaged in, directly or indirectly, by such Proposing Person, the purpose or effect of which is to give such Proposing
Person economic risk similar to ownership of shares of any class or series of the Corporation, including due to the fact that the
value of such derivative, swap or other transactions are determined by reference to the price, value or volatility of any shares of
any class or series of the Corporation, or which derivative, swap or other transactions provide, directly or indirectly, the
opportunity to profit from any increase in the price or value of shares of any class or series of the Corporation (&ldquo;Synthetic
Equity Interests&rdquo;), which such Synthetic Equity Interests shall be disclosed without regard as to whether (x) such derivative,
swap or other transactions convey any voting rights in such shares to such Proposing Person, (y) the derivative, swap or other
transactions are required to be, or are capable of being, settled through delivery of such shares or (z) such Proposing Person may
have entered into other transactions that hedge or mitigate the economic effect of such derivative, swap or other transactions
(&ldquo;Hedge Transactions&rdquo;), (B) any proxy (other than a revocable proxy or consent given in response to a solicitation made
pursuant to, and in accordance with, Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act by way of a solicitation statement filed on Schedule 14A),
agreement, arrangement, understanding or relationship pursuant to which such Proposing Person has or shares a right to vote any
shares of any class or series of the Corporation, (C) any agreement, arrangement, understanding or relationship, including any
repurchase or similar so-called &ldquo;stock borrowing&rdquo; agreement or arrangement, engaged in, directly or indirectly, by such
Proposing Person, the purpose or effect of which is to mitigate loss to, reduce the economic risk (of ownership or otherwise) of
shares of any class or series of the Corporation by, manage the risk of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting
power of, such Proposing Person with respect to the shares of any class or series of the Corporation, or that provides, directly or
indirectly, the opportunity to profit from any decrease in the price or value of the shares of any class or series of the
Corporation (&ldquo;Short Interests&rdquo;), (D) any rights to dividends on the shares of any class or series of the Corporation
owned beneficially by such Proposing Person that are separated or separable from the underlying shares of the Corporation, (E) any
performance related fees (other than an asset based fee) that such Proposing Person is entitled to based on any increase or decrease
in the price or value of shares of any class or series of the Corporation, or any Synthetic Equity Interests or Short Interests, if
any, (F) any Hedge Transactions and (G) any other information relating to such Proposing Person that would be required to be
disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies or consents by such
Proposing Person in support of the General Business proposed to be brought before the meeting pursuant to Section 14(a) of the
Exchange Act (the disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (A) through (<FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>F</STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt; color: blue"><U>G</U></FONT>)
being referred to herein as &ldquo;Disclosable Interests&rdquo;); <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that Disclosable Interests shall
not include any such disclosures with respect to the ordinary course business activities of any broker, dealer, commercial bank,
trust company or other nominee who is a Proposing Person solely as a result of being the stockholder directed to prepare and submit
the notice required by these bylaws on behalf of a beneficial owner; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii) <U>Description
of Proposed General Business</U>. As to each item of General Business that the stockholder proposes to bring before an annual or
special meeting, (A) a reasonably brief description of the General Business desired to be brought before such meeting, the reasons
for conducting such General Business at such meeting and any material interest in such General Business of each Proposing Person,
(B) the text of the proposal or General Business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration), and (C) a
reasonably detailed description of all agreements, arrangements and understandings (x) between or among any of the Proposing Persons
or (y) between or among any Proposing Person and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with the proposal
of such General Business by such stockholder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(f) At
the same time or prior to the submission of any stockholder proposal of General Business to be conducted at an annual or special meeting
that, if approved, could not be implemented by the Corporation without notifying or obtaining the consent or approval of any federal,
state, municipal or other regulatory body, the <FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>proponent stockholder or stockholders</STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt; color: blue"><U>Proposing
Person</U></FONT> shall submit to the secretary of the Corporation an analysis, satisfactory to the Board, demonstrating that the proposal
will have no material detrimental effect on the business and operations of the Corporation after making the requisite notices or obtaining
the requisite consents or approvals and after giving effect to the potential responses thereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(g) <U>Definition of
Proposing Person</U>. For purposes of this Section 1.5, the term &ldquo;Proposing Person&rdquo; shall mean (A) the stockholder
providing the notice of General Business proposed to be brought before an annual or special meeting, (B) the beneficial owner or
beneficial owners, if different, on whose behalf the notice of General Business proposed to be brought before the annual or special
meeting is made, and (C) any affiliate or associate (each within the meaning of Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act for purposes of
these bylaws) of such stockholder or beneficial owner<FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; color: blue; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"> <U>or
others acting in concert therewith</U></FONT>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(h) <U>Update
and Supplement of Stockholder Notice of Proposed General Business</U>. A stockholder providing notice of General Business proposed to
be brought before an annual or special meeting shall further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information
provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 1.5 shall be true and correct as of the record date for the
meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update
and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not
later than five (5) business days after the record date for the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made
as of the record date), and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date for the meeting, if practicable (or, if not practicable,
on the first practicable date prior to any adjournment or postponement thereof) (in the case of the update and supplement required to
be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i) No General Business
shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders except General Business brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures
set forth in this Section 1.5; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that, once General Business has been properly brought before the
meeting in accordance with such procedures, nothing in this Section 1.5 shall be deemed to preclude discussion by any stockholder of
any such General Business. <FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>If</STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; color: blue; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Except
as otherwise provided by law,</U></FONT> the chairman of the meeting <FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>determines
that</STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; color: blue; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>shall
have the power and duty to determine whether any General Business to be brought before the meeting was proposed in accordance with
the requirements and procedures set forth in this Section 1.5 and, in the event</U></FONT> any General Business was not <FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>properly
brought before the meeting in accordance with such procedures, the chairman shall declare to the meeting</STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; color: blue; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>proposed
in compliance with this Section 1.5, to declare</U></FONT> that such General <FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>Business was not
properly brought before the meeting and such General </STRIKE></FONT>Business shall not be transacted.<FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; color: blue; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 1.5, unless otherwise required by law, if the stockholder (or a qualified
representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present
such General Business, such General Business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have
been received by the Corporation. </U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(j)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
order for a stockholder to propose General Business at an annual or special meeting, he or she must comply with the procedures set forth
in this Section 1.5; however, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act, and the rules and
regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in these bylaws. Nothing in these bylaws shall be deemed to affect any rights
of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement or information statement pursuant to Rule
14a-8 of the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.6 <U>Quorum</U>.
At any meeting of stockholders, the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote shall
constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. In the absence of a quorum, any officer entitled to preside at or to act as secretary
of such meeting or a majority in voting interest of those stockholders present in person or by proxy may adjourn the meeting until a
quorum is present. At any adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present, any action may be taken that might have been taken at the meeting
as originally called. No notice of an adjourned meeting need be given if the date, time and place, if any, thereof, and the means of
remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned
meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken except that, if adjournment is for more than thirty days or if,
after the adjournment, a new record date is fixed for the meeting, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given pursuant to Section
1.4. Shares of the Corporation&rsquo;s stock belonging to the Corporation (or to another corporation, if a majority of the shares entitled
to vote in the election of directors of such other corporation are held, directly or indirectly, by the Corporation), shall neither be
entitled to vote nor be counted for quorum purposes; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that the foregoing shall not limit the right of
the Corporation or any other corporation to vote any shares of the Corporation&rsquo;s stock held by it in a fiduciary capacity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.7 <U>Voting;
Proxies</U>. Each stockholder of record shall be entitled to one vote for every share of stock held by such stockholder of record according
to the records of the Corporation. Corporate action to be taken by stockholder vote, other than the election of directors, shall be authorized
by a majority of the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders, except as otherwise provided by law<FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt; color: blue"><U>,
the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws or the rules and regulations of any stock exchange applicable to the Corporation, in
which case such different or minimum vote shall be the applicable vote on the matter</U></FONT>. Directors shall be elected in the manner
provided in Section 2.1 of these bylaws. Voting need not be by ballot unless ordered by the chairman of the meeting; however, all elections
of directors shall be by written ballot, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation. Each stockholder entitled to vote
at any meeting of stockholders or to express consent to or dissent from corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize another
person to act for him by proxy. Every proxy must be signed by the stockholder or his attorney-in-fact. No proxy shall be valid after three
years from its date unless it provides otherwise. <FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt; color: blue"><U>Any stockholder directly
or indirectly soliciting proxies from other stockholders must use a proxy card color other than white, which shall be reserved for exclusive
use by the Board. </U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.8 <U>List
of Stockholders</U>. Not less than 10 days prior to the date of any meeting of stockholders, the secretary of the Corporation shall prepare
a complete list of stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order and showing the address of each stockholder
and the number of shares registered in his name. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder for any purpose germane
to the meeting for a period of not less than 10 days prior to such meeting, (a) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided
that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (b) during ordinary business
hours, either (i) at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, if such place shall have been specified in the notice of
the meeting, or (ii) if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. In the event that the Corporation determines to
make the list available on an electronic network, the Corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available
only to the stockholders of the Corporation. If the meeting is to be held at a place (rather than solely by means of remote communication),
then the list shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof and may be inspected by any
stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote communication, then the list shall also be open to
the examination of any stockholder during the whole time thereof on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required
to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting. Except as otherwise provided by law, such list shall be the only
evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the list of stockholders required by this Section 1.8 or to vote in person
or by proxy at any meeting of the stockholders. The Corporation shall not be required to include electronic mail addresses or other electronic
contact information on such list.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.9 <U>Action
by Consent Without a Meeting</U>. No action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of stockholders may be taken by written consent
without a meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 10pt">2.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><U>BOARD OF DIRECTORS</U>.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 2pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.1 <U>Number,
Qualification, Election and Term of Directors</U>. The business of the Corporation shall be managed by the Board. The Board shall consist
of not less than three nor more than eleven members, the exact number of which shall be determined from time to time by resolution adopted
by a majority vote of the directors then serving, but no decrease in the number of directors that constitutes the Board may shorten the
term of any incumbent director. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock to elect additional directors under
specified circumstances, the directors shall be divided into three (3) classes designated as Class I, Class II and Class III, respectively,
as nearly equal in size as possible. Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, directors shall be elected at each
annual meeting of stockholders and shall hold office for a full term of three (3) years to succeed the directors of the class whose terms
expire at such annual meeting. Each director shall also serve until the election and qualification of their respective successors, subject
to the provisions of Section 2.10. As used in these bylaws, the term &ldquo;entire Board&rdquo; means the total number of directors which
the Corporation would have if there were no vacancies on the Board. Except as provided in Section 2.11 of these Bylaws, each director
shall be elected by the vote of a majority of the votes cast with respect to the director at any meeting for the election of directors
at which a quorum is present, provided that if the number of nominees exceeds the number of directors to be elected, the directors shall
be elected by the vote of a plurality of the shares represented in person or by proxy at any such meeting and entitled to vote on the
election of directors. For purposes of this paragraph, a majority of the votes cast means that the number of shares voted &ldquo;for&rdquo;
a director must exceed 50% of the votes cast with respect to that director. The votes cast shall include votes to withhold authority
in each case and exclude abstentions with respect to that director&rsquo;s election.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">2.2 <U>Nomination of Directors</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 1pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) Only persons
who are nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as directors of the Corporation, except
as may be otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation with respect to the right of holders of preferred stock of the
Corporation, if any, to nominate and elect a specified number of directors in certain circumstances. Nominations of persons for
election to the Board may be made at any annual meeting of stockholders, or at any special meeting of stockholders called for the
purpose of electing directors, (i) by or at the direction of the Board (or any duly authorized committee thereof) or (ii) by any
stockholder of the Corporation who (A) is a stockholder of record (and, with respect to any beneficial owner, if different, on whose
behalf such nomination is proposed to be made, only if such beneficial owner is the beneficial owner of shares of the Corporation)
both on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 2.2 and at the time of the meeting<FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt; color: blue"><U>
(and any postponement or adjournment thereof)</U></FONT>, (B) is entitled to vote at such meeting, and (C) complies with this
Section 2.2. The foregoing clause (ii) shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to make any nomination of a person or persons
for election to the Board at an annual or special meeting of stockholders. A stockholder <FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>who
complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.2 is permitted to present the nomination at the meeting of
stockholders but is not entitled to have a nominee included in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement in the absence of an
applicable rule of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission requiring the Corporation to include a director nomination made by a
stockholder in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement or information statement.</STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt; color: blue"><U>may
not nominate a greater number of nominees than the number to be elected at the annual meeting. </U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 1pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)
In addition to any other applicable requirements, for a nomination to be made by a stockholder, such stockholder must
have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the secretary of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 1pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) In the case
of an annual meeting, to be timely, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice to the secretary (i) must be delivered to or mailed and received at
the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than ninety (90) days nor more than one hundred and twenty (120) days
prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that in
the event that the annual meeting is called for a date that is not within thirty (30) days before or sixty (60) days after such
anniversary date, notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the
tenth (10th) day following the day on which such notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or such public disclosure of
the date of the annual meeting was made, whichever first occurs and (ii) must be updated or supplemented at the times and in the
forms required by this Section 2.2. In the case of a special meeting, to be timely, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice to the secretary
must be so received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th)
day following the day on which such notice of the date of the special meeting was mailed or such public disclosure of the date of
the special meeting was made, whichever first occurs and (ii) must be updated or supplemented at the times and in the forms required
by this Section 2.2. In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or special meeting or the announcement
thereof commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder&rsquo;s notice as described above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 1pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 1pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 1pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d) To be in proper form for
purposes of this Section 2.2, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice to the secretary shall set forth:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i) <U>Stockholder
Information</U>. As to each Nominating Person (as defined below), the Stockholder Information (as defined in Section 1.5, except
that for purposes of this Section 2.2, the term &ldquo;Nominating Person&rdquo; shall be substituted for the term &ldquo;Proposing
Person&rdquo;);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii) <U>Information
Regarding Disclosable Interests</U>. As to each Nominating Person, any Disclosable Interests (as defined in Section 1.5, except that
for purposes of this Section 2.2 the term &ldquo;Nominating Person&rdquo; shall be substituted for the term &ldquo;Proposing
Person&rdquo;, and the disclosure in clause (G) of such definition of Disclosable Interests shall be made with respect to the
election of directors at the meeting); <FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>and </STRIKE></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii) <U>Information
Regarding Proposed Nominees</U>. As to each person whom a Nominating Person proposes to nominate for election as a director, (A) all
information with respect to such proposed nominee that would be required to be set forth in a stockholder&rsquo;s notice pursuant to
this Section 2.2 if such proposed nominee were a Nominating Person, (B) all information relating to such proposed nominee that is
required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for
election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section 14(a) under the Exchange Act (including such proposed
nominee&rsquo;s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected), and (C)
a description of all direct and indirect <FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>compensation and other material
monetary</STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; color: blue; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>compensatory,
reimbursement, indemnification, payment or other</U></FONT> agreements, arrangements <FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>and</STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; color: blue; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>or</U> </FONT>understandings
during the past three years, and any other material relationships, between or among any Nominating Person, on the one hand, and each
proposed nominee, his or her respective affiliates and associates, on the other hand, including, without limitation, all information
that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 under Regulation S-K if such Nominating Person were the
 &ldquo;registrant&rdquo; for purposes of such rule and the proposed nominee were a director or executive officer of such
registrant<FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>.</STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; color: blue; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>;</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; color: blue"><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>(iv) Intention
to Solicit. In the event the Nominating Person intends to solicit proxies in support of nominees other than the Corporation&rsquo;s
nominees, a representation that the Nominating Person intends to solicit the holders of at least sixty-seven percent (67%) of the
Corporation&rsquo;s outstanding capital stock entitled to vote on the election of directors in support of nominees other than the
Corporation&rsquo;s nominees; and </U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; color: blue">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; color: blue"><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>(v)
Rule 14a-19.
A representation whether the Nominating Person intends to solicit proxies or votes in support of the nominee in accordance with Rule
14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act. </U></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 2pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Other
Information to be Furnished by Proposed Nominees</U>. Any proposed nominee must deliver (in accordance with the time periods
prescribed for delivery of a stockholder&rsquo;s notice under Section 2.2(c)) to the secretary at the principal executive offices of
the Corporation a written agreement, representing, warranting and covenanting that such proposed nominee (<FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>x</STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; color: blue; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>w</U></FONT>)
is not, and will not become, a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given and will not give any
commitment or assurance to, any person or entity, (1) as to how such proposed nominee, if elected as a director of the Corporation,
will act or vote on any issue or question that has not been disclosed to the Corporation or (2) that could limit or interfere with
such proposed nominee&rsquo;s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Corporation, with such proposed nominee&rsquo;s
fiduciary duties under applicable law, (<FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>y</STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; color: blue; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>x</U></FONT>)
is not, and will not become, a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the
Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or
action as a director that has not been disclosed to the Corporation<FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; color: blue; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>,
(y) represents that such proposed nominee will, upon request of the Corporation, participate in one or more interviews with one or
more directors within 10 calendar days after being requested to do so</U> </FONT>and (z) will comply, if elected as a director of
the Corporation, with all corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and
guidelines of the Corporation publicly disclosed or otherwise applicable to the Corporation&rsquo;s directors. In addition, the
Corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish, in each case within five business days of the Corporation&rsquo;s request,
such other information as the Corporation may reasonably request, including without limitation, (A) as may be required by the
Corporation&rsquo;s directors&rsquo; and officers&rsquo; questionnaire, (B) as may reasonably be required by the Corporation to
determine the qualifications of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation, (C) as may reasonably be required
by the Corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as an independent director of the Corporation in
accordance with the Corporation&rsquo;s Corporate Governance Guidelines or (D) that could be material to a reasonable
stockholder&rsquo;s understanding of the qualifications of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation or the
independence or lack of independence of such proposed nominee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 1pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(f) <U>Definition
of Nominating Person</U>. For purposes of this Section 2.2, the term &ldquo;Nominating Person&rdquo; shall mean (A) the stockholder
providing the notice of the nomination proposed to be made at the meeting, (B) the beneficial owner or beneficial owners, if
different, on whose behalf the notice of the nomination proposed to be made at the meeting is made, and (C) any affiliate or
associate of such stockholder or beneficial owner<FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; color: blue; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>
or others acting in concert therewith</U></FONT>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 1pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(g) <U>Update
and Supplement of Stockholder Notice of Nominations</U>. A stockholder providing notice of any nomination proposed to be made at a
meeting shall further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided
in such notice pursuant to this Section 2.2 shall be true and correct as of the record date for the meeting and as of the date that
is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be
delivered to, or mailed and received by, the secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than five (5)
business days after the record date for the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record
date), and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date for the meeting, if practicable (or, if not practicable, on the
first practicable date prior to any adjournment or postponement thereof) (in the case of the update and supplement required to be
made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof).<FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; color: blue; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>
In the event that a stockholder providing notice no longer intends to solicit proxies in accordance with Rule 14a-19, such
stockholder shall provide notice to the Corporation of such intention as promptly as practicable, but in no event later than would
be otherwise required under this Section 2.2(g). </U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 1pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(h) In order for
a stockholder to nominate a candidate to the Board of Directors at an annual or special meeting, he or she must comply with the
procedures set forth in this Section 2.2; however, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange
Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in these bylaws<FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; color: blue; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"> <U>(including
Rule 14a-19 of the Exchange Act)</U></FONT>. Nothing in these bylaws shall be deemed to affect any rights of stockholders to request
inclusion of proposals in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement pursuant to <FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>applicable rules and
regulations</STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; color: blue; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>and
in compliance with Rule 14a-8 promulgated</U></FONT> under the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i) A
stockholder providing notice of any nomination proposed to be made shall indemnify the Corporation in respect of any loss arising as a
result of any false or misleading information or statement submitted by the nominating stockholder in connection with the nomination,
as provided by Section 112(5) of the Delaware General Corporation Law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(j) No person shall be
eligible for election as a director of the Corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section
2.2. <FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>If</STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt; color: blue"><U>Except
as otherwise provided by law,</U></FONT> the chairman of the meeting <FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>determines
that</STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt; color: blue"><U>shall
have the power and duty to determine whether</U></FONT> a nomination <FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt; color: blue"><U>to
be brought before the meeting</U></FONT> was <FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>not </STRIKE></FONT>made in accordance with the <FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>foregoing</STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt; color: blue"><U>requirements
and</U></FONT> procedures<FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>, the chairman shall declare to the meeting that the nomination was
defective and such defective nomination shall be disregarded. </STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt; color: blue"><U>set
forth in this Section 2.2 (including whether the stockholder or beneficial owner or others acting in concert therewith, if any, on
whose behalf the nomination is made solicited (or is part of a group which solicited) or did not so solicit, as the case may be,
proxies in support of such stockholder&rsquo;s nominee in compliance with such stockholder&rsquo;s representations as required by
this Section 2.2) and, in the event any proposed nomination was not so made in compliance with this Section 2.2, to declare that
such nomination shall be disregarded. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.2, unless otherwise required by
law, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of
stockholders of the Corporation to present a nomination, such nomination shall be disregarded, notwithstanding that proxies in
respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation. </U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; color: blue">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; color: blue"><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Notwithstanding
the provisions of this Section 2.2, unless otherwise required by law, (i) no Nominating Person giving notice shall solicit proxies in
support of director nominees other than the Corporation&rsquo;s nominees unless such Nominating Person has complied with Rule 14a-19 promulgated
under the Exchange Act and (ii) if any Nominating Person giving notice (1) provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) promulgated under
the Exchange Act and (2) subsequently fails to comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(2) and Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under
the Exchange Act, then the Corporation shall disregard any proxies or votes solicited for any persons nominated by such Nominating Person.
Upon request by the Corporation, if any Nominating Person provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act,
such Nominating Person shall deliver to the Corporation, no later than five (5) business days prior to the applicable meeting, reasonable
evidence that it has met the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act.</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.3 <U>Quorum
and Manner of Acting</U>. A majority of the entire Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting. Action
of the Board shall be authorized by the vote of a majority of the directors present at the time of the vote if there is a quorum, unless
otherwise provided by law or these bylaws. In the absence of a quorum, a majority of the directors present may adjourn any meeting from
time to time until a quorum is present.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.4 <U>Place
of Meetings</U>. Meetings of the Board may be held in or outside Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.5 <U>Annual
and Regular Meetings</U>. Annual meetings of the Board, for the election of officers and consideration of other matters, shall be held
either (a) without notice immediately after the annual meeting of stockholders and at the same place, or (b) at such time and place as
the chairman of the <FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>board</STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt; color: blue"><U>Board</U></FONT>
shall determine, on notice as provided in Section 2.7 of these bylaws. Regular meetings of the Board may be held without notice at such
times and places as the Board determines. If the day fixed for a regular meeting is a legal holiday, the meeting shall be held on the
next business day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.6 <U>Special
Meetings</U>. Special meetings of the Board may be called by the chief executive officer of the Corporation, by the <FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt; color: blue"><U>chairman</U></FONT>
of the Board or by a majority of the entire Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.7 <U>Notice
of Meetings; Waiver of Notice</U>. Notice of the time and place of each special meeting of the Board, and of each annual meeting not held
immediately after the annual meeting of stockholders and at the same place, shall be given to each director by mailing it to him at his
residence or usual place of business at least three days before the meeting, or by delivering it to him by electronic transmission at
least two days before the meeting. Notice of a special meeting shall also state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called.
Notice need not be given to any director who submits a signed waiver of notice before or after the meeting or who attends the meeting
without protesting at the beginning of the meeting the transaction of any business because the meeting was not lawfully called or convened.
Notice of any adjourned meeting need not be given, other than by announcement at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.8 <U>Board
or Committee Action Without a Meeting</U>. Any action required or permitted to be taken by the Board or by any committee of the Board
may be taken without a meeting if all of the members of the Board or of the committee consent in writing to the adoption of a resolution
authorizing the action. The resolution and the written consents by the members of the Board or the committee shall be filed with the minutes
of the proceeding of the Board or of the committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.9 <U>Participation
in Board or Committee Meetings by Conference Telephone</U>. Any or all members of the Board or of any committee of the Board may participate
in a meeting of the Board or of the committee by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment allowing all persons
participating in the meeting to hear each other at the same time. Participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at the
meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.10 <U>Resignation
and Removal of Directors</U>. Any director may resign at any time by delivering his resignation in writing to the chief executive officer
of the Corporation or secretary of the Corporation, to take effect at the time specified in the resignation; the acceptance of a resignation,
unless required by its terms, shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any or all of the directors may be removed, but only for cause,
by vote of the stockholders at a meeting duly called for such purpose.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.11 <U>Vacancies</U>.
Any vacancy in the Board, including one created by an increase in the number of directors, may be filled for the unexpired term by a majority
vote of the remaining directors, though less than a quorum.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.12 <U>Compensation</U>.
Directors who are not executive officers of the Corporation shall receive such compensation as the Board determines, together with
reimbursement of their reasonable expenses in connection with the performance of their duties. Directors who are also executive
officers of the Corporation shall receive no additional compensation for service as directors. A director may also be paid for
serving the Corporation, its affiliates or subsidiaries in other capacities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 10pt">3.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">COMMITTEES.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">3.1 <U>Executive
Committee</U>. The Board, by resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board, may designate an Executive Committee of one or more
directors which shall have such powers and duties as the Board shall determine, except as limited by section 141(c) of the Delaware General
Corporation Law or any other applicable law. The members of the Executive Committee shall serve at the pleasure of the Board. All action
of the Executive Committee shall be reported to the Board at its next meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">3.2 <U>Other
Committees</U>. The Board, by resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board, may designate other committees of one or more directors,
which shall serve at the Board&rsquo;s pleasure and have such powers and duties as the Board determines, except as limited by section
141(c) of the Delaware General Corporation Law or any other applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">3.3 <U>Committees</U>. The
following committees are hereby created, with the powers and duties hereinafter set forth.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) <U>Compensation
Committee</U>. The Compensation Committee shall be comprised of two (2) or more directors (as set from time to time by resolution of a
majority of the entire Board). The Compensation Committee shall fix the compensation of the chief executive officer and such other executive
officers as it shall determine, shall administer any stock or other incentive compensation programs of the Corporation and shall have
such other powers and duties as may be determined by the Board from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) <U>Audit
Committee</U>. The Audit Committee shall be comprised of three (3) or more directors (as set from time to time by resolution of the majority
of the entire Board) who are not employees of the Corporation. The Audit Committee shall have full corporate power and authority to act
in respect of any matter which may develop or arise in connection with any audit or the maintenance of internal accounting controls or
any other matter relating to the Corporation&rsquo;s financial affairs. The Audit Committee shall review, at least once each fiscal year,
the services performed and to be performed by the Corporation&rsquo;s independent registered public accounting firm and the fees charged
therefor, and, in connection therewith, consider the effect of any nonaudit services on the independence of such firm. The Audit Committee
shall also review with the Corporation&rsquo;s independent registered public accounting firm and its internal auditor the general scope
of their respective audit coverages, the procedure and internal accounting controls adopted by the Corporation and any significant matters
encountered by any of them and shall have such other powers and duties as may be determined by the Board from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c) <U>Governance
Committee</U>. The Governance Committee shall be comprised of two (2) or more directors (as set from time to time by resolution of a majority
of the entire Board). The Governance Committee shall provide to the Board its recommendations regarding individuals to be considered for
election as directors of the Corporation at meetings of the stockholders of the Corporation, shall address Board organizational issues
and develop and review corporate governance principles applicable to the Corporation and shall have such other powers and duties as may
be determined by the Board from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">3.4 <U>Rules Applicable to
Committees</U>. The Board, by vote of a majority of the entire Board, may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any
committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of any
member of a committee, the member or members present at a meeting of the committee and not disqualified, whether or not a quorum, may
unanimously appoint another director to act at the meeting in place of the absent or disqualified member. All action of a committee shall
be reported to the Board at its next meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>OFFICERS</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.1 <U>Generally</U>.
The officers of the Corporation shall be chosen by the Board and shall include a chief executive officer and a secretary. The Corporation
may also have at the discretion of the Board or the <FONT STYLE="color: red"><STRIKE>Chief Executive Officer</STRIKE></FONT><FONT STYLE="text-underline-style: double; border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt; color: blue"><U>chief
executive officer</U></FONT> such other officers as are desired, including without limitation a president, one or more vice presidents
and a treasurer and such other officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 4.3 hereof. Any two or more offices
may be held by the same person.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.2 <U>Election;
Term of Office</U>. The executive officers of the Corporation shall be elected annually by the Board, and each such officer shall hold
office until the next annual meeting of the Board, and until the election of his successor, subject to the provisions of Section 4.4.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.3 <U>Subordinate
Officers</U>. The Board or the chief executive officer may appoint subordinate officers (including assistant secretaries and assistant
treasurers), agents or employees, each of whom shall hold office for such period and have such powers and duties as the Board or the chief
executive officer determines. The chief executive officer may delegate to any executive officer the power to appoint and define the powers
and duties of any subordinate officers, agents or employees.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.4 <U>Resignation
and Removal of Officers</U>. Any officer may resign at any time by delivering his resignation in writing to the chief executive officer
or secretary of the Corporation, to take effect at the time specified in the resignation; the acceptance of a resignation, unless required
by its terms, shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any officer appointed by the Board or appointed by an executive officer or
by a committee may be removed by the Board either with or without cause, and in the case of an officer appointed by an executive officer
or by a committee, by the officer or committee who appointed him or by the chief executive officer of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.5 <U>Vacancies</U>.
A vacancy in any office may be filled for the unexpired term in the manner prescribed in Section 4.2 or 4.3 of these bylaws, as appropriate,
for election or appointment to the office.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.6 <U>Chief
Executive Officer</U>. The chief executive officer of the Corporation shall be in charge of the business and affairs of the Corporation
and shall be its chief policy making officer, subject to the powers of the Board. The chief executive officer of the Corporation shall
see that all orders and resolutions of the Board are carried into effect and shall perform such other duties and may exercise such other
powers as may from time to time be assigned to him by the Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.7 <U>Secretary</U>.
The secretary of the Corporation shall be the secretary of, and keep the minutes of, all meetings of the Board and of the stockholders,
shall be responsible for giving notice of all meetings of stockholders and of the Board, and shall keep the seal and, when appropriate,
apply it to any instrument requiring it. Subject to the control of the Board, he shall have such powers and duties as the Board or the
chief executive officer of the Corporation assigns to him. In the absence of the secretary of the Corporation from any meeting, the minutes
shall be kept by the person appointed for that purpose by the chairman of the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.8 <U>President</U>.
The president of the Corporation, if one is appointed, shall perform such duties and may exercise such powers as may from time to
time be assigned to him by the Board or the chief executive officer of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.9 <U>Vice
President</U>. Each vice president of the Corporation shall have such powers and duties as the chief executive officer of the Corporation
assigns to him.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.10 <U>Treasurer</U>.
The treasurer of the Corporation shall be in charge of the Corporation&rsquo;s books and accounts. The treasurer shall also perform such
other duties and may exercise such other powers as may from time to time be assigned to him by the chief executive officer of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.11 <U>Salaries</U>.
Subject to the provisions of Section 3.3(a) hereof, the chief executive officer may fix the officers&rsquo; salaries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5. <U>SHARES</U>.</P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.1 <U>Certificates</U>.
The Corporation&rsquo;s shares shall be represented by certificates in the form approved by the Board. Each certificate shall be
signed by the chief executive officer, the president or a vice president and by the secretary or an assistant secretary, or the
treasurer or an assistant treasurer, and shall be sealed with the Corporation&rsquo;s seal or a facsimile of the seal. Any or all of
the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.2 <U>Transfers</U>.
Shares shall be transferable on the Corporation&rsquo;s books only upon surrender of the certificate for the shares, properly endorsed.
The Corporation may require satisfactory surety before issuing a new certificate to replace a certificate claimed to have been lost or
destroyed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.3 <U>Determination
of Stockholders of Record</U>. The Board may fix, in advance, a date as the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled
to notice of or to vote at any meeting of the stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or to receive payment of any dividend or the allotment
of any rights, or for the purpose of any other lawful action. The record date may not be more than 60 or less than 10 days before the
date of the meeting or more than 60 days before any other action. If no record date is fixed by the Board, then the record date shall
be as provided by applicable law. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders
shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that the Board may fix a new record date for the adjourned
meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">6. <U>INDEMNIFICATION</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.1 <U>Indemnification
of Officers and Directors</U>. Each person who was or is made a party to, or is threatened to be made a party to, or is involved in any
action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a &ldquo;proceeding&rdquo;), by reason of the fact
that he or she (or a person of whom he or she is the legal representative), is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or a Reincorporated
Predecessor (as defined below) or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation or a Reincorporated Predecessor (as defined below)
as a director, officer or employee of another corporation, or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service
with respect to employee benefit plans, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by the
Delaware General Corporation Law, against all expenses, liability and loss (including attorneys&rsquo; fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise
taxes and penalties and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such person in connection therewith,
and such indemnification shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of his
or her heirs, executors and administrators; provided, however, that the Corporation shall indemnify any such person seeking indemnity
in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by
the Board. As used herein, the term &ldquo;Reincorporated Predecessor&rdquo; means a corporation that is merged with and into the Corporation
in a statutory merger where (a) the Corporation is the surviving corporation of such merger; (b) the primary purpose of such merger is
to change the corporate domicile of the Reincorporated Predecessor to Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.2 <U>Advancement
of Expenses</U>. The Corporation shall pay all expenses (including attorneys&rsquo; fees) incurred by such a director or officer in defending
any such proceeding as they are incurred in advance of its final disposition; provided, however, that if the Delaware General Corporation
Law then so requires, the payment of such expenses incurred by such a director or officer in advance of the final disposition of such
proceeding shall be made only upon delivery to the Corporation of an undertaking, by or on behalf of such director or officer, to repay
all amounts so advanced if it should be determined ultimately that such director or officer is not entitled to be indemnified under this
Article 6 or otherwise; and provided, further, that the Corporation shall not be required to advance any expenses to a person against
whom the Corporation directly brings a claim, in a proceeding, alleging that such person has breached his or her duty of loyalty to the
Corporation, committed an act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, or
derived an improper personal benefit from a transaction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.3 <U>Non-Exclusivity
of Rights</U>. The rights conferred on any person in this Article 6 shall not be exclusive of any other rights that such person may
have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the certificate of incorporation, bylaw, agreement, vote or consent of
stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise. Such rights may be greater than those provided in these bylaws, the
certificate of incorporation or otherwise. Additionally, nothing in this Article 6 shall limit the ability of the Corporation, in
its discretion, to indemnify or advance expenses to persons whom the Corporation is not obligated to indemnify or advance expenses
pursuant to this Article 6. The Board shall have the power to delegate to such officer or other person as the Board shall specify
the determination of whether indemnification shall be given to any person pursuant to this Section 6.3.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.4 <U>Effect
of Amendment</U>. Any amendment, repeal or modification of any provision of this Article 6 shall be prospective only, and shall not adversely
affect any right or protection conferred on a person pursuant to this Article 6 and existing at the time of such amendment, repeal or
modification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">7. <U>MISCELLANEOUS</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">7.1 <U>Seal</U>.
The Board shall adopt a corporate seal, which shall be in the form of a circle and shall bear the Corporation&rsquo;s name and the year
and state in which it was incorporated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">7.2 <U>Fiscal
Year</U>. The Board may determine the Corporation&rsquo;s fiscal year. Until changed by the Board, the Corporation&rsquo;s fiscal year
shall be the calendar year.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">7.3 <U>Voting
of Shares in Other Corporations</U>. Shares in other corporations which are held by the Corporation may be represented and voted by the
chief executive officer, the president or a vice president of this Corporation or by proxy or proxies appointed by one of them. The Board
may, however, appoint some other person to vote the shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">7.4 <U>Amendments</U>.
The affirmative vote of a majority of the entire Board shall be required to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the Corporation&rsquo;s bylaws.
The Corporation&rsquo;s bylaws also may be adopted, amended, altered or repealed by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a
majority of the voting power of the shares entitled to vote at an election of directors, at a meeting duly called for such purpose.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">* * * * *</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>veco-20230109_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.22.4</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140122640534832">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 09, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jan.  09,  2023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--12-31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">0-16244<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">VEECO INSTRUMENTS INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000103145<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">11-2989601<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">Terminal Drive<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Plainview<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">NY<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">11803<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">516<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">677-0200<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">VECO<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
