Commercial Mortgage and Subordinate Loans, Net

The Company’s loan portfolio was comprised of the following at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 ($ in thousands):



Loan Type	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Commercial mortgage loans, net	$	3,724,221	$	2,653,826
Subordinate loans, net	1,142,514		1,025,932
Total loans, net	$	4,866,735	$	3,679,758

The Company's loan portfolio consisted of 91% and 88% floating rate loans, based on amortized cost, as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Activity relating to our loan investment portfolio was as follows ($ in thousands):



	Principal Balance			Deferred Fees/Other Items ⁽¹⁾			Provision for Loan Loss ⁽²⁾			Carrying Value
December 31, 2017	$	3,706,169		$	(9,430	)	$	(16,981	)	$	3,679,758
New loan fundings	1,477,473			—			—			1,477,473
Add-on loan fundings ⁽³⁾	103,784			—			—			103,784
Loan repayments	(375,708		)	—			—			(375,708		)
Unrealized gain (loss) on foreign currency translation	(25,539		)	216			—			(25,323		)
Provision for loan loss ⁽²⁾	—			—			(5,000		)	(5,000		)
Deferred fees and other items ⁽¹⁾	—			(20,607		)	—			(20,607		)
PIK interest, amortization of fees and other items ⁽¹⁾	19,695			12,663			—			32,358
June 30, 2018	$	4,905,874		$	(17,158	)	$	(21,981	)	$	4,866,735

———————

(1) Other items primarily consist of purchase discounts or premiums, exit fees and deferred origination expenses.

(2) In addition to the $22.0 million provision for loan loss, the Company recorded an impairment of $3.0 million against an investment previously recorded under other assets on the Company's consolidated balance sheet.

(3) Represents fundings for loans closed prior to 2018.

The following table details overall statistics for our loan portfolio ($ in thousands):



	June 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Number of loans	70			59
Principal balance	$	4,905,874		$	3,706,169
Carrying value	$	4,866,735		$	3,679,758
Unfunded loan commitments⁽¹⁾	$	818,095		$	435,627
Weighted-average cash coupon ⁽²⁾	8.1		%	8.4		%

———————


(1)	Unfunded loan commitments are primarily funded to finance property improvements or lease-related expenditures by the borrowers. These future commitments are funded over the term of each loan, subject in certain cases to an expiration date.


(2)	For floating rate loans, based on applicable benchmark rates as of the specified dates.

The table below details the property type of the properties securing the loans in our portfolio ($ in thousands):



	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Property Type	Carrying Value	% of Portfolio	Carrying Value	% of Portfolio
Hotel	$1,137,737	23.4%	$645,056	17.6%
Residential-for-sale: inventory ⁽¹⁾	616,608	12.7%	92,438	2.5%
Residential-for-sale: construction ⁽¹⁾	333,884	6.8%	349,739	9.5%
Urban Predevelopment	724,366	14.9%	654,736	17.8%
Office	603,947	12.4%	513,830	14.0%
Multifamily	449,414	9.2%	465,057	12.6%
Mixed Use	356,703	7.3%	354,640	9.6%
Healthcare	256,372	5.3%	173,870	4.7%
Retail Center	201,551	4.1%	198,913	5.4%
Other	154,153	3.2%	154,141	4.2%
Industrial	32,000	0.7%	77,338	2.1%
Total	$4,866,735	100.0%	$3,679,758	100.0%


(1)	To conform to the current period’s presentation, loans with a combined carrying value of $442.0 million classified as residential-for-sale as of December 31, 2017 were broken out into $349.8 million of residential-for-sale: construction and $92.4 million of residential-for-sale: inventory.

The table below details the geographic distribution of the properties securing the loans in our portfolio ($ in thousands):



	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Geographic Location	Carrying Value	% of Portfolio	Carrying Value	% of Portfolio
Manhattan, NY	$1,445,389	29.7%	$1,173,833	31.9%
Brooklyn, NY	388,814	8.0%	357,611	9.7%
Northeast	37,956	0.8%	100,536	2.7%
Midwest	718,600	14.8%	683,380	18.6%
Southeast	608,884	12.5%	531,582	14.4%
West	500,102	10.2%	227,024	6.2%
Mid Atlantic	214,521	4.4%	191,976	5.2%
Southwest	115,639	2.4%	33,615	0.9%
United Kingdom	711,324	14.6%	303,488	8.3%



Other International	125,506	2.6%	76,713	2.1%
Total	$4,866,735	100.0%	$3,679,758	100.0%

The Company assesses the risk factors of each loan, and assigns a risk rating based on a variety of factors, including, without limitation, loan-to-value ratio ("LTV"), debt yield, property type, geographic and local market dynamics, physical condition, cash flow volatility, leasing and tenant profile, loan structure and exit plan, and project sponsorship. This review is performed quarterly. Based on a 5-point scale, our loans are rated “1” through “5,” from less risk to greater risk, which ratings are defined as follows:

1. Very low risk

2. Low risk

3. Moderate/average risk

4. High risk/potential for loss: a loan that has a risk of realizing a principal loss

5. Impaired/loss likely: a loan that has a high risk of realizing principal loss, has incurred principal loss or has been impaired

The following table allocates the carrying value of our loan portfolio based on the Company's internal risk ratings ($ in thousands):



	June 30, 2018					December 31, 2017
Risk Rating	Number of Loans	Carrying Value		% of Loan Portfolio		Number of Loans	Carrying Value		% of Loan Portfolio
1	—	$	—	—	%	—	$	—	—	%
2	4	263,216		5	%	5	399,326		10	%
3	63	4,367,766		90	%	51	3,034,358		83	%
4	1	170,685		4	%	1	168,208		5	%
5	2	65,068		1	%	2	77,866		2	%
	70	$	4,866,735	100	%	59	$	3,679,758	100	%

The Company evaluates its loans for possible impairment on a quarterly basis. The Company regularly evaluates the extent and impact of any credit deterioration associated with the performance and/or value of the underlying collateral property as well as the financial and operating capability of the borrower/sponsor on a loan by loan basis. Specifically, a property’s operating results and any cash reserves are analyzed and used to assess (i) whether cash from operations is sufficient to cover the debt service requirements currently and into the future, (ii) the ability of the borrower to refinance the loan and/or (iii) the property’s liquidation value. The Company also evaluates the financial wherewithal of any loan guarantors as well as the borrower’s competency in managing and operating the properties. In addition, the Company considers the overall economic environment, real estate sector and geographic sub-market in which the borrower operates. Such loan loss analysis is completed and reviewed by asset management and finance personnel who utilize various data sources, including (i) periodic financial data such as debt service coverage ratio, property occupancy, tenant profile, rental rates, operating expenses, the borrower’s exit plan, and capitalization and discount rates, (ii) site inspections and (iii) current credit spreads and discussions with market participants. An allowance for loan loss is established when it is deemed probable that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan.

The Company recorded a $10.0 million loan loss provision and impairment against a commercial mortgage loan secured by a fully-built, for-sale residential condominium units located in Bethesda, MD. This was comprised of (i) $5.0 million loan loss recorded during the second quarter of 2018, and (ii) $2.0 million loan loss provision and $3.0 million of impairment recorded during the second quarter of 2017. The impairment was recorded on an investment previously recorded under other assets on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet. The loan loss provision and impairment were based on the difference between fair value of the underlying collateral, and the carrying value of the loan (prior to the loan loss provision and related impairment). Fair value of the collateral was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis. The significant unobservable inputs used in determining the collateral value were sales price per square foot and discount rate which were an average of $662 dollars per square foot across properties and 15%, respectively. Effective April 1, 2017, the Company ceased accruing all interest associated with the loan and accounts for the loan on a cost-recovery basis (all proceeds are applied towards the loan balance). As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, this was assigned a risk rating of 5.

During 2016, the Company recorded a loan loss provision of $10.0 million on a commercial mortgage loan and $5.0 million on a contiguous subordinate loan secured by a multifamily property located in Williston, ND. The loan loss provision was based on the difference between fair value of the underlying collateral, and the carrying value of the loan (prior to the loan loss provision). Fair value of the collateral was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis. The significant unobservable inputs used in determining the collateral value were terminal capitalization rate and discount rate which were 11% and 10%, respectively. The Company ceased accruing payment in kind ("PIK") interest associated with the loan and recognizing interest income upon receipt of cash. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, this was assigned a risk rating of 5.

The Company evaluates modifications to its loan portfolio to determine if the modifications constitute a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR"), under ASC Topic 310, “Receivables." During the second quarter of 2018, the Company determined that a modification of one commercial mortgage loan with a principal balance of $169.0 million constituted a TDR as the interest rate spread was reduced from 5.5% over LIBOR to 3.0% over LIBOR. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, this loan was assigned a risk rating of 4.

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the aggregate loan loss provision was $17.0 million and $5.0 million for commercial mortgage loans and subordinate loans, respectively.

The Company recognized PIK interest of $9.1 million and $19.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, and $6.1 million and $14.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively.

The Company recognized pre-payment penalties and accelerated fees of $1.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and $0.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017.