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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Summary of Components of Income Tax Provision
The components of the income tax provision (benefit) are as follows (in thousands):
 
December 31,
 
 
2019
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Federal:
   
     
     
 
Current
  $
73,333
    $
95,955
    $
122,379
 
Deferred
   
(141,359
)    
(21,386
)    
(63,981
)
                         
   
(68,026
)    
74,569
     
58,398
 
                         
State:
   
     
     
 
Current
   
11,777
     
26,145
     
19,084
 
Deferred
   
(35,637
)    
(4,261
)    
2,749
 
                         
   
(23,860
)    
21,884
     
21,833
 
                         
Total
  $
(91,886
)   $
96,453
    $
80,231
 
                         
Schedule of Differences Between Effective Rate and United States Federal Income Tax Statutory Rate
The differences between the effective rate and the United States federal income tax statutory rate are as follows:
 
December 31,
 
 
2019
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Tax at statutory rate
   
21.00
%    
21.00
%    
35.00
%
State income tax, net of federal benefit
   
3.85
     
4.35
     
3.38
 
Non-deductible
expenses
   
(0.22
   
0.42
     
0.48
 
Change in accrual estimates relating to uncertain tax positions
   
0.36
     
0.02
     
 
 
 
Capital loss on liquidation 
 
 
 
1.79
 
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
 
—  
 
Change in valuation allowance
   
(1.73
)
   
—  
     
—  
 
Impairments
 
 
(17.16
)
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
—  
 
Other, net
   
(0.49
   
1.70
     
0.10
 
Change in tax law
   
—  
     
(0.32
)    
(18.16
)
                         
Income tax provision
   
7.40
%    
27.17
%    
20.80
%
                         
Significant Components of Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities
 
All of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as long-term. The significant components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):
 
December 31,
 
 
2019
 
 
2018
 
Allowance for uncollectible accounts
  $
202,464
    $
194,299
 
Reserves and accruals
   
72,132
     
56,583
 
Stock-based compensation
   
11,393
     
9,201
 
Loss carryforwards 
   
36,017
     
24,864
 
Property and equipment
   
388
     
—  
 
Other
   
631
     
1,197
 
                 
Deferred tax assets before valuation allowance
   
323,025
     
286,144
 
Less: Valuation allowance
   
(24,139
)    
(2,628
)
                 
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance
   
298,886
     
283,516
 
                 
Gross deferred tax liabilities:
   
     
 
Amortization
   
(119,481
)    
(247,239
)
Accounting method changes
   
(74,684
)    
(109,418
)
Accrual to cash adjustment
   
     
(39
)
Other
   
(331
)    
(491
)
                 
Total deferred tax liabilities
   
(194,496
)    
(357,187
)
                 
Net deferred tax
 assets (
liabilities
)
  $
104,390
    $
(73,671
)
                 
Schedule of Activity Related to Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits
The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s liability for uncertain tax positions for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):
 
                         
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
 
2019
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Balance at beginning of year
  $
11,185
    $
10,972
    $
9,469
 
Increases related to prior year tax positions
   
369
     
385
     
2,284
 
Decreases related to prior year tax positions
   
—  
     
—  
     
(143
)
Increases related to current year tax positions
   
1,700
     
2,900
     
1,430
 
Decreases related to lapse of statutes of limitation
   
(5,845
)    
(3,072
)    
(2,068
)
                         
Balance at end of year
  $
7,409
    $
 
 
11,185
    $
10,972