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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Components of Income Tax Provision

The components of the income tax provision (benefit) are as follows (in thousands):

		December 31,
		2017				2016				2015
Federal:
Current		$	130,053			$	166,758			$	168,596
Deferred			(63,038	)			15,596				12,866
			67,015				182,354				181,462
State:
Current			20,070				4,296				20,948
Deferred			2,965				2,553				1,628
			23,035				6,849				22,576
Total		$	90,050			$	189,203			$	204,038

Schedule of Differences Between Effective Rate and United States Federal Income Tax Statutory Rate

The differences between the effective rate and the United States federal income tax statutory rate are as follows:

		December 31,
		2017				2016				2015
Tax at statutory rate			35.00	%			35.00	%			35.00	%
State income tax, net of federal benefit			3.33				2.94				2.97
Non-deductible expenses			0.49				0.43				0.34
Change in accrual estimates relating to uncertain tax positions			0.02				(2.11	)			(0.43	)
Change in valuation allowance			—				0.48				0.29
Other, net			0.16				0.06				(0.41	)
Change in tax law			(17.06	)			—				—
Income tax provision			21.94	%			36.80	%			37.76	%

Significant Components of Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities

All of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as long-term. The significant components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):

		December 31,
		2017				2016
Allowance for uncollectible accounts		$	80,056			$	103,525
Reserves and accruals			45,454				62,212
Stock-based compensation			7,975				13,726
Net operating loss carryforward			28,569				49,156
Property and equipment			685				1,621
Other			970				1,610
Deferred tax assets before valuation allowance			163,709				231,850
Less: Valuation allowance			(2,615	)			(4,014	)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance			161,094				227,836
Gross deferred tax liabilities:
Amortization			(258,618	)			(380,594	)
Accrual to cash adjustment			(31,290	)			(53,771	)
Other			(4,150	)			(1,023	)
Total deferred tax liabilities			(294,058	)			(435,388	)
Net deferred tax liability		$	(132,964	)		$	(207,552	)

Schedule of Activity Related to Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s liability for uncertain tax positions for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

		Years Ended December 31,
		2017				2016				2015
Balance at beginning of year		$	9,469			$	18,447			$	17,165
Increases related to prior year tax positions			2,284				301				467
Decreases related to prior year tax positions			(143	)			(3,927	)			(1,168	)
Increases related to current year tax positions			1,430				2,258				3,675
Settlements			—				(5,644	)			—
Decreases related to lapse of statutes of limitation			(2,068	)			(1,966	)			(1,692	)
Balance at end of year		$	10,972			$	9,469			$	18,447

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Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.

+ References

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-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
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Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets.

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Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.

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Tabular disclosure for tax positions taken in the tax returns filed or to be filed for which it is more likely than not that the tax position will not be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities and other income tax contingencies. Includes, but is not limited to, interest and penalties, reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits, unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate, tax years that remain subject to examination by tax jurisdictions, and information about positions for which it is reasonably possible that amounts unrecognized will significantly change within 12 months.

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