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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
__________________________________
FORM 10-Q
__________________________________
(Mark One)

☒ | Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2021
OR

☐ | Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-34452
__________________________________
Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
__________________________________

Maryland |  | 27-0467113
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance, Inc.
c/o Apollo Global Management, Inc.
9 West 57th Street, 43rd Floor,
New York, New York 10019
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(212) 515–3200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
__________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value | ARI | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company |  | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of July 23, 2021, there were 139,894,060 share s, par value $0.01, of the registrant’s common stock issued and outstanding.

Table of Contents

|  | Page
Part I - Financial Information |
Item 1. Financial Statements | 4
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 35
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 52
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 54
Part II - Other Information |
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 54
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 54
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 54
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 54
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | 54
Item 5. Other Information | 54
Item 6. Exhibits | 54

3

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
(in thousands—except share data)

| June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 204,581 |  |  | $ | 325,498 |
Commercial mortgage loans, net(1)(2) | 6,653,197 |  |  | 5,451,084 |
Subordinate loans and other lending assets, net(2) | 866,908 |  |  | 1,045,893 |
Real estate owned, net (net of $452 accumulated depreciation in 2021) | 153,848 |  |  | — |
Real estate owned, held for sale, net | — |  |  | 42,905 |
Other assets | 75,830 |  |  | 74,640 |
Total Assets | $ | 7,954,364 |  |  | $ | 6,940,020 |
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity |  |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |
Secured debt arrangements, net (net of deferred financing costs of $9,753 and $12,993 in 2021 and 2020, respectively) | $ | 3,679,906 |  |  | $ | 3,436,672 |
Senior secured term loans, net (net of deferred financing costs of $10,098 and $7,130 in 2021 and 2020, respectively) | 774,569 |  |  | 483,465 |
Senior secured notes, net (net of deferred financing costs of $6,306 and $0 in 2021 and 2020, respectively) | 493,694 |  |  | — |
Convertible senior notes, net | 567,785 |  |  | 565,654 |
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities(3) | 84,186 |  |  | 74,887 |
Participations sold | 27,662 |  |  | 34,974 |
Debt related to real estate owned, held for sale | — |  |  | 33,000 |
Derivative liabilities, net | 22,514 |  |  | 31,241 |
Payable to related party | 9,440 |  |  | 9,598 |
Total Liabilities | 5,659,756 |  |  | 4,669,491 |
Commitments and Contingencies (see Note 17) |  |  |
Stockholders’ Equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, Series B, 6,770,393 shares issued and outstanding ($169,260 liquidation preference) | 68 |  |  | 68 |
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 450,000,000 shares authorized, 139,884,060 and 139,295,867 shares issued and outstanding in 2021 and 2020, respectively | 1,399 |  |  | 1,393 |
Additional paid-in-capital | 2,712,212 |  |  | 2,707,792 |
Accumulated deficit | (419,071) |  |  | (438,724) |
Total Stockholders’ Equity | 2,294,608 |  |  | 2,270,529 |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | $ | 7,954,364 |  |  | $ | 6,940,020 |

———————
(1) Includes $5,489,059 and $5,418,999 pledged as collateral under secured debt arrangements in 2021 and 2020, respectively
(2) Net of $183,199 and $213,102 CECL Allowances in 2021 and 2020, respectively, comprised of $145,000 and $175,000 Specific CECL Allowance and $38,199 and $38,102 General CECL Allowance, respectively.
(3) Includes $2,444 and $3,365 of General CECL Allowance related to unfunded commitments on commercial mortgage loans, subordinate loans and other lending assets, net in 2021 and 2020, respectively.
See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations (Unaudited)
(in thousands—except share and per share data)

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Net interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income from commercial mortgage loans | $ | 82,447 |  |  | $ | 75,641 |  |  | $ | 157,803 |  |  | $ | 157,496 |
Interest income from subordinate loans and other lending assets | 31,775 |  |  | 32,616 |  |  | 63,234 |  |  | 66,634 |
Interest expense | (39,737) |  |  | (37,498) |  |  | (75,401) |  |  | (78,703) |
Net interest income | $ | 74,485 |  |  | $ | 70,759 |  |  | $ | 145,636 |  |  | $ | 145,427 |
Revenue from real estate owned operations | 1,374 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,374 |  |  | — |
Total net revenue | $ | 75,859 |  |  | $ | 70,759 |  |  | $ | 147,010 |  |  | $ | 145,427 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative expenses (includes equity-based compensation of $4,357 and $8,744 in 2021 and $4,252 and $8,515 in 2020, respectively) | $ | (6,734) |  |  | $ | (6,425) |  |  | $ | (13,674) |  |  | $ | (12,956) |
Management fees to related party | (9,440) |  |  | (9,957) |  |  | (18,804) |  |  | (20,225) |
Operating expenses related to real estate owned | (1,994) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | (1,994) |  |  | $ | — |
Depreciation and amortization on real estate owned | (452) |  |  | — |  |  | (452) |  |  | — |
Total operating expenses | $ | (18,620) |  |  | $ | (16,382) |  |  | $ | (34,924) |  |  | $ | (33,181) |
Other income | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 591 |  |  | $ | 109 |  |  | $ | 1,351 |
Realized loss on investments | (20,000) |  |  | (16,405) |  |  | (20,000) |  |  | (16,405) |
Reversal of (provision for) loan losses, net(1) | 29,586 |  |  | 25,169 |  |  | 30,824 |  |  | (158,296) |
Realized losses and impairments on real estate owned | — |  |  | — |  |  | (550) |  |  | — |
Foreign currency translation gain (loss) | 4,054 |  |  | 2,559 |  |  | (3,395) |  |  | (35,390) |
Gain (loss) on foreign currency forward contracts (includes unrealized gains (losses) of $(2,021) and $8,481 in 2021 and $(9,004) and $53,432 in 2020, respectively) | (3,094) |  |  | (2,995) |  |  | 6,706 |  |  | 67,496 |
Gain (loss) on interest rate hedging instruments | (111) |  |  | (3,095) |  |  | 246 |  |  | (38,643) |
Net income (loss) | $ | 67,691 |  |  | $ | 60,201 |  |  | $ | 126,026 |  |  | $ | (67,641) |
Preferred dividends | (3,385) |  |  | (3,385) |  |  | (6,770) |  |  | (6,770) |
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders | $ | 64,306 |  |  | $ | 56,816 |  |  | $ | 119,256 |  |  | $ | (74,411) |
Net income (loss) per share of common stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.45 |  |  | $ | 0.37 |  |  | $ | 0.84 |  |  | $ | (0.50) |
Diluted | $ | 0.42 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.79 |  |  | $ | (0.50) |
Basic weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding | 139,884,060 |  |  | 151,523,513 |  |  | 139,845,178 |  |  | 152,735,852 |
Diluted weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding | 170,832,186 |  |  | 182,083,702 |  |  | 170,812,544 |  |  | 152,735,852 |
Dividend declared per share of common stock | $ | 0.35 |  |  | $ | 0.35 |  |  | $ | 0.70 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |

———————
(1) Comprised of $30,000, $30,000, $9,500 and $(140,500) Specific CECL Reversals (Allowance) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $(414), $824, $15,669, and $(17,796) of General CECL Reversals (Allowance) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)
(in thousands—except share and per share data)

| Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In-Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  |  |  | Total
| Shares |  | Par |  | Shares |  | Par |
Balance at January 1, 2021 | 6,770,393 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | 139,295,867 |  |  | $ | 1,393 |  |  | $ | 2,707,792 |  |  | $ | (438,724) |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,270,529 |
Capital increase related to Equity Incentive Plan | — |  |  | — |  |  | 553,008 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 103 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 108 |
Offering costs | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (40) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (40) |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 58,335 |  |  |  |  | 58,335 |
Dividends declared on preferred stock - $0.50 per share | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,385) |  |  |  |  | (3,385) |
Dividends declared on common stock - $0.35 per share | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (49,794) |  |  |  |  | (49,794) |
Balance at March 31, 2021 | 6,770,393 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | 139,848,875 |  |  | $ | 1,398 |  |  | $ | 2,707,855 |  |  | $ | (433,568) |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,275,753 |
Capital increase related to Equity Incentive Plan | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35,185 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4,357 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 4,358 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 67,691 |  |  |  |  | 67,691 |
Dividends declared on preferred stock - $0.50 per share | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,385) |  |  |  |  | (3,385) |
Dividends declared on common stock - $0.35 per share | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (49,809) |  |  |  |  | (49,809) |
Balance at June 30, 2021 | 6,770,393 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | 139,884,060 |  |  | $ | 1,399 |  |  | $ | 2,712,212 |  |  | $ | (419,071) |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,294,608 |

| Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In-Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  |  |  | Total
| Shares |  | Par |  | Shares |  | Par |
Balance at January 1, 2020 | 6,770,393 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | 153,537,296 |  |  | $ | 1,535 |  |  | $ | 2,825,317 |  |  | $ | (196,945) |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,629,975 |
Adoption of ASU 2016-13 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (30,867) |  |  |  |  | (30,867) |
Capital increase (decrease) related to Equity Incentive Plan | — |  |  | — |  |  | 503,251 |  |  | 5 |  |  | (2,236) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (2,231) |
Repurchase of common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | (300,000) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (2,438) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (2,441) |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (127,842) |  |  |  |  | (127,842) |
Dividends declared on preferred stock - $0.50 per share | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,385) |  |  |  |  | (3,385) |
Dividends declared on common stock - $0.40 per share | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (62,298) |  |  |  |  | (62,298) |
Balance at March 31, 2020 | 6,770,393 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | 153,740,547 |  |  | $ | 1,537 |  |  | $ | 2,820,643 |  |  | $ | (421,337) |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,400,911 |
Capital increase related to Equity Incentive Plan | — |  |  | — |  |  | 82,235 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4,251 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 4,252 |
Repurchase of common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,495,976) |  |  | (55) |  |  | (43,783) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (43,838) |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 60,201 |  |  |  |  | 60,201 |
Dividends declared on preferred stock - $0.50 per share | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,385) |  |  |  |  | (3,385) |
Dividends declared on common stock - $0.35 per share | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (52,635) |  |  |  |  | (52,635) |
Balance at June 30, 2020 | 6,770,393 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | 148,326,806 |  |  | $ | 1,483 |  |  | $ | 2,781,111 |  |  | $ | (417,156) |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,365,506 |

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
6

Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(in thousands)

| For the six months ended June 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020
Cash flows provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 126,026 |  |  | $ | (67,641) |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Amortization of discount/premium and PIK | (42,991) |  |  | (36,449) |
Amortization of deferred financing costs | 6,344 |  |  | 6,577 |
Equity-based compensation | 8,744 |  |  | 8,515 |
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses, net | (30,824) |  |  | 158,296 |
Foreign currency loss | 2,743 |  |  | 48,404 |
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments | (8,727) |  |  | (68,640) |
Depreciation and amortization | 452 |  |  | — |
Realized losses and impairments on investments and real estate owned | 20,550 |  |  | 16,405 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Proceeds received from PIK | 34,986 |  |  | — |
Other assets | 875 |  |  | (9,615) |
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | 2,923 |  |  | (1,921) |
Payable to related party | (158) |  |  | (472) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 120,943 |  |  | 53,459 |
Cash flows used in investing activities: |  |  |
New funding of commercial mortgage loans | (1,322,016) |  |  | (447,440) |
Add-on funding of commercial mortgage loans | (138,489) |  |  | (197,261) |
Add-on funding of subordinate loans and other lending assets | (107,716) |  |  | (25,766) |
Proceeds received from the repayment and sale of commercial mortgage loans | 295,914 |  |  | 397,994 |
Proceeds received from the repayment of subordinate loans and other lending assets | 195,551 |  |  | 1,885 |
Origination and exit fees received on commercial mortgage loans, and subordinate loans and other lending assets, net | 17,061 |  |  | 6,110 |
Proceeds received from the sale of real estate owned, held for sale | 42,356 |  |  | — |
Cash received from hotel title assumption | 4,148 |  |  | — |
Increase in collateral held related to derivative contracts, net | 260 |  |  | 55,550 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (1,012,931) |  |  | (208,928) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Payment of offering costs | (40) |  |  | — |
Repurchase of common stock | — |  |  | (46,279) |
Proceeds from secured debt arrangements | 987,010 |  |  | 1,373,643 |
Repayments of secured debt arrangements | (744,570) |  |  | (980,280) |
Repayments of senior secured term loan principal | (3,250) |  |  | (2,500) |
Proceeds from issuance of senior secured term loan | 297,000 |  |  | — |
Proceeds from issuance of senior secured notes | 500,000 |  |  | — |
Repayment of debt related to real estate owned | (143,073) |  |  | — |
Payment of deferred financing costs | (11,217) |  |  | (7,522) |
Other financing activities | (4,278) |  |  | (6,494) |
Dividends on common stock | (99,741) |  |  | (133,446) |
Dividends on preferred stock | (6,770) |  |  | (6,770) |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 771,071 |  |  | 190,352 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | (120,917) |  |  | 34,883 |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 325,498 |  |  | 452,282 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 204,581 |  |  | $ | 487,165 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |  |
Interest paid | $ | 63,071 |  |  | $ | 71,974 |
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities: |  |  |
Dividend declared, not yet paid | $ | 52,635 |  |  | $ | 56,256 |
Change in participation sold | $ | 20,358 |  |  | $ | — |
Repayments of PIK on participation sold | $ | (27,670) |  |  | $ | — |
Loan proceeds held by servicer | $ | 4,853 |  |  | $ | — |
Deferred financing costs, not yet paid | $ | 3,757 |  |  | $ | 2,596 |
Transfer of proceeds borrowed under secured credit facilities to Barclays Private Securitization | $ | — |  |  | $ | 782,006 |
Assumption of real estate | $ | 154,300 |  |  | $ | — |
Assumption of debt related to real estate owned | $ | (110,073) |  |  | $ | — |
Assumption of other assets related to real estate owned | $ | 1,555 |  |  | $ | — |
Assumption of accounts payable and other liabilities related to real estate owned | $ | (4,641) |  |  | $ | — |
Transfer of subordinate loans to real estate owned | $ | (45,289) |  |  | $ | — |

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
7

Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Note 1 – Organization
Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance, Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, is referred to throughout this report as the "Company," "ARI," "we," "us" and "our") is a corporation that has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") for U.S. federal income tax purposes and primarily originates, acquires, invests in and manages performing commercial first mortgage loans, subordinate financings, and other commercial real estate-related debt investments. These asset classes are referred to as our target assets.
We were formed in Maryland on June 29, 2009, commenced operations on September 29, 2009 and are externally managed and advised by ACREFI Management, LLC (the "Manager"), an indirect subsidiary of Apollo Global Management, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, "Apollo").
We elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, commencing with the taxable year ended December 31, 2009. To maintain our tax qualification as a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our taxable income, excluding net capital gains, to stockholders and meet certain other asset, income, and ownership tests.
Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our consolidated subsidiaries. All intercompany amounts have been eliminated. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Our most significant estimates include loan loss allowances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 ("Annual Report"), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly our financial position, results of operations and cash flows have been included. Our results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or any other future period.
We currently operate in one reporting segment.
Risks and Uncertainties
During the first quarter of 2020, there was a global outbreak of a novel coronavirus ("COVID-19"), which was declared by the World Health Organization as a pandemic. In response to COVID-19, the United States and numerous other countries have declared national emergencies, which has led to large scale quarantines as well as restrictions to business deemed non-essential. These responses to COVID-19 have disrupted economic activities and could have a continued significant adverse effect on economic and market conditions. As we are still in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic we are not in a position to estimate the ultimate impact this will have on our business and the economy as a whole. We believe the estimates used in preparing our financial statements and related footnotes are reasonable and supportable based on the best information available to us as of June 30, 2021. The uncertainty surrounding COVID-19 may materially impact the accuracy of the estimates and assumptions used in the financial statements and related footnotes and, as a result, actual results may vary significantly from estimates.
Real Estate Owned (and related debt)
In order to maximize recovery against a defaulted loan, we may assume legal title or physical possession of the underlying collateral through foreclosure or the execution of a deed in lieu of foreclosure. Foreclosed properties are generally recognized at fair value and the assets and liabilities are presented separately when legal title or physical possession is assumed. If the fair value of the real estate is lower than the carrying value of the loan, the difference, along with any previously recorded Specific CECL Allowances, are recorded as a realized loss on investments in the consolidated statement of operations.
Acquisition of real estate is accounted for using the acquisition method under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC")
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Topic 805, "Business Combinations." We recognize and measure identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree, if applicable, based on their relative fair values. If applicable, we recognize and measure intangible assets and expense acquisition-related costs in the periods in which the costs are incurred and the services are received.
We evaluate real estate owned, held for sale for subsequent decrease in fair value, which is recorded as an impairment. Real estate owned is classified as held for sale in the period in which the six criteria under ASC Topic 360, "Property, Plant, and Equipment" are met: (1) we commit to a plan and have the authority to sell the asset; (2) the asset is available for sale in its current condition; (3) we have initiated an active marketing plan to locate a buyer for the asset; (4) the sale of the asset is both probable and expected to qualify for full sales recognition within a period of 12 months; (5) the asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reflective of its current fair value; and (6) we do not anticipate changes to our plan to sell the asset. Once a real estate asset is classified as held for sale, depreciation expense is no longer recorded.
Real estate assets that are acquired for investment are assumed at their estimated fair value at acquisition and presented net of accumulated depreciation and impairment charges, if any. Upon acquisition, we allocate the value of acquired real estate assets based on the fair value of the acquired land, building, furniture, fixtures and equipment, and intangible assets, if applicable. Real estate assets are depreciated using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of up to 40 years for buildings and up to 8 years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. Renovations and/or replacements that improve or extend the life of the real estate asset are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. The cost of ordinary repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.
Real estate assets are evaluated for impairment on a quarterly basis. We consider the following factors when performing our impairment analysis: (1) Management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the asset; (2) significant negative industry and economic outlook or trends; (3) expected material costs necessary to extend the life or operate the real estate asset; and (4) our ability to hold and dispose of the real estate asset in the ordinary course of business. A real estate asset is considered impaired when the sum of estimated future undiscounted cash flows to be generated by the real estate asset over the estimated remaining holding period is less than the carrying value of such real estate asset. An impairment charge is recorded equal to the excess of the carrying value of the real estate asset over the fair value. When determining the fair value of a real estate asset, we make certain assumptions including, but not limited to, consideration of projected operating cash flows, comparable selling prices and projected cash flows from the eventual disposition of the real estate asset based upon our estimate of a capitalization rate and discount rate.
Revenue Recognition
Interest income on our lending assets is accrued based on the actual coupon rate adjusted for accretion of any purchase discounts, the amortization of any purchase premiums and the accretion of any deferred fees, in accordance with GAAP. Loans that are significantly past due may be placed on non-accrual if we determine it is probable that we will not collect all payments which are contractually due. When a loan is placed on non-accrual, interest is only recorded as interest income when it's received. Under certain circumstances, we may apply cost recovery under which interest collected on a loan is a reduction to its amortized cost. The cost recovery method will no longer apply if collection of all principal and interest is reasonably assured. A loan may be placed back on accrual status if we determine it is probable that we will collect all payments which are contractually due.
Operating revenue from real estate owned that is a hotel property represents revenue associated with the operations of the hotel property. Revenue from the operation of the hotel property is recognized when guestrooms are occupied or services have been rendered. Revenues are recorded net of any discounts and sales and other taxes collected from customers. Revenues consist of room sales, food and beverage sales and other hotel revenues.
Gains or losses on the sale of real estate assets, including residential property, are recognized in accordance with ASC 610-20, "Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets". We primarily use specific identification method to allocate costs.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06 "Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity" ("ASU 2020-06"). The intention of ASU 2020-06 is to address the complexities in accounting for certain financial instruments with a debt and equity component. Under ASU 2020-06, the number of accounting models for convertible notes will be reduced and entities that issue convertible debt will be required to use the if-converted method for the computation of diluted "Earnings per share" under ASC 260. ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021 and may be adopted through either a modified retrospective method of transition or a fully retrospective method of transition. We are currently assessing the impact this guidance will have on our
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condensed consolidated financial statements.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04 “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) – Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting” (“ASU 2020-04”). ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to debt instruments, derivatives, and other contracts that reference LIBOR or other reference rates expected to be discontinued as a result of reference rate reform. This guidance is optional and may be elected through December 31, 2022 using a prospective application on all eligible contract modifications. We have loan agreements, debt agreements, and an interest rate cap that incorporate LIBOR as a referenced interest rate. It is difficult to predict what effect, if any, the phase-out of LIBOR and the use of alternative benchmarks may have on our business or on the overall financial markets. We have not adopted any of the optional expedients or exceptions through June 30, 2021, but will continue to evaluate the possible adoption of any such expedients or exceptions.
Note 3 – Fair Value Disclosure
GAAP establishes a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on the observability of the inputs utilized in measuring financial instruments at fair value. Market-based or observable inputs are the preferred source of values, followed by valuation models using management's assumptions in the absence of market-based or observable inputs. The three levels of the hierarchy as noted in ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures" are described below:
Level I — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level II — Prices are determined using other significant observable inputs. Observable inputs are inputs that other market participants would use in pricing a security. These may include quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk and others.
Level III — Prices are determined using significant unobservable inputs. In situations where quoted prices or observable inputs are unavailable (for example, when there is little or no market activity for an investment at the end of the period), unobservable inputs may be used.
While we anticipate that our valuation methods will be appropriate and consistent with valuation methods used by other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. We will use inputs that are current as of the measurement date, which may include periods of market dislocation, during which price transparency may be reduced.
The estimated fair values of our derivative instruments are determined using a discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each instrument. Our derivative instruments are classified as Level II in the fair value hierarchy.
The fair values of foreign exchange forwards are determined by comparing the contracted forward exchange rate to the current market exchange rate. The current market exchange rates are determined by using market spot rates, forward rates and interest rate curves for the underlying countries.
The fair value of our interest rate cap is determined by using the market standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts that would occur if variable interest rates rise above the strike rate of the interest rate cap. The variable interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts on the interest rate cap are based on a third party expert's expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves and volatilities.
The following table summarizes the levels in the fair value hierarchy into which our assets and liabilities with recurring fair value measurements were categorized as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 ($ in thousands):

| Fair Value as of June 30, 2021 |  | Fair Value as of December 31, 2020
| Level I |  | Level II |  | Level III |  | Total |  | Level I |  | Level II |  | Level III |  | Total
Recurring fair value measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forward, net | $ | — |  |  | $ | (22,894) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (22,894) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (31,375) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (31,375) |
Interest rate cap asset | — |  |  | 380 |  |  | — |  |  | 380 |  |  | — |  |  | 134 |  |  | — |  |  | 134 |
Total financial instruments | $ | — |  |  | $ | (22,514) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (22,514) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (31,241) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (31,241) |

Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements
We are required to record real estate owned, a nonfinancial asset, at fair value on a non-recurring basis in accordance with GAAP. If the real estate is classified as held for sale, the fair value of our real estate owned and the related debt is determined by using the market approach, less costs to sell. The market approach utilizes the fair value of similar assets and liabilities in the
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marketplace as well as an internal analysis as to selling price of specific assets and liabilities, which we deem to be significant unobservable inputs. As such the fair value of real estate owned, held for sale and the related debt falls within Level III of the fair value hierarchy.
During the first quarter of 2021, there was an increase in our expected costs to sell our real estate owned, held for sale and we performed a non-recurring fair value measurement. During the second quarter of 2021, the property was sold and no additional gain or loss was recorded.
On May 24, 2021, we acquired legal title to a full-service luxury hotel through a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, which is classified as real estate owned on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. We assumed the hotel’s assets and liabilities, including a $110.0 million mortgage loan. We performed a non-recurring fair value measurement on the assets and liabilities assumed as of the date we acquired legal title to the real estate. On June 29, 2021, we repaid the $110.0 million mortgage loan against the property.
Refer to "Note 5 - Real Estate Owned and Related Debt" for further discussion.
The following table summarizes the levels in the fair value hierarchy into which our assets and liabilities with non-recurring fair value measurements were categorized as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 ($ in thousands):

| Fair Value as of June 30, 2021 |  | Fair Value as of December 31, 2020
| Level I |  | Level II |  | Level III |  | Total |  | Level I |  | Level II |  | Level III |  | Total
Non-Recurring fair value measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate owned | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 154,300 |  |  | $ | 154,300 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Real estate owned, held for sale | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42,905 |  |  | 42,905 |
Debt related to real estate owned, held for sale | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (33,000) |  |  | (33,000) |
Net real estate owned and related debt | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 154,300 |  |  | $ | 154,300 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,905 |  |  | $ | 9,905 |

Note 4 – Commercial Mortgage, Subordinate Loans and Other Lending Assets, Net
Our loan portfolio was comprised of the following at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 ($ in thousands):

Loan Type |  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Commercial mortgage loans, net (1) |  | $ | 6,653,197 |  |  | $ | 5,451,084 |
Subordinate loans and other lending assets, net |  | 866,908 |  |  | 1,045,893 |
Carrying value, net |  | $ | 7,520,105 |  |  | $ | 6,496,977 |

———————
(1)Includes $146.5 million and $136.1 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively, of contiguous financing structured as subordinate loans.
Our loan portfolio consisted of 97% and 95% floating rate loans, based on amortized cost, as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
Activity relating to our loan portfolio, for the six months ended June 30, 2021, was as follows ($ in thousands):

|  | Principal Balance |  | Deferred Fees/Other Items (1) |  | Specific CECL Allowance |  | Carrying Value, Net(2)
December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 6,728,424 |  |  | $ | (18,345) |  |  | $ | (175,000) |  |  | $ | 6,535,079 |
New loan fundings |  | 1,322,016 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,322,016 |
Add-on loan fundings (3) |  | 264,486 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 264,486 |
Loan repayments and sales |  | (552,651) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (552,651) |
Gain (loss) on foreign currency translation |  | (5,027) |  |  | 166 |  |  | — |  |  | (4,861) |
Specific CECL Allowance |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30,000 |  |  | 30,000 |
Realized loss on investment |  | (20,000) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (20,000) |

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Transfer to real estate owned |  | (45,448) |  |  | 159 |  |  | — |  |  | (45,289) |
Deferred fees |  | — |  |  | (17,061) |  |  | — |  |  | (17,061) |
PIK interest and amortization of fees |  | 34,502 |  |  | 12,083 |  |  | — |  |  | 46,585 |
June 30, 2021 |  | $ | 7,726,302 |  |  | $ | (22,998) |  |  | $ | (145,000) |  |  | $ | 7,558,304 |
General CECL Allowance (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (38,199) |
Carrying value, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 7,520,105 |

———————
(1)Other items primarily consist of purchase discounts or premiums, cost recovery interest, exit fees and deferred origination expenses.
(2)December 31, 2020 carrying value excludes General CECL Allowance.
(3)Represents fundings for loans closed prior to 2021.
(4)$2.4 million of the General CECL Allowance is excluded from this table because it relates to unfunded commitments and has been recorded as a liability under accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheet.
The following table details overall statistics for our loan portfolio at the dates indicated ($ in thousands):

|  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Number of loans |  | 68 |  |  | 67 |
Principal balance |  | $ | 7,726,302 |  |  | $ | 6,728,424 |
Carrying value, net |  | $ | 7,520,105 |  |  | $ | 6,496,977 |
Unfunded loan commitments (1) |  | $ | 1,258,306 |  |  | $ | 1,399,989 |
Weighted-average cash coupon (2) |  | 5.4 | % |  | 5.7 | %
Weighted-average remaining fully-extended term (3) |  | 2.8 years |  | 2.8 years
Weighted-average expected term (4) |  | 2.1 years |  | 2.1 years

———————
(1)Unfunded loan commitments are funded to finance construction costs, tenant improvements, leasing commissions, or carrying costs. These future commitments are funded over the term of each loan, subject in certain cases to an expiration date.
(2)For floating rate loans, based on applicable benchmark rates as of the specified dates. For loans placed on non-accrual or cost recovery the interest rate used in calculating weighted-average cash coupon is 0%.
(3)Assumes all extension options are exercised.
(4)Expected term represents our estimated timing of repayments as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Excludes risk-rated 5 loans.
Property Type
The table below details the property type of the properties securing the loans in our portfolio at the dates indicated ($ in thousands):

|  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Property Type |  | Carrying Value |  | % of Portfolio(1) |  | Carrying Value |  | % of Portfolio(1)
Office |  | $ | 1,969,597 |  |  | 26.1 | % |  | $ | 1,911,145 |  |  | 29.2 | %
Hotel |  | 1,520,275 |  |  | 20.1 |  |  | 1,576,369 |  |  | 24.1 |
Residential-for-sale |  | 835,187 |  |  | 11.0 |  |  | 982,838 |  |  | 15.0 |
Urban Retail |  | 820,466 |  |  | 10.9 |  |  | 655,456 |  |  | 10.0 |
Industrial |  | 672,537 |  |  | 8.9 |  |  | 228,918 |  |  | 3.5 |
Mixed Use |  | 238,702 |  |  | 3.2 |  |  | 217,160 |  |  | 3.3 |
Healthcare |  | 367,120 |  |  | 4.9 |  |  | 369,676 |  |  | 5.7 |
Urban Predevelopment |  | 52,520 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 298,909 |  |  | 4.6 |
Other |  | 1,081,900 |  |  | 14.2 |  |  | 294,608 |  |  | 4.6 |
Total |  | $ | 7,558,304 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 6,535,079 |  |  | 100.0 | %
General CECL Allowance (2) |  | (38,199) |  |  |  |  | (38,102) |  |  |
Carrying value, net |  | $ | 7,520,105 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,496,977 |  |  |

———————
(1)Percentage of portfolio calculations are made prior to consideration of General CECL Allowance.
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(2)$2.4 million and $3.4 million of the General CECL Allowance for 2021 and 2020, respectively, is excluded from this table because it relates to unfunded commitments and has been recorded as a liability under accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Geography
The table below details the geographic distribution of the properties securing the loans in our portfolio at the dates indicated ($ in thousands):

|  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Geographic Location |  | Carrying Value |  | % of Portfolio(1) |  | Carrying Value |  | % of Portfolio(1)
New York City |  | $ | 2,355,270 |  |  | 31.2 | % |  | $ | 2,370,337 |  |  | 36.3 | %
United Kingdom |  | 1,637,480 |  |  | 21.7 |  |  | 1,263,264 |  |  | 19.3 |
Midwest |  | 737,492 |  |  | 9.8 |  |  | 552,537 |  |  | 8.5 |
Southeast |  | 655,490 |  |  | 8.7 |  |  | 581,301 |  |  | 8.9 |
West |  | 552,475 |  |  | 7.3 |  |  | 749,985 |  |  | 11.5 |
Northeast |  | 138,952 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 103,567 |  |  | 1.6 |
Other |  | 1,481,145 |  |  | 19.5 |  |  | 914,088 |  |  | 13.9 |
Total |  | $ | 7,558,304 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 6,535,079 |  |  | 100.0 | %
General CECL Allowance (2) |  | (38,199) |  |  |  |  | (38,102) |  |  |
Carrying value, net |  | $ | 7,520,105 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,496,977 |  |  |

———————
(1)Percentage of portfolio calculations are made prior to consideration of General CECL Allowance.
(2)$2.4 million and $3.4 million of the General CECL Allowance for 2021 and 2020, respectively, is excluded from this table because it relates to unfunded commitments and has been recorded as a liability under accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Risk Rating
We assess the risk factors of each loan and assign a risk rating based on a variety of factors, including, without limitation, loan to value ("LTV") ratio, debt yield, property type, geographic and local market dynamics, physical condition, cash flow volatility, leasing and tenant profile, loan structure and exit plan, and project sponsorship. This review is performed quarterly. Based on a 5-point scale, our loans are rated "1" through "5," from less risk to greater risk, which ratings are defined as follows:
1. Very low risk
2. Low risk
3. Moderate/average risk
4. High risk/potential for loss: a loan that has a risk of realizing a principal loss
5. Impaired/loss likely: a loan that has a high risk of realizing principal loss, has incurred principal loss or an impairment has been recorded
The following tables allocate the carrying value of our loan portfolio based on our internal risk ratings and date of origination at the dates indicated ($ in thousands):

June 30, 2021
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Year Originated
Risk Rating |  | Number of Loans |  | Total |  | % of Portfolio |  |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | Prior
1 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — | % |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
2 |  | 1 |  |  | 32,000 |  |  | 0.4 | % |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 32,000 |
3 |  | 63 |  |  | 7,048,000 |  |  | 93.2 | % |  |  | 1,309,620 |  |  | 486,189 |  |  | 2,680,262 |  |  | 1,202,436 |  |  | 672,655 |  |  | 696,838 |
4 |  | 1 |  |  | 81,060 |  |  | 1.1 | % |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 81,060 |  |  | — |
5 |  | 3 |  |  | 397,244 |  |  | 5.3 | % |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 172,652 |  |  | 224,592 |

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Total |  | 68 |  |  | $ | 7,558,304 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | $ | 1,309,620 |  |  | $ | 486,189 |  |  | $ | 2,680,262 |  |  | $ | 1,202,436 |  |  | $ | 926,367 |  |  | $ | 953,430 |
General CECL Allowance |  | (38,199) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total carrying value, net | $ | 7,520,105 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted Average Risk Rating |  | 3.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

December 31, 2020
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Year Originated
Risk Rating |  | Number of Loans |  | Total |  | % of Portfolio |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Prior
1 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — | % |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
2 |  | 1 |  |  | 32,000 |  |  | 0.5 | % |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 32,000 |
3 |  | 62 |  |  | 6,129,541 |  |  | 93.8 | % |  |  | 469,586 |  |  | 2,661,017 |  |  | 1,398,479 |  |  | 868,514 |  |  | 88,710 |  |  | 643,235 |
4 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
5 |  | 4 |  |  | 373,538 |  |  | 5.7 | % |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 131,050 |  |  | 115,419 |  |  | 127,069 |
Total |  | 67 |  |  | $ | 6,535,079 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | $ | 469,586 |  |  | $ | 2,661,017 |  |  | $ | 1,398,479 |  |  | $ | 999,564 |  |  | $ | 204,129 |  |  | $ | 802,304 |
General CECL Allowance |  | (38,102) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total carrying value, net | $ | 6,496,977 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted Average Risk Rating |  | 3.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Current Expected Credit Losses ("CECL")
In accordance with ASU 2016-13 "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" ("ASU 2016-13"), which we refer to as the "CECL Standard," we record allowances for held-to-maturity debt securities that are deducted from the carrying amount of the assets to preset the net carrying value of the amounts expected to be collected on the assets. We record loan specific allowances as a practical expedient under the CECL Standard ("Specific CECL Allowance"), which we apply to assets that are collateral dependent and where the borrower or sponsor is experiencing financial difficulty. For the remainder of the portfolio, we record a general allowance ("General CECL Allowance", and together with the Specific CECL Allowance, "CECL Allowances") in accordance with the CECL Standard on a collective basis by assets with similar risk characteristics. We have elected to use the weighted average remaining maturity ("WARM") method in determining a General CECL Allowance for a majority of our portfolio. In the future, we may use other acceptable methods, such as a probability-of-default/loss-given-default method.
Specific CECL Allowance
For loans where we have deemed the borrower/sponsor to be experiencing financial difficulty, we have elected to apply a practical expedient in accordance with the CECL Standard in which the fair value of the underlying collateral is compared to the amortized cost of the loan in determining a Specific CECL Allowance. The Specific CECL Allowance is determined as the difference between the fair value of the underlying collateral and the carrying value of the loan (prior to the Specific CECL Allowance). When the repayment or satisfaction of a loan is dependent on a sale, rather than operations, of the collateral, the fair value is adjusted for the estimated cost to sell the collateral. The fair value of the underlying collateral is determined by using method(s) such as discounted cash flow, the market approach, or direct capitalization approach. The key unobservable inputs used to determine the fair value of the underlying collateral may vary depending on the information available to us and market conditions as of the valuation date.
We regularly evaluate the extent and impact of any credit migration associated with the performance and/or value of the underlying collateral property as well as the financial and operating capability of the borrower/sponsor on a loan by loan basis. Specifically, a property’s operating results and any cash reserves are analyzed and used to assess (i) whether cash from operations is sufficient to cover the debt service requirements currently and into the future, (ii) the ability of the borrower to refinance the loan and/or (iii) the liquidation value of the underlying collateral. We also evaluate the financial wherewithal of any loan guarantors as well as the borrower’s competency in managing and operating the properties. In addition, we consider the overall economic environment, real estate sector and geographic sub-market in which the borrower operates. Such impairment analysis is completed and reviewed by asset management and finance personnel who utilize various data sources, including (i) periodic financial data such as debt service coverage ratio, property occupancy, tenant profile, rental rates,
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operating expenses, the borrower’s exit plan, and capitalization and discount rates, (ii) site inspections and (iii) current credit spreads and discussions with market participants.
The following table summarizes the loans with Specific CECL Allowances that have been recorded on our portfolio as of June 30, 2021 ($ in thousands):

Type | Property type | Location | Amortized cost prior to Specific CECL Allowance | Specific CECL Allowance(1) | Amortized cost | Interest recognition status/ as of date
Mortgage |  |  |  |  |
| Multifamily Development(2)(3) | Brooklyn, NY | $182,652 | $10,000 | $172,652 | Cost Recovery/ 3/1/2020
| Urban Predevelopment(2)(4) | Miami, FL | 187,135 | 68,000 | 119,135 | Cost Recovery/ 3/1/2020
| Retail Center(5)(6) | Cincinnati, OH | 172,457 | 67,000 | 105,457 | Cost Recovery/ 10/1/2019
Mortgage total: |  | $542,244 | $145,000 | $397,244 |

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(1)During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 we reversed $30.0 million of previously recorded Specific CECL Allowances. This is comprised of a $20.0 million reversal as discussed below and the realization of $10.0 million that was a previously recorded Specific CECL Allowance.
(2)The fair value of this collateral was determined by assuming rent per square foot ranging from $50 to $215 and a capitalization rate ranging from 5.5% to 5.0%.
(3)During the three months ended June 30, 2021, $20.0 million of previously recorded Specific CECL Allowance was reversed primarily related to a more favorable market outlook as compared to when the Specific CECL Allowance was first recorded with respect to the loan.
(4)In October 2020, we entered into a joint venture which owns the underlying properties that secure our $180.5 million first mortgage loan. The entity in which we own an interest, and which owns the underlying properties was deemed to be a variable interest entity ("VIE") and we determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of that VIE. The related profit and loss from the joint venture was immaterial for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.
(5)The fair value of retail collateral was determined by applying a capitalization rate of 8.3%.
(6)The entity, in which we own an interest and which owns the underlying property, was deemed to be a VIE and we determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of that VIE. As of June 30, 2021 we had recorded $67.0 million of Specific CECL Allowance. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, $0.4 million and $0.8 million, respectively, of interest paid was applied towards reducing the carrying value of the loan.
General CECL Allowance
In determining the General CECL Allowance using the WARM method, an annual historical loss rate, adjusted for macroeconomic estimates, is applied to the amortized cost of an asset, or pool of assets, over each subsequent period for the assets' remaining expected life. We considered various factors including (i) historical loss experience in the commercial real estate lending market, (ii) timing of expected repayments and satisfactions, (iii) expected future funding, (iv) capital subordinate to us when we are the senior lender, (v) capital senior to us when we are the subordinate lender, and (vi) our current and future view of the macroeconomic environment for a reasonable and supportable forecast period. The CECL Standard requires the use of significant judgment to arrive at an estimated credit loss. There is significant uncertainty related to future macroeconomic conditions as the result of COVID-19.
We derived an annual historical loss rate based on a commercial mortgage backed securities ("CMBS") database with historical losses from 1998 through the second quarter of 2021 provided by a third party, Trepp LLC. We applied various filters to arrive at a CMBS dataset most analogous to our current portfolio from which to determine an appropriate historical loss rate. The annual historical loss rate was further adjusted to reflect our expectations of the macroeconomic environment for a reasonable and supportable forecast period which we have determined to be one year. In assessing the macroeconomic environment, we consider macroeconomic factors, including unemployment rate, commercial real estate prices, and market liquidity. We compared the historical data for each metric to historical commercial real estate losses in order to determine the correlation of the data. We used projections, obtained from third-party service providers, of each factor to approximate the impact the macroeconomic outlook may have on our loss rate.
The General CECL Allowance on subordinate loans is calculated by incorporating both the loan balance of the position(s) of the structurally senior third-party lender(s) and the balance of our subordinate loan(s). The subordinate loans, by virtue of being the first loss position, are required to absorb losses prior to the senior position(s) being impacted, resulting in a higher percentage allowance attributable to the subordinate loan. The General CECL Allowance on unfunded loan commitments is time-weighted based on our expected commitment to fund such obligations. The General CECL Allowance on unfunded commitments is recorded as a liability on our condensed consolidated balance sheet within accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities.
Although our secured debt obligations and senior secured term loan financing have a minimum tangible net worth maintenance covenant, the General CECL Allowance has no impact on these covenants as we are permitted to add back the General CECL Allowance for the computation of tangible net worth as defined in the respective agreements.
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The following schedule sets out our General CECL Allowance as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 ($ in thousands):

|  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Commercial mortgage loans, net |  | $ | 20,191 |  |  | $ | 17,012 |
Subordinate loans and other lending assets, net |  | 18,008 |  |  | 21,090 |
Unfunded commitments(1) |  | 2,444 |  |  | 3,365 |
Total General CECL Allowance |  | $ | 40,643 |  |  | $ | 41,467 |

———————
(1)The General CECL Allowance on unfunded commitments is recorded as a liability on our condensed consolidated balance sheet within accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
We have made an accounting policy election to exclude $39.4 million accrued interest receivable, included in Other Assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheet, from the amortized cost basis of the related commercial mortgage loans and subordinate loans and other lending assets in determining the General CECL Allowance as any uncollectible accrued interest receivable is written off in a timely manner. We discontinue accruing interest on loans if we deem the interest to be uncollectible with any previously accrued uncollected interest on the loan charged to interest income in the same period. Under certain circumstances, we may apply the cost recovery method under which interest collected on a loan reduces the loan's amortized cost. The amortized cost basis for loans on cost recovery was $397.2 million and $373.5 million as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, we receive d $0.4 million a nd $0.8 million and $0.6 million and $1.2 million, respectively, in interest that reduced amortized cost under the cost recovery method.
In November 2020, the borrower under a £309.2 million commercial mortgage loan ($422.7 million assuming conversion into U.S. Dollars ("USD")), of which we own £247.5 million ($338.4 million assuming conversion into USD), secured by an urban retail property located in London, United Kingdom, entered into administration triggering an event of default. In accordance with the loan agreement, we are entitled to collect default interest in addition to the contractual interest we had been earning. We evaluated the loan for collectability and determined that, as of June 30, 2021, no Specific CECL Allowance was warranted and have continued to accrue all interest owed to us, including default interest. As of June 30, 2021, the loan had an amortized cost basis of £256.1 million ($354.2 million assuming conversion into USD).
Accrued interest is past due 90 or more days for loans with an amortized cost basis of $751.5 million as of June 30, 2021. As of December 31, 2020, the amortized cost basis for loans with interest between 30 and 59 days past due was $19.0 million and the amortized cost basis for loans with 90 or more days past due was $711.9 million.
The following schedule illustrates the quarterly changes in CECL Allowances f or the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively ($ in thousands):

|  | Specific CECL Allowance |  | General CECL Allowance |  | Total CECL Allowance |  | CECL Allowance as % of Amortized Cost
|  |  | Funded | Unfunded | Total |  |  | General | Total
December 31, 2020 | $ | 175,000 |  |  | $ | 38,102 |  | $ | 3,365 |  | $ | 41,467 |  |  | $ | 216,467 |  |  | 0.67 | % | 3.23 | %
Changes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Q1 Allowance (Reversals) | — |  |  | (1,667) |  | 429 |  | (1,238) |  |  | (1,238) |  |  |  |
March 31, 2021 | $ | 175,000 |  |  | $ | 36,435 |  | $ | 3,794 |  | $ | 40,229 |  |  | $ | 215,229 |  |  | 0.62 | % | 3.06 | %
Changes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Q2 Allowance (Reversals) | (20,000) |  |  | 1,764 |  | (1,350) |  | 414 |  |  | (19,586) |  |  |  |
| Write-offs | (10,000) |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | (10,000) |  |  |  |
June 30, 2021 | $ | 145,000 |  |  | $ | 38,199 |  | $ | 2,444 |  | $ | 40,643 |  |  | $ | 185,643 |  |  | 0.57 | % | 2.41 | %

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|  | Specific CECL Allowance(1) |  | General CECL Allowance |  | Total CECL Allowance |  | CECL Allowance as % of Amortized Cost
|  |  | Funded | Unfunded | Total |  |  | General | Total
December 31, 2019 | $ | 56,981 |  |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 56,981 |  |  | — | % | — | %
Changes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| January 1, 2020 - Adoption of CECL Standard | — |  |  | 27,779 |  | 3,088 |  | 30,867 |  |  | 30,867 |  |  |  |
| Q1 Allowances | 150,000 |  |  | 30,494 |  | 2,971 |  | 33,465 |  |  | 183,465 |  |  |  |
March 31, 2020 | $ | 206,981 |  |  | $ | 58,273 |  | $ | 6,059 |  | $ | 64,332 |  |  | $ | 271,313 |  |  | 1.08 | % | 4.05 | %
Changes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Q2 Allowances (Reversals) | 5,500 |  |  | (13,729) |  | (1,940) |  | (15,669) |  |  | (10,169) |  |  |  |
| Write-offs | (15,000) |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | (15,000) |  |  |  |
June 30, 2020 | $ | 197,481 |  |  | $ | 44,544 |  | $ | 4,119 |  | $ | 48,663 |  |  | $ | 246,144 |  |  | 0.81 | % | 3.71 | %

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(1)As of December 31, 2019, amount represents specific loan loss provisions recorded on assets before the adoption of the CECL Standard. After the adoption of the CECL Standard on January 1, 2020, amounts represent Specific CECL Allowances.
The General CECL Allowance increased by $0.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2021. The increase is primarily related to new loan originations, which were partially offset by the seasoning of our loan portfolio and improved macroeconomic outlook.
We recognized payment-in-kind ("PIK") interest of $13.7 million and $30.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and $12.4 million and $24.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively.
We recognized $0.7 million in pre-payment penalties and accelerated fees for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021. We recognized $0 and $0.2 million in pre-payment penalties and accelerated fees for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.
Our portfolio includes two other lending assets, which are subordinate risk retention interests in securitization vehicles. The underlying mortgages related to our subordinate risk retention interests are secured by a portfolio of properties located throughout the United States. Our maximum exposure to loss from the subordinate risk retention interests is limited to the book value of such interests of $68.3 million as of June 30, 2021. These interests have a weighted average maturity of 5.3 years. We are not obligated to provide, and do not intend to provide financial support to these subordinate risk retention interests. Both interests are accounted for as held-to-maturity and recorded at carrying value on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Loan Sales
In the first quarter of 2020, we sold £62.2 million ($81.3 million assuming conversion into USD) in a mezzanine loan and £50.0 million ($65.3 million assuming conversion into USD) unfunded commitment of a senior mortgage secured by a mixed-use property in London, United Kingdom to a fund managed by an affiliate of the Manager, that was originated by us in December 2019. We recorded no gain or loss related to this sale.
In the second quarter of 2020, we sold interests in three construction loans, with aggregate commitments of $376.9 million (of which approximately $127.0 million was funded at the time of sale). The sales were made to entities managed by affiliates of the Manager. We recorded a loss of approximately $1.4 million in connection with these sales.
These transactions were evaluated under ASC 860, "Transfers and Servicing," and we determined that they qualify as sales and accounted for them as such.
Note 5 – Real Estate Owned and Related Debt
Real Estate Held for Sale
In 2017, we originated a subordinate loan junior to a $33.0 million third-party mortgage, secured by a hotel in Anaheim, CA. In December 2020, due to non-performance, we assumed legal title through the execution of a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. We intended to sell the hotel and, as such, as of the date of the title assumption, we recorded the hotel property on our condensed consolidated balance sheet at its fair market value less costs to sell.
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As of March 31, 2021 there was an increase in our expected costs to sell the property, and therefore, we recorded a $0.6 million loss during the three months ended March 31, 2021, as realized losses and impairments on real estate owned in our condensed consolidated statement of operations. During the second quarter of 2021 the property was sold at our cost basis and no additional gain or loss was recorded. The $33.0 million first mortgage was repaid upon the sale of the property.
Real Estate Owned
In 2017, we originated a $20.0 million junior mezzanine loan which was subordinate to: (i) a $110.0 million mortgage loan, and (ii) a $24.5 million senior mezzanine loan, secured by a full-service luxury hotel in Washington, D.C. During the first quarter of 2020, we recorded a $10.0 million Specific CECL Allowance and placed our junior mezzanine loan on non-accrual status.
On May 24, 2021, we purchased the $24.5 million senior mezzanine loan at par and acquired legal title to the hotel through a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. We assumed the hotel’s as sets and liabilities (including the $110.0 million mortgage loan) and recorded an additional $10.0 million charge reflecting the difference between the fair value of the hotel’s net assets and the carrying amount of the loan. This $10.0 million loss on title assumption plus the previously recorded Specific CECL Allowance of $10.0 million represents the $20.0 million recorded as a realized loss on investments in our condensed consolidated statement of operations.
On May 24, 2021, in accordance with ASC 805, "Business Combinations," we allocated the fair value of the hotel’s assets and liabilities. On June 29, 2021, we repaid the $110.0 million mortgage loan against the property. Below are the hotel's assets and liabilities as of May 24 and June 30, 2021, which are designated as real estate owned on our condensed consolidated balance sheet ($ in thousands):

| June 30, 2021 |  | May 24, 2021
Assets: |  |  |
Cash | $ | 3,245 |  |  | $ | 4,148 |
Buildings | 86,871 |  |  | 86,871 |
Land | 58,742 |  |  | 58,742 |
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment | 8,687 |  |  | 8,687 |
Accumulated depreciation | (452) |  |  | — |
Other Assets | 1,579 |  |  | 1,555 |
Total Assets | $ | 158,672 |  |  | $ | 160,003 |
Liabilities: |  |  |
Debt related to real estate owned(1) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 110,073 |
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | 5,138 |  |  | 4,641 |
Total Liabilities | $ | 5,138 |  |  | $ | 114,714 |
Net Real Estate Assets | $ | 153,534 |  |  | $ | 45,289 |

———————
(1)$110 million first mortgage loan was repaid on June 29, 2021.
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Upon consolidation we assumed other hotel's assets and liabilities such as cash, operating receivables, accrued operating expenses, and unearned revenue, which have been recorded on our condensed consolidated balance sheet within cash, other assets, and accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we recorded the operating revenue, expenses and fixed asset depreciation and amortization in its condensed consolidated income statement as shown below ($ in thousands):

| Three and six months ended
| June 30, 2021 |  |
Operations related to real estate owned: |  |  |
Revenue from operations | $ | 1,374 |  |  |
Operating expenses | (1,994) |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | (452) |  |  |
Net loss from real estate owned | $ | (1,072) |  |  |

Note 6 – Other Assets
The following table details the components of our other assets at the dates indicated ($ in thousands):

| June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Interest receivable | $ | 39,411 |  |  | $ | 40,559 |
Collateral deposited under derivative agreements | 29,680 |  |  | 28,320 |
Loan proceeds held by servicer | 5,053 |  |  | 5,649 |
Other(1) | 1,686 |  |  | 112 |
Total | $ | 75,830 |  |  | $ | 74,640 |

———————
(1)Includes $1.6 million of other assets on the balance sheet of the real estate owned at June 30, 2021. Refer to "Note 5 – Real Estate Owned and Related Debt" for additional information.
Note 7 – Secured Debt Arrangements, Net
At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, our borrowings included the following secured debt arrangements, maturities and weighted-average interest rates ($ in thousands):

| June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
| Maximum Amount of Borrowings(1) |  | Borrowings Outstanding(1) |  | Maturity (2) |  | Maximum Amount of Borrowings(1) |  | Borrowings Outstanding(1) |  | Maturity (2)
JPMorgan (USD) | $ | 1,113,966 |  |  | $ | 1,069,071 |  |  | June 2024 |  | $ | 1,113,156 |  |  | $ | 984,125 |  |  | June 2024
JPMorgan (GBP) | 114,886 |  |  | 114,886 |  |  | June 2024 |  | 113,548 |  |  | 113,548 |  |  | June 2024
JPMorgan (EUR) | 71,148 |  |  | 71,148 |  |  | June 2024 |  | 73,296 |  |  | 73,296 |  |  | June 2024
DB (USD) | 700,000 |  |  | 413,325 |  |  | March 2023 |  | 1,000,000 |  |  | 520,457 |  |  | March 2023
Goldman (USD) | 500,000 |  |  | 133,955 |  |  | November 2023(3) |  | 500,000 |  |  | 332,352 |  |  | November 2023(3)
CS Facility - USD | 189,219 |  |  | 189,219 |  |  | July 2024(4)(5) |  | 374,251 |  |  | 369,182 |  |  | December 2023(4)(5)
HSBC Facility - EUR | 169,930 |  |  | 169,930 |  |  | July 2022 |  | 163,785 |  |  | 163,785 |  |  | July 2021
Barclays (USD) | 200,000 |  |  | 32,693 |  |  | March 2024 |  | 200,000 |  |  | 35,192 |  |  | March 2024
Total Secured Credit Facilities | 3,059,149 |  |  | 2,194,227 |  |  |  |  | 3,538,036 |  |  | 2,591,937 |  |  |
Barclays Private Securitization | 1,495,432 |  |  | 1,495,432 |  |  | September 2023(5) |  | 857,728 |  |  | 857,728 |  |  | September 2023(5)
Total Secured Debt Arrangements | 4,554,581 |  |  | 3,689,659 |  |  |  |  | 4,395,764 |  |  | 3,449,665 |  |  |
Less: deferred financing costs | N/A |  | (9,753) |  |  |  |  | N/A |  | (12,993) |  |  |
Total Secured Debt Arrangements, net(6)(7)(8) | $ | 4,554,581 |  |  | $ | 3,679,906 |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,395,764 |  |  | $ | 3,436,672 |  |

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———————
(1)As of June 30, 2021, British Pound Sterling ("GBP"), Euros ("EUR"), and Swedish Krona ("SEK") borrowings were converted to USD at a rate o f 1.38, 1.19, and 0.12, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, GBP and EUR borrowings were converted to USD at a rate of 1.37 and 1.22, respectively.
(2)Maturity date assumes extensions at our option are exercised with consent of financing providers, where applicable.
(3)Assumes facility enters the amortization period described below.
(4)Assumes financings are extended in line with the underlying loans.
(5)Represents weighted average maturity across various financings with the counterparty. See below for additional details.
(6)Weighted-average borrowing costs as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were USD L+2.00% / GBP L+2.03% / EUR L+1.43% / SEK L+1.50% and USD L+2.16% / GBP L+1.83% / EUR L+1.46%, respectively.
(7)Weighted average advance rates based on cost as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were 67.2% (64.8% (USD) / 68.8% (GBP) / 67.6% (EUR) / 80.8% (SEK)) and 63.7% (62.5% (USD) / 68.7% (GBP) / 60.8% (EUR)).
(8)As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, approximately 54% and 55% of the outstanding balance under these secured borrowings were recourse to us.
Each of our existing secured debt arrangements include "credit based and other mark-to-market" features. "Credit mark-to-market" provisions in repurchase facilities are designed to keep the lenders' credit exposure generally constant as a percentage of the underlying collateral value of the assets pledged as security to them. If the credit of the underlying collateral value decreases, the amount of leverage available to us will be reduced as our assets are marked-to-market, which would reduce our liquidity. Generally, the lender under the applicable secured debt arrangement calls for and/or sets the valuation and any revaluation of the collateral assets in its sole, good faith discretion. If it is determined (subject to certain conditions) that the market value of the underlying collateral has decreased by more than a defined minimum amount, the lender may require us to provide additional collateral or may make margin calls, which may require us to repay all or a portion of the funds advanced. We closely monitor our liquidity and intend to maintain sufficient liquidity on our condensed consolidated balance sheet in order to meet any margin calls in the event of any significant decreases in asset values. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, t he weighted average haircut under our secured debt arrangements was approximately 32.8% and 36.3%, respectively. In addition, our existing secured debt arrangements are not entirely term-matched financings and may mature before our commercial real estate debt investments that represent underlying collateral to those financings. We are in frequent dialogue with the lenders under our secured debt arrangements regarding our management of their collateral assets and as we negotiate renewals and extensions of these liabilities, we may experience lower advance rates and higher pricing under the renewed or extended agreements.
JPMorgan Facility
In November 2019, through three indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, we entered into a Sixth Amended and Restated Master Repurchase Agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association (the "JPMorgan Facility"). The JPMorgan Facility allows for $1.3 billion of maximum borrowings (with amounts borrowed in GBP and EUR converted to USD for purposes of calculating availability based on the greater of the spot rate as of the initial financing under the corresponding mortgage loan and the then-current spot rate) and matures in June 2022 and has two one-year extensions available at our option, which are subject to certain conditions. The JPMorgan Facility enables us to elect to receive advances in USD, GBP, or EUR. Margin calls may occur any time at specified aggregate margin deficit thresholds.
As of June 30, 2021, we had $1.3 billion (including £83.1 million and €60.0 million assuming conversion into USD) of borrowings outstanding under the JPMorgan Facility secured by certain of our commercial mortgage loans.
DB Facility
In March 2020, through an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, we entered into a Third Amended and Restated Master Repurchase Agreement with Deutsche Bank AG, Cayman Islands Branch, London Branch (the "DB Facility"). During the first quarter 2021, we amended the DB Facility to reduce the commitment from $1.0 billion to $700.0 million ($413.3 million drawn at June 30, 2021) fo r the sale and repurchase of eligible first mortgage loans secured by commercial or multifamily properties, located in the United States, United Kingdom and the European Union, and enables us to elect to receive advances in USD, GBP, or EUR. The DB Facility matures in March 2022, and has a one-year extension available at our option, subject to certain conditions. Margin calls may occur any time at specified aggregate margin deficit thresholds.
As of June 30, 2021, we had $413.3 million of borrowings outstanding under the DB Facility secured by certain of our commercial mortgage loans.
Goldman Facility
In November 2017, through an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, we entered into a master repurchase and securities contract agreement with Goldman Sachs Bank USA (the "Goldman Facility"), which provides advances up to $500.0 million and matures in November 2021. In addition, the Goldman Facility contains a two-year amortization period subsequent to the November 2021 maturity, which allows for the refinancing or pay down of assets under the facility. Margin calls may occur any
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time at specified margin deficit thresholds.
As of June 30, 2021, we had $134.0 million of borrowings outstanding under the Goldman Facility secured by certain of our commercial mortgage loans.
CS Facility - USD
In July 2018, through an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, we entered into a Master Repurchase Agreement with Credit Suisse AG, acting through its Cayman Islands Branch and Alpine Securitization Ltd (the "CS Facility — USD"), which provides for advances for the sale and repurchase of eligible commercial mortgage loans secured by real estate. The "CS Facility — USD" has an "evergreen" feature such that the facility continues unless terminated at any time by Credit Suisse with six months' notice. Margin calls may occur any time at specified aggregate margin deficit thresholds.
As of June 30, 2021, we had $189.2 million of borrowings outstanding under the CS Facility — USD secured by certain of our commercial mortgage loans.
HSBC Facility - EUR
In July 2019, through an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, we entered into a secured debt arrangement with HSBC Bank plc, which provides for a single asset financing (the "HSBC Facility — EUR"). The HSBC Facility — EUR was extended during the first quarter 2021 and matures in July 2022. M argin calls may occur any time at specified aggregate margin deficit thresholds.
As of June 30, 2021, we had $169.9 million (€143.3 million assuming conversion into USD) of borrowings outstanding under the HSBC Facility - EUR secured by one commercial mortgage loan.
Barclays Facility - USD
In March 2020, through an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, we entered into a secured debt arrangement pursuant to a Master Repurchase Agreement with Barclays Bank plc (the "Barclays Facility – USD"). The Barclays Facility — USD allows for $200.0 million of maximum borrowings and initially matures in March 2023 with extensions available at our option, subject to certain conditions. Margin calls may occur any time at specified aggregate margin deficit thresholds.
As of June 30, 2021, we had $32.7 million of borrowings outstanding under the Barclays Facility - USD secured by one commercial mortgage loan.
Barclays Private Securitization
In June 2020, through a newly formed entity, we entered into a private securitization with Barclays Bank plc, of which Barclays Bank plc retained $782.0 million of senior notes (the "Barclays Private Securitization"). The Barclays Private Securitization finances the loans that were previously financed under a Global Master Repurchase Agreement with Barclays Bank plc (the "Barclays Facility - GBP/EUR"). In June 2020, we pledged an additional commercial mortgage loan with an outstanding principal balance of £26.0 million and pledged additional collateral of a financed loan of €5.3 million as of June 30, 2020. During the first quarter 2021, we pledged two additional commercial mortgage loans with outstanding principal balances of $227.4 million (£165.0 million assuming conversion into USD) and $187.4 million (kr1.6 billion assuming conversion into USD). During the three months ended June 30, 2021, we pledged an additional commercial mortgage loan with an outstanding principal balance of $281.7 million (€237.6 million assuming conversion into USD), and pledged additional collateral of a financed loan of $114.7 million (kr1.0 billion assuming conversion into USD).
The Barclays Private Securitization eliminates daily margining provisions and grants us significant discretion to modify certain terms of the underlying collateral including waiving certain loan-level covenant breaches and deferring or waiving of debt service payments for up to 18 months. The securitization includes LTV based covenants with significant headroom to previous levels included in the Barclays Facility - GBP/EUR. These deleveraging requirements are based on significant declines in the value of the collateral as determined by an annual third-party (engaged by us) appraisal process tied to the provisions of the underlying loan agreements. We believe this provides us with both cushion and predictability to avoid sudden unexpected outcomes and material repayment requirements. In addition to the pledge of the additional collateral noted above, we paid down the previous financing by €16.5 million (totaling $18.5 million in USD) and agreed to increase the financing spreads by 0.25%.
The table below provides the borrowings outstanding (on an as converted basis) and weighted-average fully-extended maturities by currency for the assets financed under the Barclays Private Securitization as of June 30, 2021 ($ in thousands):
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| Borrowings outstanding |  | Fully-Extended Maturity(1)
Total/Weighted-Average GBP | $881,976 |  | August 2024
Total/Weighted-Average EUR | 370,492 |  | June 2022(2)
Total/Weighted-Average SEK | 242,964 |  | May 2022
Total/Weighted-Average Securitization | $1,495,432 |  | September 2023

———————
(1)Assumes underlying loans extend to fully extended maturity and extensions at our option are exercised.
(2)The EUR portion of the Barclays Private Securitization has an "evergreen" feature such that the facility continues for one year and can be terminated by either party on certain dates with, depending on the date of notice, a minimum of nine to twelve months' notice.
The table below provides the assets and liabilities of the Barclays Private Securitization VIE included in our condensed consolidated balance sheet ($ in thousands):

| June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Assets: |  |  |
Cash | $ | 1,955 |  |  | $ | 2,020 |
Commercial mortgage loans, net(1) | 2,110,376 |  |  | 1,290,393 |
Other Assets | 17,119 |  |  | 15,831 |
Total Assets | $ | 2,129,450 |  |  | $ | 1,308,244 |
Liabilities: |  |  |
Secured debt arrangements, net (net of deferred financing costs of $2.2 million and $0.7 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively) | $ | 1,493,222 |  |  | $ | 857,043 |
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities(2) | 2,228 |  |  | 1,307 |
Total Liabilities | $ | 1,495,450 |  |  | $ | 858,350 |

———————
(1)Net of the General CECL Allowance of $10.2 million and $4.4 million as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
(2)Represents General CECL Allowance related to unfunded commitments on commercial mortgage loans, net of $0.4 million and $0.3 million as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
The table below provides the net income of the Barclays Private Securitization VIE included in our condensed consolidated statement of operations ($ in thousands):

| Three months ended | Six months ended
| June 30, 2021 | June 30, 2021
Net Interest Income: |  |
Interest income from commercial mortgage loans | $ | 20,943 |  | $ | 37,036 |
Interest expense | (6,396) |  | (10,986) |
Net interest income | $ | 14,547 |  | $ | 26,050 |
General and administrative expense | — |  | (1) |
Provision for loan losses and impairments | (2,040) |  | (5,668) |
Foreign currency gain | 2,802 |  | 1,890 |
Net Income | $ | 15,309 |  | $ | 22,271 |

As of June 30, 2021, we had $1.5 billion (£637.7 million, €312.4 million, and kr2.1 billion assuming conversion into USD) of borrowings outstanding under the Barclays Private Securitization secured by certain of our commercial mortgage loans.
At June 30, 2021, our borrowings had the following remaining maturities ($ in thousands):
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| Less than 1 year |  | 1 to 3 years |  | 3 to 5 years |  | More than 5 years |  | Total
JPMorgan Facility | $ | 121,115 |  |  | $ | 1,133,991 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,255,106 |
DB Facility | — |  |  | 413,325 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 413,325 |
Goldman Facility | 133,955 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 133,955 |
CS Facility - USD | — |  |  | 40,500 |  |  | 148,719 |  |  | — |  |  | 189,219 |
HSBC Facility - EUR | — |  |  | 169,930 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 169,930 |
Barclays Facility - USD | — |  |  | 32,693 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 32,693 |
Barclays Private Securitization | 613,455 |  |  | 550,784 |  |  | 331,192 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,495,431 |
Total | $ | 868,525 |  |  | $ | 2,341,223 |  |  | $ | 479,911 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,689,659 |

The table above reflects the fully extended maturity date of the facility and assumes facilities with an "evergreen" feature continue to extend through the fully-extended maturity of the underlying asset and assumes underlying loans are extended with consent of financing providers.
The table below summarizes the outstanding balances at June 30, 2021, as well as the maximum and average month-end balances for the six months ended June 30, 2021 for our borrowings under secured debt arrangements ($ in thousands).

| As of June 30, 2021 |  | For the six months ended June 30, 2021
| Balance |  | Amortized Cost of Collateral |  | Maximum Month-End Balance |  | Average Month-End Balance
JPMorgan Facility | $ | 1,255,105 |  |  | $ | 2,018,979 |  |  | $ | 1,359,053 |  |  | $ | 1,191,150 |
DB Facility | 413,325 |  |  | 610,654 |  |  | 520,217 |  |  | 463,607 |
Goldman Facility | 133,955 |  |  | 202,812 |  |  | 331,154 |  |  | 293,899 |
CS Facility - USD | 189,219 |  |  | 271,691 |  |  | 369,182 |  |  | 266,233 |
HSBC Facility - EUR | 169,930 |  |  | 214,185 |  |  | 174,717 |  |  | 165,863 |
Barclays Facility - USD | 32,693 |  |  | 50,121 |  |  | 35,193 |  |  | 34,359 |
Barclays Private Securitization | 1,495,432 |  |  | 2,120,617 |  |  | 1,495,432 |  |  | 1,190,667 |
Total | $ | 3,689,659 |  |  | $ | 5,489,059 |  |  |  |  |

The table below summarizes the outstanding balances at December 31, 2020, as well as the maximum and average month-end balances for the year ended December 31, 2020 for our borrowings under secured debt arrangements ($ in thousands).

| As of December 31, 2020 |  | For the year ended December 31, 2020
| Balance |  | Amortized Cost of Collateral |  | Maximum Month-End Balance |  | Average Month-End Balance
JPMorgan Facility | $ | 1,170,969 |  |  | $ | 2,009,249 |  |  | $ | 1,192,288 |  |  | $ | 1,119,997 |
DB Facility | 520,457 |  |  | 814,715 |  |  | 526,743 |  |  | 506,831 |
Goldman Facility | 332,352 |  |  | 510,371 |  |  | 362,139 |  |  | 343,621 |
CS Facility - USD | 369,182 |  |  | 524,139 |  |  | 378,781 |  |  | 348,464 |
CS Facility - GBP | — |  |  | — |  |  | 90,111 |  |  | 43,094 |
HSBC Facility - USD | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50,625 |  |  | 44,000 |
HSBC Facility - GBP | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34,500 |  |  | 20,563 |
HSBC Facility - EUR | 163,785 |  |  | 215,509 |  |  | 163,788 |  |  | 154,725 |
Barclays Facility - USD | 35,192 |  |  | 49,993 |  |  | 35,193 |  |  | 29,327 |
Barclays Facility - GBP | — |  |  | — |  |  | 666,810 |  |  | 260,692 |
Barclays Facility - EUR | — |  |  | — |  |  | 180,595 |  |  | 70,521 |
Barclays Private Securitization | 857,728 |  |  | 1,295,023 |  |  | 857,728 |  |  | 823,915 |
Total | $ | 3,449,665 |  |  | $ | 5,418,999 |  |  |  |  |

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We were in compliance with the covenants under each of our secured debt arrangements at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Note 8 – Senior Secured Term Loans, Net
In May 2019, we entered into a $500.0 million senior secured term loan (the "2026 Term Loan"), which matures in May 2026 and contains restrictions relating to liens, asset sales, indebtedness, and investments in non-wholly owned entities. The 2026 Term Loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 2.75% and was issued at a price of 99.5%.
In March 2021, we entered into an additional $300.0 million in senior secured term loan with substantially the same terms as the 2026 Term Loan (the "2028 Term Loan" and, together with the 2026 Term Loan, the "Term Loans"), which matures in March 2028 and contains restrictions relating to liens, asset sales, indebtedness, and investments in non-wholly owned entities. The 2028 Term Loan bears interest at LIBOR (with a floor of 0.50%) plus 3.50% and was issued at a price of 99.0%.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, we repaid $1.3 million and $2.5 million of principal related to the 2026 Term Loan, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we repaid $0.8 million of principal related to the 2028 Term Loan.
The following table summarizes the terms of our Term Loans as of June 30, 2021 ($ in thousands):

| Principal Amount | Unamortized Issuance Discount | Deferred Financing Costs | Carrying Value | Spread | Maturity Date
2026 Term Loan | $ | 490,000 |  | $ | (1,726) |  | $ | (6,280) |  | $ | 481,994 |  | 2.75 | % | 5/15/2026
2028 Term Loan | 299,250 |  | (2,857) |  | (3,818) |  | 292,575 |  | 3.50 | % | 3/11/2028
Total | $ | 789,250 |  | $ | (4,583) |  | $ | (10,098) |  | $ | 774,569 |  |  |

The following table summarizes the terms of our Term Loans as of December 31, 2020 ($ in thousands):

| Principal Amount | Unamortized Issuance Discount | Deferred Financing Costs | Carrying Value | Spread | Maturity Date
2026 Term Loan | $ | 492,500 |  | $ | (1,905) |  | $ | (7,130) |  | $ | 483,465 |  | 2.75 | % | 5/15/2026

Covenants
The Term Loans include the following financial covenants: (i) our ratio of total recourse debt to tangible net worth cannot be greater than 3:1; and (ii) our ratio of total unencumbered assets to total pari-passu indebtedness must be at least 1.25:1.
We were in compliance with the covenants under the Term Loans at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Interest Rate Swap
In connection with the 2026 Term Loan, we previously entered into an interest rate swap to fix LIBOR at 2.12% effectively fixing our all-in coupon on the senior secured term loan at 4.87%. During the year ended December 31, 2020 we terminated the interest rate swap and recognized a realized loss of $53.9 million.
Interest Rate Cap
During the second quarter of 2020, we entered into a three-year interest rate cap to cap LIBOR at 0.75%. This effectively limits the maximum all-in coupon on our 2026 Term Loan to 3.50%. In connection with the interest rate cap, we incurred up-front fees of $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, which we recorded as a deferred financing cost on our condensed consolidated balance sheet and interest expense will be recognized over the duration of the interest rate cap in our condensed consolidated statement of operations.
Note 9 – Senior Secured Notes, Net
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In June 2021, we issued $500.0 million of 4.625% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 (the "2029 Notes"), for which we received net proceeds of $495.0 million, after offering expenses. The 2029 Notes will mature on June 15, 2029, unless earlier repurchased or redeemed. The 2029 Notes are secured by a first-priority lien, and rank pari passu in right of payment with all of our existing and future first lien obligations, including indebtedness under the Term Loans. The 2029 Notes were issued at par and contain covenants relating to liens, indebtedness, and investments in non-wholly owned entities. As of June 30, 2021, the 2029 Notes had a carrying value of $493.7 million net of deferred financing costs of $6.3 million.
Covenants
The 2029 Notes include certain covenants including a requirement that we maintain a ratio of total unencumbered assets to total pari-passu indebtedness of at least 1.20:1. As of June 30, 2021, we were in compliance with all covenants.
Note 10 – Convertible Senior Notes, Net
In two separate offerings during 2017, we issued an aggregate principal amount of $345.0 million of 4.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022 (the "2022 Notes"), for which we received $337.5 million, after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses. At June 30, 2021, the 2022 Notes had a carrying value of $341.7 million and an unamortized discount of $3.3 million.
During the fourth quarter of 2018, we issued $230.0 million of 5.375% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 (the "2023 Notes" and, together with the 2022 Notes, the "Convertible Notes"), for which we received $223.7 million after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses. At June 30, 2021, the 2023 Notes had a carrying value of $226.1 million and an unamortized discount of $3.9 million.
The following table summarizes the terms of the Convertible Notes as of June 30, 2021 ($ in thousands):

| Principal Amount | Coupon Rate | Effective Rate (1) | Conversion Rate (2) | Maturity Date | Remaining Period of Amortization
2022 Notes | $ | 345,000 |  | 4.75 | % | 5.60 | % | 50.2260 |  | 8/23/2022 | 1.15
2023 Notes | 230,000 |  | 5.38 | % | 6.16 | % | 48.7187 |  | 10/15/2023 | 2.29
Total | $ | 575,000 |  |  |  |  |  |

The following table summarizes the terms of the Convertible Notes as of December 31, 2020 ($ in thousands):

| Principal Amount | Coupon Rate | Effective Rate (1) | Conversion Rate (2) | Maturity Date | Remaining Period of Amortization
2022 Notes | $ | 345,000 |  | 4.75 | % | 5.60 | % | 50.2260 |  | 8/23/2022 | 1.65
2023 Notes | 230,000 |  | 5.38 | % | 6.16 | % | 48.7187 |  | 10/15/2023 | 2.79
Total | $ | 575,000 |  |  |  |  |  |

———————
(1)Effective rate includes the effect of the adjustment for the conversion option (See footnote (2) below), the value of which reduced the initial liability and was recorded in additional paid-in-capital.
(2)We have the option to settle any conversions in cash, shares of common stock or a combination thereof. The conversion rate represents the number of shares of common stock issuable per one thousand principal amount of the Convertible Notes converted, and includes adjustments relating to cash dividend payments made by us to stockholders that have been deferred and carried-forward in accordance with, and are not yet required to be made pursuant to, the terms of the applicable supplemental indenture.
We may not redeem the Convertible Notes prior to maturity except in limited circumstances. The closing price of our common stock on June 30, 2021 of $15.95 was less than the per share conversion price of the Convertible Notes.
In accordance with ASC 470, "Debt," the liability and equity components of convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion (including partial cash settlement) are to be separately accounted for in a manner that reflects the issuer’s nonconvertible debt borrowing rate. GAAP requires that the initial proceeds from the sale of the Convertible Notes be allocated between a liability component and an equity component in a manner that reflects interest expense at the interest rate of similar nonconvertible debt that could have been issued by us at such time. We measured the fair value of the debt components of the Convertible Notes as of their issuance date based on effective interest rates. As a result, we attributed
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approximately $15.4 million of the proceeds to the equity component of the Convertible Notes ($11.0 million to the 2022 Notes and $4.4 million to the 2023 Notes), which represents the excess proceeds received over the fair value of the liability component of the Convertible Notes at the date of issuance. The equity component of the Convertible Notes has been reflected within additional paid-in capital in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2021. The resulting debt discount is being amortized over the period during which the Convertible Notes are expected to be outstanding (the maturity date) as additional non-cash interest expense. The additional non-cash interest expense attributable to each of the Convertible Notes will increase in subsequent reporting periods through the maturity date as the Convertible Notes accrete to their par value over the same period.
The aggregate contractual interest expense was approximately $7.2 million and $14.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020. With respect to the amortization of the discount on the liability component of the Convertible Notes as well as the amortization of deferred financing costs, we reported additional non-cash interest expense of approximately $1.6 million and $3.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to $1.5 million and $3.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively.
Note 11 – Derivatives
We use forward currency contracts to economically hedge interest and principal payments due under our loans denominated in currencies other than USD.
We have entered into a series of forward contracts to sell an amount of foreign currency (GBP, EUR and SEK) for an agreed upon amount of USD at various dates through May 2026. These forward contracts were executed to economically fix the USD amounts of foreign denominated cash flows expected to be received by us related to foreign denominated loan investments.
The following table summarizes our non-designated foreign exchange ("Fx") forwards and our interest rate cap as of June 30, 2021:

| June 30, 2021
Type of Derivatives | Number of Contracts |  | Aggregate Notional Amount (in thousands) |  | Notional Currency |  | Maturity |  | Weighted-Average Years to Maturity
Fx contracts - GBP | 100 |  | 561,586 |  | GBP |  | July 2021 - February 2026 |  | 1.69
Fx contracts - EUR | 74 |  | 286,660 |  | EUR |  | August 2021 - November 2025 |  | 2.22
Fx contracts - SEK | 23 |  | 801,518 |  | SEK |  | August 2021 - May 2026 |  | 4.06
Interest rate cap | 1 |  | 500,000 |  | USD |  | June 2023 |  | 1.96

The following table summarizes our non-designated Fx forwards and our interest rate cap as of December 31, 2020:

| December 31, 2020
Type of Derivatives | Number of Contracts |  | Aggregate Notional Amount (in thousands) |  | Notional Currency |  | Maturity |  | Weighted-Average Years to Maturity
Fx contracts - GBP | 93 |  | 428,493 |  | GBP |  | January 2021 - December 2024 |  | 2.04
Fx contracts - EUR | 69 |  | 239,466 |  | EUR |  | February 2021 - August 2024 |  | 2.61
Fx contracts - SEK | N/A |  | 0 |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A
Interest rate cap | 1 |  | 500,000 |  | USD |  | June 2023 |  | 2.49

We have not designated any of our derivative instruments as hedges as defined in ASC 815, "Derivatives and Hedging" and, therefore, changes in the fair value of our derivative instruments are recorded directly in earnings. The following table summarizes the amounts recognized on our condensed consolidated statements of operations related to our derivatives for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, and 2020 ($ in thousands):
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|  |  | Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income
|  |  | Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Forward currency contracts | Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments |  | $ | (2,021) |  |  | $ | (9,004) |  |  | $ | 8,481 |  |  | $ | 53,432 |
Forward currency contracts | Realized gain (loss) on derivative instruments |  | (1,073) |  |  | 6,009 |  |  | (1,775) |  |  | 14,064 |
Total |  |  | $ | (3,094) |  |  | $ | (2,995) |  |  | $ | 6,706 |  |  | $ | 67,496 |

In connection with our senior secured term loan, in May 2019, we entered into an interest rate swap to fix LIBOR at 2.12% or an all-in interest rate of 4.87%. We used our interest rate swap to manage exposure to variable cash flows on our borrowings under our senior secured term loan. Our interest rate swap allowed us to receive a variable rate cash flow based on LIBOR and pay a fixed rate cash flow, mitigating the impact of this exposure. However during the second quarter of 2020, we terminated our interest rate swap due to a significant decrease in LIBOR and recognized a realized loss on the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations.
In June 2020, we entered into an interest rate cap for approximately $1.1 million. We use our interest rate cap to manage exposure to variable cash flows on our borrowings under our senior secured term loan by effectively limiting LIBOR from exceeding 0.75%. This effectively limits the maximum all-in coupon on our senior secured term loan to 3.50%. Unrealized gains or losses related to the interest rate swap and cap were recorded net under gain (loss) on interest rate hedging instruments in our condensed consolidated statement of operations.

|  |  | Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income
|  |  | Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Interest rate cap(1) | Unrealized (loss) gain on interest rate cap |  | $ | (111) |  |  | $ | 738 |  |  | $ | 246 |  |  | $ | 738 |
Interest rate swap(2) | Unrealized gain on interest rate swap |  | — |  |  | 50,018 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,470 |
Interest rate swap(2) | Realized loss on interest rate swap |  | — |  |  | (53,851) |  |  | — |  |  | (53,851) |
Total |  |  | $ | (111) |  |  | $ | (3,095) |  |  | $ | 246 |  |  | $ | (38,643) |

———————
(1)With a notional amount of $500 million at June 30, 2021 and 2020.
(2)With a notional amount of $0 at June 30, 2021 and 2020.
The following tables summarize the gross asset and liability amounts related to our derivatives at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 ($ in thousands):

| June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
| Gross Amount of Recognized Liability |  | Gross Amounts Offset in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Amounts of Liability Presented in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities |  | Gross Amounts Offset in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
Forward currency contracts | $ | 28,472 |  |  | $ | (5,578) |  |  | $ | 22,894 |  |  | $ | 32,172 |  |  | $ | (797) |  |  | $ | 31,375 |
Interest rate cap | — |  |  | (380) |  |  | (380) |  |  | — |  |  | (134) |  |  | (134) |
Total derivative liabilities | $ | 28,472 |  |  | $ | (5,958) |  |  | $ | 22,514 |  |  | $ | 32,172 |  |  | $ | (931) |  |  | $ | 31,241 |

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Note 12 – Participations Sold
Participations sold represents the subordinate interests in loans we originated and subsequently partially sold. We account for participations sold as secured borrowings on our condensed consolidated balance sheet with both assets and non-recourse liabilities because the participations do not qualify as a sale under ASC 860, "Transfers and Servicing." The income earned on the participations sold is recorded as interest income and an identical amount is recorded as interest expense on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
In October 2020, we sold a $25.0 million interest, at par, in a mezzanine loan collateralized by a ground-up condominium development in New York City that we originated in December 2017. The participation interest sold accrued payment-in-kind interest, was accounted for as a secured borrowing on our condensed consolidated balance sheet, and was subordinate to our remaining mezzanine loan. The mezzanine loan was repaid at par in June 2021, and therefore, we de-recognized the related participating interest of $27.7 million, which included $2.7 million in payment-in-kind interest.
In December 2020, we sold a £6.7 million ($8.9 million assuming conversion into USD) interest, at par, in a first mortgage loan collateralized by an office building located in London, United Kingdom that was originated by us in December 2017. In connection with this sale, we transferred our remaining unfunded commitment of £19.1 million ($25.3 million assuming conversion into USD). The participation interest sold is subordinate to our remaining £70.7 million ($97.7 million assuming conversion into USD) first mortgage loan and is accounted for as a secured borrowing on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.
The table below details participations sold included in our condensed consolidated balance sheet ($ in thousands):

| June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Participation sold on Commercial mortgage loans | $ | 27,662 |  |  | $ | 9,217 |
Participation sold on Subordinate loans and other lending assets (1) | — |  |  | 25,757 |
Total Participations sold | $ | 27,662 |  |  | $ | 34,974 |

———————
(1)Includes $0 and $0.8 million of PIK interest in 2021 and 2020, respectively.
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Note 13 – Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
The following table details the components of our accounts payable, accrued expense and other liabilities ($ in thousands):

| June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Accrued dividends payable | $ | 52,635 |  |  | $ | 52,768 |
Accrued interest payable | 14,695 |  |  | 13,979 |
Accounts payable and other liabilities(1) | 12,792 |  |  | 4,775 |
General CECL Allowance on unfunded commitments(2) | 2,444 |  |  | 3,365 |
Collateral deposited under derivative agreements | 1,620 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 84,186 |  |  | $ | 74,887 |

———————
(1)Includes $5.1 million of accounts payable and other liabilities on the balance sheet of the real estate owned at June 30, 2021. Refer to "Note 5 – Real Estate Owned and Related Debt" for additional information.
(2)Refer to "Note 4 - Commercial Mortgage, Subordinate Loans and Other Lending Assets, Net" for additional disclosure related to the General CECL Allowance on unfunded commitments for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Note 14 – Related Party Transactions
Management Agreement
In connection with our initial public offering in September 2009, we entered into a management agreement (the "Management Agreement") with the Manager, which describes the services to be provided by the Manager and its compensation for those services. The Manager is responsible for managing our day-to-day operations, subject to the direction and oversight of our board of directors.
Pursuant to the terms of the Management Agreement, the Manager is paid a base management fee equal to 1.5% per annum of our stockholders’ equity (as defined in the Management Agreement), calculated and payable (in cash) quarterly in arrears.
The current term of the Management Agreement will expire on September 29, 2021, and is automatically renewed for successive one-year terms on each anniversary thereafter. The Management Agreement may be terminated upon expiration of the one-year extension term only upon the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of our independent directors, based upon (1) unsatisfactory performance by the Manager that is materially detrimental to ARI or (2) a determination that the management fee payable to the Manager is not fair, subject to the Manager’s right to prevent such a termination based on unfair fees by accepting a mutually acceptable reduction of management fees agreed to by at least two-thirds of our independent directors. The Manager must be provided with written notice of any such termination at least 180 days prior to the expiration of the then existing term and will be paid a termination fee equal to three times the sum of the average annual base management fee during the 24-month period immediately preceding the date of termination, calculated as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal quarter prior to the date of termination. Following a meeting by our independent directors in February 2021, which included a discussion of the Manager’s performance and the level of the management fees thereunder, we determined not to seek termination of the Management Agreement.
We incurred approximately $9.4 million and $18.8 million in base management fees under the Management Agreement for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, as compared to $10.0 million and $20.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively.
In addition to the base management fee, we are also responsible for reimbursing the Manager for certain expenses paid by the Manager on our behalf or for certain services provided by the Manager to us. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 we paid expenses totaling $0.7 million and $1.3 million, respectively, related to reimbursements for certain expenses paid by the Manager on our behalf under the Management Agreement as compared to $0.5 million and $1.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Expenses incurred by the Manager and reimbursed by us are reflected in the respective condensed consolidated statement of operations expense category or our condensed consolidated balance sheet based on the nature of the item.
Included in payable to related party on our condensed consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020
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are approximately $9.4 million and $9.6 million, respectively, for base management fees incurred but not yet paid under the Management Agreement.
Loans receivable
In June 2015, we originated a $20.0 million mezzanine loan secured by pledges of equity interests in the property recorded as real estate owned on our condensed consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2021. The mezzanine loan was subordinate to (i) a $110.0 million mortgage loan, originated by a third party, and (ii) a $24.5 million senior mezzanine loan, originated by an affiliate of the Manager. On May 24, 2021, we purchased the $24.5 million senior mezzanine loan at par from the affiliate and acquired legal title to the hotel through a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. Refer to "Note 5 – Real Estate Owned and Related Debt" for additional information.
In January 2020, we sold £62.2 million ($81.3 million assuming conversion into USD) in a mezzanine loan and £50.0 million ($65.3 million assuming conversion into USD) unfunded commitment of a senior mortgage secured by a mixed-use property in London, United Kingdom to a fund managed by an affiliate of the Manager, that was originated by us in December 2019. This transaction was evaluated under ASC 860, "Transfers and Servicing," and we determined that it qualifies as a sale and accounted for as such (see "Note 4 -Commercial Mortgage, Subordinate Loans and Other Lending Assets, Net").
Term Loan
In March 2021, Apollo Global Funding, LLC, an affiliate of the Manager, served as one of the eight arrangers for the issuance of our 2028 Term Loan and received $0.2 million of arrangement fees. In addition, funds managed by an affiliate of the Manager invested in $30.0 million of the 2028 Term Loan.
Senior Secured Notes
In June 2021, Apollo Global Securities, LLC, an affiliate of the Manager, served as one of the eight initial purchasers in the issuance of our 2029 Notes and received $0.4 million of initial purchasers' discounts and commissions.
Note 15 – Share-Based Payments
On September 23, 2009, our board of directors approved the Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance, Inc. 2009 Equity Incentive Plan ("2009 LTIP") and on April 16, 2019, our board of directors approved the Amended and Restated Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan ("2019 LTIP," and together with the 2009 LTIP, the "LTIPs"), which amended and restated the 2009 LTIP. Following the approval of the 2019 LTIP by our stockholders at our 2019 annual meeting of stockholders on June 12, 2019, no additional awards have been or will be granted under the 2009 LTIP and all outstanding awards granted under the 2009 LTIP remain in effect in accordance with the terms in the 2009 LTIP.
The 2019 LTIP provides for grants of restricted common stock, restricted stock units ("RSUs") and other equity-based awards up to an aggregate of 7,000,000 shares of our common stock. The LTIPs are administered by the compensation committee of our board of directors (the "Compensation Committee") and all grants under the LTIPs must be approved by the Compensation Committee.
We recognized stock-based compensation expense of $4.4 million and $8.7 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, related to restricted stock and RSU vesting, as compared to $4.3 million and $8.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively.
The following table summarizes the grants, vesting and forfeitures of restricted common stock and RSUs during the six months ended June 30, 2021:

| Type |  | Restricted Stock |  | RSUs |  | Grant Date Fair Value ($ in millions)
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 |  | 82,235 |  |  | 2,455,853 |  |  |
| Granted |  | 35,185 |  |  | 14,685 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |
| Vested |  | (82,235) |  |  | — |  |  | N/A
| Forfeiture |  | — |  |  | (44,205) |  |  | N/A
Outstanding at June 30, 2021 |  | 35,185 |  |  | 2,426,333 |  |  |

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Below is a summary of restricted stock and RSU vesting dates as of June 30, 2021:

Vesting Year |  | Restricted Stock |  | RSU |  | Total Awards
2021 |  | — |  |  | 1,136,525 |  |  | 1,136,525 |
2022 |  | 35,185 |  |  | 825,630 |  |  | 860,815 |
2023 |  | — |  |  | 459,282 |  |  | 459,282 |
2024 |  | — |  |  | 4,896 |  |  | 4,896 |
Total |  | 35,185 |  |  | 2,426,333 |  |  | 2,461,518 |

At June 30, 2021, we had unrecognized compensation expense of approxima tely $0.4 million and $25.7 million related to the vesting of restricted stock awards and RSUs, respectively, noted in the table above.
RSU Deliveries
During the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, we delivered 553,008 and 503,251 shares of common stock for 953,397 and 868,157 vested RSUs, respectively. We allow RSU participants to settle their tax liabilities with a reduction of their share delivery from the ori ginally granted and vested RSUs. The amount, when agreed to by the participant, results in a cash payment to the Manager related to this tax liability and a corresponding adjustment to additional paid in capital on our condensed consolidated statement of changes in stockholders' equity. The adj ustment was $4.4 million and $6.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The adjustment is a reduction of capita l related to our equity incentive plan and is presented net of increases of capital related to our equity incentive plan in our condensed consolidated statement of changes in stockholders' equity.
Note 16 – Stockholders’ Equity
Our authorized capital stock consists of 450,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share. As of June 30, 2021, 139,884,060 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding, and 6,770,393 shares of 8.00% Fixed-to-Floating Series B Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock ("Series B Preferred Stock") were issued and outstanding.
Dividends. The following table details our dividend activity:

| Three months ended |  | Six months ended
Dividends declared per share of: | June 30, 2021 |  | June 30, 2020 |  | June 30, 2021 |  | June 30, 2020 |  |
Common Stock | $0.35 |  | $0.35 |  | $0.70 |  | $0.75 |  |
Series B Preferred Stock | 0.50 |  | 0.50 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |

Common Stock Repurchases. As of June 30, 2021 there was $172.2 million remaining authorized under our stock repurchase program. The following table details our common stock repurchase activity during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020:

| Three months ended | Six months ended |  |  |  |  |  |
| June 30, 2021 |  | June 30, 2020 | June 30, 2021 |  | June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
Shares Repurchased | — |  |  | 5,495,976 |  | — |  |  | 5,795,976 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted Average Price | — |  |  | $7.96 | — |  |  | $7.96 |  |  |  |  |  |

Note 17 – Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Proceedings. From time to time, we may be involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. On June 28, 2018, AmBase Corporation, 111 West 57th Street Manager Funding LLC and 111 West 57th Investment LLC commenced an action captioned AmBase Corporation et al v. ACREFI Mortgage Lending, LLC et al (No 653251/2018) in New York Supreme Court (the "Apollo Action"). The complaint names as defendants (i) a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company ("Subsidiary"), (ii) the Company, and (iii) certain funds managed by Apollo, who are co-lenders on a mezzanine loan against the development of a residential condominium building in Manhattan, New York. The plaintiffs
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alleged that the defendants tortiously interfered with the contractual equity put right in the plaintiffs’ joint venture agreement with the developers of the project, and that the defendants aided and abetted breaches of fiduciary duty by the developers of the project. The plaintiffs alleged the loss of a $70.0 million investment as part of total damages of $700.0 million, which included punitive damages. The defendants' motion to dismiss was granted on October 23, 2019 and the Court entered judgment dismissing the complaint in its entirety on November 8, 2019. Plaintiffs filed a timely notice of appeal on December 6, 2019 and the parties fully briefed the appeal.
In April 2021, Plaintiffs filed a motion for leave to amend the complaint in a separate action, 111 West 57th Investment LLC v. 111W57 Mezz Investor LLC (No. 655031/2017) in New York Supreme Court (the "April 2021 Action"). The April 2021 Action concerns the same condominium development project as the Apollo Action, and Plaintiffs now seek to name Apollo Global Management, Inc., the Company, and certain funds managed by Apollo as defendants. Plaintiffs then requested to withdraw the pending appeal in the Apollo Action and Apollo has consented, although the Court has not yet marked the appeal off the calendar. We believe the claims in this action are without merit. Because this action is in the early stages, no reasonable estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time.
Loan Commitments. As described in "Note 4 - Commercial Mortgage, Subordinate Loans and Other Lending Assets, Net" at June 30, 2021, we had $1.3 billion of unfunded commitments related to our commercial mortgage and subordinate loans. The timings and amounts of fundings are uncertain as these commitments relate to loans for construction costs, capital expenditures, leasing costs, interest and carry costs, among others. As such, the timings and amounts of future fundings depend on the progress and performance of the underlying assets of our loans. Certain of our lenders are contractually obligated to fund their ratable portion of these loan commitments over time, while other lenders have some degree of discretion over future loan funding obligations. The total unfunded commitment is expected to be funded over the remaining 3.7 years weighted average tenor of these loans.
COVID-19. The COVID-19 global pandemic has brought forth uncertainty and disruption to the global economy. The magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our borrowers and their tenants, cash flows and future results of operations could be significant and will largely depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, the success of actions taken to contain or treat the pandemic, and reactions by consumers, companies, governmental entities and capital markets. The prolonged duration and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic could materially disrupt our business operations and impact our financial performance.
As of June 30, 2021, we have not recorded any contingencies on our condensed consolidated balance sheet related to COVID-19. To the extent COVID-19 continues to cause dislocations in the global economy, our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows may continue to be adversely impacted. Refer to “Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for further discussion regarding COVID-19.
Note 18 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of our financial instruments not carried at fair value on our condensed consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 ($ in thousands):

| June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
| Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 204,581 |  |  | $ | 204,581 |  |  | $ | 325,498 |  |  | $ | 325,498 |
Commercial mortgage loans, net | 6,653,197 |  |  | 6,508,986 |  |  | 5,451,084 |  |  | 5,361,948 |
Subordinate loans and other lending assets, net(1) | 866,908 |  |  | 774,257 |  |  | 1,045,893 |  |  | 1,027,582 |
Secured debt arrangements, net | (3,679,906) |  |  | (3,679,906) |  |  | (3,436,672) |  |  | (3,436,672) |
Senior secured term loans, net | (774,569) |  |  | (784,112) |  |  | (483,465) |  |  | (475,263) |
Senior secured notes, net | (493,694) |  |  | (496,145) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
2022 Notes | (341,720) |  |  | (359,904) |  |  | (340,361) |  |  | (327,381) |
2023 Notes | (226,065) |  |  | (234,747) |  |  | (225,293) |  |  | (214,875) |
Participations sold | (27,662) |  |  | (27,695) |  |  | (34,974) |  |  | (34,919) |
Debt related to real estate owned, held for sale | — |  |  | — |  |  | (33,000) |  |  | (33,000) |

———————
(1)Includes subordinate risk retention interests in securitization vehicles with an estimated fair value that approximates their carrying value.
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To determine estimated fair values of the financial instruments listed above, market rates of interest, which include credit assumptions, are used to discount contractual cash flows. The estimated fair values are not necessarily indicative of the amount we could realize on disposition of the financial instruments. The use of different market assumptions or estimation methodologies could have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. Estimates of fair value for cash and cash equivalents, convertible senior notes, net, secured debt arrangements net and senior secured term loan, net are measured using observable Level I inputs as defined in "Note 3 - Fair Value Disclosure." Estimates of fair value for all other financial instruments in the table above are measured using significant estimates, or unobservable Level III inputs as defined in "Note 3 - Fair Value Disclosure."
Note 19 – Net Income (Loss) per Share
ASC 260, "Earnings per share" requires the use of the two-class method of computing earnings per share for all periods presented for each class of common stock and participating security as if all earnings for the period had been distributed. Under the two-class method, during periods of net income, the net income is first reduced for dividends declared on all classes of securities to arrive at undistributed earnings. During periods of net losses, the net loss is reduced for dividends declared on participating securities only if the security has the right to participate in the earnings of the entity and an objectively determinable contractual obligation to share in net losses of the entity.
The remaining earnings are allocated to common stockholders and participating securities to the extent that each security shares in earnings as if all of the earnings for the period had been distributed. Each total is then divided by the applicable number of shares to arrive at basic earnings per share. For the diluted earnings, the denominator includes all outstanding shares of common stock and all potential shares of common stock assumed issued if they are dilutive. The numerator is adjusted for any changes in income or loss that would result from the assumed conversion of these potential shares of common stock.
The table below presents the computation of basic and diluted net income per share of common stock for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 ($ in thousands except per share data):

| For the three months ended June 30, |  | For the six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |
Basic Earnings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 67,691 |  |  | $ | 60,201 |  |  | $ | 126,026 |  |  | $ | (67,641) |  |  |
Less: Preferred dividends | (3,385) |  |  | (3,385) |  |  | (6,770) |  |  | (6,770) |  |  |
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders | $ | 64,306 |  |  | $ | 56,816 |  |  | $ | 119,256 |  |  | $ | (74,411) |  |  |
Less: Dividends on participating securities | (849) |  |  | (719) |  |  | (1,697) |  |  | (1,521) |  |  |
Basic Earnings | $ | 63,457 |  |  | $ | 56,097 |  |  | $ | 117,559 |  |  | $ | (75,932) |  |  |
Diluted Earnings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic Earnings | $ | 63,457 |  |  | $ | 56,097 |  |  | $ | 117,559 |  |  | $ | (75,932) |  |  |
Add: Dividends on participating securities | 849 |  |  | 719 |  |  | 1,697 |  |  | — |  |  |
Add: Interest expense on Convertible Notes | 8,261 |  |  | 8,678 |  |  | 16,506 |  |  | — |  |  |
Diluted Earnings | $ | 72,567 |  |  | $ | 65,494 |  |  | $ | 135,762 |  |  | $ | (75,932) |  |  |
Number of Shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding | 139,884,060 |  |  | 151,523,513 |  |  | 139,845,178 |  |  | 152,735,852 |  |  |
Diluted weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding | 170,832,186 |  |  | 182,083,702 |  |  | 170,812,544 |  |  | 152,735,852 |  |  |
Earnings Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.45 |  |  | $ | 0.37 |  |  | $ | 0.84 |  |  | $ | (0.50) |  |  |
Diluted | $ | 0.42 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.79 |  |  | $ | (0.50) |  |  |

The dilutive effect to earnings per share is determined using the "if-converted" method whereby interest expense on the outstanding Convertible Notes is added back to the diluted earnings per share numerator and all of the potentially dilutive shares are included in the diluted earnings per share denominator. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021,
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28,533,271 weighted-average potentially issuable shares with respect to the Convertible Notes were included in the dilutive earnings per share denominator. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, all of the potentially issuable shares with respect to the Convertible Notes were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because the effect was anti-dilutive while for the three months ended June 30, 2020 the same number of potentially issuable shares were included in the calculation of diluted net income per share because the effect was dilutive. Refer to "Note 10 - Convertible Senior Notes, Net" for further discussion.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, 2,414,855 and 2,434,095 weighted-average unvested RSUs, respectively, were included in the dilutive earnings per share denominator. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, 2,017,080 weighted-average unvested RSUs were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because the effect was anti-dilutive, while for the three months ended June 30, 2020, 2,026,918 weighted-average unvested RSUs were included in the calculation of diluted net income per share because the effect was dilutive.
Note 20 – Subsequent Events
Subsequent to the quarter ended June 30, 2021, the following events took place:
Investment activity: We committed capital of $441 million ($141 million of which was funded at closing) of a first mortgage loan. In addition, we funded approximately $32 million for previously closed loans.
Loan Repayments: We received approximately $297.3 million from loan repayments, including full repayments on two first mortgage loans.
Preferred Equity Exchange: On July 15, 2021, we exchanged all 6,770,393 shares outstanding of our Series B Preferred Stock for 6,770,393 shares of 7.25% Series B-1 Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, with a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, pursuant to an exchange agreement with the two existing shareholders.
Loan Update: We own three mezzanine loans which had an aggregate carrying value at June 30, 2021 of $423 million (inclusive of $297 million of principal and $124 million of PIK interest) and are secured by the same residential-for-sale property currently under construction in Manhattan, NY. These loans include (i) a $230 million senior mezzanine loan (“Senior Mezzanine Loan”), (ii) a $112 million junior mezzanine loan (Junior Mezzanine A Loan), and (iii) an $81 million junior mezzanine loan (“Junior Mezzanine B Loan”), Junior Mezzanine A Loan and Junior Mezzanine B Loan, collectively referred to as “Junior Mezzanine Loan”.
Subsequent to June 30, 2021, a vehicle managed by an affiliate of the Manager (the "Seller") transferred its Junior Mezzanine B Loan position to the Company and in connection with this transfer, one of the property’s subordinate capital providers paid the Seller a price representing the Seller’s original principal balance on the Junior Mezzanine B Loan position with the Seller agreeing to forego its accrued interest on the Junior Mezzanine B Loan.
In conjunction with this transaction, the Company and the subordinate capital provider have agreed to a waterfall sharing arrangement pursuant to which rather than the Company receiving interest it otherwise would have been entitled to after July 1, 2021 on the Junior Mezzanine Loan, proceeds received from the sale or refinance of the underlying collateral, after repayment to priority lenders under the waterfall, will be shared between the Company and the subordinate capital provider at an agreed upon allocation.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
We make forward-looking statements herein and will make forward-looking statements in future filings with the SEC, press releases or other written or oral communications within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). For these statements, we claim the protections of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in such Sections. Forward-looking statements are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and are generally beyond our control. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future results of our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, plans and objectives. When we use the words "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "estimate," "plan," "continue," "intend," "should," "may" or similar expressions, it intends to identify forward-looking statements. Statements regarding the following subjects, among others, may be forward-looking: the macro- and micro-economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic; the severity and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic; actions taken by governmental authorities to contain the COVID-19 pandemic or treat its impact; the efficacy of the vaccines or other remedies and the speed of their distribution and administration; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and capital resources; market trends in our industry, interest rates, real estate values, the debt securities markets or the general economy; the demand for commercial real estate loans; our business and investment strategy; our operating results; actions and initiatives of the U.S. government and governments outside of the United States, changes to government policies and the execution and impact of these actions, initiatives and policies; the state of the economy generally or in specific geographic regions; economic trends and economic recoveries; our ability to obtain and maintain financing arrangements, including secured debt arrangements and securitizations; the timing and amount of expected future fundings of unfunded commitments; the availability of debt financing from traditional lenders; the volume of short-term loan extensions; the demand for new capital to replace maturing loans; expected leverage; general volatility of the securities markets in which we participate; changes in the value of our assets; the scope of our target assets; interest rate mismatches between our target assets and any borrowings used to fund such assets; changes in interest rates and the market value of our target assets; changes in prepayment rates on our target assets; effects of hedging instruments on our target assets; rates of default or decreased recovery rates on our target assets; the degree to which hedging strategies may or may not protect us from interest rate volatility; impact of and changes in governmental regulations, tax law and rates, accounting, legal or regulatory issues or guidance and similar matters; our continued maintenance of our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes; our continued exclusion from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"); the availability of opportunities to acquire commercial mortgage-related, real estate-related and other securities; the availability of qualified personnel; estimates relating to our ability to make distributions to our stockholders in the future; our present and potential future competition; and unexpected costs or unexpected liabilities, including those related to litigation.
The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance, taking into account all information currently available to us. Forward-looking statements are not predictions of future events. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us. See "Item 1A. Risk Factors" of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report. These and other risks, uncertainties and factors, including those described in the annual, quarterly and current reports that we file with the SEC, could cause our actual results to differ materially from those included in any forward-looking statements we make. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. New risks and uncertainties arise over time and it is not possible to predict those events or how they may affect us. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to, and do not intend to, update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Overview
We are a Maryland corporation and have elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We primarily originate, acquire, invest in and manage performing commercial first mortgage loans, subordinate financings, and other commercial real estate-related debt investments. These asset classes are referred to as our target assets.
We are externally managed and advised by the Manager, an indirect subsidiary of Apollo, a high-growth, global alternative asset manager with assets under management of approximately $461.1 billion as of March 31, 2021.
The Manager is led by an experienced team of senior real estate professionals who have significant expertise in underwriting and structuring commercial real estate financing transactions. We benefit from Apollo’s global infrastructure and operating platform, through which we are able to source, evaluate and manage potential investments in our target assets.
Current Market Conditions
During the first quarter of 2020, there was a global outbreak of COVID-19, which was declared by the World Health
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Organization as a pandemic. In response to COVID-19, the United States and numerous other countries declared national emergencies, which has led to large scale quarantines as well as restrictions to business deemed non-essential. These responses to COVID-19 have disrupted economic activities and could have a significant continued adverse effect on economic and market conditions, and could result in a recession. As we are still in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic we are not in a position to estimate the ultimate impact this will have on our business and the economy as a whole. The effects of COVID-19 have adversely impacted the value of our assets, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, and our ability to operate successfully. Some of the factors that impacted us to date and may continue to affect us are outlined in "Item 1A. Risk Factors" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K. Please see "Liquidity and Capital Resources" below for additional discussion surrounding the ongoing impact we expect COVID-19 will have on our liquidity and capital resources.
Critical Accounting Policies
A summary of our critical accounting policies is set forth in our Annual Report under "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates." See below for new critical accounting policies adopted since our Annual Report.
Real Estate Owned (and related debt)
Acquisition of real estate is accounted for using the acquisition method under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 805, "Business Combinations." We recognize and measure identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree, if applicable, based on their relative fair values. If applicable, we recognize and measure intangible assets and expense acquisition-related costs in the periods in which the costs are incurred and the services are received.
Real estate assets are evaluated for impairment on a quarterly basis. We consider the following factors when performing our impairment analysis: (1) Management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the asset; (2) significant negative industry and economic outlook or trends; (3) expected material costs necessary to extend the life or operate the real estate asset; and (4) our ability to hold and dispose of the real estate asset in the ordinary course of business. A real estate asset is considered impaired when the sum of estimated future undiscounted cash flows to be generated by the real estate asset over the estimated remaining holding period is less than the carrying value of such real estate asset. An impairment charge is recorded equal to the excess of the carrying value of the real estate asset over the fair value. When determining the fair value of a real estate asset, we make certain assumptions including, but not limited to, consideration of projected operating cash flows, comparable selling prices and projected cash flows from the eventual disposition of the real estate asset based upon our estimate of a capitalization rate and discount rate.
Results of Operations
All non-USD denominated assets and liabilities are translated to USD at the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date and income, expenses, gains, and losses are translated at the prevailing exchange rate on the dates that they were recorded.
Loan Portfolio Overview
The following table sets forth certain information regarding our commercial real estate debt portfolio as of June 30, 2021 ($ in thousands):

Description |  | Amortized Cost |  | Weighted-Average Coupon (1) |  | Weighted Average All-in Yield (1)(2) |  | Secured Debt Arrangements (3) |  | Cost of Funds |  | Equity at cost(4) |
Commercial mortgage loans, net |  | $ | 6,653,197 |  |  | 4.5 | % |  | 5.0 | % |  | $ | 3,689,659 |  |  | 2.0 | % |  | $ | 2,963,538 |  |
Subordinate loans and other lending assets, net |  | 866,908 |  |  | 11.9 | % |  | 8.8 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 866,908 |  |
Total/Weighted-Average |  | $ | 7,520,105 |  |  | 5.4 | % |  | 5.5 | % |  | $ | 3,689,659 |  |  | 2.0 | % |  | $ | 3,830,446 |  |

———————
(1) Weighted-Average Coupon and Weighted-Average All-in Yield are based on the applicable benchmark rates as of June 30, 2021 on the floating rate loans.
(2) Weighted-Average All-in Yield includes the amortization of deferred origination fees, loan origination costs and accrual of both extension and exit fees. Weighted-Average All-in Yield excludes the benefit of forward points on currency hedges relating to loans denominated in currencies other than USD.
(3) Gross of deferred financing costs of $9.8 million.
(4) Represents loan portfolio at amortized cost less secured debt outstanding.
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The following ta ble provides details of our commercial mortgage loan portfolio and subordinate loan and other lending assets portfolio, on a loan-by-loan basis, as of June 30, 2021 ($ in millions):

Commercial Mortgage Loan Portfolio
# | Property Type | Risk Rating | Origination Date | Amortized Cost | Unfunded Commitment | Construction Loan | 3rd Party Subordinate Debt | Fully-extended Maturity | Location
1 | Office | 3 | 02/2020 | $232 | $— |  |  | 02/2025 | London, UK
2 | Office | 3 | 06/2019 | 214 | 22 |  |  | 11/2026 | Berlin, Germany
3 | Office | 3 | 01/2020 | 204 | 84 |  | Y | 02/2025 | Long Island City, NY
4 | Office | 3 | 10/2018 | 198 | 2 |  |  | 01/2022 | Manhattan, NY
5 | Office | 3 | 09/2019 | 193 | — |  |  | 09/2023 | London, UK
6 | Office | 3 | 10/2018 | 150 | 36 | Y |  | 10/2023 | Manhattan, NY
7 | Office | 3 | 11/2017 | 141 | — |  |  | 01/2023 | Chicago, IL
8 | Office(1) | 3 | 12/2017 | 126 | — |  | Y | 07/2022 | London, UK
9 | Office | 3 | 04/2019 | 126 | 33 | Y |  | 09/2025 | Culver City, CA
10 | Office | 3 | 03/2018 | 86 | — |  | Y | 04/2023 | Chicago, IL
11 | Office | 3 | 12/2019 | 38 | 2 |  |  | 12/2022 | Edinburgh, Scotland
12 | Hotel | 3 | 10/2019 | 270 | 44 |  | Y | 08/2024 | Various, Spain
13 | Hotel | 3 | 04/2018 | 152 | — |  |  | 04/2023 | Honolulu, HI
14 | Hotel | 3 | 09/2015 | 145 | — |  |  | 06/2024 | Manhattan, NY
15 | Hotel | 3 | 08/2019 | 141 | — |  |  | 08/2024 | Puglia, Italy
16 | Hotel | 3 | 05/2018 | 115 | — |  |  | 06/2024 | Miami, FL
17 | Hotel | 3 | 03/2017 | 105 | — |  |  | 03/2022 | Atlanta, GA
18 | Hotel | 3 | 11/2018 | 100 | — |  |  | 12/2023 | Vail, CO
19 | Hotel | 3 | 12/2017 | 82 | — |  |  | 12/2023 | Manhattan, NY
20 | Hotel | 3 | 08/2019 | 67 | — |  | Y | 09/2022 | Manhattan, NY
21 | Hotel | 3 | 09/2019 | 61 | — |  |  | 10/2024 | Miami, FL
22 | Hotel | 3 | 12/2019 | 60 | — |  |  | 01/2025 | Tucson, AZ
23 | Hotel | 3 | 05/2021 | 59 | 2 |  |  | 06/2026 | Fort Lauderdale, FL
24 | Hotel | 3 | 05/2019 | 52 | — |  |  | 06/2024 | Chicago, IL
25 | Hotel | 3 | 12/2015 | 43 | — |  |  | 08/2024 | St. Thomas, USVI
26 | Hotel | 3 | 02/2018 | 24 | 3 |  |  | 11/2024 | Pittsburgh, PA
27 | Urban Retail | 3 | 12/2019 | 354 | — |  |  | 12/2023 | London, UK
28 | Urban Retail | 3 | 08/2019 | 318 | — |  | Y | 09/2024 | Manhattan, NY
29 | Urban Retail(2) | 5 | 01/2016 | 119 | — |  |  | 09/2021 | Miami, FL
30 | Retail center(2) | 5 | 11/2014 | 105 | — |  |  | 09/2021 | Cincinnati, OH
31 | Industrial | 3 | 03/2021 | 301 | — |  |  | 05/2026 | Various, Sweden
32 | Industrial | 3 | 01/2019 | 197 | 7 |  |  | 02/2024 | Brooklyn, NY
33 | Industrial | 3 | 06/2021 | 88 | — |  |  | 08/2022 | Various, UK
34 | Residential-for-sale: inventory | 3 | 12/2019 | 94 | 3 |  | Y | 01/2023 | Boston, MA
35 | Residential-for-sale: construction | 3 | 12/2018 | 90 | 13 | Y |  | 01/2024 | Hallandale Beach, FL
36 | Residential-for-sale: construction | 3 | 12/2018 | 81 | 98 | Y | Y | 12/2023 | Manhattan, NY
37 | Residential-for-sale: construction | 3 | 10/2015 | 66 | — | Y | Y | 08/2021 | Manhattan, NY
38 | Residential-for-sale: inventory | 3 | 01/2018 | 59 | 4 |  | Y | 01/2023 | Manhattan, NY
39 | Residential-for-sale: inventory | 3 | 05/2018 | 16 | — |  | Y | 12/2021 | Manhattan, NY
40 | Residential-for-sale: inventory | 3 | 06/2018 | 7 | — |  | Y | 12/2021 | Manhattan, NY
41 | Multifamily | 3 | 05/2021 | 82 | — |  |  | 05/2026 | Cleveland, OH
42 | Multifamily | 3 | 04/2014 | 62 | — |  |  | 07/2023 | Various
43 | Multifamily | 3 | 11/2014 | 54 | — |  |  | 11/2021 | Various
44 | Multifamily | 3 | 02/2020 | 50 | 1 |  |  | 03/2024 | Cleveland, OH
45 | Portfolio(3) | 3 | 06/2021 | 278 | 28 |  |  | 06/2026 | Various, Germany
46 | Parking Garages | 3 | 05/2021 | 275 | 5 |  |  | 05/2026 | Various, US
47 | Healthcare | 3 | 10/2019 | 228 | 31 |  |  | 10/2024 | Various, UK
48 | Caravan Parks | 3 | 02/2021 | 226 | — |  |  | 02/2028 | Various, UK
49 | Multifamily Development(2) | 5 | 03/2017 | 173 | — |  |  | 12/2021 | Brooklyn, NY

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50 | Mixed Use | 3 | 12/2019 | 80 | 1 |  |  | 12/2024 | London, UK
51 | Urban Predevelopment | 3 | 12/2016 | 53 | — |  |  | 06/2022 | Los Angeles, CA
52 | Mixed Use | 3 | 12/2019 | 33 | 824 | Y | Y | 06/2025 | London, UK
| General CECL Allowance |  |  | (20) |  |  |  |  |
| Subtotal / Weighted-Average Commercial Mortgage Loans | 3.1 |  | $6,653 | $1,243 |  |  | 2.9 Years |

Subordinate Loan and Other Lending Assets Portfolio
# | Property Type | Risk Rating | Origination Date | Amortized Cost | Unfunded Commitment | Construction Loan | 3rd Party Subordinate Debt | Fully-extended Maturity | Location
1 | Residential-for-sale: construction(4) | 3 | 06/2015 | $230 | $— | Y | Y | 12/2021 | Manhattan, NY
2 | Residential-for-sale: construction(4) | 3 | 05/2020 | 112 | — | Y | Y | 12/2021 | Manhattan, NY
3 | Residential-for-sale: construction(4) | 4 | 11/2017 | 81 | — | Y | Y | 12/2021 | Manhattan, NY
4 | Healthcare(5) | 3 | 01/2019 | 71 | — |  |  | 01/2024 | Various, US
5 | Healthcare(6) | 3 | 07/2019 | 51 | — |  | Y | 06/2024 | Various, US
6 | Healthcare(5)(6) | 3 | 02/2019 | 17 | — |  | Y | 01/2034 | Various, US
7 | Mixed Use | 3 | 01/2017 | 42 | — |  |  | 02/2027 | Cleveland, OH
8 | Mixed Use | 3 | 02/2019 | 40 | — | Y |  | 12/2022 | London, UK
9 | Mixed Use | 3 | 12/2018 | 37 | 15 | Y |  | 12/2023 | Brooklyn, NY
10 | Mixed Use | 3 | 07/2012 | 7 | — |  |  | 08/2022 | Chapel Hill, NC
11 | Office | 3 | 01/2019 | 100 | — |  |  | 12/2025 | Manhattan, NY
12 | Office | 3 | 07/2013 | 14 | — |  |  | 07/2022 | Manhattan, NY
13 | Office | 3 | 08/2017 | 7 | — |  |  | 09/2024 | Troy, MI
14 | Industrial | 2 | 05/2013 | 32 | — |  |  | 05/2023 | Various, US
15 | Hotel | 3 | 06/2015 | 24 | — |  |  | 07/2025 | Phoenix, AZ
16 | Hotel | 3 | 06/2018 | 20 | — |  |  | 06/2023 | Las Vegas, NV
| General CECL Allowance |  |  | (18) |  |  |  |  |
| Subtotal / Weighted-Average Subordinate Loans and Other Lending Assets | 3.1 |  | $867 | $15 |  |  | 2.0 Years |
| Total / Weighted-Average Loan Portfolio | 3.1 |  | $7,520 | $1,258 |  |  | 2.8 Years |

———————
(1)Includes $27.7 million of a subordinate participation sold accounted for as secured borrowing.
(2)Amortized cost for these loans is net of the recorded Specific CECL Allowance.
(3)Includes portfolio of office, industrial, retail, and other property types
(4)Loans are secured by the same property.
(5)Loan and Single Asset, Single Borrower CMBS are secured by the same properties.
(6)Single Asset, Single Borrower CMBS.
On June 30, 2021, the risk rating on a $81 million subordinate loan secured by a residential-for-sale construction loan in New York, NY (subordinate loan #3 in the table above) was changed from a "3" to a "4" due to ongoing construction delays at the project. Subsequent to quarter end, subordinate loans #2 and #3 were modified. Refer to "Note 20 - Subsequent Events" for further detail.
Our average asset and debt balances for the six months ended June 30, 2021 were ($ in thousands):

|  | Average month-end balances for the six months ended June 30, 2021
Description |  | Assets |  | Related debt
Commercial mortgage loans, net |  | $ | 6,145,172 |  |  | $ | 3,605,778 |
Subordinate loans and other lending assets, net |  | 1,035,668 |  |  | — |

Portfolio Management
Due to the impact of COVID-19, some of our borrowers have experienced consequences which are preventing the execution of their business plans and in some cases, causing temporary closures. As a result, we have worked with borrowers to
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execute loan modifications which are typically coupled with additional equity contributions from borrowers. Loan modifications to date have included repurposing of reserves, temporary deferrals of interest or principal, and partial deferral of coupon interest as payment-in-kind interest.
Investment Activity
During the six months ended June 30, 2021, we committed $1.4 billion of capital to loans ($1.3 billion was funded at closing). In addition, during the six months ended June 30, 2021, we received $573.6 million in repayments and funded $240.0 million for loans closed prior to 2021.
Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders
For the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, our net income available to common stockholders was $64.3 million, or $0.42 per diluted share of common stock, and $56.8 million, or $0.36 per diluted share of common stock, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, our net income (loss) available to common stockholders was $119.3 million, or $0.79 per diluted share of common stock, and $(74.4) million, or $(0.50) per diluted share of common stock, respectively.
Operating Results
In connection with our adoption of the amendment to Item 303 of Regulation S-K commencing January 1, 2021 we changed our basis of comparison to compare the current period to the previous period rather than the same period in the previous year. The reason for this change is because we believe comparing the most recent period allows us to provide a more meaningful discussion to changes in operating results given our business and target assets.
The following table sets forth information regarding our condensed consolidated results of operations and certain key operating metrics compared to both the same period in the previous year and the most recently reported period ($ in thousands):
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| Three Months Ended |  | Q2'21 vs. Q1'21 |  | Six months ended |  | 2021 vs. 2020
| June 30, 2021 |  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | June 30, 2021 |  | June 30, 2020 |
Net interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income from commercial mortgage loans | $ | 82,447 |  |  | $ | 75,356 |  |  | $ | 7,091 |  |  | $ | 157,803 |  |  | $ | 157,496 |  |  | $ | 307 |
Interest income from subordinate loans and other lending assets | 31,775 |  |  | 31,459 |  |  | 316 |  |  | 63,234 |  |  | 66,634 |  |  | (3,400) |
Interest expense | (39,737) |  |  | (35,664) |  |  | (4,073) |  |  | (75,401) |  |  | (78,703) |  |  | 3,302 |
Net interest income | 74,485 |  |  | 71,151 |  |  | 3,334 |  |  | 145,636 |  |  | 145,427 |  |  | 209 |
Operations related to real estate owned: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue from real estate owned operations | 1,374 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,374 |  |  | 1,374 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,374 |
Operating expenses related to real estate owned | (1,994) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,994) |  |  | (1,994) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,994) |
Depreciation and amortization on real estate owned | (452) |  |  | — |  |  | (452) |  |  | (452) |  |  | — |  |  | (452) |
Net loss related to real estate owned | (1,072) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,072) |  |  | (1,072) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,072) |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative expenses | (6,734) |  |  | (6,940) |  |  | 206 |  |  | (13,674) |  |  | (12,956) |  |  | (718) |
Management fees to related party | (9,440) |  |  | (9,364) |  |  | (76) |  |  | (18,804) |  |  | (20,225) |  |  | 1,421 |
Total operating expenses | (16,174) |  |  | (16,304) |  |  | 130 |  |  | (32,478) |  |  | (33,181) |  |  | 703 |
Other income | 17 |  |  | 92 |  |  | (75) |  |  | 109 |  |  | 1,351 |  |  | (1,242) |
Realized loss on investments | (20,000) |  |  | — |  |  | (20,000) |  |  | (20,000) |  |  | (16,405) |  |  | (3,595) |
Realized losses and impairments on real estate owned | — |  |  | (550) |  |  | 550 |  |  | (550) |  |  | — |  |  | (550) |
Reversal of (provision for) loan losses - Specific CECL Allowance, net | 30,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 30,000 |  |  | 30,000 |  |  | (140,500) |  |  | 170,500 |
Reversal of (provision for) loan losses - General CECL Allowance, net | (414) |  |  | 1,238 |  |  | (1,652) |  |  | 824 |  |  | (17,796) |  |  | 18,620 |
Gain (loss) on foreign currency forward contracts | (3,094) |  |  | 9,800 |  |  | (12,894) |  |  | 6,706 |  |  | 67,496 |  |  | (60,790) |
Foreign currency translation (gain) loss | 4,054 |  |  | (7,449) |  |  | 11,503 |  |  | (3,395) |  |  | (35,390) |  |  | 31,995 |
Gain (loss) on interest rate hedging instruments | (111) |  |  | 357 |  |  | (468) |  |  | 246 |  |  | (38,643) |  |  | 38,889 |
Net income (loss) | $67,691 |  | $58,335 |  | $9,356 |  | $126,026 |  | $(67,641) |  | $193,667

Net Interest Income
Net interest income increased by $3.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021. This increase was primarily due to interest income on $790.2 million in originations and $221.2 million of add on fundings during the three months ended June 30, 2021 and was partially offset by $302.2 million of full repayments and $39.4 million of partial repayments during the three months ended June 30, 2021 and a $4.1 million increase in interest expense as a result of an increase in our average debt balance during the three months ended June 30, 2021.
We recognized PIK interest of $13.7 million, and $16.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and March 31, 2021, respectively.
We recognized $0.7 million pre-payment penalties and accelerated fees for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and
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none for the three months ended March 31, 2021.
Net interest income increased $0.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2020. There was no material change in net interest income between these comparable periods.
Operations Related to Real Estate Owned
In 2017, we originated a $20.0 million junior mezzanine loan which was subordinate to: (i) a $110.0 million mortgage loan, and (ii) a $24.5 million senior mezzanine loan, secured by a full-service luxury hotel in Washington, D.C. On May 24, 2021, we acquired legal title to the hotel through a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure and the criteria for held-for-sale classification in ASC Topic 360, "Property, Plant, and Equipment" were not met. The assets and liabilities related to the hotel were assumed at their estimated fair value at acquisition and presented net of accumulated depreciation and impairment charges. Result of operations from the hotel are comprised of operating revenue, expenses and real estate asset depreciation.
Refer to "Note 5 - Real Estate Owned" for more information related to our impairment and realized losses on real estate owned.
Operating Expenses
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021. There was no material change in general and administrative expenses between these comparable periods.
General and administrative expenses increased by $0.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2020. The increase was primarily driven by a $0.5 million increase in general and administrative expenses and a $0.2 million increase in non-cash restricted stock and RSU amortization related to shares of stock awarded under the LTIPs.
Management fees to related party
Management fee expense increased by $0.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021.
Management fee expense decreased by $1.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2020. The decrease is primarily attributable to a decrease in our stockholders’ equity (as defined in the Management Agreement) as a result of our common stock repurchase of 14,532,632 shares between April 2020 and December 2020.
Realized loss on investments and Reversal of (provision for) loan losses - Specific CECL Allowance, net
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we recorded new Specific CECL Allowance on five loans and increased the Specific CECL Allowance on two loans that previously had loan loss provisions, primarily due to the impact from COVID-19. Refer to "Note 4 - Commercial Mortgage, Subordinate Loans and Other Lending Assets, Net" for additional information related to our Specific CECL Allowance.
In 2017, we originated a $20.0 million junior mezzanine loan which was subordinate to: (i) a $110.0 million mortgage loan, and (ii) a $24.5 million senior mezzanine loan, secured by a full-service luxury hotel in Washington, D.C. During the first quarter of 2020, we recorded a $10.0 million Specific CECL Allowance and placed our junior mezzanine loan on non-accrual status.
On May 24, 2021, we purchased the $24.5 million senior mezzanine loan at par and acquired legal title to the hotel through a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. We assumed the hotel’s as sets and liabilities (including the $110.0 million mortgage loan) and recorded an additional $10.0 million charge reflecting the difference between the fair value of the hotel’s net assets and the carrying amount of the loan. This $10.0 million loss on title assumption plus the previously recorded Specific CECL Allowance of $10.0 million represents the $20.0 million recorded as a realized loss on investments in our condensed consolidated statement of operations.
Refer to "Note 5 - Real Estate Owned" for more information related to our impairment and realized losses on real estate owned.
The table below illustrates the total amounts recorded in the statement of operations during the three months ended June
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30, 2021 for realized losses on investments and the related reversals of previously recorded Specific CECL Allowances ($ in thousands):

| Property type | Location | Realized Loss on Investments | Reversal of (provision for) loan losses, net | Net increase in the Statement of Operations
| Multifamily Development | Brooklyn, NY | $— | $20,000 | $20,000
| Hotel | Washington, D.C. | (20,000) | 10,000 | (10,000)
Sub-Total: |  | $(20,000) | $30,000 | $10,000
| Increase in General CECL Allowance | $— | $(414) | $(414)
Total: |  |  | $(20,000) | $29,586 | $9,586

Realized losses and impairment on real estate owned
During the first quarter of 2021, our real estate owned, held for sale asset was reviewed for possible impairment due to a change in expected time to sell the asset. A $0.6 million impairment loss was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2021, which was fully realized when the property was sold during the second quarter of 2021. Refer to "Note 5 - Real Estate Owned" for more information related to our impairment and realized losses on real estate owned.
Reversal of (provision for) loan losses - General CECL Allowance, net
During the three months ended June 30, 2021, our General CECL Allowance increased by $0.4 million. The increase is primarily related to new loan originations, which were partially offset by the seasoning of our loan portfolio and improved macroeconomic outlook.
Our General CECL Allowance decreased $18.6 million for six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2020. This decrease was largely due to improvement of economic conditions, specifically as it relates to the understanding and outlook of COVID-19, as well as the seasoning of our loan portfolio.
Refer to "Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and "Note 4 - Commercial Mortgage, Subordinate Loans and Other Lending Assets, Net" for additional information related to our General CECL Allowance.
Foreign currency gain (loss) and gain (loss) on derivative instruments
We use forward currency contracts to economically hedge interest and principal payments due under our loans denominated in currencies other than USD. When foreign currency gain and (loss) on derivative instruments are evaluated on a combined basis, the net impact for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and March 31, 2021 was $1.0 million and $2.4 million, respectively. The net impact for six months ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020 was $3.3 million and $32.1 million, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2020 there was a significant fall in USD foreign exchange rates, caused by COVID-19, which increased our unrealized gain from hedges on our future expected interest cash flows. As hedges on our future expected interest cash flows have no offset in foreign currency gain (loss) it caused the large balance noted above.
Gain (loss) on interest rate hedges
In the second quarter of 2020, we entered into a three-year interest rate cap to cap LIBOR at 0.75%. This effectively limits the maximum all-in coupon on our 2026 Term Loan to 3.50%. During the three months ended June 30, 2021 and March 31, 2021, the interest rate cap had an unrealized gain (loss) of $(0.1) million and $0.4 million, respectively.
We previously used an interest rate swap to manage exposure to variable cash flows on portions of our borrowings under our 2026 Term Loan. The interest rate swap agreement allowed us to receive a variable rate cash flow based on LIBOR and
pay a fixed rate cash flow. During the six months ended June 30, 2020 we recognized a realized loss on the interest rate swap of $53.9 million. During the second quarter of 2020, we terminated this interest rate swap.
Dividends
The following table details our dividend activity:
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| Three months ended |  | Six months ended
Dividends declared per share of: | June 30, 2021 |  | June 30, 2020 |  | June 30, 2021 |  | June 30, 2020
Common Stock | $0.35 |  | $0.35 |  | $0.70 |  | $0.75
Series B Preferred Stock | 0.50 |  | 0.50 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00

Subsequent Events
Refer to "Note 20 - Subsequent Events" to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for disclosure regarding significant transactions that occurred subsequent to June 30, 2021.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, fund and maintain our assets and operations, make distributions to our stockholders and other general business needs. As of June 30, 2021, we had $1.9 billion, at face value, of corporate debt and $3.7 billion of asset specific financings. We have no corporate debt maturities until August 2022. As of June 30, 2021, we had $205 million of cash on hand and $21.9 million of approved and undrawn capacity from our secured debt arrangements. In addition, we have a significant amount of unencumbered loan assets. In light of COVID-19 and its severe impact on the economy we have taken steps to increase our cash balances in order to maintain an adequate level of liquidity to meet future outflows. As the duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the efficacy of the vaccines or other remedies and the speed of their distribution and administration, remain unknown, so does the impact it will have on our borrowers, lenders, and the economy as a whole. We will continue to closely monitor developments related to COVID-19 as it relates to our liquidity position and financial obligations. At this time we believe we have the ability to generate and obtain adequate amounts of cash to meet financial obligations. See "Contractual Obligations and Commitments" below for further detail.
Debt-to-Equity Ratio
The following table presents our debt-to-equity ratio:

| June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Debt to Equity Ratio (1) | 2.3 |  | 1.8

———————
(1)Represents total debt less cash and loan proceeds held by se rvicer (recorded with Other Assets, see "Note 6 - Other Assets" for more information) to total stockholders' equity.
Our primary sources of liquidity are as follows:
Cash Generated from Operations
Cash from operations is generally comprised of interest income from our investments, net of any associated financing expense, principal repayments from our investments, net of associated financing repayments, proceeds from the sale of investments, and changes in working capital balances. See "Results of Operations – Loan Portfolio Overview" above for a summary of interest rates related to our investment portfolio as of June 30, 2021.
Borrowings Under Various Financing Arrangements
JPMorgan Facility
In November 2019, through three indirect who lly-owned subsidiaries, we entered into a Sixth Amended and Restated Master Repurchase Agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association. The JPMorgan Facility allows for $1.3 billion of maximum borrowings (with amounts borrowed in GBP and EUR converted to USD for purposes of calculating availability based on the greater of the spot rate as of the initial financing under the corresponding mortgage loan and the then-current spot rate) and matures in June 2022 and has two one-year extensions available at our option, which are subject to certain conditions. The JPMorgan Facility enables us to elect to receive advances in USD, GBP, or EUR. Margin calls may occur any time at specified aggregate margin deficit thresholds.
As of June 30, 2021, we had $1.3 billion (including £83.1 million and €60.0 million assuming conversion into USD) of borrowings outstanding under the JPMorgan Facility secured by certain of our commercial mortgage loans.
DB Facility
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In March 2020, through an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, we entered into a Third Amended and Restated Master Repurchase Agreement with Deutsche Bank AG, Cayman Islands Branch, London Branch (the "DB Facility"). During the first quarter of 2021, we amended the DB Facility to reduce the commitment from $1.0 billion to $700.0 million ($413.3 million drawn at June 30, 2021) fo r the sale and repurchase of eligible first mortgage loans secured by commercial or multifamily properties, located in the United States, United Kingdom and the European Union, and enables us to elect to receive advances in USD, GBP, or EUR. The DB Facility matures in March 2022, and has a one-year extension available at our option, subject to certain conditions. Margin calls may occur any time at specified aggregate margin deficit thresholds.
As of June 30, 2021, we had $413.3 million of borrowings outstanding under the DB Facility secured by certain of our commercial mortgage loans.
Goldman Facility
In November 2017, through an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, we entered into a master repurchase and securities contract agreement with Goldman Sachs Bank USA, which provides advances up to $500.0 million and matures in November 2021. In addition, the Goldman Facility contains a two-year amortization period subsequent to the November 2021 maturity, which allows for the refinancing or pay down of assets under the facility. Margin calls may occur any time at specified margin deficit thresholds.
As of June 30, 2021, we had $134.0 million of borrowings outstanding under the Goldman Facility secured by certain of our commercial mortgage loans.
CS Facility - USD
In July 2018, through an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, we entered into a Master Repurchase Agreement with Credit Suisse AG, acting through its Cayman Islands Branch and Alpine Securitization Ltd, which provides for advances for the sale and repurchase of eligible commercial mortgage loans secured by real estate. The CS Facility — USD has an "evergreen" feature such that the facility continues unless terminated at any time by Credit Suisse with six months' notice. Margin calls may occur any time at specified aggregate margin deficit thresholds.
As of June 30, 2021, we had $189.2 million of borrowings outstanding under the CS Facility — USD secured by certain of our commercial mortgage loans.
HSBC Facility - EUR
In July 2019, through an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, we entered into a secured debt arrangement with HSBC Bank plc, which provides for a single asset financing. The HSBC Facility — EUR was extended during the six months ended June 30, 2021 and matures in July 2022. Margin calls may occur any time at specified aggregate margin deficit thresholds.
As of June 30, 2021, we had $169.9 million (€143.3 million assuming conversion into USD) of borrowings outstanding under the HSBC Facility — EUR secured by one commercial mortgage loan.
Barclays Facility - USD
In March 2020, through an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, we entered into a secured debt arrangement pursuant to a Master Repurchase Agreement with Barclays Bank plc. The Barclays Facility — USD allows for $200.0 million of maximum borrowings and initially matures in March 2023 with extensions available at our option, subject to certain conditions. Margin calls may occur any time at specified aggregate margin deficit thresholds.
As of June 30, 2021, we had $32.7 million of borrowings outstanding under the Barclays Facility — USD secured by one commercial mortgage loan.
Barclays Private Securitization
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In June 2020, through a newly formed entity, we entered into a private securitization with Barclays Bank plc, of which Barclays Bank plc retained $782.0 million of senior notes. The Barclays Private Securitization finances the loans that were previously financed under the Barclays Facility - GBP/EUR. In June 2020, we pledged an additional commercial mortgage loan with an outstanding principal balance of £26.0 million and pledged additional collateral of a financed loan of €5.3 million as of June 30, 2020. During the quarter ended March 31, 2021, we pledged two additional commercial mortgage loans with outstanding principal balances of $227.4 million (£165.0 million assuming conversion into USD) and $187.4 million (kr1.6 billion assuming conversion into USD) as of March 31, 2021. During the quarter ended June 30, 2021, we pledged an additional commercial mortgage loan with an outstanding principal balance of $281.7 million (€237.6 million assuming conversion into USD), and pledged additional collateral of a financed loan of $114.7 million (kr1.0 billion assuming conversion into USD).
The Barclays Private Securitization eliminates daily margining provisions and grants us significant discretion to modify certain terms of the underlying collateral including waiving certain loan-level covenant breaches and deferring or waiving of debt service payments for up to 18 months. The securitization includes LTV based covenants with significant headroom to previous levels included in the Barclays Facility - GBP/EUR. These deleveraging requirements are based on significant declines in the value of the collateral as determined by an annual third-party (engaged by us) appraisal process tied to the provisions of the underlying loan agreements. We believe this provides us with both cushion and predictability to avoid sudden unexpected outcomes and material repayment requirements. In addition to the pledge of the additional collateral noted above, we paid down the previous financing by €16.5 million (totaling $18.5 million in USD) and agreed to increase the financing spreads by 0.25%.
The table below provides the borrowings outstanding (on an as converted basis) and weighted-average fully-extended maturities by currency for the assets financed under the Barclays Private Securitization as of June 30, 2021 ($ in thousands):

| Borrowings outstanding |  | Fully-Extended Maturity(1)
Total/Weighted-Average GBP | $881,976 |  | August 2024
Total/Weighted-Average SEK | 242,964 |  | May 2022
Total/Weighted-Average EUR | 370,492 |  | June 2022(2)
Total/Weighted-Average Securitization | $1,495,432 |  | September 2023

———————
(1)Assumes underlying loans extend to fully extended maturity and extensions at our option are exercised.
(2)The EUR portion of the Barclays Private Securitization has an "evergreen" feature such that the facility continues for one year and can be terminated by either party on certain dates with, depending on the date of notice, a minimum of nine to twelve months' notice.
As of June 30, 2021, we had $1.5 billion (£637.7 million, €312.4 million, and kr2.1 billion assuming conversion into USD) of borrowings outstanding under the Barclays Private Securitization secured by certain of our commercial mortgage loans.
Debt Covenants
The guarantees related to our secured debt arrangements contain the following financial covenants: (i) tangible net worth must be greater than $1.25 billion plus 75% of the net cash proceeds of any equity issuance after March 31, 2017 (ii) our ratio of total indebtedness to tangible net worth cannot be greater than 3.75:1; and (iii) our liquidity cannot be less than an amount equal to the greater of 5% of total recourse indebtedness or $30.0 million. Under these covenants, our General CECL Allowance is added back to our tangible net worth calculation.
We were in compliance with the covenants under each of our secured debt arrangements at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Senior Secured Term Loan
In May 2019, we entered into the $500.0 million 2026 Term Loan. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, we repaid $3.3 million of principal related to the 2026 Term Loan. The 2026 Term Loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 2.75%, was issued at a price of 99.5%, and matures in May 2026.
In March 2021, we entered into the $300.0 million 2028 Term Loan. The 2028 Term Loan bears interest at LIBOR (with a floor of 0.50%) plus 3.50%, was issued at a price of 99.0%, and matures in March 2028.
The outstanding Term Loans principal balance as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was $789.3 million and $492.5 million, respectively. The Term Loans contain restrictions relating to liens, asset sales, indebtedness, and investments in non-wholly owned entities. The Term Loans include the following financial covenants: (i) our ratio of total recourse debt to
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tangible net worth cannot be greater than 3:1; and (ii) our ratio of total unencumbered assets to total pari-passu indebtedness must be at least 1.25:1.
Senior Secured Notes
In June 2021, we issued $500.0 million of 4.625% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 (the "2029 Notes"), for which we received net proceeds of $495.0 million, after offering expenses. The 2029 Notes will mature on June 15, 2029, unless earlier repurchased or redeemed. The 2029 Notes are secured by a first-priority lien, and rank pari passu in right of payment with all of our existing and future first lien obligations, including indebtedness under the Term Loans. The 2029 Notes were issued at par and contain covenants relating to liens, indebtedness, and investments in non-wholly owned entities.
As of June 30, 2021, the 2029 Notes had a carrying value of $493.7 million net of deferred financing costs of $6.3 million. The 2029 notes requires that we maintain a ratio of total unencumbered assets to total pari-passu indebtedness of at least 1.20:1.
Convertible Senior Notes
In two separate offerings during 2017, we issued an aggregate principal amount of $345.0 million of 4.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022, for which we received $337.5 million, after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses. At June 30, 2021, the 2022 Notes had a carrying value of $341.7 million and an unamortized discount of $3.3 million.
During the fourth quarter of 2018, we issued $230.0 million of 5.375% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023, for which we received $223.7 million after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses. At June 30, 2021, the 2023 Notes had a carrying value of $226.1 million and an unamortized discount of $3.9 million.
Other Potential Sources of Financing
Our primary sources of cash currently consist of cash available, which was $204.6 million as of June 30, 2021, principal and interest payments we receive on our portfolio of assets, and available borrowings under our secured debt arrangements. We expect our other sources of cash to consist of cash generated from operations and prepayments of principal received on our portfolio of assets. Such prepayments are difficult to estimate in advance. Depending on market conditions, we may utilize additional borrowings as a source of cash, which may also include additional secured debt arrangements as well as other borrowings or conduct additional public and private debt and equity offerings. As of June 30, 2021 we also held $2.0 billion of unencumbered assets, consisting of $1.1 billion of senior mortgages and $0.9 billion of mezzanine loans.
We maintain policies relating to our borrowings and use of leverage. See "Leverage Policies" below. In the future, we may seek to raise further equity or debt capital or engage in other forms of borrowings in order to fund future investments or to refinance expiring indebtedness.
We generally intend to hold our target assets as long-term investments, although we may sell certain of our investments in order to manage our interest rate risk and liquidity needs, meet other operating objectives and adapt to market conditions.
To maintain our qualification as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, we must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain. These distribution requirements limit our ability to retain earnings and replenish or increase capital for operations.
Leverage Policies
We use leverage for the sole purpose of financing our portfolio and not for the purpose of speculating on changes in interest rates. In addition to our secured debt arrangements and senior secured term loan, we access additional sources of borrowings. Our charter and bylaws do not limit the amount of indebtedness we can incur; however, we are subject to and carefully monitor the limits placed on us by our credit providers and those that assign ratings on our Company.
At June 30, 2021, our debt-to-equity ratio was 2.3 and our portfolio was comprised of $6.7 billion of commercial mortgage loans and $0.9 billion of subordinate loans and other lending assets. In order to achieve our return on equity, we generally finance our mortgage loans with 2.0 to 3.0 turns of leverage and generally do not finance our subordinate loan portfolio given built-in inherent structural leverage. Consequently, depending on our portfolio mix, our debt-to-equity ratio may exceed our previously disclosed thresholds.
Investment Guidelines
Our current investment guidelines, approved by our board of directors, are comprised of the following:
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•no investment will be made that would cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
•no investment will be made that would cause us to register as an investment company under the 1940 Act;
•investments will be predominantly in our target assets;
•no more than 20% of our cash equity (on a consolidated basis) will be invested in any single investment at the time of the investment; and
•until appropriate investments can be identified, the Manager may invest the proceeds of any offering in interest bearing, short-term investments, including money market accounts and/or funds, that are consistent with our intention to qualify as a REIT.
The board of directors must approve any change in or waiver to these investment guidelines.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
Our contractual obligations including expected interest payments as of June 30, 2021 are summarized as follows ($ in thousands):

| Less than 1 year (1) |  | 1 to 2 years(1) |  | 2 to 3 years (1) |  | 3 to 5 years (1) |  | More than 5 years (1) |  | Total
Secured debt arrangements(1)(2) | $ | 938,650 |  |  | $ | 819,993 |  |  | $ | 1,605,270 |  |  | $ | 491,843 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,855,756 |
Senior Secured Notes | 23,125 |  |  | 23,125 |  |  | 23,125 |  |  | 46,250 |  |  | 1,065,868 |  |  | 1,181,493 |
Senior secured term loan(2) | 34,158 |  |  | 33,892 |  |  | 33,697 |  |  | 529,725 |  |  | 303,650 |  |  | 935,122 |
Convertible senior notes | 28,750 |  |  | 359,881 |  |  | 234,121 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 622,752 |
Unfunded loan commitments (3) | 598,269 |  |  | 459,990 |  |  | 160,291 |  |  | 1,627 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,220,178 |
Total | $ | 1,622,952 |  |  | $ | 1,696,881 |  |  | $ | 2,056,504 |  |  | $ | 1,069,445 |  |  | $ | 1,369,518 |  |  | $ | 7,815,301 |

———————
(1) Assumes underlying assets are financed through the fully extended maturity date of the secured debt arrangement.
(2) Based on the applicable benchmark rates as of June 30, 2021 on the floating rate debt for interest payments due.
(3) Based on fully extended maturity and our expected funding schedule, which is based upon the Manager’s estimates based upon the best information available to the Manager at the time. There is no assurance that the payments will occur in accordance with these estimates or at all, which could affect our operating results. Refer to "Note 17 – Commitments and Contingencies" for further detail regarding unfunded loan commitments.
Loan Commitments. As of June 30, 2021, we had $1.2 billion of unfunded loan commitments, comprised of $1.2 billion related to our commercial mortgage loan portfolio, and $14.6 million related to our subordinate loan portfolio.
Management Agreement. On September 23, 2009, we entered into the Management Agreement with the Manager pursuant to which the Manager is entitled to receive a management fee and the reimbursement of certain expenses. The table above does not include amounts due under the Management Agreement as those obligations do not have fixed and determinable payments. Pursuant to the Management Agreement, the Manager is entitled to a base management fee calculated and payable quarterly in arrears in an amount equal to 1.5% of our stockholders’ equity (as defined in the Management Agreement), per annum. The Manager will use the proceeds from its management fee in part to pay compensation to its officers and personnel. We do not reimburse the Manager or its affiliates for the salaries and other compensation of their personnel, except for the allocable share of the compensation of (1) our Chief Financial Officer based on the percentage of time spent on our affairs and (2) other corporate finance, tax, accounting, internal audit, legal, risk management, operations, compliance and other non-investment professional personnel of the Manager or its affiliates who spend all or a portion of their time managing our affairs based on the percentage of time devoted by such personnel to our affairs. We are also required to reimburse the Manager for operating expenses related to us incurred by the Manager, including expenses relating to legal, accounting, due diligence and other services. Expense reimbursements to the Manager are made in cash on a monthly basis following the end of each month. Our reimbursement obligation is not subject to any dollar limitation.
The current term of the Management Agreement will expire on September 29, 2021. Absent certain action by the independent directors of our board of directors, as described below, the Management Agreement will automatically renew on each anniversary for a one-year term. The Management Agreement may be terminated upon expiration of the one-year term only upon the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of our independent directors, based upon (1) unsatisfactory performance by the Manager that is materially detrimental to us or (2) a determination that the management fee payable to the Manager is not fair, subject to the Manager’s right to prevent such a termination based on unfair fees by accepting a mutually acceptable reduction of management fees agreed to by at least two-thirds of our independent directors. The Manager must be provided with
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written notice of any such termination at least 180 days prior to the expiration of the then existing term and will be paid a termination fee equal to three times the sum of the average annual base management fee during the 24-month period immediately preceding the date of termination, calculated as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal quarter prior to the date of termination. Amounts payable under the Management Agreement are not fixed and determinable. Following a meeting by our independent directors in February 2021, which included a discussion of the Manager’s performance and the level of the management fees thereunder, we determined not to terminate the Management Agreement.
Forward Currency Contracts. We use forward currency contracts to economically hedge interest and principal payments due under our loans denominated in currencies other than USD. We have entered into a series of forward contracts to sell an amount of foreign currency (GBP, SEK and EUR) for an agreed upon amount of USD at various dates through May 2026. These forward contracts were executed to economically fix the USD amounts of foreign denominated cash flows expected to be received by us related to foreign denominated loan investments. Refer to "Note 11- Derivatives" to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for details regarding our forward currency contracts.
Interest Rate Cap. In June 2020, we entered into an interest rate cap for approximately $1.1 million. We use our interest rate cap to manage exposure to variable cash flows on our borrowings under our senior secured term loan by effectively limiting LIBOR from exceeding 0.75%. Refer to "Note 11- Derivatives" to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for details regarding our interest rate cap.
Off-balance Sheet Arrangements
As of June 30, 2021, we have interests in two unconsolidated joint ventures, each of which owns underlying properties that secure one of our first mortgage loans, respectively. The unconsolidated joint ventures were deemed to be VIEs, of which we are not the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the VIEs are not consolidated in our condensed consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2021. Our maximum exposure to loss from these commercial mortgage loans is limited to their carrying value, which as of June 30, 2021 was $224.6 million.
Dividends
We intend to continue to make regular quarterly distributions to holders of our common stock. U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that we pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that we annually distribute less than 100% of our net taxable income. We generally intend over time to pay dividends to our stockholders in an amount equal to our net taxable income, if and to the extent authorized by our board of directors. Any distributions we make are at the discretion of our board of directors and depend upon, among other things, our actual results of operations. These results and our ability to pay distributions are affected by various factors, including the net interest and other income from our portfolio, our operating expenses and any other expenditures. If our cash available for distribution is less than our net taxable income, we could be required to sell assets or borrow funds to make cash distributions or we may make a portion of the required distribution in the form of a taxable stock distribution or distribution of debt securities.
As of June 30, 2021, we had 6,770,393 shares of Series B Preferred Stock outstanding, which entitles holders to receive dividends that are payable quarterly in arrears. The Series B Preferred Stock pay cumulative cash dividends, which are payable quarterly in equal amounts in arrears on the 15th day of each January, April, July and October: (i) from, and including, the original date of issuance of the Series B Preferred Stock to, but excluding, September 20, 2020, at an initial rate of 8.00% per annum of the $25.00 per share liquidation preference; and (ii) from, and including, September 20, 2020, at the rate per annum equal to the greater of (a) 8.00% and (b) a floating rate equal to the 3-month LIBOR rate as calculated on each applicable date of determination plus 6.46% of the $25.00 liquidation preference. Except under certain limited circumstances, the Series B Preferred Stock is generally not convertible into or exchangeable for any other property or any other of our securities at the election of the holders. We may, at our option, redeem the shares at a redemption price of $25.00, plus any accrued unpaid distribution through the date of the redemption.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Distributable Earnings
Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2020 to more appropriately reflect the principal purpose of the measure, "Operating Earnings" was relabeled "Distributable Earnings", a non-GAAP financial measure. The definition continues to be net income (loss) available to common stockholders, computed in accordance with GAAP, adjusted for (i) equity-based compensation expense (a portion of which may become cash-based upon final vesting and settlement of awards should the holder elect net share settlement to satisfy income tax withholding), (ii) any unrealized gains or losses or other non-cash items (including depreciation and amortization related to real estate owned) included in net income available to common stockholder s, (iii) unrealized income from unconsolidated joint ventures, (iv) foreign currency gains (losses), other than (a) realized gains/(losses)
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related to interest income, and (b) forward point gains/(losses) realized on our foreign currency hedges, (v) the non-cash amortization expense related to the reclassification of a portion of the Convertible Notes to stockholders’ equity in accordance with GAAP, and (vi) provision for loan losses. Distributable Earnings may also be adjusted to exclude certain other non-cash items, as determined by the Manager and approved by a majority of our independent directors. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, our Distributable Earnings were $38.8 million, or $0.27 per share, and $94.4 million, or $0.66 per share, respectively as compared to $(11.3) million, or $(0.07) per share, and $51.4 million, or $0.33 per share, respectively, for the same period in the prior year.
The weighted-average diluted shares outstanding used for Distributable Earnings per weighted-average diluted share has been adjusted from weighted-average diluted shares under GAAP to exclude shares issued from a potential conversion of the Convertible Notes. Consistent with the treatment of other unrealized adjustments to Distributable Earnings, these potentially issuable shares are excluded until a conversion occurs, which we believe is a useful presentation for investors. We believe that excluding shares issued in connection with a potential conversion of the Convertible Notes from our computation of Distributable Earnings per weighted average diluted share is useful to investors for various reasons, including the following: (i) conversion of Convertible Notes to shares requires both the holder of a note to elect to convert the Convertible Note and for us to elect to settle the conversion in the form of shares (ii) future conversion decisions by note holders will be based on our stock price in the future, which is presently not determinable; (iii) the exclusion of shares issued in connection with a potential conversion of the Convertible Notes from the computation of Distributable Earnings per weighted-average diluted share is consistent with how we treat other unrealized items in our computation of Distributable Earnings per weighted-average diluted share; and (iv) we believe that when evaluating our operating performance, investors and potential investors consider our Distributable Earnings relative to our actual distributions, which are based on shares outstanding and not shares that might be issued in the future.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, 28,533,271 weighted-average potentially issuable shares with respect to the Convertible Notes were included in the dilutive earnings per share denominator. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, all of the potentially issuable shares with respect to the Convertible Notes were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because the effect was anti-dilutive while for the three months ended June 30, 2020 the same number of potentially issuable shares were included in the calculation of diluted net income per share because the effect was dilutive. Refer to "Note 19 -Net Income (Loss) per Share" for further discussion.
The table below summarizes the reconciliation from weighted-average diluted shares under GAAP to the weighted-average diluted shares used for Distributable Earnings ($ in thousands, except Price):

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Weighted-Averages | Shares |  | Shares |  | Shares |  | Shares
Diluted shares - GAAP | 170,832,186 |  |  | 182,083,702 |  |  | 170,812,544 |  |  | 152,735,852 |
Potential shares issued under conversion of the Convertible Notes | (28,533,271) |  |  | (28,533,271) |  |  | (28,533,271) |  |  | — |
Unvested RSUs | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,017,080 |
Diluted shares - Distributable Earnings | 142,298,915 |  |  | 153,550,431 |  |  | 142,279,273 |  |  | 154,752,932 |

As a REIT, U.S. federal income tax law generally requires us to distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that we pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that we annually distribute less than 100% of our net taxable income. Given these requirements and our belief that dividends are generally one of the principal reasons stockholders invest in a REIT, we generally intend over time to pay dividends to our stockholders in an amount equal to our net taxable income, if and to the extent authorized by our board of directors. Distributable Earnings is a key factor considered by the board of directors in setting the dividend and as such we believe Distributable Earnings is useful to investors.
As discussed in “Note 11 - Derivatives” we terminated our interest rate swap, which we used to manage exposure to variable cash flows on our borrowings under our senior secured term loan, in the second quarter of 2020 and recorded a realized loss in our condensed consolidated statement of operations. We have not had an interest rate swap on our condensed consolidated balance sheet since this termination. In addition, as discussed in “Note 4 - Commercial Mortgage, Subordinate Loans and Other Lending Assets, Net,” we recorded a net realized loss on the sale of seven of our commercial real estate loans, two restructurings, one payoff of a previously impaired loan, and one foreclosure.
We also believe it is useful to our investors t o present Distributable Earnings prior to realized losses and impairments on real estate owned, investments and interest rate swap to reflect our operating results because (i) our operating results are primarily comprised of earning interest income on our investments net of borrowing and administrative costs, which comprise
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our ongoing operations and (ii) it has been a useful factor related to our dividend per share because it is one of the considerations when a dividend is determined. We believe that our investors use Distributable Earnings and Distributable Earnings prior to realized losses and impairments on real estate owned, investments and interest rate swap, or a comparable supplemental performance measure, to evaluate and compare the performance of our company and our peers.
A significant limitation associated with Distributable Earnings as a measure of our financial performance over any period is that it excludes unrealized gains (losses) from investments. In addition, our presentation of Distributable Earnings may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures of other companies, that use different calculations. As a result, Distributable Earnings should not be considered as a substitute for our GAAP net income as a measure of our financial performance or any measure of our liquidity under GAAP. Distributable Earnings are reduced for realized losses on loans which include losses that management believes are near certain to be realized.
The table below summarizes the reconciliation from net income available to common stockholders to Distributable Earnings and Distributable Earnings prior to realized losses and impairments on real estate owned, investments and interest rate swap ($ in thousands):

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders | $ | 64,306 |  |  | $ | 56,816 |  |  | $ | 119,256 |  |  | $ | (74,411) |
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity-based compensation expense | 4,357 |  |  | 4,252 |  |  | 8,744 |  |  | 8,515 |
Unrealized loss on interest rate swap | — |  |  | (50,018) |  |  | — |  |  | (14,470) |
(Gain) Loss on foreign currency forwards | 3,094 |  |  | 2,995 |  |  | (6,706) |  |  | (67,496) |
Foreign currency (gain) loss, net | (4,054) |  |  | (2,559) |  |  | 3,395 |  |  | 35,390 |
Unrealized (gain) loss on interest rate cap | 111 |  |  | (738) |  |  | (246) |  |  | (738) |
Realized gains (losses) relating to interest income on foreign currency hedges, net | (719) |  |  | 1,088 |  |  | (1,339) |  |  | 1,344 |
Realized gains relating to forward points on foreign currency hedges, net | 6 |  |  | 1,318 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 3,489 |
Amortization of the convertible senior notes related to equity reclassification | 812 |  |  | 765 |  |  | 1,612 |  |  | 1,519 |
Depreciation and amortization on real estate owned | 452 |  |  | — |  |  | 452 |  |  | — |
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses and impairments | (29,586) |  |  | (25,169) |  |  | (30,824) |  |  | 158,296 |
Realized losses and impairments on real estate owned and investments | 20,000 |  |  | 16,405 |  |  | 20,550 |  |  | 16,405 |
Realized loss on interest rate swap | — |  |  | 53,851 |  |  | — |  |  | 53,851 |
Total adjustments: | (5,527) |  |  | 2,190 |  |  | (4,350) |  |  | 196,105 |
Distributable Earnings prior to realized losses and impairments on real estate owned, investments, and interest rate swap | $ | 58,779 |  |  | $ | 59,006 |  |  | $ | 114,906 |  |  | $ | 121,694 |
Realized losses and impairments on real estate owned and investments | $ | (20,000) |  |  | $ | (16,405) |  |  | $ | (20,550) |  |  | $ | (16,405) |
Realized loss on interest rate swap | — |  |  | (53,851) |  |  | — |  |  | (53,851) |
Distributable Earnings | $ | 38,779 |  |  | $ | (11,250) |  |  | $ | 94,356 |  |  | $ | 51,438 |
Diluted Distributable Earnings per share prior to realized losses and impairments on real estate owned, investments, and interest rate swap | $ | 0.41 |  |  | $ | 0.38 |  |  | $ | 0.81 |  |  | $ | 0.79 |
Diluted Distributable Earnings per share of common stock | $ | 0.27 |  |  | $ | (0.07) |  |  | $ | 0.66 |  |  | $ | 0.33 |
Weighted-average diluted shares - Distributable Earnings | 142,298,915 |  |  | 153,550,431 |  |  | 142,279,273 |  |  | 154,752,932 |

Book Value Per Share
The table below calculates our book value per share ($ in thousands, except per share data):
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| June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Stockholders' Equity | $ | 2,294,608 |  |  | $ | 2,270,529 |
Series B Preferred Stock (Liquidation Preference) | (169,260) |  |  | (169,260) |
Common Stockholders' Equity | $ | 2,125,348 |  |  | $ | 2,101,269 |
Common Stock | 139,884,060 |  |  | 139,295,867 |
Book value per share | $ | 15.19 |  |  | $ | 15.08 |

The table below shows the changes in our book value per share:

| Book value per share
Book value per share at December 31, 2020 | $ | 15.08 |
General CECL Allowance | 0.30 |
Book value per share at December 31, 2020 prior to General CECL Allowance | $ | 15.38 |
Earnings in excess of dividends | 0.10 |
Net reversal of Specific CECL Allowance | 0.07 |
Net unrealized gain on currency hedges | 0.01 |
Vesting and delivery of RSUs | (0.08) |
Book value per share at June 30, 2021 prior to General CECL Allowance and depreciation and amortization | $ | 15.48 |
General CECL Allowance and depreciation and amortization | (0.29) |
Book value per share at June 30, 2021 | $ | 15.19 |

We believe that presenting book value per share with sub-totals prior to the CECL Allowances and depreciation and amortization is useful for investors for various reasons, including, among other things, analyzing our compliance with financial covenants related to tangible net worth and debt-to-equity under our secured debt arrangements and senior secured term loan, which permit us to add the General CECL Allowance to our GAAP stockholders' equity. Given that our lenders consider book value per share prior to the General CECL Allowance as an important metric related to our debt covenants, we believe disclosing book value per share prior to the General CECL Allowance is important to investors such that they have the same visibility. We further believe that presenting book value before depreciation and amortization is useful to investors since it is a non-cash expense included in net income and is not representative of our core business and ongoing operations.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We seek to manage our risks related to the credit quality of our assets, interest rates, liquidity, prepayment speeds and market value, while, at the same time, seeking to provide an opportunity to stockholders to realize attractive risk-adjusted returns through ownership of our capital stock. While risks are inherent in any business enterprise, we seek to quantify and justify risks in light of available returns and to maintain capital levels consistent with the risks we undertake.
Credit Risk
One of our strategic focuses is acquiring assets that we believe to be of high credit quality. We believe this strategy will generally keep our credit losses and financing costs low. However, we are subject to varying degrees of credit risk in connection with our other target assets. We seek to mitigate this risk by seeking to acquire high quality assets, at appropriate prices given anticipated and unanticipated losses, and by deploying a value-driven approach to underwriting and diligence, consistent with the Manager’s historical investment strategy, with a focus on current cash flows and potential risks to cash flow. The Manager seeks to enhance its due diligence and underwriting efforts by accessing the Manager’s knowledge base and industry contacts. Nevertheless, unanticipated credit losses could occur, which could adversely impact our operating results.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including fiscal and monetary policies and domestic and international economic and political considerations, as well as other factors beyond our control. We are subject to interest rate risk in connection with our target assets and our related financing obligations.
To the extent consistent with maintaining our REIT qualification, we seek to manage risk exposure to protect our portfolio of financial assets against the effects of major interest rate changes. We generally seek to manage this risk by:
•attempting to structure our financing agreements to have a range of different maturities, terms, amortizations and interest rate adjustment periods;
•using hedging instruments and interest rate swaps, when we deem appropriate; and
•to the extent available and appropriate, using securitization financing to better match the maturity of our financing with the duration of our assets.
The following table estimates the hypothetical impact on our net interest income for the twelve-month period following June 30, 2021, assuming an immediate increase or decrease of 50 basis points in the applicable interest rate benchmark by currency ($ in thousands, except per share data):

|  |  |  | 50 basis point increase |  | 50 basis point decrease
Currency |  | Net floating rate assets subject to interest rate sensitivity |  | Decrease to net interest income (1)(2) |  | Decrease to net interest income (per share) (1)(2) |  | Increase to net interest income (1)(2) |  | Increase to net interest income (per share) (1)(2)
USD |  | $ | 1,453,705 |  |  | $ | (7,492) |  |  | $ | (0.05) |  |  | $ | 1,708 |  |  | $ | 0.01 |
GBP |  | 629,107 |  |  | 284 |  |  | — |  |  | 58 |  |  | — |
SEK |  | 60,741 |  |  | 270 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
EUR |  | 297,752 |  |  | 1,473 |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total: |  | $ | 2,441,305 |  |  | $ | (5,465) |  |  | $ | (0.04) |  |  | $ | 1,766 |  |  | $ | 0.01 |

———————
(1)Any such hypothetical impact on interest rates on our variable rate borrowings does not consider the effect of any change in overall economic activity that could occur in a rising or falling interest rate environment. Further, in the event of a change in interest rates of that magnitude, we may take actions to further mitigate our exposure to such a change. However, due to the uncertainty of the specific actions that would be taken and their possible effects, this analysis assumes no changes in our financial structure.
(2)Certain of our floating rate loans are subject to a LIBOR floor.
Prepayment Risk
Prepayment risk is the risk that principal will be repaid at a different rate than anticipated, causing the return on an asset to be less than expected. In certain cases, we adapt to prepayment risk by stating prepayment penalties in loan agreements.
Market Risk
Commercial mortgage assets are subject to volatility and may be affected adversely by a number of factors, including, but
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not limited to, national, regional and local economic conditions (which may be adversely affected by industry slowdowns and other factors); local real estate conditions; changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments; construction quality, age and design; demographic factors; retroactive changes to building or similar codes; pandemics; natural disasters and other acts of god. In addition, decreases in property values reduce the value of the collateral and the potential proceeds available to a borrower to repay the underlying loans or loans, as the case may be, which could also cause us to suffer losses. Market volatility has been particularly heightened due to the COVID-19 global pandemic. COVID-19 has disrupted economic activities and could have a continued significant adverse effect on economic and market conditions including limited lending from financial institutions, depressed asset values, and limited market liquidity.
Inflation
Virtually all of our assets and liabilities are interest rate sensitive in nature. As a result, interest rates and other factors influence our performance far more so than does inflation. Changes in interest rates do not necessarily correlate with inflation rates or changes in inflation rates. Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and distributions are determined by our board of directors consistent with our obligation to distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, excluding net capital gains and determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction, on an annual basis in order to maintain our REIT qualification. In each case, our activities and balance sheet are measured with reference to historical cost and/or fair market value without considering inflation.
Currency Risk
Some of our loans and secured debt arrangements are denominated in a foreign currency and subject to risks related to fluctuations in currency rates. We seek to mitigate this exposure through foreign currency forward contracts, which match the net principal and interest of our foreign currency loans and secured debt arrangements.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, based on their evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) required by paragraph (b) of Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15, have concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to give reasonable assurances to the timely collection, evaluation and disclosure of information relating to ARI that would potentially be subject to disclosure under the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
During the period ended June 30, 2021, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that it will detect or uncover failures within ARI to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in our periodic reports.
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may be involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. See "Note 17-Commitments and Contingencies" for further detail regarding legal proceedings.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
For information regarding factors that could affect our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, see the risk factors discussed in "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our Annual Report.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Not Applicable.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not Applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
Item 6. Exhibits

3.1 |  | Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Form S-11, as amended (Registration No. 333-160533).
3.2 |  | By-laws of Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 of the Registrant’s Form S-4 (Registration No. 333-210632).
3.3 |  | Articles Supplementary designating Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance, Inc.'s 7.25% Series B-1 Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, liquidation preference $25.00 per share, par value $0.01 per share, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant's Form 8-K filed on July 20, 2021 (File No.: 001-34452)
4.1 |  | Specimen Stock Certificate of Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant’s Form S-11, as amended (Registration No. 333-160533).

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4.3 |  | Indenture, dated as of March 17, 2014, between the Registrant and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on March 21, 2014 (File No.: 001-34452).
4.4 |  | Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 21, 2017, between the Registrant and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee (including the form of 4.75% Convertible Senior Note due 2022), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on August 21, 2017 (File No.: 001-34452).
4.5 |  | Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 5, 2018 between the Registrant and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee (including the form of 5.375% Convertible Senior Note due 2023), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Registrant's Form 8-K filed on October 5, 2018 (File No.: 001-34452).
4.6 |  | Indenture dated as of June 29, 2021, by and among Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance, Inc., as issuer, ACREFI Operating, LLC, ARM Operating, LLC and ACREFI Mortgage Lending, LLC, as guarantors, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee and notes collateral agent (including the form of Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance, Inc.’s 4.625% Senior Secured Notes due 2029), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant's Form 8-K filed on July 6, 2021 (File No.: 001-34452).
31.1* |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2* |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1* |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS* |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
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* | Filed herewith.

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  | Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance, Inc.
July 26, 2021 |  |  | By: |  |  | /s/ Stuart A. Rothstein
|  |  |  |  |  | Stuart A. Rothstein
|  |  |  |  |  | President and Chief Executive Officer
|  |  |  |  |  | (Principal Executive Officer)

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July 26, 2021 |  | By: |  | /s/ Jai Agarwal
|  |  |  | Jai Agarwal Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

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