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Goodwill and Other Identifiable Intangible Assets, Net
9 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
GOODWILL AND OTHER IDENTIFIABLE INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
GOODWILL AND OTHER IDENTIFIABLE INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
Amortizable identifiable intangible assets were (in thousands):
 
June 30, 2017
 
September 30, 2016
 
Gross
carrying
amount
 
Accum.
amort.
 
Net
 
Gross
carrying
amount
 
Accum.
amort.
 
Net
Purchased and core technology
$
51,017

 
$
(45,757
)
 
$
5,260

 
$
46,594

 
$
(44,999
)
 
$
1,595

License agreements
144

 
(15
)
 
129

 
18

 
(10
)
 
8

Patents and trademarks
12,410

 
(11,133
)
 
1,277

 
11,619

 
(10,871
)
 
748

Customer relationships
21,735

 
(16,412
)
 
5,323

 
17,463

 
(15,773
)
 
1,690

Non-compete agreements
600

 
(60
)
 
540

 

 

 

Total
$
85,906

 
$
(73,377
)
 
$
12,529

 
$
75,694

 
$
(71,653
)
 
$
4,041


Amortization expense was $0.9 million and $0.5 million for the three month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Amortization expense was $1.8 million and $1.4 million for the nine month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Amortization expense is recorded on our consolidated statements of operations within cost of sales and in general and administrative expense.
Estimated amortization expense related to identifiable intangible assets for the remainder of fiscal 2017 and the five succeeding fiscal years is (in thousands):
2017 (three months)
$
714

2018
2,831

2019
2,733

2020
1,822

2021
1,543

2022
1,369


The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are (in thousands):
 
Nine months ended
June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
Beginning balance, October 1
$
109,448

 
$
100,183

Acquisitions
21,434

 
10,985

Foreign currency translation adjustment
187

 
(1,288
)
Ending balance, June 30
$
131,069

 
$
109,880


Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis as of June 30, or more frequently if events or circumstances occur which could indicate impairment. The calculation of goodwill impairment requires us to make assumptions about the fair value of our reporting unit(s), which historically has been approximated by using our market capitalization plus a control premium for our one reporting unit. Control premium assumptions require judgment and actual results may differ from assumed or estimated amounts.
As of the third quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company has determined that we now have two reportable operating segments: the Solutions segment and the M2M segment (see Note 9 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements). As a result, we concluded that the Solutions segment and the M2M segment constitute separate reporting units for purposes of the ASC 350-20-35 “Goodwill Measurement of Impairment” assessment and both units were tested individually for impairment.
Our test for potential goodwill impairment is a two-step approach. First, we estimate the fair values for each reporting unit by comparing the fair value to the carrying value. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, then we conduct the second step, which requires us to measure the amount of the impairment loss. The impairment loss, if any, is calculated by comparing the implied fair value of the goodwill to its carrying amount. To calculate the implied fair value of goodwill, the fair value of the reporting unit’s assets and liabilities, excluding goodwill, is estimated. The excess of the fair
8. GOODWILL AND OTHER IDENTIFIABLE INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (CONTINUED)
value of the reporting unit over the amount assigned to its assets and liabilities, excluding goodwill, is the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill.
At June 30, 2017, we had a total of $98.6 million of goodwill on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet for the M2M reporting unit and the implied fair value of this reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by approximately 7%. At June 30, 2017, we had a total of $32.5 million of goodwill on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet for the Solutions reporting unit and the implied fair value of this reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by approximately 8%.
Based on the information above, we concluded that no impairment was indicated for either reporting unit and we were not required to complete the second step of the goodwill impairment analysis. No goodwill impairment charges were recorded.
Implied fair values, for both reporting units were calculated using a weighted combination of the income approach and market approach.
The income approach indicates the fair value of a business based on the value of the cash flows the business or asset can be expected to generate in the future. A commonly used variation of the income approach used to value a business is the discounted cash flow (“DCF”) method. The DCF method is a valuation technique in which the value of a business is estimated on the earnings capacity, or available cash flow, of that business. Earnings capacity represents the earnings available for distribution to capital holders after consideration of the reinvestment required for future growth. Significant judgment is required to estimate the amount and timing of future cash flows for each reporting unit and the relative risk of achieving those cash flows.
The Market Approach indicates the fair value of a business or asset based on a comparison of the business or asset to comparable publicly traded companies or assets and transactions in its industry as well as prior company or asset transactions. This approach can be estimated through the guideline company method. This method indicates fair value of a business by comparing it to publicly traded companies in similar lines of business. After identifying and selecting the guideline companies, we make judgments about the comparability of the companies based on size, growth rates, profitability, risk, and return on investment in order to estimate market multiples. These multiples are then applied to the reporting units to estimate a fair value.
Should the facts and circumstances surrounding our assumptions change, the first step of our goodwill impairment analysis may fail. Assumptions and estimates to determine fair values are complex and often subjective. They can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as changes in our business strategy and our internal forecasts. For example, if our future operating results do not meet current forecasts or if we experience a sustained decline in our market capitalization that is determined to be indicated of a reduction in fair value of one or more of our reporting units, we may be required to record future impairment charges for goodwill. An impairment could have a material effect on our consolidated balance sheet and results of operations. We have had no goodwill impairment losses since the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Others, in fiscal 2003.