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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

For interim financial reporting, we estimate the annual tax rate based on projected pre-tax income (loss) for the full year and record a quarterly income tax provision (benefit) in accordance with accounting guidance for income taxes. As the year progresses, we refine the estimate of the year's pre-tax income (loss) as new information becomes available. The continual estimation process often results in a change to the expected effective tax rate for the year. When this occurs, we adjust the income tax provision (benefit) during the quarter in which the change in estimate occurs so that the year-to-date provision reflects the most current expected annual tax rate.

Our effective tax rate was (17.9)% and 25.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. In the current period we have a negative tax rate primarily due to recording tax expense in various foreign jurisdictions even though we had a net consolidated loss for the current period. We also recorded additional tax expense due to establishing valuation allowances against deferred tax assets generated in the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions during the first quarter of 2018. In the first quarter of 2017, we did not record valuation allowances against our U.S. deferred tax assets or the corresponding tax expense.

In determining that a valuation allowance must be recorded in the current period, we assessed the available positive and negative evidence and concluded that it is not more likely than not that sufficient future taxable income would be generated to permit the use of our deferred tax assets. This conclusion is primarily the result of cumulative losses incurred in the most recent three-year period, and uncertainty regarding when we will return to profitability. The amount of deferred tax asset considered realizable and the related need for a valuation allowance may be adjusted in future periods as the available evidence changes.

We are under audit by the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions for the years 2014 - 2016. We do not expect the results of these audits to have any material effect on our financial statements.

As of March 31, 2018, there were no significant changes to our unrecognized tax benefits as reported in our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017.