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Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Business Omnicell, Inc. was incorporated in California in 1992 under the name Omnicell Technologies, Inc. and reincorporated in Delaware in 2001 as Omnicell, Inc. The Company’s major products and related services are medication management solutions and adherence tools for healthcare systems and pharmacies, which are sold in its principal market, the healthcare industry. The Company’s market is primarily located in the United States and Europe. “Omnicell” or the “Company” collectively refer to Omnicell, Inc. and its subsidiaries. Basis of Presentation The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) and include all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented. Principles of Consolidation The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. On September 9, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of RxInnovation Inc., operating as FDS Amplicare (“FDS Amplicare”); on December 29, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of ReCept Holdings, Inc. (“ReCept”); and on December 31, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of MarkeTouch Media, LLC (“MarkeTouch Media”). The Consolidated Financial Statements include the results of operations of these recently acquired companies, commencing as of the respective acquisition dates. The significant accounting policies of the acquired businesses have been aligned to conform to the accounting policies of Omnicell. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions believed to be reasonable. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that may impact the Company in the future, actual results may be different from the estimates. The Company’s critical accounting policies are those that affect its financial statements materially and involve difficult, subjective, or complex judgments by management. Those policies are revenue recognition; allowance for credit losses for accounts receivable and unbilled receivables; notes receivable from investment in sales-type leases; operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities; inventory valuation; capitalized software development costs; impairment of goodwill; purchased intangibles and long-lived assets; fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations; convertible senior notes; share-based compensation; and accounting for income taxes. As of December 31, 2021, the Company is not aware of any events or circumstances that would require an update to its estimates, judgments, or revisions to the carrying value of its assets or liabilities. Segment Reporting The Company manages its operations as a single segment for the purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions. The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) is its Chief Executive Officer. The CODM allocates resources and evaluates the performance of the Company at the consolidated level using information about its revenues, gross profit, income from operations, and other key financial data. All significant operating decisions are based upon an analysis of the Company as one operating segment, which is the same as its reporting segment. Foreign Currency Translation and Remeasurement Most of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries use the local currency of their respective countries as their functional currency. The Company translates the assets and liabilities of such non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiaries into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the end of each period. Revenue and expenses for these subsidiaries are translated using rates that approximate those in effect during the period. Gains and losses from these translations are recorded as foreign currency translation adjustments and included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. Assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are remeasured into the respective entity’s functional currency. Monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured at exchange rates in effect at the end of each period, and non-monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured at historical rates. Gains and losses from foreign currency remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities are recorded in interest and other income (expense), net. Revenue Recognition The Company earns revenues from sales of its products and related services, which are sold in the healthcare industry, its principal market. The Company’s customer arrangements typically include one or more of the following revenue categories: Connected devices, software licenses, and other. Software-enabled connected devices and software licenses that manage and regulate the storage and dispensing of pharmaceuticals, consumables blister cards, and packaging equipment and other supplies. This revenue category is often sold through long-term, sole-source agreements with multi-year co-development plans. Solutions in this category include, but are not limited to, XT Series automated dispensing systems, the XR2 Automated Central Pharmacy System, and IV compounding automation solutions. Technical services. Post-installation technical support and other related services, including phone support, on-site service, parts, and access to unspecified software updates and enhancements, if and when available. This revenue category is often supported by multi-year or annual contractual agreements. Consumables. Medication adherence packaging, labeling, and other one-time use packaging including multimed adherence packaging and single dose blister cards which are used by retail, community, and outpatient pharmacies, as well as by institutional pharmacies serving long-term care and other sites outside the acute care hospital, and are designed to improve patient engagement and adherence to prescriptions. Software-as-a-service (“SaaS”), subscription software, and technology-enabled services. Emerging software and service solutions which are offered on a subscription basis with fees typically based either on transaction volume or a fee over a specified period of time. Solutions in this category include, but are not limited to, EnlivenHealth inclusive of FDS Amplicare and MarkeTouch Media, 340B solutions, ReCept management services, and services associated with Omnicell One, Central Pharmacy Dispensing Services, including the XR2 Automated Central Pharmacy system, and Central Pharmacy Compounding Services, including IV compounding automation solutions. The following table summarizes revenue recognition for each revenue category which is further discussed below:
Revenue Category |  |  |  | Timing of Revenue Recognition |  | Income Statement Classification
Connected devices, software licenses, and other |  |  |  | Point in time, as transfer of control occurs, generally upon installation and acceptance by the customer |  | Product
Technical services |  |  |  | Over time, as services are provided, typically ratably over the service term |  | Service
Consumables |  |  |  | Point in time, as transfer of control occurs, generally upon shipment to or receipt by customer |  | Product
SaaS, subscription software, and technology-enabled services |  |  |  | Over time, as services are provided |  | Service
Prior to recognizing revenue, the Company identifies the contract, performance obligations, and transaction price, and allocates the transaction price to the performance obligations. All identified contracts meet the following required criteria: Parties to the contract have approved the contract (in writing, orally, or in accordance with other customary business practices) and are committed to perform their respective obligations. A majority of the Company’s contracts are evidenced by a non-cancelable written agreement. Contracts for consumable products are generally evidenced by an order placed via phone or a purchase order. Entity can identify each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred. Contract terms are documented within the written agreements. Where a written contract does not exist, such as for consumable products, the rights of each party are understood as following the Company’s standard business process and terms. The entity can identify the payment terms for the goods or services to be transferred. Payment terms are documented within the agreement and are generally net 30 to 60 days from shipment of tangible product or services performed for customers in the United States. Where a written contract does not exist, the Company’s standard payment terms are net 30 day terms. The contract has commercial substance (that is the risk, timing, or amount of the entity’s future cash flows is expected to change as a result of the contract). The Company’s agreements are an exchange of cash for a combination of products and services which result in changes in the amount of the Company’s future cash flows. It is probable the entity will collect the consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer. The Company performs a credit check for all significant customers or transactions and where collectability is not probable, payment in full or a substantial down payment prior to shipment is typically required to help assure the full agreed upon contract price will be collected. Distinct goods or services are identified as performance obligations. A series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer to the customer are considered a single performance obligation. Where a good or service is determined not to be distinct, the Company combines the good or service with other promised goods or services until a bundle of goods or services that is distinct is identified. To identify its performance obligations, the Company considers all of the products or services promised in the contract regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or are implied by customary business practices. When performance obligations are included in separate contracts, the Company considers an entire customer arrangement to determine if separate contracts should be considered combined for the purposes of revenue recognition. Most of the Company’s sales, other than renewals of support and maintenance, contain multiple performance obligations, with a combination of hardware systems, software products, consumables, support and maintenance, and professional services. The transaction price of a contract is determined based on the fixed consideration, net of an estimate for variable consideration such as various discounts or rebates provided to customers. As a result of the Company’s commercial selling practices, contract prices are generally fixed with minimal, if any, variable consideration. The transaction price is allocated to separate performance obligations proportionally based on the standalone selling price of each performance obligation. Standalone selling price is best evidenced by the price the Company charges for the good or service when selling it separately in similar circumstances to similar customers. Other than for the renewal of annual support services contracts, the Company’s products and services are not generally sold separately. The Company uses an amount discounted from the list price as a best estimated selling price. The Company recognizes revenue when the performance obligation has been satisfied by transferring a promised good or service to a customer. The good or service is transferred when or as the customer obtains control of the good or service. Determining when control transfers requires management to make judgments that affect the timing of revenues recognized. Generally, for products requiring a complex implementation, control passes when the product is installed and ready for use. For all other products, control generally passes when product has been shipped and title has passed. For maintenance contracts and certain other services, including SaaS, subscription software, and technology-enabled services, provided on a subscription basis, control passes to the customer over time, generally ratably over the service term as the Company provides a stand-ready service for the customer’s equipment. Time and material services transfer control to the customer at the time the services are provided. The portion of the transaction price allocated to the Company’s unsatisfied performance obligations recorded as deferred revenues, net of deferred cost of goods sold, at December 31, 2021 and 2020 were $132.4 million and $105.7 million, respectively, of which $112.2 million and $100.1 million, respectively, are expected to be completed within one year and are presented as current deferred revenues, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Remaining performance obligations primarily relate to maintenance contracts and are recognized ratably over the remaining term of the contract, generally not more than five years. Revenues, contract assets, and contract liabilities are recorded net of associated taxes. The Company generally invoices customers for products upon shipment. Invoicing associated with the service portion of agreements are generally periodic and are billed on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis. In certain circumstances, multiple years are billed at one time. The amount invoiced for equipment and software is typically reflected in both accounts receivable and deferred revenues, net. The Company typically recognizes product revenue, and correspondingly reduces deferred revenues, net, for equipment and on-premise software upon written customer acceptance of installation. Consumables are recorded as revenue upon shipment to or receipt by the customer, depending upon contract terms. The portion of deferred revenues, net, not expected to be recognized as revenue within twelve months of the balance sheet date are included in long-term deferred revenues on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. From time to time, the Company enters into change orders which modify the product to be received by the customer pursuant to certain contracts. Changes to any contract are accounted for as a modification of the existing contract to the extent the goods and services to be delivered as part of the contract are generally consistent with the nature and type of those to be provided under the terms of the original contract. Examples of such change orders include the addition or removal of units of equipment or changes to the configuration of the equipment where the overall nature of the contract remains intact. The Company’s change orders generally result in the change being accounted for as modifications of existing contracts given the nature of the impacted orders. In the normal course of business, the Company typically does not accept product returns unless the item is defective as manufactured or the configuration of the product is incorrect. The Company establishes provisions for estimated returns based on historical product returns. The allowance for sales returns is not material to the Consolidated Financial Statements for any periods presented. The Company contracts with Group Purchasing Organizations (“GPOs”), each of which functions as a purchasing agent on behalf of member hospitals and other healthcare providers. The Company also has a Federal Supply Schedule Contract with the Department of Veterans Affairs (the “GSA Contract”), allowing the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Department of Defense, and other Federal government customers to purchase the Company’s products. Pursuant to the terms of GPO agreements and the GSA Contract, each member or agency contracts directly with Omnicell and can purchase the Company’s products at pre-negotiated contract terms and pricing. GPOs are often owned fully or in part by the Company’s customers, and the Company pays fees to the GPO on completed contracts. The Company also pays the Industrial Funding Fee (“IFF”) to the Department of Veterans Affairs under the GSA Contract. The Company considers these fees consideration paid to customers and records them as reductions to revenue. Fees to GPOs and the IFF were $17.5 million, $9.7 million, and $11.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The accounts receivable balances are with individual members of the GPOs and Federal agencies that purchase under the GSA Contract, and therefore no significant concentration of credit risk exists. During the year ended December 31, 2021, sales to members of the ten largest GPOs and Federal agencies that purchase under the GSA Contract accounted for approximately 67% of the Company’s total consolidated revenues. Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities A contract asset is a right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that the Company has transferred to a customer when that right is conditional and is not just subject to the passage of time. A receivable will be recorded on the balance sheet when the Company has unconditional rights to consideration. A contract liability is an obligation to transfer goods or services for which the Company has received consideration, or for which an amount of consideration is due from the customer. Contract liabilities include customer deposits under non-cancelable contracts, and current and non-current deferred revenue balances. The Company’s contract balances are reported in a net contract asset or liability position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. Significant changes in the contract assets and the contract liabilities balances during the period are the result of the issuance of invoices and recognition of deferred revenues in the normal course of business. The contract modifications entered into during the year ended December 31, 2021 did not have a significant impact on the Company’s contract assets or deferred revenues. Contract Costs The Company has determined that certain incentive portions of its sales commission plans require capitalization since these payments are directly related to sales achieved during a time period. These commissions are earned on the basis of the total purchase order value of new product bookings. Since there are no commensurate commissions earned on renewal of the service bookings, the Company concluded that the capitalized asset is related to services provided under both the initial contract and renewal periods. The Company applies a practical expedient to account for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as part of a portfolio of contracts with similar characteristics as the Company expects the effect on the financial statements of applying the practical expedient would not differ materially from applying the accounting guidance to the individual contracts within the portfolio. A pool of contracts is defined as all contracts booked in a particular quarter. The amortization for the capitalized asset is an estimate of the pool’s original contract term, generally one to five years, plus an estimate of future customer renewal periods resulting in a total amortization period of ten years. Costs to obtain a contract are allocated amongst performance obligations and recognized as sales and marketing expense consistent with the pattern of revenue recognition. Capitalized costs are periodically reviewed for impairment. In accordance with GAAP, while certain compensation elements are expensed as incurred, a portion of the pool’s capitalized asset is recorded as an expense over the first five quarters after booking, which represents the estimated period during which the product revenue associated with the contract is recorded. The remaining capitalized contract costs are recorded as expense ratably over the ten year estimated initial and renewal service periods. The Company recognized contract cost expense of $25.8 million, $22.1 million, and $24.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The commission expenses paid or due to be paid as of the consolidated balance sheet date to be recognized in future periods are recorded in long-term prepaid commissions on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. There was no impairment loss recorded related to capitalized prepaid commissions as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021. Lessor Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. The transaction price is allocated to separate performance obligations, generally consisting of a combination of hardware systems, software products, support and maintenance, and professional services, proportionally based on the standalone selling price of each performance obligation. Standalone selling price is best evidenced by the price the Company charges for the good or service when selling it separately in similar circumstances to similar customers. Other than for the renewal of annual support services contracts, the Company’s products and services are not generally sold separately. The Company uses an amount discounted from the list price as a best estimated selling price. Sales-Type Leases The Company enters into non-cancelable sales-type lease arrangements, most of which do not have an option to extend the lease term. At the end of the lease term, the customer must either return the equipment or negotiate a new agreement, resulting in a new purchase or lease transaction. Failure of the customer to either return the equipment or negotiate a new agreement results in the contract becoming a month-to-month rental. Certain sales-type leases automatically renew for successive one-year periods at the end of each lease term without written notice from the customer. The Company’s sales-type lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees. For sales-type leases, the Company recognizes revenues for its hardware and software products, net of lease execution costs, post-installation product maintenance, and technical support, at the net present value of the lease payment stream upon customer acceptance. The Company recognizes service revenues associated with sales-type leases ratably over the term of the agreement in service revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company recognizes interest income from sales-type leases using the effective interest method. Both hardware and software revenues, and interest income from sales-types leases are recorded in product revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company optimizes cash flows by selling a majority of its non-U.S. government sales-type leases to third-party leasing finance companies on a non-recourse basis. The Company has no obligation to the leasing company once the lease has been sold. Some of the Company’s sales-type leases, mostly those relating to U.S. government hospitals which comprise approximately 69% of the lease receivable balance, are retained in-house. Operating Leases The Company entered into certain leasing agreements that were classified as operating leases prior to the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842, Leases. Those agreements in place prior to January 1, 2019 continue to be treated as operating leases, however, any leasing agreements entered into on or after January 1, 2019 under these programs are classified and accounted for as sales-type leases in accordance with ASC 842. The operating lease arrangements entered into prior to January 1, 2019 are non-cancelable, and most automatically renew for successive one-year periods at the end of each lease term absent written notice from the customer. The Company’s operating lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees. For operating leases, rental income is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the associated lease, and recorded in services and other revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Leased assets under operating leases are carried at amortized cost net of accumulated depreciation in property and equipment, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The depreciation expense of the leased assets is recognized on a straight-line basis over the contractual term of the associated lease, and recorded in cost of revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Allowance for Credit Losses The Company is exposed to credit losses primarily through sales of its products and services, as well as its sales-type leasing arrangements. The Company performs credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition in order to assess each customer’s ability to pay. These evaluations require significant judgment and are based on a variety of factors including, but not limited to, current economic trends, payment history, and a financial review of the customer. The Company continues to monitor customers’ creditworthiness on an ongoing basis. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses for accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, and net investment in sales-type leases based on expected credit losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. The allowance for credit losses is measured using a loss rate method, considering factors such as customers’ credit risk, historical loss experience, current conditions, and forecasts. The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective (pool) basis by aggregating customer balances with similar risk characteristics. The Company also records a specific allowance based on an analysis of individual past due balances or customer-specific information, such as a decline in creditworthiness or bankruptcy. Actual collection losses may differ from management’s estimates, and such differences could be material to the Company’s financial position and results of operations. The allowance for credit losses is presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as a deduction from the respective asset balance. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the allowance for credit losses for long-term unbilled receivables and net investment in sales-type leases were not material. Funds Held for Customers and Customer Fund Liabilities With the acquisition of the 340B Link Business and ReCept, the Company offers certain products and services in which it is customary for pharmacies or insurance payors to owe funds to the Company which are collected on behalf of, and, after a short holding period, disbursed to, the Company’s customers. The Company presents amounts due from pharmacies and amounts due to be disbursed to customers on a gross basis within other current assets and accrued liabilities, respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, as such amounts are expected to be settled within one year. Generally, any funds received from the pharmacies or insurance payors that are held by the Company are segregated from its other corporate cash accounts. These funds are classified as restricted cash as the Company is contractually obligated to disburse these amounts to customers. Sales of Accounts Receivable The Company records the sale of its accounts receivables in accordance with accounting guidance for transfers and servicing of financial assets. The Company transferred non-recourse accounts receivable totaling $46.7 million, $58.8 million, and $48.3 million during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively, which approximated fair value, to leasing companies on a non-recourse basis. Accounts receivable balance included approximately $5.6 million and $7.8 million due from third-party leasing companies for transferred non-recourse accounts receivable as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company classifies all highly-liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less as cash equivalents. The Company’s cash and cash equivalent balances include bank accounts and highly-liquid U.S. Government money market funds held in sweep and asset management accounts with financial institutions of high credit quality. The Company continuously monitors the credit worthiness of the financial institutions in which it invests. The Company has not experienced any credit losses from its cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents were $349.1 million and $485.9 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, cash equivalents were $320.2 million and $447.2 million, respectively, which consisted of money market funds held in sweep and asset management accounts. Financial Instruments For assets and liabilities measured at fair value, the amounts are based on an expected exit price representing the amount that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in a transaction between market participants. The fair value may be based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis whereby inputs used in valuation techniques are assigned a hierarchical level, as follows: Level 1 – Observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments; Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, or quoted prices for identical instruments in inactive markets; and Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for financial instruments reflecting Company’s assumptions. Interest Rate Swap Agreements The Company uses interest rate swap agreements to protect the Company against adverse fluctuations in interest rates by reducing its exposure to variability in cash flows relating to interest payments on a portion of its outstanding debt. The Company does not hold or issue any derivative financial instruments for speculative trading purposes. The Company's interest rate swap agreements qualify as cash flow hedging instruments in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The Company records its interest rate swap agreements on its Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The effective portion of changes in fair value are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. Any ineffective portion is recognized in earnings. On a quarterly basis, the Company performs a qualitative assessment to determine effectiveness. Refer to Note 5, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, for additional information. As of December 31, 2021, the Company did not have any outstanding interest rate swap agreements. Inventory Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, computed using the first-in, first-out method, and net realizable value. Inbound shipping costs are included in cost of inventory. The Company regularly monitors inventory quantities on hand and records write-downs for excess and obsolete inventories based on the Company’s estimate of demand for its products, potential obsolescence of technology, product life cycles, and whether pricing trends or forecasts indicate that the carrying value of inventory exceeds its estimated selling price. These factors are impacted by market and economic conditions, technology changes, and new product introductions and require estimates that may include elements that are uncertain. Actual demand may differ from forecasted demand and may have a material effect on gross margins. If inventory is written down, a new cost basis is established that cannot be increased in future periods. Shipments from suppliers or contract manufacturers before the Company receives them are recorded as in-transit inventory when title and the significant risks and rewards of ownership have passed to the Company. The Company has a supply agreement with one primary supplier for construction and supply of several sub-assemblies and inventory management of sub-assemblies used in its hardware products. There are no minimum purchase requirements. The contract with the Company’s supplier may be terminated by either the supplier or by the Company without cause and at any time upon delivery of six months’ notice. Purchases from this supplier were $103.2 million, $76.3 million, and $75.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Shipping Costs Outbound freight billed to customers is recorded as product revenue. The related shipping and handling costs are expensed as part of selling, general, and administrative expense. Shipping and handling expenses were $18.2 million, $15.6 million, and $15.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Property and Equipment Property and equipment less accumulated depreciation are stated at historical cost. The Company’s expenditures for property and equipment are primarily for computer equipment and software used in the administration of its business, and for leasehold improvements to its leased facilities. The Company also develops molds and dies used in long-term manufacturing arrangements with suppliers and for production automation equipment used in the manufacturing of consumable blister card components. Depreciation and amortization is computed by use of the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as stated below:
Computer equipment and related software | 3 - 5 years
Leasehold and building improvements | Shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life
Furniture and fixtures | 5 - 7 years
Equipment | 2 - 12 years
The Company capitalizes costs related to computer software developed or obtained for internal use in accordance with ASC 350-40, Internal-Use Software. Software obtained for internal use includes enterprise-level business and finance software that the Company customizes to meet its specific operational needs, as well as certain costs for the development of its subscription and cloud-based offerings sold to its customers. Costs incurred in the application development phase are capitalized and amortized over their useful lives, which is generally five years. Costs recognized in the preliminary project phase and the post-implementation phase are expensed as incurred. The Company capitalized $12.7 million and $6.8 million of costs related to the application development of enterprise-level software and its subscription and cloud-based offerings that were included in property and equipment during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Software Development Costs The Company capitalizes certain software development costs in accordance with ASC 985-20, Costs of Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Marketed, under which those costs incurred subsequent to the establishment of technological feasibility may be capitalized and amortized over the estimated lives of the related products. The Company establishes technological feasibility when it completes a detail program design or a working model. The Company amortizes development costs over the estimated lives of the related products, which is generally five years. The Company capitalized software development costs of $29.4 million and $32.0 million, which are included in other long-term assets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company recorded $26.4 million, $23.1 million, and $17.5 million to cost of revenues for amortization of capitalized software development costs for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. All development costs prior to the completion of a detail program design or a working model are recognized as research and development expense. Lessee Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of its lease contracts do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company does not recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for leases with an initial term of twelve months or less. The Company elected the practical expedient to not separate lease components from nonlease components and applied that practical expedient to all material classes of leased assets. Many of the Company’s operating leases include an option to extend the lease. The specific terms and conditions of the extension options vary from lease to lease, but are consistent with standard industry practices in each area that the Company operates. The Company reviews each of its lease options at a time required by the terms of the lease contract, and notifies the lessor if it chooses to exercise the lease renewal option. Until the Company is reasonably certain that it will extend the lease contract, the renewal option periods will not be recognized as right-of-use assets or lease liabilities. Certain leases include provisions for early termination, which allow the contract parties to terminate their obligations under the lease contract. The terms and conditions of the termination options vary by contract. When the Company has made a decision to exercise an early termination option, the right-of-use assets and associated lease liabilities are remeasured in accordance with the present value of the remaining cash flows under the lease contract. Certain building lease agreements include rental payments subject to change annually based on fluctuations in various indexes (i.e. Consumer Price Index (“CPI”), Retail Price Index, and other international indexes). Certain data center lease agreements include rental payments subject to change based on usage and CPI fluctuations. The changes based on usage and indexes are treated as variable lease costs and recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments was incurred. The Company’s operating lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees, restrictions, or restriction covenants. Business Combinations The Company uses the acquisition method of accounting under ASC 805, Business Combinations. Each acquired company’s operating results are included in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements starting on the acquisition date. The purchase price is equivalent to the fair value of consideration transferred. Tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date are recorded at the acquisition date fair value. Goodwill is recognized for the excess of purchase price over the net fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Amounts allocated to assets and liabilities are based upon fair values. Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to the identifiable intangible assets. Management makes estimates of fair value based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable and that of a market participant. These estimates are based on available historical information as well as future expectations, and the estimates are inherently uncertain. The separately identifiable intangible assets generally include customer relationships, acquired technology, backlog, trade names, and non-compete agreements. Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets Goodwill The Company reviews goodwill for impairment on an annual basis on the first day of the fourth quarter of each year at the reporting unit level. This assessment is also performed whenever there is a change in circumstances that indicates the carrying value of goodwill may be impaired. The Company has one reporting unit, which is the same as its operating segment. A qualitative assessment is initially made to determine whether it is necessary to perform quantitative testing. A qualitative assessment includes, among others, consideration of: (i) past, current, and projected future earnings and equity; (ii) recent trends and market conditions; and (iii) valuation metrics involving similar companies that are publicly-traded and acquisitions of similar companies, if available. If this qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that impairment exists, or if the Company decides to bypass this option, it proceeds to the quantitative assessment. The quantitative assessment involves a comparison between the estimated fair value of the Company’s reporting unit with its carrying amount including goodwill. If the carrying value exceeds estimated fair value, the Company will record an impairment charge based on that difference. The impairment charge will be limited to the amount of goodwill. To determine the reporting unit’s fair value under the quantitative approach, the Company uses a combination of income and market approaches, equally weighting the two approaches, such as estimated discounted future cash flows of the reporting unit, multiples of earnings or revenues, and analysis of recent sales or offerings of comparable entities. The Company also considers its market capitalization on the date of the analysis to ensure the reasonableness of its reporting unit’s fair value. The Company performed a qualitative impairment assessment analysis as of October 1, 2021 for its reporting unit taking into consideration past, current, and projected future earnings, recent trends, market conditions, and valuation metrics involving similar companies that are publicly-traded. Based on the result of this analysis, an impairment does not exist as of December 31, 2021, and there were no accumulated impairment losses. Intangible Assets In connection with its acquisitions, the Company generally recognizes assets for customer relationships, acquired technology, backlog, trade names, and non-compete agreements. Intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Such amortization is provided on a straight-line basis or on an accelerated basis based on a pattern of economic benefit that is expected to be obtained over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Amortization for acquired technology and backlog is recognized in cost of revenues, and amortization for customer relationships, trade names, non-compete agreements, and patents is recognized in selling, general, and administrative expenses. The Company assesses the impairment of identifiable intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. Recoverability of an asset is measured by the comparison of the carrying amount to the sum of the undiscounted estimated future cash flows the asset is expected to generate, offset by estimated future costs to dispose of the product to which the asset relates. If an asset is considered to be impaired, the amount of such impairment would be measured as the difference between the carrying amount of the asset and its fair value. The Company’s cash flow assumptions are based on historical and forecasted future revenue, operating costs, and other relevant factors. Assumptions and estimates about the remaining useful lives of the Company’s intangible assets are subjective and are affected by changes to its business strategies. If management’s estimates of future operating results change, or if there are changes to other assumptions, the estimate of the fair value of the Company’s assets could change significantly. Such change could result in impairment charges in future periods, which could have a significant impact on the Company’s operating results and financial condition. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no events or changes in circumstances to indicate that intangible assets carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Convertible Debt The Company accounts for convertible debt and related transactions in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity. The Company evaluates convertible debt instruments and related transactions at inception to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivatives to be separately accounted for. Convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash are separated into liability and equity components. The allocation to the liability component is based on the fair value of a similar instrument that does not contain an equity conversion option. Based on this debt-to-equity ratio, debt issuance costs are then allocated to the liability and equity components in a similar manner. The difference between the principal amount of the convertible debt instruments and the liability component, inclusive of issuance costs, represents the debt discount, which is amortized to interest expense over the term of instruments. The determination of the discount rate requires certain estimates and assumptions. Convertible note hedge and warrant transactions associated with convertible debt instruments are accounted for as equity instruments, and are recorded in additional paid-in capital in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Valuation of Share-Based Compensation The Company accounts for share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Stock Compensation. The Company recognizes compensation expense related to share-based compensation based on the grant date estimated fair value. The fair value of stock options (“options”) on the grant date is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires the following inputs: expected life, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, expected dividend yield rate, exercise price, and closing price of its common stock on the date of grant. The expected volatility is based on a combination of historical and market-based implied volatility, and the expected life of the awards is based on the Company’s historical experience of employee stock option exercises, including forfeitures. Expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The fair value of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) is based on the stock price on the grant date. The fair value of restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) is their intrinsic value, which is the difference between the fair value of the underlying stock at the measurement date and the purchase price. The RSUs and RSAs are subject to a service vesting condition and are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The fair value of performance-based stock unit awards (“PSUs”) with service and market conditions is estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model applying a multiple awards approach. Expense is recognized when it is probable that the performance condition will be met using the accelerated attribution method over the requisite service period. Forfeiture rates are estimated based on the Company’s historical experience with equity awards that were granted and forfeited prior to vesting. The valuation assumptions used in estimating the fair value of employee share-based awards may change in future periods. Accounting for Income Taxes The Company records an income tax provision for (benefit from) the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations. In accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, the provision for (benefit from) income taxes is computed using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates in effect for the periods in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. In the event that these tax rates change, the Company will incur a benefit or detriment on its income tax expense in the period of change. If the Company were to determine that all or part of the net deferred tax assets are not realizable in the future, it will record a valuation allowance that would be charged to earnings in the period such determination is made. In accordance with ASC 740, the Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The calculation of tax liabilities involves significant judgment in estimating the impact of uncertainties in the application of ASC 740 and complex tax laws. Resolution of these uncertainties in a manner inconsistent with management’s expectations could have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition and operating results. Recently Adopted Authoritative Guidance In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The update simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in ASC 740, Income Taxes, as well as improves consistent application of and simplifies the guidance for other areas of ASC 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 on January 1, 2021 on a prospective basis. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Recently Issued Authoritative Guidance In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). The update simplifies the accounting for convertible debt instruments by reducing the number of accounting models and the number of embedded conversion features that could be recognized separately from the primary contract. ASU 2020-06 also enhances transparency and improves disclosures for convertible instruments and earnings per share guidance. ASU 2020-06 also requires the application of the if-converted method for calculating diluted earnings per share and the treasury stock method is no longer permitted for convertible instruments. This update permits the use of either the modified retrospective or fully retrospective method of transition. The Company will adopt ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2022, and expects to use the modified retrospective method of transition. The Company’s adoption of the update is estimated to result in an increase in convertible senior notes, net of issuance costs, of $75.4 million; a decrease in additional paid-in capital of $72.7 million; a decrease of long-term deferred tax liabilities of $19.8 million; a decrease in long-term deferred tax assets of $0.5 million; and an increase in retained earnings of $16.7 million, all as of January 1, 2022. In December 2021, the Company made an irrevocable election under the indenture to require the principal portion of the Company's convertible senior notes to be settled in cash and any conversion consideration in excess of the principal portion in cash and/or shares of the Company's common stock at the Company's option upon conversion. Following the irrevocable election, only the amounts expected to be settled in excess of the principal portion are considered dilutive in calculating earnings per share under the if-converted method. In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers. The update addresses diversity in practice by requiring that an acquirer recognize and measure contract assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The guidance will be applied prospectively to acquisitions occurring on or after the effective date. ASU 2021-08 will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2023, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ASU 2021-08 will have on its Consolidated Financial Statements. There was no other recently issued and effective authoritative guidance that is expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements through the reporting date.

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