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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Summary of Components of Income Tax Provision

The components of the income tax provision (benefit) are as follows (in thousands):

 

     December 31,  
     2018      2017      2016  

Federal:

        

Current

   $ 97,754      $ 130,053      $ 166,758  

Deferred

     (20,176      (63,038      15,596  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     77,578        67,015        182,354  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

State:

        

Current

     26,605        20,070        4,296  

Deferred

     (3,973      2,965        2,553  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     22,632        23,035        6,849  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 100,210      $ 90,050      $ 189,203  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
Schedule of Differences Between Effective Rate and United States Federal Income Tax Statutory Rate

The differences between the effective rate and the United States federal income tax statutory rate are as follows:

 

     December 31,  
     2018     2017     2016  

Tax at statutory rate

     21.00     35.00     35.00

State income tax, net of federal benefit

     4.80       3.33       2.94  

Non-deductible expenses

     0.44       0.49       0.43  

Change in accrual estimates relating to uncertain tax positions

     0.05       0.02       (2.11

Change in valuation allowance

     —         —         0.48  

Other, net

     1.20       0.16       0.06  

Change in tax law

     (0.32     (17.06     —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income tax provision

     27.17     21.94     36.80
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
Significant Components of Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities

All of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as long-term. The significant components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):

 

     December 31,  
     2018      2017  

Allowance for uncollectible accounts

   $ 194,876      $ 80,056  

Reserves and accruals

     59,270        45,454  

Stock-based compensation

     9,201        7,975  

Net operating loss carryforward

     25,226        28,569  

Property and equipment

     26        685  

Other

     1,197        970  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Deferred tax assets before valuation allowance

     289,796        163,709  

Less: Valuation allowance

     (2,628      (2,615
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance

     287,168        161,094  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Gross deferred tax liabilities:

     

Amortization

     (286,552      (258,618
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Accounting method changes

     (109,418      (4,150

Accrual to cash adjustment

     (39      (31,290

Other

     (489      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total deferred tax liabilities

     (396,498      (294,058
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net deferred tax liability

   $ (109,330    $ (132,964
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
Schedule of Activity Related to Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s liability for uncertain tax positions for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
     2018      2017      2016  

Balance at beginning of year

   $ 10,972      $ 9,469      $ 18,447  

Increases related to prior year tax positions

     385        2,284        301  

Decreases related to prior year tax positions

     —          (143      (3,927

Increases related to current year tax positions

     2,900        1,430        2,258  

Settlements

     —          —          (5,644

Decreases related to lapse of statutes of limitation

     (3,072      (2,068      (1,966
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance at end of year

   $ 11,185      $ 10,972      $ 9,469