Net Income (Loss) per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

ASC 260 "Earnings per share" requires the use of the two-class method of computing earnings per share for all periods presented for each class of common stock and participating security as if all earnings for the period had been distributed. Under the two-class method, during periods of net income, the net income is first reduced for dividends declared on all classes of securities to arrive at undistributed earnings. During periods of net losses, the net loss is reduced for dividends declared on participating securities only if the security has the right to participate in the earnings of the entity and an objectively determinable contractual obligation to share in net losses of the entity.

The remaining earnings are allocated to common stockholders and participating securities to the extent that each security shares in earnings as if all of the earnings for the period had been distributed. Each total is then divided by the applicable number of shares to arrive at basic earnings per share. For the diluted earnings, the denominator includes all outstanding shares of common stock and all potential shares of common stock assumed issued if they are dilutive. The numerator is adjusted for any changes in income or loss that would result from the assumed conversion of these potential shares of common stock.

The table below presents the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share of common stock for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 ($ in thousands except per share data):



	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Basic Earnings
Net income (loss)	$	(127,842	)	$	67,758
Less: Preferred dividends	(3,385		)	(6,835		)
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders	$	(131,227	)	$	60,923
Less: Dividends on participating securities	(802		)	(851		)
Basic Earnings	$	(132,029	)	$	60,072

Diluted Earnings
Basic Earnings	$	(132,029	)	$	60,072
Add: Dividends on participating securities	—			851
Add: Interest expense on Notes	—			9,262
Diluted Earnings	$	(132,029	)	$	70,185

Number of Shares:
Basic weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding	153,948,191			134,607,107
Diluted weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding	153,948,191			164,683,086

Earnings Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders
Basic	$	(0.86	)	$	0.45
Diluted	$	(0.86	)	$	0.43

The dilutive effect to earnings per share is determined using the "if-converted" method whereby interest expense on the outstanding Notes is added back to the diluted earnings per share numerator and all of the potentially dilutive shares are included in the diluted earnings per share denominator. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, 28,533,271 weighted-average potentially issuable shares with respect to the Notes were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share because the effect was anti-dilutive. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, 30,093,312 weighted-average potentially issuable shares with respect to the Notes were included in the calculation of diluted net income per share. Refer to "Note 9 - Convertible Senior Notes, Net" for further discussion.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, 2,007,242 and 1,849,564 weighted-average unvested RSUs, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share because the effect was anti-dilutive.