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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2019, the consolidated statements of operations and the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ deficit for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are unaudited, but include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) that the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results, comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ deficit and cash flows, respectively, for the periods presented. Although the Company believes that the disclosures in these unaudited consolidated financial statements are adequate to make the information presented not misleading, certain information and footnote information normally included in consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted as permitted under the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Novavax, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, Novavax AB. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars. The functional currency of Novavax AB, which is located in Sweden, is the local currency (Swedish Krona). The translation of assets and liabilities of Novavax AB to U.S. dollars is made at the exchange rate in effect at the consolidated balance sheet date, while equity accounts are translated at historical rates. The translation of the statement of operations data is made at the average exchange rate in effect for the period. The translation of operating cash flow data is made at the average exchange rate in effect for the period, and investing and financing cash flow data is translated at the exchange rate in effect at the date of the underlying transaction. Translation gains and losses are recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets. The foreign currency translation adjustment balance included in accumulated other comprehensive loss was $12.4 million and $11.2 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Results for this or any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for any future interim period or for the entire year. The Company operates in one business segment.
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase. Cash and cash equivalents consist of the following at (in thousands):
|  | March 31, 2019 |  |  | December 31, 2018 |
Cash |  | $ | 9,370 |  |  | $ | 6,750 |
Money market funds |  |  | 49,113 |  |  |  | 39,168 |
Asset-backed securities |  |  | 15,000 |  |  |  | 15,000 |
Corporate debt securities |  |  | 24,228 |  |  |  | 9,236 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 97,711 |  |  | $ | 70,154 |
Cash equivalents are recorded at cost, which approximate fair value due to their short-term nature.
Marketable Securities | Marketable Securities Marketable securities consist of debt securities with maturities greater than three months from the date of purchase that include commercial paper, asset-backed securities and corporate notes. Classification of marketable securities between current and non-current is dependent upon the maturity date at the balance sheet date taking into consideration the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investment to maturity. Interest and dividend income is recorded when earned and included in investment income in the consolidated statements of operations. Premiums and discounts, if any, on marketable securities are amortized or accreted to maturity and included in investment income in the consolidated statements of operations. The specific identification method is used in computing realized gains and losses on the sale of the Company’s securities. The Company classifies its marketable securities with readily determinable fair values as “available-for-sale.” Investments in securities that are classified as available-for-sale are measured at fair market value in the consolidated balance sheets, and unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities are reported as a separate component of stockholders’ deficit until realized. Marketable securities are evaluated periodically to determine whether a decline in value is “other-than-temporary.” The term “other-than-temporary” is not intended to indicate a permanent decline in value. Rather, it means that the prospects for a near term recovery of value are not necessarily favorable, or that there is a lack of evidence to support fair values equal to, or greater than, the carrying value of the security. Management reviews criteria, such as the magnitude and duration of the decline, as well as the Company’s ability to hold the securities until market recovery, to predict whether the loss in value is other-than-temporary. If a decline in value is determined to be other-than-temporary, the value of the security is reduced and the impairment is recorded as other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations.
Restricted Cash | Restricted Cash The Company’s current and non-current restricted cash includes payments received under the Grant Agreement (as defined in Note 11) with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (“BMGF”) under which the Company was awarded a grant up to $89.1 million and cash collateral accounts under letters of credit that serve as security deposits for certain facility leases. The Company will utilize the Grant Agreement funds as it incurs expenses for services performed under the agreement. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the restricted cash balances (both current and non-current) consist of payments received under the Grant Agreement of $7.5 million and $10.8 million, respectively, and security deposits of $1.0 million at both dates. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the statement of cash flows (in thousands):
|  | March 31, 2019 |  |  | December 31, 2018 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 97,711 |  |  | $ | 70,154 |
Restricted cash current |  |  | 6,628 |  |  |  | 10,847 |
Restricted cash non-current |  |  | 1,860 |  |  |  | 958 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | $ | 106,199 |  |  | $ | 81,959 |
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition The Company performs research and development under grant, license and clinical development agreements. Payments received in advance of work performed are recorded as deferred revenue. The Company’s current revenue primarily consists of revenue under its Grant Agreement with BMGF (see Note 11). The Company is reimbursed for certain costs that support development activities, including the Company’s global Phase 3 clinical trial in pregnant women in their third trimester, product licensing efforts and efforts to obtain World Health Organization (“WHO”) prequalification of its RSV F Vaccine for infants via maternal immunization (“ResVax”). The Company’s Grant Agreement does not provide a direct economic benefit to BMGF. Rather, the Company entered into an agreement with BMGF to make a certain amount of ResVax available and accessible at affordable pricing to people in certain low and middle income countries. Based on these circumstances, the Company does not consider BMGF to be a customer and concluded the Grant Agreement is outside the scope of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) . Payments received under the Grant Agreement are considered conditional contributions under the scope of ASC 958-605, Not-for-Profit Entities – Revenue Recognition , and are recorded as deferred revenue until the period in which such research and development activities are performed and revenue can be recognized. The Company analyzed the Grant Agreement with BMGF to determine whether the payments received should be recorded as revenue or as a reduction to research and development expenses. In reaching the determination that such payments should be recorded as revenue, management considered a number of factors, including whether the Company is principal under the arrangement, and whether the arrangement is significant to, and part of, the Company’s core operations. Further, management has consistently applied its policy of presenting such amounts as revenue.
Net Loss per Share | Net Loss per Share Net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. At March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had outstanding stock options and unvested restricted stock units (“RSUs”) totaling 61,260,970 and 45,126,499, respectively. At March 31, 2019, the Company’s Notes (see Note 8) would have been convertible into approximately 47,716,900 shares of the Company’s common stock assuming a common stock price of $6.81 or higher. These and any shares due to the Company upon settlement of its capped call transactions are excluded from the computation, as their effect is antidilutive.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), subsequently amended in 2018 by ASU 2018-01, ASU 2018-10, ASU 2018-11 and ASU 2018-20 (collectively, “Topic 842”), that increases transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements for both lessees and lessors. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. In connection with the adoption of Topic 842, the Company conducted reviews of its facility and equipment operating leases and assessed contracts that may contain a right-of-use asset or embedded leasing arrangement. The Company adopted Topic 842 on January 1, 2019 under the optional transition method, which does not require restatement of prior periods. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which allowed the Company to carryforward its historical lease classification, its assessment of whether a contract is or contains a lease and its initial direct costs for any leases that existed prior to adoption of the standard. The Company also elected to combine lease and non-lease components for its facility leases and to exclude leases with an initial term of 12 months or less from its consolidated balance sheet and recognize the associated lease payments in its consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company’s equipment leases had a remaining term of 12 months or less at the adoption date. The Company recorded approximately $12 million in total right-of-use assets, net of the deferred rent liability, and approximately $22 million in total lease liabilities on its consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2019. Adoption of the standard did not materially impact its consolidated statements of cash flows or results of operations. Not Yet Adopted In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) (“ASU 2017-04”), which will simplify the goodwill impairment calculation by eliminating Step 2 from the current goodwill impairment test. The new standard does not change how a goodwill impairment is identified. The Company will continue to perform its quantitative goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of its reporting unit to its carrying amount, but if the Company is required to recognize a goodwill impairment charge, under the new standard, the amount of the charge will be calculated by subtracting the reporting unit’s fair value from its carrying amount. Under the current standard, if the Company is required to recognize a goodwill impairment charge, Step 2 requires it to calculate the implied value of goodwill by assigning the fair value of a reporting unit to all of its assets and liabilities as if that reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination and the amount of the charge is calculated by subtracting the reporting unit’s implied fair value of goodwill from the goodwill carrying amount. The standard will be effective January 1, 2020 for the Company, with early adoption permitted, and should be applied prospectively from the date of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating when it will adopt ASU 2017-04 and its expected impact to related disclosures.

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