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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) | Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) was comprised of the following for the periods indicated (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
United States | $ | (167,908 | ) |  | $ | (128,396 | ) |  | $ | 30,795 |
Foreign | 81,369 |  |  | (53,326 | ) |  | 112,634 |
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) | $ | (86,539 | ) |  | $ | (181,722 | ) |  | $ | 143,429 |
Income taxes have been provided for based upon the tax laws and rates in the countries in which operations are conducted and income is earned. Components of income tax expense (benefit) consist of the following for the periods indicated (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Current |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal | $ | — |  |  | $ | (13,389 | ) |  | $ | 3,141 |
U.S. state and local | (15 | ) |  | 379 |  |  | (1,424 | )
Foreign | 10,516 |  |  | 14,903 |  |  | 30,734 |
Total current | 10,501 |  |  | 1,893 |  |  | 32,451 |
Deferred |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal | 56,621 |  |  | (25,838 | ) |  | 8,138 |
U.S. state and local | 2,420 |  |  | (1,512 | ) |  | (3,042 | )
Foreign | 3,376 |  |  | (186 | ) |  | (228 | )
Total deferred | 62,417 |  |  | (27,536 | ) |  | 4,868 |
Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 72,918 |  |  | $ | (25,643 | ) |  | $ | 37,319 |
Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign | Foreign taxes were incurred in the following regions for the periods indicated (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Latin America | $ | 5,469 |  |  | $ | 1,159 |  |  | $ | 6,077 |
West Africa | 3,243 |  |  | 3,687 |  |  | 8,413 |
Middle East | 1,633 |  |  | 1,880 |  |  | 5,474 |
Europe | 1,348 |  |  | 5,132 |  |  | 3,317 |
Asia Pacific | 1,388 |  |  | 1,364 |  |  | 1,454 |
Other | 812 |  |  | 1,495 |  |  | 5,771 |
Total foreign income tax expense | $ | 13,893 |  |  | $ | 14,717 |  |  | $ | 30,506 |
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation | A reconciliation of the differences between the income tax provision computed at the 35% U.S. statutory rate in effect at December 31, 2017 and the reported provision for income taxes for the periods indicated is as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Income tax expense (benefit) at statutory rate | $ | (30,289 | ) |  | $ | (63,603 | ) |  | $ | 50,200 |
Branch profits tax | (4,871 | ) |  | (3,805 | ) |  | 4,654 |
State taxes, net of federal benefit | 2,405 |  |  | (674 | ) |  | (2,758 | )
Restricted stock units tax shortfall | 1,651 |  |  | 2,758 |  |  | 1,152 |
Taxes on foreign earnings at less than the U.S. statutory rate | (22,464 | ) |  | 30,737 |  |  | (15,367 | )
Effect of tax rate change | 23,843 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Tax effect of TRA derecognition | 46,874 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Establishment of valuation allowances | 51,911 |  |  | 2,644 |  |  | 2,798 |
Return-to-provision adjustments | 3,551 |  |  | (1,130 | ) |  | (854 | )
Noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | 7,367 |  |  | (2,991 | )
Other | 307 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 485 |
Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 72,918 |  |  | $ | (25,643 | ) |  | $ | 37,319 |
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):
| December 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016
Deferred tax assets |  |  |
Foreign net operating loss | $ | 13,023 |  |  | $ | 5,442 |
U.S. net operating loss | 52,289 |  |  | 42,578 |
Research and development credit | 297 |  |  | 297 |
TRA | 566 |  |  | 49,775 |
Intangibles | 5,935 |  |  | 6,939 |
Inventory | 1,488 |  |  | 1,161 |
Investment in partnership | 20,248 |  |  | 16,713 |
Other | 419 |  |  | 1,240 |
Valuation allowance | (60,524 | ) |  | (5,442 | )
Total deferred tax assets | 33,741 |  |  | 118,703 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  |
Investment in partnership | (23,594 | ) |  | (45,022 | )
Property and equipment | (4,293 | ) |  | (7,898 | )
Goodwill | (5,854 | ) |  | (7,147 | )
Other | (229 | ) |  | (278 | )
Total deferred liabilities | (33,970 | ) |  | (60,345 | )
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) | $ | (229 | ) |  | $ | 58,358 |

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