Net Income (Loss) per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

ASC 260 "Earnings per share" requires the use of the two-class method of computing earnings per share for all periods presented for each class of common stock and participating security as if all earnings for the period had been distributed. Under the two-class method, during periods of net income, the net income is first reduced for dividends declared on all classes of securities to arrive at undistributed earnings. During periods of net losses, the net loss is reduced for dividends declared on participating securities only if the security has the right to participate in the earnings of the entity and an objectively determinable contractual obligation to share in net losses of the entity.

The remaining earnings are allocated to common stockholders and participating securities to the extent that each security shares in earnings as if all of the earnings for the period had been distributed. Each total is then divided by the applicable number of shares to arrive at basic earnings per share. For the diluted earnings, the denominator includes all outstanding shares of common stock and all potential shares of common stock assumed issued if they are dilutive. The numerator is adjusted for any changes in income or loss that would result from the assumed conversion of these potential shares of common stock.

The table below presents the computation of basic and diluted net income per share of common stock for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 ($ in thousands except per share data):


	For the year ended December 31,
		2020		2019		2018
Basic Earnings
Net income		$	18,377	$	230,174	$	219,986
Less: Preferred dividends		(13,540)		(18,525)		(27,340)


Net income available to common stockholders	$	4,837	$	211,649	$	192,646
Less: Dividends on participating securities	(3,431)		(3,867)		(3,405)
Basic Earnings	$	1,406	$	207,782	$	189,241

Diluted Earnings
Net income available to common stockholders	$	4,837	$	211,649	$	192,646
Less: Dividends on participating securities	(3,431)		—		—
Add: Interest expense on Notes	—		35,173		34,779
Diluted Earnings	$	1,406	$	246,822	$	227,425

Number of Shares:
Basic weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding	148,004,385		146,881,231		124,147,073
Diluted weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding	148,004,385		175,794,896		153,821,515

Earnings Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders
Basic	$	0.01	$	1.41	$	1.52
Diluted	$	0.01	$	1.40	$	1.48

The dilutive effect to earnings per share is determined using the "if-converted" method whereby interest expense on the outstanding Notes is added back to the diluted earnings per share numerator and all of the potentially dilutive shares are included in the diluted earnings per share denominator. For the year ended December 31, 2020, 28,533,271 weighted-average potentially issuable shares with respect to the Notes were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share because the effect was anti-dilutive. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, 28,913,665 and 29,674,442 weighted-average potentially issuable shares with respect to the Notes, respectively, were included in the dilutive earnings per share denominator. Refer to "Note 9 - Convertible Senior Notes, Net" for further discussion.

For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, 2,030,467, 1,836,210, and 1,612,676 weighted-average unvested RSUs, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share because the effect was anti-dilutive.