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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Loss before income tax expense (benefit) was comprised of the following for the periods indicated (in thousands):
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
$
(85,342
)
 
$
(167,908
)
 
$
(128,396
)
Foreign
(8,341
)
 
81,369

 
(53,326
)
Loss before income tax expense (benefit)
$
(93,683
)
 
$
(86,539
)
 
$
(181,722
)


Income taxes have been provided for based upon the tax laws and rates in the countries in which operations are conducted and income is earned. Components of income tax expense (benefit) consist of the following for the periods indicated (in thousands):
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Current
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. federal
$

 
$

 
$
(13,389
)
U.S. state and local
7

 
(15
)
 
379

Foreign
11,677

 
10,516

 
14,903

Total current
11,684

 
10,501

 
1,893

 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. federal

 
56,621

 
(25,838
)
U.S. state and local

 
2,420

 
(1,512
)
Foreign
(14,634
)
 
3,376

 
(186
)
Total deferred
(14,634
)
 
62,417

 
(27,536
)
Total income tax expense (benefit)
$
(2,950
)
 
$
72,918

 
$
(25,643
)
Schedule of Foreign Taxes Incurred
Foreign taxes were incurred in the following regions for the periods indicated (in thousands):
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
Latin America
$
1,261

 
$
5,469

 
$
1,159

West Africa
2,692

 
3,243

 
3,687

Middle East
2,249

 
1,633

 
1,880

Europe
461

 
1,348

 
5,132

Asia Pacific
922

 
1,388

 
1,364

Other
(10,542
)
 
812

 
1,495

Total foreign income tax expense (benefit)
$
(2,957
)
 
$
13,893

 
$
14,717

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
A reconciliation of the differences between the income tax provision computed at the 21% U.S. statutory rate in effect at December 31, 2018 and the reported provision for income taxes for the periods indicated is as follows (in thousands):
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income tax expense (benefit) at statutory rate
$
(19,673
)
 
$
(30,289
)
 
$
(63,603
)
Branch profits tax
(4,267
)
 
(4,871
)
 
(3,805
)
State taxes, net of federal benefit
(27
)
 
2,405

 
(674
)
Restricted stock units tax shortfall
1,025

 
1,651

 
2,758

Taxes on foreign earnings at less than the U.S. statutory rate
13,095

 
(22,464
)
 
30,737

Effect of tax rate change
(2,929
)
 
23,843

 

Effect of moving activity to higher tax rate jurisdiction
(14,620
)
 

 

Management fee charged to international operations
1,515

 
1,213

 

Tax effect of TRA derecognition

 
46,874

 

Establishment of valuation allowances
22,892

 
51,911

 
2,644

Return-to-provision adjustments
(521
)
 
3,551

 
(1,130
)
Noncontrolling interest

 

 
7,367

Other
560

 
(906
)
 
63

Total income tax expense (benefit)
$
(2,950
)
 
$
72,918

 
$
(25,643
)
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
Deferred tax assets
 
 
 
Foreign net operating loss
$
13,290

 
$
13,023

U.S. net operating loss
76,349

 
52,289

Research and development credit
609

 
297

TRA

 
566

Intangibles
5,933

 
5,935

Inventory
2,350

 
1,488

Property and equipment
14,621

 

Investment in partnership
23,931

 
20,248

Other
773

 
419

Valuation allowance
(84,972
)
 
(60,524
)
Total deferred tax assets
52,884

 
33,741

 
 
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities
 
 
 
Investment in partnership
(27,352
)
 
(23,594
)
Property and equipment
(3,652
)
 
(4,293
)
Goodwill
(7,259
)
 
(5,854
)
Other
(221
)
 
(229
)
Total deferred liabilities
(38,484
)
 
(33,970
)
 
 
 
 
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)
$
14,400

 
$
(229
)
Summary of Operating Loss Carryforwards
These tax attributes expire as follows:
Year of Expiration
 
U.S. NOLs
 
Foreign NOLs
 
R&D Credits
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2019 - 2023
 
$

 
$
9,022

 
$

2024 - 2028
 

 
1,901

 

2028 - 2038
 
194,381

 
208

 
609

Does not expire
 
78,315

 
42,852

 

 
 
$
272,696

 
$
53,983

 
$
609

Summary of Tax Credit Carryforwards
These tax attributes expire as follows:
Year of Expiration
 
U.S. NOLs
 
Foreign NOLs
 
R&D Credits
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2019 - 2023
 
$

 
$
9,022

 
$

2024 - 2028
 

 
1,901

 

2028 - 2038
 
194,381

 
208

 
609

Does not expire
 
78,315

 
42,852

 

 
 
$
272,696

 
$
53,983

 
$
609