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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes

For interim financial reporting, we estimate the annual tax rate based on projected pre-tax income (loss) for the full year and record a quarterly income tax provision (benefit) in accordance with accounting guidance for income taxes. As the year progresses, we refine the estimate of the year’s pre-tax income (loss) as new information becomes available. The continual estimation process often results in a change to the expected effective tax rate for the year. When this occurs, we adjust the income tax provision (benefit) during the quarter in which the change in estimate occurs so that the year-to-date provision reflects the most current expected annual tax rate.

Our effective tax rate was (44.2)% and 51.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and (43.5)% and 2.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in tax rates compared to the same period last year is primarily the result of an increase in taxable income and a change in the jurisdiction mix resulting in additional revenue-based taxes during 2019. Also impacting the three months ending September 30, 2018 was a significant tax benefit recorded to update the estimated effective tax rate. Finally, the nine months ending September 30, 2019 included expense related to recording additional valuation allowances related to certain indefinite-lived intangibles. We are subject to tax in many U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. In many foreign
jurisdictions we are taxed on bases other than income such as deemed profits or withholding taxes based on revenue. Consequently, the relationship between our pre-tax income and our income tax provision varies from period to period.

We are under audit by certain foreign jurisdictions for the years 2008 - 2017. We do not expect the results of these audits to have any material effect on our financial statements.

As of September 30, 2019, there were no significant changes to our uncertain tax positions as reported in our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018.