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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) | Loss before income tax expense (benefit) was comprised of the following for the periods indicated (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
United States | $ | (85,342 | ) |  | $ | (167,908 | ) |  | $ | (128,396 | )
Foreign | (8,341 | ) |  | 81,369 |  |  | (53,326 | )
Loss before income tax expense (benefit) | $ | (93,683 | ) |  | $ | (86,539 | ) |  | $ | (181,722 | )
Income taxes have been provided for based upon the tax laws and rates in the countries in which operations are conducted and income is earned. Components of income tax expense (benefit) consist of the following for the periods indicated (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Current |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (13,389 | )
U.S. state and local | 7 |  |  | (15 | ) |  | 379 |
Foreign | 11,677 |  |  | 10,516 |  |  | 14,903 |
Total current | 11,684 |  |  | 10,501 |  |  | 1,893 |
Deferred |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal | — |  |  | 56,621 |  |  | (25,838 | )
U.S. state and local | — |  |  | 2,420 |  |  | (1,512 | )
Foreign | (14,634 | ) |  | 3,376 |  |  | (186 | )
Total deferred | (14,634 | ) |  | 62,417 |  |  | (27,536 | )
Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ | (2,950 | ) |  | $ | 72,918 |  |  | $ | (25,643 | )
Schedule of Foreign Taxes Incurred | Foreign taxes were incurred in the following regions for the periods indicated (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Latin America | $ | 1,261 |  |  | $ | 5,469 |  |  | $ | 1,159 |
West Africa | 2,692 |  |  | 3,243 |  |  | 3,687 |
Middle East | 2,249 |  |  | 1,633 |  |  | 1,880 |
Europe | 461 |  |  | 1,348 |  |  | 5,132 |
Asia Pacific | 922 |  |  | 1,388 |  |  | 1,364 |
Other | (10,542 | ) |  | 812 |  |  | 1,495 |
Total foreign income tax expense (benefit) | $ | (2,957 | ) |  | $ | 13,893 |  |  | $ | 14,717 |
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation | A reconciliation of the differences between the income tax provision computed at the 21% U.S. statutory rate in effect at December 31, 2018 and the reported provision for income taxes for the periods indicated is as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Income tax expense (benefit) at statutory rate | $ | (19,673 | ) |  | $ | (30,289 | ) |  | $ | (63,603 | )
Branch profits tax | (4,267 | ) |  | (4,871 | ) |  | (3,805 | )
State taxes, net of federal benefit | (27 | ) |  | 2,405 |  |  | (674 | )
Restricted stock units tax shortfall | 1,025 |  |  | 1,651 |  |  | 2,758 |
Taxes on foreign earnings at less than the U.S. statutory rate | 13,095 |  |  | (22,464 | ) |  | 30,737 |
Effect of tax rate change | (2,929 | ) |  | 23,843 |  |  | — |
Effect of moving activity to higher tax rate jurisdiction | (14,620 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Management fee charged to international operations | 1,515 |  |  | 1,213 |  |  | — |
Tax effect of TRA derecognition | — |  |  | 46,874 |  |  | — |
Establishment of valuation allowances | 22,892 |  |  | 51,911 |  |  | 2,644 |
Return-to-provision adjustments | (521 | ) |  | 3,551 |  |  | (1,130 | )
Noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,367 |
Other | 560 |  |  | (906 | ) |  | 63 |
Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ | (2,950 | ) |  | $ | 72,918 |  |  | $ | (25,643 | )
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):
| December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Deferred tax assets |  |  |
Foreign net operating loss | $ | 13,290 |  |  | $ | 13,023 |
U.S. net operating loss | 76,349 |  |  | 52,289 |
Research and development credit | 609 |  |  | 297 |
TRA | — |  |  | 566 |
Intangibles | 5,933 |  |  | 5,935 |
Inventory | 2,350 |  |  | 1,488 |
Property and equipment | 14,621 |  |  | — |
Investment in partnership | 23,931 |  |  | 20,248 |
Other | 773 |  |  | 419 |
Valuation allowance | (84,972 | ) |  | (60,524 | )
Total deferred tax assets | 52,884 |  |  | 33,741 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  |
Investment in partnership | (27,352 | ) |  | (23,594 | )
Property and equipment | (3,652 | ) |  | (4,293 | )
Goodwill | (7,259 | ) |  | (5,854 | )
Other | (221 | ) |  | (229 | )
Total deferred liabilities | (38,484 | ) |  | (33,970 | )
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) | $ | 14,400 |  |  | $ | (229 | )
Summary of Operating Loss Carryforwards | These tax attributes expire as follows:
Year of Expiration |  | U.S. NOLs |  | Foreign NOLs |  | R&D Credits
2019 - 2023 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,022 |  |  | $ | — |
2024 - 2028 |  | — |  |  | 1,901 |  |  | — |
2028 - 2038 |  | 194,381 |  |  | 208 |  |  | 609 |
Does not expire |  | 78,315 |  |  | 42,852 |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 272,696 |  |  | $ | 53,983 |  |  | $ | 609 |
Summary of Tax Credit Carryforwards | These tax attributes expire as follows:
Year of Expiration |  | U.S. NOLs |  | Foreign NOLs |  | R&D Credits
2019 - 2023 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,022 |  |  | $ | — |
2024 - 2028 |  | — |  |  | 1,901 |  |  | — |
2028 - 2038 |  | 194,381 |  |  | 208 |  |  | 609 |
Does not expire |  | 78,315 |  |  | 42,852 |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 272,696 |  |  | $ | 53,983 |  |  | $ | 609 |

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