10-Q 1 dgii-2019331x10qq2.htm 10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

þ |  | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: March 31, 2019
OR

o |  | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .
Commission file number: 1-34033
DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 41-1532464
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

9350 Excelsior Blvd., Suite 700 |  |
Hopkins, Minnesota |  | 55343
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(952) 912-3444
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share |  | DGII |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files.) Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer |  | o |  | Accelerated filer |  | þ
Non-accelerated filer |  | o |  | Smaller reporting company |  | o
Emerging growth company |  | o |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No þ
On April 30, 2019, there were 28,059,217 shares of the registrant’s $.01 par value Common Stock outstanding.

INDEX

| Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. Financial Statements: |
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations | 1
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 2
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity | 5
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 6
ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 23
ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 32
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures | 33
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings | 33
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors | 33
ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 33
ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 33
ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | 33
ITEM 5. Other Information | 34
ITEM 6. Exhibits | 34

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)

| Three months ended March 31, |  | Six months ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)* |  | 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)*
| (in thousands, except per share data)
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product | $ | 52,097 |  |  | $ | 47,588 |  |  | $ | 102,909 |  |  | $ | 86,042 |
Services and solutions | 13,667 |  |  | 6,960 |  |  | 25,168 |  |  | 13,461 |
Total revenue | 65,764 |  |  | 54,548 |  |  | 128,077 |  |  | 99,503 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of product | 28,496 |  |  | 23,080 |  |  | 54,309 |  |  | 42,290 |
Cost of services and solutions | 6,214 |  |  | 3,864 |  |  | 12,191 |  |  | 7,043 |
Amortization of intangibles | 725 |  |  | 770 |  |  | 1,465 |  |  | 1,377 |
Total cost of sales | 35,435 |  |  | 27,714 |  |  | 67,965 |  |  | 50,710 |
Gross profit | 30,329 |  |  | 26,834 |  |  | 60,112 |  |  | 48,793 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing | 11,534 |  |  | 11,175 |  |  | 23,191 |  |  | 20,935 |
Research and development | 9,569 |  |  | 8,617 |  |  | 19,087 |  |  | 16,368 |
General and administrative | 8,441 |  |  | 6,224 |  |  | 11,558 |  |  | 12,671 |
Restructuring reversal | — |  |  | — |  |  | (67 | ) |  | — |
Total operating expenses | 29,544 |  |  | 26,016 |  |  | 53,769 |  |  | 49,974 |
Operating income (loss) | 785 |  |  | 818 |  |  | 6,343 |  |  | (1,181 | )
Other income (expense), net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 144 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 352 |  |  | 246 |
Interest expense | (2 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (94 | ) |  | (7 | )
Other income (expense), net | 257 |  |  | (527 | ) |  | 305 |  |  | (572 | )
Total other income (expense), net | 399 |  |  | (493 | ) |  | 563 |  |  | (333 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes | 1,184 |  |  | 325 |  |  | 6,906 |  |  | (1,514 | )
Income tax (benefit) expense | (158 | ) |  | 451 |  |  | 882 |  |  | 3,099 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 1,342 |  |  | $ | (126 | ) |  | $ | 6,024 |  |  | $ | (4,613 | )
Net income (loss) per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | (0.17 | )
Diluted | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.21 |  |  | $ | (0.17 | )
Weighted average common shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 27,866 |  |  | 27,084 |  |  | 27,687 |  |  | 26,914 |
Diluted | 28,438 |  |  | 27,084 |  |  | 28,289 |  |  | 26,914 |

*Prior period information has been restated for the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” which we adopted on October 1, 2018.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(UNAUDITED)

| Three months ended March 31, |  | Six months ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)* |  | 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)*
| (in thousands)
Net income (loss) | $ | 1,342 |  |  | $ | (126 | ) |  | $ | 6,024 |  |  | $ | (4,613 | )
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (83 | ) |  | 1,787 |  |  | (1,652 | ) |  | 2,058 |
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on investments | 9 |  |  | (19 | ) |  | 14 |  |  | (40 | )
Less income tax (expense) benefit | (2 | ) |  | 5 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 8 |
Reclassification of realized loss on investments included in net income (1) | — |  |  | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |
Less income tax benefit (2) | — |  |  | (8 | ) |  | — |  |  | (8 | )
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax | (76 | ) |  | 1,796 |  |  | (1,642 | ) |  | 2,049 |
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 1,266 |  |  | $ | 1,670 |  |  | $ | 4,382 |  |  | $ | (2,564 | )

(1) Recorded in Other income (expense), net in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(2) Recorded in Income tax (benefit) expense in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
*Prior period information has been restated for the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” which we adopted on October 1, 2018.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)

| March 31, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 (as adjusted)*
| (in thousands, except share data)
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 69,593 |  |  | $ | 58,014 |
Marketable securities | 2,497 |  |  | 4,736 |
Accounts receivable, net | 53,493 |  |  | 49,819 |
Inventories | 44,035 |  |  | 41,644 |
Other current assets | 5,549 |  |  | 2,613 |
Assets held for sale | — |  |  | 5,220 |
Total current assets | 175,167 |  |  | 162,046 |
Property, equipment and improvements, net | 13,926 |  |  | 8,354 |
Intangible assets, net | 34,807 |  |  | 39,320 |
Goodwill | 154,049 |  |  | 154,535 |
Deferred tax assets | 5,236 |  |  | 6,600 |
Other non-current assets | 350 |  |  | 1,291 |
Total assets | $ | 383,535 |  |  | $ | 372,146 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 14,628 |  |  | $ | 12,911 |
Accrued compensation | 6,991 |  |  | 8,190 |
Unearned revenue | 6,576 |  |  | 3,177 |
Contingent consideration on acquired businesses | 8,527 |  |  | 5,890 |
Other current liabilities | 4,369 |  |  | 5,405 |
Total current liabilities | 41,091 |  |  | 35,573 |
Income taxes payable | 759 |  |  | 851 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 317 |  |  | 334 |
Contingent consideration on acquired businesses | — |  |  | 4,175 |
Other non-current liabilities | 530 |  |  | 720 |
Total liabilities | 42,697 |  |  | 41,653 |
Contingencies (see Note 13) |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $.01 par value; 60,000,000 shares authorized; 34,471,378 and 33,812,838 shares issued | 345 |  |  | 338 |
Additional paid-in capital | 262,392 |  |  | 255,936 |
Retained earnings | 157,985 |  |  | 151,961 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (25,168 | ) |  | (23,526 | )
Treasury stock, at cost, 6,412,682 and 6,385,336 shares | (54,716 | ) |  | (54,216 | )
Total stockholders’ equity | 340,838 |  |  | 330,493 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 383,535 |  |  | $ | 372,146 |

*Prior period information has been restated for the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” which we adopted on October 1, 2018.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)

| Six months ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)*
| (in thousands)
Operating activities: |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 6,024 |  |  | $ | (4,613 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation of property, equipment and improvements | 2,217 |  |  | 1,546 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 4,609 |  |  | 4,287 |
Stock-based compensation | 2,707 |  |  | 2,378 |
Deferred income tax provision | 1,338 |  |  | 2,808 |
Gain on sale of property and equipment | (4,395 | ) |  | 5 |
Change in fair value of contingent consideration | 810 |  |  | (425 | )
Provision for bad debt and product returns | 568 |  |  | 395 |
Provision for inventory obsolescence | 900 |  |  | 900 |
Restructuring reversal | (67 | ) |  | — |
Other | (116 | ) |  | 25 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities (net of acquisitions) | (8,393 | ) |  | (12,287 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 6,202 |  |  | (4,981 | )
Investing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from maturities and sales of marketable securities | 2,252 |  |  | 29,513 |
Proceeds from sale of business | — |  |  | 2,000 |
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired | — |  |  | (56,588 | )
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment | 10,047 |  |  | — |
Purchase of property, equipment, improvements and certain other intangible assets | (7,346 | ) |  | (785 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 4,953 |  |  | (25,860 | )
Financing activities: |  |  |
Acquisition earn-out payments | (2,348 | ) |  | — |
Proceeds from stock option plan transactions | 3,751 |  |  | 3,427 |
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan transactions | 549 |  |  | 618 |
Purchases of common stock | (1,044 | ) |  | (681 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities | 908 |  |  | 3,364 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (484 | ) |  | 1,646 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 11,579 |  |  | (25,831 | )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 58,014 |  |  | 78,222 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 69,593 |  |  | $ | 52,391 |
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |
Transfer of inventory to property, equipment and improvements | $ | (654 | ) |  | $ | (827 | )
Liability related to acquisition of business | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2,300 | )
Accrual for purchase of property, equipment, improvements and certain other intangible assets | $ | (20 | ) |  | $ | (27 | )

*Prior period information has been restated for the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” which we adopted on October 1, 2018.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  | Other |  | Total
|  | Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock |  | Paid-In |  | Retained |  | Comprehensive |  | Stockholders’
(in thousands) |  | Shares |  | Par Value |  | Shares |  | Value |  | Capital |  | Earnings* |  | Loss |  | Equity
Balances, September 30, 2017 |  | 33,008 |  |  | $ | 330 |  |  | 6,437 |  |  | $ | (54,533 | ) |  | $ | 245,528 |  |  | $ | 150,363 |  |  | $ | (22,659 | ) |  | $ | 319,029 |
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of ASU 2016-09 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 52 |  |  | (33 | ) |  |  |  | 19 |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4,613 | ) |  |  |  | (4,613 | )
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,049 |  |  | 2,049 |
Employee stock purchase plan issuances |  |  |  |  |  | (74 | ) |  | 631 |  |  | (13 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | 618 |
Repurchase of common stock |  |  |  |  |  | 68 |  |  | (681 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (681 | )
Issuance of stock under stock award plans |  | 573 |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,421 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,427 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,378 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,378 |
Balances, March 31, 2018 |  | 33,581 |  |  | $ | 336 |  |  | 6,431 |  |  | $ | (54,583 | ) |  | $ | 251,366 |  |  | $ | 145,717 |  |  | $ | (20,610 | ) |  | $ | 322,226 |
Balances, September 30, 2018 |  | 33,813 |  |  | $ | 338 |  |  | 6,385 |  |  | $ | (54,216 | ) |  | $ | 255,936 |  |  | $ | 151,961 |  |  | $ | (23,526 | ) |  | $ | 330,493 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,024 |  |  |  |  | 6,024 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,642 | ) |  | (1,642 | )
Employee stock purchase plan issuances |  |  |  |  |  | (63 | ) |  | 544 |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 549 |
Repurchase of common stock |  |  |  |  |  | 91 |  |  | (1,044 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,044 | )
Issuance of stock under stock award plans |  | 658 |  |  | 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,744 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,751 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,707 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,707 |
Balances, March 31, 2019 |  | 34,471 |  |  | $ | 345 |  |  | 6,413 |  |  | $ | (54,716 | ) |  | $ | 262,392 |  |  | $ | 157,985 |  |  | $ | (25,168 | ) |  | $ | 340,838 |

*Prior period information has been restated for the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” which we adopted on October 1, 2018.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION OF UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Digi International Inc. (“we”, “us”, “our”, “Digi” or “the Company”) have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission applicable to interim financial statements. While these financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for fair presentation of the results of the interim period, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statement disclosures in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2018 (the “2018 Financial Statements”). We use the same accounting policies in preparing quarterly and annual financial statements. The quarterly results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
Significant Accounting Policies Update
Effective October 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) as discussed below. All amounts and disclosures set forth in this Form 10-Q have been updated to comply with the new standards, as indicated by the “as adjusted” footnote.
Except for the accounting policy for revenue recognition that was updated as a result of adopting ASU 2014-09, there have been no other changes to our significant accounting policies described in our 2018 Financial Statements.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize hardware product revenue upon transfer of control of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. We determine the amount of revenue to be recognized through application of the following steps:

• | Identification of the contract, or contracts with a customer;

• | Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

• | Determination of the transaction price;

• | Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

• | Recognition of revenue when or as we satisfy the performance obligations.

Hardware Product Revenue and SmartSense by Digi™ Equipment Revenue and Associated Installation Fees
Our hardware product revenue is derived primarily from the sale of wired and wireless hardware products to our distributors and Direct/Original Equipment Manufacturer (“OEM”) customers. Product revenue generally is recognized upon shipment of product to customers. Sales to authorized domestic distributors and Direct/OEM customers are made with certain rights of return and price adjustment provisions. Estimated reserves for future returns and pricing adjustments are established by us based on an analysis of historical patterns of returns and price adjustments as well as an analysis of authorized returns compared to received returns and distribution sales for the current period. Estimated reserves for future returns and price adjustments are charged against revenue in the same period as the corresponding sales are recorded. Material differences between the historical trends used to determine estimated reserves and actual returns and pricing adjustments could result in a material change to our consolidated results of operations or financial position. We have applied consistent methodologies for estimating reserves for future returns and pricing adjustments for all periods presented.
Our SmartSense by Digi™ equipment revenue is recorded as an up-front sale at its stand-alone selling price because the customer could utilize our equipment with other monitoring services or could use our monitoring services with hardware purchased from other vendors. Our installation charges are recorded when the product is installed.
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1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION OF UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
Subscription and Support Services Revenue
Our SmartSense by Digi™ subscription revenue is recorded on a monthly basis. These subscriptions are generally in a range from one to five years, and may contain an evergreen renewal provision. Generally, our subscription renewal charges per month are the same as the original contract term.
We also derive service revenue from our Digi Remote Manager®, a platform-as-a-service (“PaaS”) offering, whereby customers pay for services consumed based on the number of devices being managed or monitored. This revenue is recognized over the life of the service term.
Digi Support Services revenues are recognized over the life of the support contract. Some of Digi Support Services revenue is for training and this revenue is recognized as the services are performed.
Professional Services Revenue
Professional services revenue is derived from our Digi Wireless Design Services contracts on either on a time-and-materials or a fixed-fee basis. These revenues are recognized as the services are performed for time-and-materials contracts, or when milestones are achieved and accepted by the customer for fixed-fee contracts.
Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations
SmartSense by Digi™ revenues typically are derived from contracts with multiple performance obligations. These obligations may include: delivery of monitoring equipment that the customer either purchases out-right or uses while we retain ownership, monitoring services, providing condition alerts of assets being monitored, and recertification of sensor equipment. When we retain ownership of the equipment, we charge an implementation fee to the customer so they can begin using the equipment. In these instances, all revenue derived from the above obligations is recognized over the subscription term of the contract. If the customer purchases the equipment out-right, that portion of the revenue is recognized at the stand-alone selling price at the time the equipment is shipped and all other revenue is recognized over the subscription term of the contract. We have made an accounting policy election to exclude from the measurement of our revenues any sales or similar taxes we collect from customers.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Adopted
In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU 2017-04 eliminates the second step in the goodwill impairment test which requires an entity to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. Instead, an entity should perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying value and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The standard, which should be applied prospectively, is effective for our fiscal year ending September 30, 2021. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU was early adopted by us on October 1, 2018 and did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In May 2017, FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting. ASU 2017-09 provided guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. The amendments in this update are to be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. This ASU was effective for us this first fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2018. This ASU was adopted by us on October 1, 2018 and did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In August 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. The amendments in this update provide guidance on eight specific cash flow issues, thereby reducing the diversity in practice in how certain transaction are classified in the statement of cash flows. This ASU was effective for us this first fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2018. This ASU was adopted by us on October 1, 2018 and did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In January 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. ASU 2016-01 requires equity investments in unconsolidated entities (other than those
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accounted for using the equity method of accounting) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. The amendments in this update also simplify the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values. This ASU also has changed the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. In addition, this ASU has clarified the guidance related to valuation allowance assessment when recognizing deferred tax assets resulting from unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities. The amendments in this ASU were effective for our first fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2018. This ASU was adopted by us on October 1, 2018 and did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In May 2014, FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). This standard requires that revenue is recognized for the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those goods or services. It also establishes timing associated with recognizing revenues and amortizing costs, associated with contracts. FASB has issued several amendments to ASU 2014-09, including clarifications on disclosure of prior-period performance obligations and remaining performance obligations. The guidance permits two methods of adoption, one of which is to retrospectively adjust results for each prior reporting period presented. We elected to adopt the standard using this method effective October 1, 2018.
We have described how we recognize revenue in the aforementioned revenue recognition policy. Relative to the amortization of costs there are two impacts to our financial statements. First, in instances where we retain ownership of equipment a customer uses, we charge an implementation fee to the customer so they can begin using the equipment. We amortize this cost of the equipment over its useful life (typically three years). Second, we capitalize and amortize commissions paid to sales personnel or agents on service contracts. If the commissions earned during an accounting period exceed our capitalization threshold, they will be amortized over the calculated average expected life of the pool of contracts closed during that period.
To ease our transition in the adoption of Topic 606, we have elected several practical expedients outlined in the new accounting guidance:

• | We have not disclosed the remaining transaction price for reporting periods prior to the first quarter of fiscal 2019.

• | For completed contracts that have variable consideration, we will use the as-invoiced amount for all of our time and materials contracts and contracts relating to Digi Remote Manager® in instances where the contracts do not include free service.

• | We will expense incremental costs of obtaining a contract when incurred if the amortization period of the asset is one year or less.

The adoption of the standard related to the new revenue recognition impacted our reported results as follows:

|  | Three months ended March 31, 2018
(in thousands, except per common share data) |  | As Reported |  | Impact of Adoption |  | As Adjusted
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |
Product |  | $ | 47,588 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 47,588 |
Services and solutions |  | 7,203 |  |  | (243 | ) |  | 6,960 |
Total revenue |  | 54,791 |  |  | (243 | ) |  | 54,548 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of product |  | 23,080 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,080 |
Cost of services and solutions |  | 4,287 |  |  | (423 | ) |  | 3,864 |
Amortization of intangibles |  | 770 |  |  | — |  |  | 770 |
Total cost of sales |  | 28,137 |  |  | (423 | ) |  | 27,714 |
Gross profit |  | 26,654 |  |  | 180 |  |  | 26,834 |
Operating expenses |  | 26,151 |  |  | (135 | ) |  | 26,016 |
Operating income |  | $ | 503 |  |  | $ | 315 |  |  | $ | 818 |
Net (loss) income |  | $ | (357 | ) |  | $ | 231 |  |  | $ | (126 | )
Diluted (loss) income per share |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | — |

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1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION OF UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

|  | Six months ended March 31, 2018
(in thousands, except per common share data) |  | As Reported |  | Impact of Adoption |  | As Adjusted
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |
Product |  | $ | 86,042 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 86,042 |
Services and solutions |  | 13,946 |  |  | (485 | ) |  | 13,461 |
Total revenue |  | 99,988 |  |  | (485 | ) |  | 99,503 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of product |  | 42,290 |  |  | — |  |  | 42,290 |
Cost of services and solutions |  | 7,730 |  |  | (687 | ) |  | 7,043 |
Amortization of intangibles |  | 1,377 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,377 |
Total cost of sales |  | 51,397 |  |  | (687 | ) |  | 50,710 |
Gross profit |  | 48,591 |  |  | 202 |  |  | 48,793 |
Operating expenses |  | 50,211 |  |  | (237 | ) |  | 49,974 |
Operating (loss) income |  | $ | (1,620 | ) |  | $ | 439 |  |  | $ | (1,181 | )
Net (loss) income |  | $ | (4,926 | ) |  | $ | 313 |  |  | $ | (4,613 | )
Diluted (loss) income per share |  | $ | (0.18 | ) |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | (0.17 | )

|  | September 30, 2018
(in thousands) |  | As Reported |  | Impact of Adoption |  | As Adjusted
Accounts receivable, net |  | $ | 50,817 |  |  | $ | (998 | ) |  | $ | 49,819 |
Property, equipment and improvements, net |  | $ | 6,270 |  |  | $ | 2,084 |  |  | $ | 8,354 |
Deferred tax assets |  | $ | 6,665 |  |  | $ | (65 | ) |  | $ | 6,600 |
Unearned revenue current |  | $ | 2,579 |  |  | $ | 598 |  |  | $ | 3,177 |
Other non-current liabilities |  | $ | 510 |  |  | $ | 210 |  |  | $ | 720 |
Retained earnings |  | $ | 151,748 |  |  | $ | 213 |  |  | $ | 151,961 |

Adoption of the standards related to revenue recognition had no impact to total cash provided by or used in operating, financing or investing on our historical Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Not Yet Adopted
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which clarifies the accounting for implementation costs in cloud computing arrangements. ASU 2018-15 is effective for us in the first quarter ending December 31, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating when to adopt, and the impact of the adopting, ASU 2018-15 on our consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement - Disclosure Framework (Topic 820). The updated guidance improves the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. The updated guidance is effective for us in the first quarter ending December 31, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for any removed or modified disclosures. We are evaluating when to adopt and the impact of adopting, ASU 2018-13 on our consolidated financial statements.
In March 2017, FASB issued ASU 2017-08, Receivables-Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities. The amendments in this update shorten the amortization period for certain callable debt securities that are held at a premium. The amendments require the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date. The amendments do not require an accounting change for securities held at a discount, which would be amortized to maturity. This ASU is effective for us in the first quarter ending December 31, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
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1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION OF UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The amendments in this update replace the incurred loss impairment methodology in current U.S. GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses. This update is intended to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses. This ASU is effective for us in the first quarter ending December 31, 2020. Entities may early adopt beginning after December 15, 2018. We are evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 on our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which amends the existing guidance and requires lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for leases with a term longer than 12 months that are classified as operating leases under previous authoritative guidance. The lease liability will be equal to the present value of lease payments and the right-of-use asset will be based on the lease liability, subject to adjustment for certain items. In July 2018, FASB issued two additional amendments that affect this guidance described in the following updates ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases and ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements. The amendments in ASU 2018-10 affect narrow aspects of the guidance issued in ASU 2016-02. The amendments in ASU 2018-11 provide an alternative (and optional) transition method that allows entities to apply the transition provisions in ASU 2016-02 at the adoption date instead of at the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. ASU 2016-02 is effective for us, using the modified retrospective approach, the first fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. As noted above, ASU 2018-11 provides for an additional and optional transition method. We plan to apply the optional transition method at the adoption date and are evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-02 on our consolidated financial statements.
2. ACQUISITIONS
Acquisition of Accelerated Concepts, Inc.
On January 22, 2018, we purchased all the outstanding stock of Accelerated Concepts, Inc. (“Accelerated”), a Tampa-based provider of secure, enterprise-grade, cellular (LTE) networking equipment for primary and backup connectivity applications, for cash of $16.4 million (excluding cash acquired of $0.2 million) and future earn-out payments. Accelerated’s results have been included in our consolidated financial statements within the IoT Products and Services segment since the date of acquisition. Purchase accounting related to the acquisition of Accelerated was finalized during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018.
The earn-out payments are scheduled to be paid in two installments and the payment amount, if any, will be calculated based on the revenue performance of Accelerated products. The first installment was based on revenues from January 22, 2018 through January 21, 2019 (the “2018 period”) and the second installment will be based on revenues from January 22, 2019 through January 21, 2020 (the “2019 period”). If certain revenue thresholds are met, the cumulative amount of these earn-outs will be $4.5 million. Additional payments, not to exceed $2.0 million for both installments, may also be due depending on revenue performance. The fair value of this contingent consideration was $5.4 million at March 31, 2019, which includes $3.5 million to be paid for the 2018 period (see Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements).
Acquisition of TempAlert LLC
On October 20, 2017, we purchased all the outstanding interests of TempAlert LLC (“TempAlert”), a Boston-based provider of automated, real-time temperature monitoring and task management solutions for cash of $40.7 million (excluding cash acquired of $0.6 million) and future earn-out payments. TempAlert’s results have been included in our consolidated financial statements within the IoT Solutions segment since the date of acquisition. Purchase accounting related to the acquisition was finalized during the first quarter of fiscal 2019.
The first earn-out payments was schedules to be paid after December 31, 2018 and the second earn-out payment is scheduled to be paid after December 31, 2019 which is the end of the earn-out periods. No payment was earned for the period ended December 31, 2018. The cumulative amount of the remaining earn-outs for the periods ended December 31, 2019, will not exceed $45.0 million. The fair value of the remaining contingent consideration was zero at March 31, 2019 (see Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements).
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3. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators in the net income (loss) per common share calculations (in thousands, except per common share data):

| Three months ended March 31, |  | Six months ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)* |  | 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)*
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 1,342 |  |  | $ | (126 | ) |  | $ | 6,024 |  |  | $ | (4,613 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Denominator for basic net income (loss) per common share — weighted average shares outstanding | 27,866 |  |  | 27,084 |  |  | 27,687 |  |  | 26,914 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options and restricted stock units | 572 |  |  | — |  |  | 602 |  |  | — |
Denominator for diluted net income (loss) per common share — adjusted weighted average shares | 28,438 |  |  | 27,084 |  |  | 28,289 |  |  | 26,914 |
Net income (loss) per common share, basic | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | (0.17 | )
Net income (loss) per common share, diluted | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.21 |  |  | $ | (0.17 | )

*Prior period information has been restated for the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” which we adopted on October 1, 2018.
For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, there were 633,752 and 1,458,297 potentially dilutive shares, respectively, and for the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, there were 683,752 and 1,988,673 potentially dilutive shares, respectively, related to stock options to purchase common shares that were not included in the above computation of diluted earnings per common share since the options’ exercise prices were greater than the average market price of our common shares. In addition, due to the net loss for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2018, there were 275,522 and 333,801, respectively, common stock options and restricted stock units that were not included in the above computation of diluted earnings per share.
4. SELECTED BALANCE SHEET DATA
The following table shows selected balance sheet data (in thousands):

| March 31, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 (as adjusted)*
Accounts receivable, net: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | $ | 57,502 |  |  | $ | 53,164 |
Less allowance for doubtful accounts | 1,271 |  |  | 785 |
Less reserve for future returns and pricing adjustments | 2,738 |  |  | 2,560 |
Accounts receivable, net | $ | 53,493 |  |  | $ | 49,819 |
Inventories: |  |  |
Raw materials | $ | 17,008 |  |  | $ | 22,047 |
Work in process | 1,119 |  |  | 525 |
Finished goods | 25,908 |  |  | 19,072 |
Inventories | $ | 44,035 |  |  | $ | 41,644 |

*Prior period information has been restated for the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” which we adopted on October 1, 2018.
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5. MARKETABLE SECURITIES
Our marketable securities historically consist of certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate bonds and government municipal bonds. As of March 31, 2019, all of our securities that we held were trading below our amortized cost basis. We determined each decline in value to be temporary in nature.
At March 31, 2019 our marketable securities were (in thousands):

| Amortized Cost (1) |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value (1)
Current marketable securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit | $ | 2,503 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | 2,497 |
Total marketable securities | $ | 2,503 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | 2,497 |

(1) | Included in amortized cost and fair value is purchased and accrued interest of $3.

At September 30, 2018 our marketable securities were (in thousands):

| Amortized Cost (1) |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value (1)
Current marketable securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit | $ | 4,756 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (20 | ) |  | $ | 4,736 |
Total marketable securities | $ | 4,756 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (20 | ) |  | $ | 4,736 |

(1) | Included in amortized cost and fair value is purchased and accrued interest of $6.

The following tables show the fair values and gross unrealized losses of our available-for-sale marketable securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position deemed to be temporary, aggregated by investment category (in thousands):

| March 31, 2019
| Less than 12 Months |  | More than 12 Months
| Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Certificates of deposit | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,497 |  |  | $ | (6 | )
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,497 |  |  | $ | (6 | )

| September 30, 2018
| Less than 12 Months |  | More than 12 Months
| Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Certificates of deposit | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,736 |  |  | $ | (20 | )
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,736 |  |  | $ | (20 | )

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6. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Financial assets and liabilities are classified in the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement: Level 1 (unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities); Level 2 (observable market inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1); and Level 3 (unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data).
The following tables provide information by level for financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

| Total Fair Value at |  | Fair Value Measurements Using Inputs Considered as
| March 31, 2019 |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market | $ | 27,883 |  |  | $ | 27,883 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Certificates of deposit | 2,497 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,497 |  |  | — |
Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 30,380 |  |  | $ | 27,883 |  |  | $ | 2,497 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration on acquired businesses | $ | 8,527 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,527 |
Total liabilities measured at fair value | $ | 8,527 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,527 |

| Total Fair Value at |  | Fair Value Measurements Using Inputs Considered as
| September 30, 2018 |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market | $ | 24,318 |  |  | $ | 24,318 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Certificates of deposit | 4,736 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,736 |  |  | — |
Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 29,054 |  |  | $ | 24,318 |  |  | $ | 4,736 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration on acquired businesses | $ | 10,065 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,065 |
Total liabilities measured at fair value | $ | 10,065 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,065 |

In connection with the October 2015 acquisition of Bluenica Corporation (“Bluenica”), we may be required to make contingent payments over a period of up to four years, subject to achieving specified revenue thresholds for sales of Bluenica products. The fair value of the liability for contingent consideration recognized was $10.4 million upon acquisition and was $3.2 million at March 31, 2019. We paid $0.5 million in fiscal 2017, no payments in fiscal 2018 and $2.2 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2019.
In connection with the November 2016 acquisition of FreshTemp, LLC (“FreshTemp”), we were required to make a contingent payment after June 30, 2018, for revenue related to specific customer contracts signed by June 30, 2017. The fair value of the liability for consideration recognized upon acquisition was $1.3 million. We made a final payment of $0.2 million during the first quarter of fiscal 2019.
In connection our acquisition of TempAlert, we agreed to make contingent payments for the twelve month periods ending December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2019 based on the total Digi IoT Solutions segment revenue (see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements). The fair value of the liability for contingent consideration was zero, both upon acquisition and at March 31, 2019.
In connection with our acquisition of Accelerated, we agreed to make contingent payments, based upon certain thresholds (see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements). The fair values of the liability for contingent consideration recognized upon acquisition of Accelerated and at March 31, 2019 were $2.3 million and $5.4 million, respectively. The increase was a result of Accelerated outperforming initial revenue expectations.
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6. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONTINUED)
The following table presents a reconciliation of the contingent consideration liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (in thousands):

| Three months ended March 31, |  | Six months ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Fair value at beginning of period | $ | 10,147 |  |  | $ | 5,981 |  |  | $ | 10,065 |  |  | $ | 6,388 |
Purchase price contingent consideration | — |  |  | 2,300 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,300 |
Contingent consideration payments | (2,187 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,348 | ) |  | — |
Change in fair value of contingent consideration | 567 |  |  | (18 | ) |  | 810 |  |  | (425 | )
Fair value at end of period | $ | 8,527 |  |  | $ | 8,263 |  |  | $ | 8,527 |  |  | $ | 8,263 |

The change in fair value of contingent consideration reflects our estimate of the probability of achieving the relevant targets and is discounted based on our estimated discount rate. We have estimated the fair value of the contingent consideration at March 31, 2019 based on the probability of achieving the specified revenue thresholds at a range of 95.0% to 100.0% for Bluenica, 0% for TempAlert, and 70.0% for Accelerated. A significant change in our estimates of achieving the relevant targets could materially change the fair value of the contingent consideration liability.
7. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
Amortizable intangible assets were (in thousands):

| March 31, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
| Gross carrying amount |  | Accum. amort. |  | Net |  | Gross carrying amount |  | Accum. amort. |  | Net
Purchased and core technology | $ | 58,011 |  |  | $ | (49,938 | ) |  | $ | 8,073 |  |  | $ | 58,102 |  |  | $ | (48,693 | ) |  | $ | 9,409 |
License agreements | 102 |  |  | (60 | ) |  | 42 |  |  | 102 |  |  | (46 | ) |  | 56 |
Patents and trademarks | 15,835 |  |  | (12,777 | ) |  | 3,058 |  |  | 15,701 |  |  | (12,242 | ) |  | 3,459 |
Customer relationships | 46,530 |  |  | (23,226 | ) |  | 23,304 |  |  | 46,605 |  |  | (21,049 | ) |  | 25,556 |
Non-compete agreements | 600 |  |  | (270 | ) |  | 330 |  |  | 600 |  |  | (210 | ) |  | 390 |
Order backlog | 1,800 |  |  | (1,800 | ) |  | — |  |  | 1,800 |  |  | (1,350 | ) |  | 450 |
Total | $ | 122,878 |  |  | $ | (88,071 | ) |  | $ | 34,807 |  |  | $ | 122,910 |  |  | $ | (83,590 | ) |  | $ | 39,320 |

Amortization expense was $2.1 million and $2.6 million for the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $4.6 million and $4.3 million for the six month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Amortization expense is recorded on our consolidated statements of operations within cost of sales and in general and administrative expense.
Estimated amortization expense related to intangible assets for the remainder of fiscal 2019 and the five succeeding fiscal years is (in thousands):

2019 (six months) | $ | 4,193 |
2020 | 8,237 |
2021 | 7,430 |
2022 | 6,568 |
2023 | 4,392 |
2024 | 3,701 |

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7. GOODWILL AND OTHER IDENTIFIABLE INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (CONTINUED)
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segments are (in thousands):

| Six Months Ended March 31, 2019
| IoT Products and Services |  | IoT Solutions |  | Total
Beginning balance, October 1 | $ | 104,358 |  |  | $ | 50,177 |  |  | $ | 154,535 |
Acquisitions | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (122 | ) |  | (364 | ) |  | (486 | )
Ending balance, March 31 | $ | 104,236 |  |  | $ | 49,813 |  |  | $ | 154,049 |

Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis as of June 30, or more frequently if events or circumstances occur which could indicate impairment. The calculation of goodwill impairment requires us to make assumptions about the fair value of our reporting unit(s), which historically has been approximated by using our market capitalization plus a control premium for our reporting unit(s). Control premium assumptions require judgment and actual results may differ from assumed or estimated amounts.
As we have two reportable operating segments, we concluded that the IoT Solutions segment and the IoT Products & Services segment each constitute a separate reporting unit for purposes of the ASC 350-20-35 “Goodwill Measurement of Impairment” assessment. As such, both units were tested individually for impairment.
Our test for potential goodwill impairment is a two-step approach. We first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If we determine based on this assessment that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting units is less than its carrying amount, we perform the goodwill impairment test. This test requires us to determine the fair value of the reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount, including goodwill, of such reporting unit. If the fair value exceeds the carrying amount, no impairment loss is recognized. However, if the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the goodwill of the reporting units is impaired and an impairment loss would be recognized.
At June 30, 2018, we had a total of $104.6 million of goodwill on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet for the IoT Products & Services reporting unit and the implied fair value of this reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by approximately 36%. At June 30, 2018, we had a total of $50.0 million of goodwill on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet for the IoT Solutions reporting unit and the implied fair value of this reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by approximately 7%. Based on that data, we concluded that no impairment was indicated for either reporting unit. No goodwill impairment charges were recorded.
Implied fair values for both reporting units were each calculated on a standalone basis using a weighted combination of the income approach and market approach.
The income approach indicates the fair value of a business based on the value of the cash flows the business or asset can be expected to generate in the future. A commonly used variation of the income approach used to value a business is the discounted cash flow (“DCF”) method. The DCF method is a valuation technique in which the value of a business is estimated on the earnings capacity, or available cash flow, of that business. Earnings capacity represents the earnings available for distribution to stockholders after consideration of the reinvestment required for future growth. Significant judgment is required to estimate the amount and timing of future cash flows for each reporting unit and the relative risk of achieving those cash flows.
The market approach indicates the fair value of a business or asset based on a comparison of the business or asset to comparable publicly traded companies or assets and transactions in its industry as well as prior company or asset transactions. This approach can be estimated through the guideline company method. This method indicates fair value of a business by comparing it to publicly traded companies in similar lines of business. After identifying and selecting the guideline companies, we make judgments about the comparability of the companies based on size, growth rates, profitability, risk, and return on investment in order to estimate market multiples. These multiples are then applied to the reporting units to estimate a fair value.
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7. GOODWILL AND OTHER IDENTIFIABLE INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (CONTINUED)
The implied fair values of each reporting unit were added together to get an indicated value of total equity to which a range of indicated value of total equity was derived. This range was compared to the total market capitalization of $359.6 million as of June 30, 2018, which implied a range of control premiums of 5.7% to 16.4%. This range of control premiums fell below the control premiums observed in the last five years in the communications equipment industry. As a result, the market capitalization reconciliation analysis proved support for the reasonableness of the fair values estimated for each individual reporting unit.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2019, we assessed various qualitative factors to determine whether or not an additional goodwill impairment assessment was required as of March 31, 2019. We concluded that no additional impairment assessment was required.
Should the facts and circumstances surrounding our assumptions change, the first step of our goodwill impairment analysis may fail. Assumptions and estimates to determine fair values are complex and often subjective. They can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as changes in our business strategy and our internal forecasts. For example, if our future operating results do not meet current forecasts or if we experience a sustained decline in our market capitalization that is determined to be indicative of a reduction in fair value of one or more of our reporting units, we may be required to record future impairment charges for goodwill. An impairment could have a material effect on our consolidated balance sheet and results of operations. We have had no goodwill impairment losses since the adoption of ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Others, in fiscal 2003.
8. SALE OF BUILDING
On October 2, 2018, we sold our 130,000 square feet corporate headquarters building in Minnetonka, Minnesota to Minnetonka Leased Housing Associates II, LLLP. The sale price was $10.0 million in cash adjusted for certain selling costs and an escrow for the leaseback of the building for four months. At September 30, 2018 the net book value of the land, building and improvements was $5.2 million and listed as assets held for sale on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. As a result, we recorded a $1.1 million tax benefit in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 because we were able to use credit loss carryforwards which previously had a valuation allowance. We recorded a gain of $4.4 million ($3.4 million net of tax) in the first quarter of fiscal 2019, which is recorded in general and administrative expense. During the six months ended March 31, 2019, we paid $6.1 million for leasehold improvements to build out our new headquarters space. These improvements will be depreciated over 10 years, which is the estimated useful life of the improvements.
9. SEGMENT INFORMATION
We have two reportable operating segments: (1) IoT Products & Services, and (2) IoT Solutions. Summary operating results for each of our segments were as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three months ended March 31, |  | Six months ended March 31,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)* |  | 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)*
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services |  | $ | 56,039 |  |  | $ | 49,825 |  |  | $ | 109,333 |  |  | $ | 90,705 |
IoT Solutions |  | 9,725 |  |  | 4,723 |  |  | 18,744 |  |  | 8,798 |
Total revenue |  | $ | 65,764 |  |  | $ | 54,548 |  |  | $ | 128,077 |  |  | $ | 99,503 |
Operating income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services |  | $ | 3,450 |  |  | $ | 4,689 |  |  | $ | 10,852 |  |  | $ | 5,953 |
IoT Solutions |  | (2,665 | ) |  | (3,871 | ) |  | (4,509 | ) |  | (7,134 | )
Total operating income (loss) |  | $ | 785 |  |  | $ | 818 |  |  | $ | 6,343 |  |  | $ | (1,181 | )
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services |  | $ | 1,378 |  |  | $ | 1,729 |  |  | $ | 3,320 |  |  | $ | 2,578 |
IoT Solutions |  | 1,775 |  |  | 1,651 |  |  | 3,506 |  |  | 3,255 |
Total depreciation and amortization |  | $ | 3,153 |  |  | $ | 3,380 |  |  | $ | 6,826 |  |  | $ | 5,833 |

*Prior period information has been restated for the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” which we adopted on October 1, 2018.
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9. SEGMENT INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Total expended for property, plant and equipment was as follows (in thousands):

|  | Six months ended March 31,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
Expended for property, equipment and improvements |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services |  | $ | 7,289 |  |  | $ | 785 |
IoT Solutions* |  | 57 |  |  | — |
Total expended for property, plant and equipment |  | $ | 7,346 |  |  | $ | 785 |

* Excluded from this amount is $654 and $827 of transfers of inventory to property plant and equipment for the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Total assets for each of our segments were as follows (in thousands):

|  | March 31, 2019 |  |  | September 30, 2018 (as adjusted)*
Assets |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services |  | $ | 216,601 |  |  | $ | 209,574 |
IoT Solutions |  | 94,844 |  |  | 99,822 |
Unallocated** |  | 72,090 |  |  | 62,750 |
Total assets |  | $ | 383,535 |  |  | $ | 372,146 |

*Prior period information has been restated for the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” which we adopted on October 1, 2018.
**Unallocated consists of cash and cash equivalents and current marketable securities.
10. REVENUE
Revenue Disaggregation
The following summarizes our revenue by geographic location of our customers:

| Three months ended March 31, |  | Six months ended March 31,
($ in thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)* |  | 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)*
North America, primarily the United States | $ | 48,869 |  |  | $ | 39,169 |  |  | $ | 95,204 |  |  | $ | 68,506 |
Europe, Middle East & Africa | 10,764 |  |  | 9,504 |  |  | 20,868 |  |  | 19,660 |
Other | 6,131 |  |  | 5,875 |  |  | 12,005 |  |  | 11,337 |
Total revenue | $ | 65,764 |  |  | $ | 54,548 |  |  | $ | 128,077 |  |  | $ | 99,503 |

*Prior period information has been restated for the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” which we adopted on October 1, 2018.
Net sales of services and solutions disaggregated by product group:

| Three months ended March 31, |  | Six months ended March 31,
($ in thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)* |  | 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)*
IoT Products & Services Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hardware product | $ | 52,097 |  |  | $ | 47,588 |  |  | $ | 102,909 |  |  | $ | 86,042 |
Services | 3,942 |  |  | 2,237 |  |  | 6,424 |  |  | 4,663 |
Total IoT Products & Services Segment | 56,039 |  |  | 49,825 |  |  | 109,333 |  |  | 90,705 |
IoT Solutions Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Solutions | 9,725 |  |  | 4,723 |  |  | 18,744 |  |  | 8,798 |
Total Revenue | $ | 65,764 |  |  | $ | 54,548 |  |  | $ | 128,077 |  |  | $ | 99,503 |

*Prior period information has been restated for the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” which we adopted on October 1, 2018.
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10. REVENUE (CONTINUED)
Contract Balances
Contract Assets
Contract assets consist of subscriber assets. These subscriber assets relate to an implementation fee in certain contracts that we charge our customers so they can begin using the equipment. In this case, we retain the ownership of this equipment that the customer uses. Total subscriber assets of $2.3 million and $2.1 million as of March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively, are included in property, equipment and improvements, net. Amortization expense for these subscriber assets was $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, respectively and $0.4 million and $0.1 million for the six month periods ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, respectively. We amortize the cost of this equipment over its useful life (typically three years).
Contract Liabilities
The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Customers are invoiced for subscription services in advance on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis. Contract liabilities consist of unearned revenue related to annual or multi-year contracts for subscription services and related implementation fees for our IoT Solutions segment and our Digi Remote Manager® services in our IoT Products & Services segment.
Changes in unearned revenue were as follows:

|  | Six months ended March 31,
($ in thousands) |  | 2019
Unearned revenue, beginning of period* |  | $ | 3,933 |
Billings |  | 13,613 |
Revenue recognized |  | (10,497 | )
Unearned revenue, end of period |  | $ | 7,049 |

*Prior period information has been restated for the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” which we adopted on October 1, 2018.
Remaining Transaction Price
Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not been recognized, which includes unearned revenue and unbilled amounts that will be recognized as revenue in future periods. As of March 31, 2019 approximately $7.3 million of revenue is expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations for subscriptions contracts. We expect to recognize revenue on approximately $3.8 million of remaining performance obligations over the next twelve months. Revenue from the remaining performance obligations we expect to recognize revenue over a range of two to five years.
11. INCOME TAXES
Our income tax expense was $0.9 million for the six months ended March 31, 2019. Included in this expense was a net tax benefit discretely related to the six months ended March 31, 2019 of $0.3 million, primarily a result of expiring statute of limitations of uncertain tax benefits as well as excess tax benefits recognized on stock compensation. For the six months ended March 31, 2019, our effective tax rate before items discretely related to the period was less than the U.S. statutory rate due primarily to certain income tax credits generated in the U.S.
Income tax expense was $3.1 million for the six months ended March 31, 2018. Included in this expense was a net tax expense discretely related to the six months ended March 31, 2018 of $3.0 million, primarily as a result of new U.S. tax legislation that was enacted during the first quarter of fiscal 2018. For the six months ended March 31, 2018, our effective tax rate before items discretely related to the period was less than the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to the mix of income between taxing jurisdictions, certain of which had lower statutory tax rates than the U.S., and certain tax credits generated in the U.S.
Our effective tax rate will vary based on a variety of factors, including overall profitability, the geographical mix of income before taxes and related statutory tax rate in each jurisdiction, and tax items discretely related to the period, such as settlements of audits. We expect that we may record other benefits or expenses in the future that are specific to a particular quarter such as
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11. INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
expiration of statutes of limitation, the completion of tax audits, or legislation that is enacted for both U.S. and foreign jurisdictions.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is (in thousands):

Unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2018 | $ | 1,561 |
Decreases related to: |
Prior year income tax positions | (31 | )
Expiration of statute of limitations | (56 | )
Unrecognized tax benefits as of March 31, 2019 | $ | 1,474 |

The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect our effective tax rate is $1.3 million, after considering the impact of interest and deferred benefit items. We expect that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by approximately $0.1 million over the next 12 months.
12. PRODUCT WARRANTY OBLIGATION
The following table summarizes the activity associated with the product warranty accrual (in thousands) and is included on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets within current liabilities:

| Balance at |  | Warranties |  | Settlements |  | Balance at
Period | January 1 |  | issued |  | made |  | March 31
Three months ended March 31, 2019 | $ | 1,140 |  |  | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | (175 | ) |  | $ | 1,109 |
Three months ended March 31, 2018 | $ | 1,164 |  |  | $ | 362 |  |  | $ | (178 | ) |  | $ | 1,348 |
| Balance at |  | Warranties |  | Settlements |  | Balance at
Period | October 1 |  | issued |  | made |  | March 31
Six months ended March 31, 2019 | $ | 1,172 |  |  | $ | 216 |  |  | $ | (279 | ) |  | $ | 1,109 |
Six months ended March 31, 2018 | $ | 987 |  |  | $ | 716 |  |  | $ | (355 | ) |  | $ | 1,348 |

13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Lease Commitments
In October 2018, we signed a thirteen-year lease agreement with minimum lease obligations of $14.8 million with Colfin Midwest NNN Investor, LLC for 59,497 square feet of office space. This is now our new headquarters location in Hopkins, Minnesota, which is approximately three miles from our previous headquarters. In April 2019, subsequent to the end of the quarter, we received $3.3 million for a tenant improvement allowance.
We have entered into various operating lease agreements for office facilities and equipment, the last of which expires in fiscal 2032. The office facility leases generally require us to pay a pro-rata share of the lessor’s operating expenses. Certain operating leases contain escalation clauses and are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
The following schedule reflects future minimum rental commitments at March 31, 2019 under noncancelable operating leases (in thousands):

Fiscal year |  | Amount
2019 (six months) |  | $ | 995 |
2020 |  | 2,541 |
2021 |  | 2,495 |
2022 |  | 2,224 |
2023 |  | 2,054 |
2024 |  | 2,101 |
Thereafter |  | 11,056 |
Total minimum payments required |  | $ | 23,466 |

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13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (CONTINUED)
Contingencies
In November 2018, DimOnOff Inc., a company headquartered in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (“DimOnOff”), which sells control systems in the building automation and street lighting markets sued us and a former distributor from whom DimOnOff purchased certain of our products. The suit was brought in the Superior Court of the Province of Quebec in the District of Quebec (Canada) and alleges certain Digi products it purchased and incorporated into street lighting systems in a Canadian city were defective causing some of the street lights to malfunction. It alleges damages in of just over CAD 1.0 million. We intend to defend ourselves against DimOnOff’s claims. At this time we cannot assess the likelihood or amount of any potential loss.
In addition to the matter discussed above, in the normal course of business, we are subject to various claims and litigation. There can be no assurance that any claims by third parties, if proven to have merit, will not materially adversely affect our business, liquidity or financial condition.
14. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock-based awards were granted under the 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) beginning February 4, 2019 and, prior to that, were granted under the 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”). Upon stockholder approval of the 2019 Plan, we ceased granting awards under any prior plan. Shares subject to awards under prior plans that are forfeited, canceled, returned to the Company for failure to satisfy vesting requirements, settled in cash or otherwise terminated without payment also will be available for grant under the 2019 Plan. The authority to grant options under the 2019 Plan and to set other terms and conditions rests with the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.
The 2019 Plan authorizes the issuance of up to 1,500,000 common shares in connection with awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance-based full value awards or other stock-based awards. Eligible participants include our employees, our affiliates, non-employee directors of our Company and any consultant or advisor who is a natural person and provides services to us or our affiliates. Options that have been granted under the 2019 Plan typically vest over a four-year period and will expire if unexercised after seven years from the date of grant. Restricted stock unit awards (“RSUs”) that have been granted to directors typically vest in one year. RSUs that have been granted to executives and employees typically vest in January over a four-year period. The 2019 Plan is scheduled to expire on February 3, 2029. Options under the 2019 Plan can be granted as either incentive stock options or non-statutory stock options. The exercise price of options and the grant date price of restricted stock units is determined by our Compensation Committee but will not be less than the fair market value of our common stock based on the closing price as of the date of grant. Upon exercise of options or settlement of vested restricted stock units, we issue new shares of stock. As of March 31, 2019, there were approximately 1,524,170 shares available for future grants under the 2019 Plan.
Our equity plans and corresponding forms of award agreements generally have provisions allowing employees to elect to satisfy tax withholding obligations through the delivery of shares, having us retain a portion of shares issuable under the award or paying cash to us for the withholding. During the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, our employees forfeited 91,040 shares and 68,611 shares, respectively in order to satisfy $1.0 million and $0.7 million, respectively of withholding tax obligations related to stock-based compensation, pursuant to terms of awards under our board and shareholder-approved compensation plans for each respective period.
Employee contributions to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Purchase Plan”) were $0.5 million and $0.6 million during the six month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Pursuant to the Purchase Plan, 63,694 and 74,381 common shares were issued to employees during the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Shares are issued under the Purchase Plan from treasury stock. As of March 31, 2019, 251,882 common shares were available for future issuances under the Purchase Plan.
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14. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
Stock-based compensation expense is included in the consolidated results of operations as follows (in thousands):

| Three months ended March 31, |  | Six months ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Cost of sales | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 96 |
Sales and marketing | 466 |  |  | 391 |  |  | 819 |  |  | 725 |
Research and development | 269 |  |  | 167 |  |  | 469 |  |  | 175 |
General and administrative | 533 |  |  | 721 |  |  | 1,339 |  |  | 1,382 |
Stock-based compensation before income taxes | 1,293 |  |  | 1,325 |  |  | 2,707 |  |  | 2,378 |
Income tax benefit | (263 | ) |  | (277 | ) |  | (557 | ) |  | (498 | )
Stock-based compensation after income taxes | $ | 1,030 |  |  | $ | 1,048 |  |  | $ | 2,150 |  |  | $ | 1,880 |

Stock Options
The following table summarizes our stock option activity (in thousands, except per common share amounts):

|  | Options Outstanding |  | Weighted Average Exercised Price |  | Weighted Average Contractual Term (in years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1)
Balance at September 30, 2018 |  | 3,526 |  |  | $10.49 |  |  |  |
Granted |  | 590 |  |  | 10.92 |  |  |  |
Exercised |  | (410 | ) |  | 9.14 |  |  |  |
Forfeited / Canceled |  | (301 | ) |  | 12.64 |  |  |  |
Balance at March 31, 2019 |  | 3,405 |  |  | $10.67 |  | 4.3 |  | $ | 7,154 |
Exercisable at March 31, 2019 |  | 2,192 |  |  | $10.29 |  | 3.3 |  | $ | 5,434 |

(1) The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value, based on our closing stock price of $12.67 as of March 31, 2019, which would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options as of that date. The intrinsic value of an option is the amount by which the fair value of the underlying stock exceeds its exercise price.
The total intrinsic value of all options exercised during the six months ended March 31, 2019 was $1.6 million and during the six months ended March 31, 2018 was $0.5 million.
The table below shows the weighted average fair value, which was determined based upon the fair value of each option on the grant date utilizing the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the related assumptions:

| Six months ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Weighted average per option grant date fair value | $4.36 |  | $3.72
Assumptions used for option grants: |  |  |
Risk free interest rate | 2.56% - 2.93% |  | 2.12% - 2.58%
Expected term | 6.00 years |  | 6.00 years
Expected volatility | 33% - 34% |  | 33% - 34%
Weighted average volatility | 33% |  | 33%
Expected dividend yield | 0 |  | 0

The fair value of each option award granted during the periods presented was estimated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model that uses the assumptions noted in the table above. Expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility of our stock. We use historical data to estimate option exercise and employee termination information within the valuation model. The expected term of options granted is derived from the vesting period and historical information and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate used is the zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bond rate in effect at the time of the grant whose maturity equals the expected term of the option.
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14. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
As of March 31, 2019, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options was $4.8 million and the related weighted average period over which it is expected to be recognized is approximately 2.8 years.
Non-vested Restricted Stock Units
A summary of our non-vested restricted stock units as of March 31, 2019 and changes during the six months then ended is presented below (in thousands, except per common share amounts):

| Number of Awards |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at September 30, 2018 | 674 |  |  | $ | 11.05 |
Granted | 534 |  |  | $ | 11.60 |
Vested | (248 | ) |  | $ | 10.42 |
Canceled | (115 | ) |  | $ | 12.31 |
Nonvested at March 31, 2019 | 845 |  |  | $ | 11.41 |

As of March 31, 2019, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock units was $8.5 million, and the related weighted average period over which it is expected to be recognized is approximately 1.8 years.
15. RESTRUCTURING
Below is a summary of the restructuring charges and other activity (in thousands) all within our IoT Products and Services segment:

| Manufacturing Transition |  | 2017 Restructuring |  |
| Employee Termination Costs |  | Employee Termination Costs |  | Other |  | Total
Balance at September 30, 2018 | $ | 147 |  |  | $ | 293 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 453 |
Payments | (108 | ) |  | (233 | ) |  | (18 | ) |  | (359 | )
Reversals | (19 | ) |  | (53 | ) |  | 5 |  |  | (67 | )
Foreign currency fluctuation | — |  |  | (7 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7 | )
Balance at March 31, 2019 | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20 |

Manufacturing Transition
As announced on April 3, 2018, we transferred the manufacturing functions of our Eden Prairie, Minnesota operations facility to existing contract manufacture suppliers. As a result, approximately 53 employment positions were eliminated, resulting in restructuring charges of approximately $0.5 million related to employee costs during the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2018. The payments associated with these charges are expected to be completed by the third quarter of fiscal 2019. This manufacturing transition is expected to result in total annualized savings of between $3.0 million to $5.0 million.
2017 Restructuring
In May 2017, we approved a restructuring plan primarily impacting our France location, which is now closed. We also eliminated certain employee costs in the U.S. The restructuring was the result of a decision to consolidate our France operations to our Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) headquarters in Munich. The total restructuring charges amounted to $2.5 million that included $2.3 million of employee costs and $0.2 million of contract termination costs during the third quarter of fiscal 2017. These actions resulted in an elimination of 10 positions in the U.S. and 8 positions in France. The payments associated with these charges were completed in the first half of fiscal 2019.
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16. COMMON STOCK REPURCHASE
On April 24, 2018 our Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $20.0 million of our common stock primarily to return capital to shareholders. This repurchase authorization expired on May 1, 2019. There were no shares repurchased under this program as of March 31, 2019.
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Our management’s discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, as well as our subsequent reports on Form 8-K and any amendments thereto.
SAFE HARBOR STATEMENT UNDER THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995
This Form 10-Q contains certain statements that are “forward-looking statements” as that term is defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Forward-Looking Statements
The words “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “continue,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “should,” or “will” or the negative thereof or other variations thereon or similar terminology, which are predictions of or indicate future events and trends and which do not relate to historical matters, identify forward-looking statements. Among other items, these statements relate to expectations of the business environment in which we operate, estimated future values and projections of future performance, perceived marketplace opportunities and statements regarding our mission and vision. Such statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including risks related to the highly competitive market in which our company operates, rapid changes in technologies that may displace products sold by us, declining prices of networking products, our reliance on distributors and other third parties to sell our products, delays in product development efforts, uncertainty in user acceptance of our products, the ability to integrate our products and services with those of other parties in a commercially accepted manner, potential liabilities that can arise if any of our products have design or manufacturing defects, our ability to defend or settle satisfactorily any litigation, uncertainty in global economic conditions and economic conditions within particular regions of the world which could negatively affect product demand and the financial solvency of customers and suppliers, the impact of natural disasters and other events beyond our control that could negatively impact our supply chain and customers, potential unintended consequences associated with restructuring or other similar business initiatives that may impact our operations and our ability to retain important employees, the ability to achieve the anticipated benefits and synergies associated with acquisitions or divestitures, and changes in our level of revenue or profitability, which can fluctuate for many reasons beyond our control. These and other risks, uncertainties and assumptions identified from time to time in our filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, including without limitation, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2018, and subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and other filings, could cause the company’s future results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. Many of such factors are beyond our ability to control or predict. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date for which they are made. We disclaim any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Presentation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
This report includes adjusted earnings before interest, taxes and amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”), which is a non-GAAP measure. We understand that there are material limitations on the use of non-GAAP measures. Non-GAAP measures are not substitutes for GAAP measures, such as net (loss) income, for the purpose of analyzing financial performance. The disclosure of these measures does not reflect all charges and gains that were actually recognized by the company. Non-GAAP measures are not prepared in accordance with, or as an alternative for measures prepared in accordance with, generally accepted accounting principles and may be different from non-GAAP measures used by other companies or presented by us in prior reports. In addition, non-GAAP measures are not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles. We believe that non-GAAP measures have limitations in that they do not reflect all of the amounts associated with our results of operations as determined in accordance with GAAP and that these measures should only be used to evaluate our results of operations in conjunction with the corresponding GAAP measures. Additionally, Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures, the cash requirements for the replacement of depreciated and amortized assets, or changes in or cash requirements for our working capital needs.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA, defined as EBITDA adjusted for stock-based compensation expense, acquisition-related expenses, restructuring charges and recoveries, and gains from the disposition of our former corporate headquarters is useful to investors to evaluate the Company’s core operating results and financial performance because it excludes items that are significant non-cash or non-recurring expenses reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. We believe that the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue is useful because it provides a reliable and consistent approach to measuring our performance from year to year and in assessing our performance against that of other companies. We believe this information helps compare operating results and corporate performance exclusive of the impact of our capital structure and the method by which assets were acquired.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the values of purchased assets and assumed liabilities in acquisitions. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Refer to an update to our critical accounting policies included within Item 1, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (“Note 1”) of this Form 10-Q. No other material changes have occurred to the critical accounting policies set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018.
OVERVIEW
We are a leading global provider of business and mission-critical Internet-of-Things (“IoT”) connectivity products, services and solutions. We have two reportable operating segments:

• | IoT Products & Services segment; and

• | IoT Solutions segment.

Our IoT Products & Services segment consists primarily of distinct communications products and also includes communication product development services. Among other things, these products and services help our customers create next-generation connected products and deploy and manage critical communications infrastructures in demanding environments with high levels of security and reliability. This segment creates secure, easy-to-implement embedded solutions and services to help customers build IoT connectivity. It also deploys ready-to-use, complete box solutions to connect remote equipment. The IoT Products & Services segment also offers dedicated professional services for the design of specialized wireless communications products for customers. Finally, this segment offers managed cloud services that enable customers to capture and manage data from devices they connect to networks. Our IoT products and services are used by a wide range of businesses and institutions.
All of the revenue we report in our consolidated financial statements as product revenue is derived from products included in this segment. These products include our cellular products, radio frequency (“RF”) products, embedded and network products. Our cellular product category includes our cellular routers and all gateways. Our RF product category includes our XBee® modules as well as other RF Solutions. Our Embedded product category includes Digi Connect® and Rabbit® embedded systems on module and single board computers. Our network product category, which has the highest concentration of mature products, includes console and serial servers and USB connected products. Revenues we report as services and solutions revenue in our consolidated financial statements from this segment include Digi Wireless Design Services, Digi Remote Manager® and Digi Support Services we provide for our products.
Our IoT Solutions segment offers wireless temperature and other condition-based monitoring services as well as employee task management services. These solutions are focused on three primary vertical markets: healthcare (including retail pharmacies, hospitals and other medical facilities), food service and transportation/logistics. These solutions are marketed as SmartSense by Digi™, formerly Digi Smart Solutions. We have formed, expanded and enhanced the IoT Solutions segment through four acquisitions, which include: the October 2015 acquisition of Bluenica, the November 2016 acquisition of FreshTemp®, the January 2017 acquisition of SMART Temps® and the October 2017 acquisition of TempAlert. All revenues from this segment
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
are reported in our consolidated financial statements as services and solutions revenue as customers subscribe for ongoing monitoring services that are enabled by the deployment of hardware and related software.
For further detail on segment performance, see Segment Results of Operations section of the management discussion and analysis.
We compete for customers on the basis of existing and planned product features, service and software application capabilities, company reputation, brand recognition, technical support, alliance relationships, quality and reliability, product development capabilities, price and availability.
We utilize many financial, operational, and other metrics to evaluate our financial condition and financial performance. Below we highlight the metrics for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 that we feel are most important in these evaluations:
Total Revenue was $65.8 Million. Our revenue was $65.8 million for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 compared to $54.5 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2018, an increase of $11.2 million, or 20.6%.
Product revenue increased by $4.5 million, or 9.5%, in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 compared to the same period a year ago.
Services and solutions revenue increased by $6.7 million, or 96.4%, in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 compared to the same period a year ago.
Gross Margin was 46.1%. Our gross margin decreased as a percentage of revenue to 46.1% in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 as compared to 49.2% in the second quarter of fiscal 2018. Our gross margin decline was primarily a result of product and customer mix and costs associated with our transition to third-party manufacturing. This was partially offset by higher margin recurring revenue in IoT Solutions.
Net income for the second fiscal quarter of 2019 was $1.3 million, or $0.05 per diluted share. Net loss for the second fiscal quarter of 2018 was $0.1 million, or $0.00 loss per diluted share.
Adjusted EBITDA for the second fiscal quarter of 2019 was $6.5 Million, or 10.0% of total revenue. In the second fiscal quarter of fiscal 2018, Adjusted EBITDA was $5.2 million, or 9.6% of total revenue.
Below is a reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA:

| Three months ended March 31, |  | Six months ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)* |  | 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)*
($ in thousands) |  |  | % of total revenue |  |  |  | % of total revenue |  |  |  | % of total revenue |  |  |  | % of total revenue
Total revenue | $ | 65,764 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 54,548 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 128,077 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 99,503 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Net income | $ | 1,342 |  |  |  |  | $ | (126 | ) |  |  |  | $ | 6,024 |  |  |  |  | $ | (4,613 | ) |  |
Interest income, net | (142 | ) |  |  |  | (34 | ) |  |  |  | (258 | ) |  |  |  | (239 | ) |  |
Income tax (benefit) expense | (158 | ) |  |  |  | 451 |  |  |  |  | 882 |  |  |  |  | 3,099 |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 3,153 |  |  |  |  | 3,380 |  |  |  |  | 6,826 |  |  |  |  | 5,833 |  |  |
Stock-based compensation | 1,293 |  |  |  |  | 1,325 |  |  |  |  | 2,707 |  |  |  |  | 2,378 |  |  |
Gain on sale of building | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (4,396 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Restructuring reversal | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (67 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Acquisition-related expense | 1,060 |  |  |  |  | 249 |  |  |  |  | 991 |  |  |  |  | 1,750 |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 6,548 |  |  | 10.0 | % |  | $ | 5,245 |  |  | 9.6 | % |  | $ | 12,709 |  |  | 9.9 | % |  | $ | 8,208 |  |  | 8.2 | %

*Prior period information has been restated for the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” which we adopted on October 1, 2018.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth selected information derived from our interim condensed consolidated statements of operations:

| Three months ended March 31, | % incr. |  | Six months ended March 31, | % incr.
($ in thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)* | (decr.) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)* | (decr.)
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product | $ | 52,097 |  |  | 79.2 | % |  | $ | 47,588 |  |  | 87.2 | % | 9.5 |  |  | $ | 102,909 |  |  | 80.3 | % |  | $ | 86,042 |  |  | 86.5 | % | 19.6 |
Services and solutions | 13,667 |  |  | 20.8 |  |  | 6,960 |  |  | 12.8 |  | 96.4 |  |  | 25,168 |  |  | 19.7 |  |  | 13,461 |  |  | 13.5 |  | 87.0 |
Total revenue | 65,764 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | 54,548 |  |  | 100.0 |  | 20.6 |  |  | 128,077 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | 99,503 |  |  | 100.0 |  | 28.7 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of product | 28,496 |  |  | 43.3 |  |  | 23,080 |  |  | 42.3 |  | 23.5 |  |  | 54,309 |  |  | 42.4 |  |  | 42,290 |  |  | 42.5 |  | 28.4 |
Cost of services and solutions | 6,214 |  |  | 9.5 |  |  | 3,864 |  |  | 7.1 |  | 60.8 |  |  | 12,191 |  |  | 9.5 |  |  | 7,043 |  |  | 7.1 |  | 73.1 |
Amortization of intangibles | 725 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 770 |  |  | 1.4 |  | (5.8 | ) |  | 1,465 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 1,377 |  |  | 1.4 |  | 6.4 |
Total cost of sales | 35,435 |  |  | 53.9 |  |  | 27,714 |  |  | 50.8 |  | 27.9 |  |  | 67,965 |  |  | 53.1 |  |  | 50,710 |  |  | 51.0 |  | 34.0 |
Gross profit | 30,329 |  |  | 46.1 |  |  | 26,834 |  |  | 49.2 |  | 13.0 |  |  | 60,112 |  |  | 46.9 |  |  | 48,793 |  |  | 49.0 |  | 23.2 |
Operating expenses | 29,544 |  |  | 44.9 |  |  | 26,016 |  |  | 47.7 |  | 13.6 |  |  | 53,769 |  |  | 42.0 |  |  | 49,974 |  |  | 50.2 |  | 7.6 |
Operating income (loss) | 785 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 818 |  |  | 1.5 |  | (4.0 | ) |  | 6,343 |  |  | 5.0 |  |  | (1,181 | ) |  | (1.2 | ) | 637.1 |
Other income (expense), net | 399 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | (493 | ) |  | (0.9 | ) | (180.9 | ) |  | 563 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | (333 | ) |  | (0.3 | ) | (269.1 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes | 1,184 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 325 |  |  | 0.6 |  | 264.3 |  |  | 6,906 |  |  | 5.4 |  |  | (1,514 | ) |  | (1.5 | ) | 556.1 |
Income tax (benefit) expense | (158 | ) |  | (0.2 | ) |  | 451 |  |  | 0.8 |  | (135.0 | ) |  | 882 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 3,099 |  |  | 3.1 |  | (71.5 | )
Net income (loss) | $ | 1,342 |  |  | 2.0 | % |  | $ | (126 | ) |  | (0.2 | )% | (1,165.1 | ) |  | $ | 6,024 |  |  | 4.7 | % |  | $ | (4,613 | ) |  | (4.6 | )% | 230.6 |

*Prior period information has been restated for the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”, which we adopted on October 1, 2018.
REVENUE
Product
Product revenue increased by $4.5 million, or 9.5%, in the second fiscal quarter of 2019 compared to the second fiscal quarter of 2018. This increase included increased sales in our cellular, RF and embedded product categories due to increased customer demand and new product introductions. This was offset partially by a decline in sales of terminal servers as we had sales to a significant customer in the second quarter of fiscal 2018.
Product revenue increased by $16.9 million, or 19.6%, in the six months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. This increase included $5.4 million of incremental revenue related from Accelerated Concepts, Inc. (“Accelerated”), a provider of cellular (LTE) networking equipment, since the acquisition in January 2018. This increase also included increased sales in our cellular, RF and embedded products due to increased customer demand, significant new customers and new product introductions. This was offset partially by a decline in sales of terminal servers as we had sales to a significant customer in the second quarter of fiscal 2018.
Our product revenue is subject to large customer projects and deployments that can fluctuate from period to period.
Services and Solutions
Services and solutions revenue increased by $6.7 million and $11.7 million, or 96.4% and 87.0% for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2019, respectively, as compared to the same periods in the prior fiscal year. This primarily was driven by the growth of our SmartSense by Digi™ business of $5.0 million and $9.9 million for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2019, respectively. These increases were driven by new customer deployments, additional purchases and equipment upgrades from existing customers, and an increase in our recurring revenue base. In addition, our services revenue increased by $1.7 million and $1.8 million for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2019, respectively, as compared to the same periods in the prior fiscal year. The services revenue increases for both comparable periods were primarily due to Digi Remote Manager® and support revenue.
We expect our Solutions revenue to increase over time. The growth rate in revenue may be subject to fluctuations from period to period as large-scale deployments to specific customers may take place in certain time frames and may not occur in every
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quarter. Further, one-time orders, equipment upgrades or replacement equipment from existing customers could cause there to be one-time increases in revenue that are not repeated in subsequent quarters.
Foreign Currency Impacts
Included in revenue performance for the year was a minimal decrease in foreign currency translation for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2019, when compared to the same periods in the prior fiscal year.
Revenue by Geographic Location
The following summarizes our revenue by geographic location of our customers:

| Three months ended March 31, |  | $ incr. | % incr. |  | Six months ended March 31, |  | $ incr. | % incr.
($ in thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)* |  | (decr.) | (decr.) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)* |  | (decr.) | (decr.)
North America, primarily United States | $ | 48,869 |  |  | $ | 39,169 |  |  | 9,700 |  | 24.8 |  | $ | 95,204 |  |  | $ | 68,506 |  |  | 26,698 |  | 39.0
Europe, Middle East & Africa | 10,764 |  |  | 9,504 |  |  | 1,260 |  | 13.3 |  | 20,868 |  |  | 19,660 |  |  | 1,208 |  | 6.1
Other | 6,131 |  |  | 5,875 |  |  | 256 |  | 4.4 |  | 12,005 |  |  | 11,337 |  |  | 668 |  | 5.9
Total revenue | $ | 65,764 |  |  | $ | 54,548 |  |  | 11,216 |  | 20.6 |  | $ | 128,077 |  |  | $ | 99,503 |  |  | 28,574 |  | 28.7

*Prior period information has been restated for the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” which we adopted on October 1, 2018.
Revenue in North America increased by $9.7 million and $26.7 million, or 24.8% and 39.0% for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods a year ago. This increase was primarily related to increased sales of SmartSense by Digi™ of $5.0 million and $9.9 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, as compared to the same periods in the prior fiscal year. In addition, we had incremental revenue of $5.4 million from our acquisition of Accelerated for the six months ended March 31, 2019 since the acquisition in January 2018. We also had increased sales from our cellular, RF and embedded product categories. This was partially offset by a decline in sales of terminal servers as we had sales to a significant customer in the second quarter of fiscal 2018. We expect North America revenue to increase as a percentage of total revenue as our SmartSense by Digi™ and Accelerated products and services are sold primarily in North America.
Revenue in EMEA increased by $1.3 million and $1.2 million, or 13.3% and 6.1% for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods a year ago primarily to due a large customer deployment of RF products in the second quarter of fiscal 2019.
Revenue in Other increased by $0.3 million and $0.7 million, or 4.4% and 5.9% for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods a year ago primarily due to increased sales of embedded modules and RF products.
No significant changes were made to our pricing strategy that impacted revenue during the six months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. As foreign currency rates fluctuate, we may from time to time adjust the prices of our products, services and solutions.
GROSS PROFIT
Gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $30.3 million and $26.8 million, respectively, an increase of $3.5 million, or 13.0%. Gross profit for the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $60.1 million and $48.8 million, respectively, an increase of $11.3 million, or 23.2%.
Product gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $23.6 million, or 45.3%, and $24.5 million, or 51.5%, respectively, a decrease of $0.9 million, or 3.7%. The decrease was due to lower sales of network products, which have a higher gross margin, and costs associated with our transition to third-party manufacturing. Product gross profit for the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $48.6 million, or 47.2%, and $43.8 million, or 50.8%, respectively, an increase of $4.8 million, or 11.1%. The increase included incremental gross profit of $2.3 million since the January 2018 acquisition of Accelerated and increased sales from most of our product categories. For the six months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period a year ago, gross margin declined primarily as a result of product and customer mix, costs associated with our transition to third-party manufacturing and increased amortization expense related to the Accelerated acquisition.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
Services and solutions gross profit, across both segments, was $7.5 million, or 54.5%, and $3.1 million, or 44.5%, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Services and solutions gross profit, across both segments, was $13.0 million, or 51.6%, and $6.4 million, or 47.7%, for the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in gross profit primarily was driven by our SmartSense by Digi™ business due to increases in both product and recurring revenue. As recurring revenue increases and becomes a greater percentage of total revenue, we expect gross margins to increase over time.
OPERATING EXPENSES
The following summarizes our total operating expenses in dollars and as a percentage of total revenue:

| Three months ended March 31, |  | $ incr. |  | Six months ended March 31, |  | $ incr.
($ in thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)* |  | (decr.) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)* |  | (decr.)
Sales and marketing | $ | 11,534 |  |  | 17.5 | % |  | $ | 11,175 |  |  | 20.5 | % |  | $ | 359 |  |  | $ | 23,191 |  |  | 18.1 | % |  | $ | 20,935 |  |  | 21.0 | % |  | $ | 2,256 |
Research and development | 9,569 |  |  | 14.6 | % |  | 8,617 |  |  | 15.8 | % |  | 952 |  |  | 19,087 |  |  | 14.9 | % |  | 16,368 |  |  | 16.5 | % |  | 2,719 |
General and administrative | 8,441 |  |  | 12.8 | % |  | 6,224 |  |  | 11.4 | % |  | 2,217 |  |  | 11,558 |  |  | 9.0 | % |  | 12,671 |  |  | 12.7 | % |  | (1,113 | )
Restructuring reversal | — |  |  | — | % |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | — |  |  | (67 | ) |  | — | % |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | (67 | )
Total operating expenses | $ | 29,544 |  |  | 44.9 | % |  | $ | 26,016 |  |  | 47.7 | % |  | $ | 3,528 |  |  | $ | 53,769 |  |  | 42.0 | % |  | $ | 49,974 |  |  | 50.2 | % |  | $ | 3,795 |

*Prior period information has been restated for the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” which we adopted on October 1, 2018.
Sales and marketing expenses increased $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period a year ago. The increase related primarily to an increase in employee-related expenses. Sales and marketing expenses increased $2.3 million for the six months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period a year ago. This included incremental expenses for Accelerated of $1.1 million since the January 2018 acquisition. The remainder of the increase related primarily to an increase in employee-related expenses and marketing expenses.
Research and development expenses increased $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period a year ago. The increase related primarily to an increase in employee-related expenses. Research and development expenses increased $2.7 million for the six months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period a year ago. The increase includes incremental expenses related to the acquisition of Accelerated of $0.8 million since the January 2018 acquisition. The remainder of the increase primarily was related to variable compensation-related expenses.
General and administrative expenses increased $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period a year ago. This was primarily due to increases of $0.8 million in acquisition-related expenses, $0.6 million of employee-related expenses and $0.6 million of expenses related to adjustments in contingent consideration. General and administrative expenses decreased $1.1 million for the six months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period a year ago. This decrease primarily is related to $4.4 million gain recorded in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 as well as decreased acquisition-related expenses of $0.8 million. This was offset partially by increased compensation-related expenses of $1.2 million, acquisition earn-out expenses of $1.2 million, an increase in incremental expenses for Accelerated of $0.9 million, and depreciation expenses of $0.4 million primarily related to acceleration of depreciation for assets that were disposed of as part of the move of our corporate headquarters.
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET
Other income (expense), net increased $0.9 million for both the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same periods a year ago. This was primarily related to foreign currency gains in fiscal 2019 as compared to foreign currency losses in fiscal 2018, primarily related to the Euro and the Japanese Yen.
INCOME TAXES
See Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements for discussion of income taxes.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
SEGMENT RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
IoT PRODUCTS & SERVICES

| Three months ended March 31, | % incr. |  | Six months ended March 31, | % incr.
($ in thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)* | (decr.) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)* | (decr.)
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product | $ | 52,097 |  |  | 93.0 | % |  | $ | 47,588 |  |  | 95.5 | % | 9.5 |  |  | $ | 102,909 |  |  | 94.1 | % |  | $ | 86,042 |  |  | 94.9 | % | 19.6
Services | 3,942 |  |  | 7.0 |  |  | 2,237 |  |  | 4.5 |  | 76.2 |  |  | 6,424 |  |  | 5.9 |  |  | 4,663 |  |  | 5.1 |  | 37.8
Total revenue | 56,039 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | 49,825 |  |  | 100.0 |  | 12.5 |  |  | 109,333 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | 90,705 |  |  | 100.0 |  | 20.5
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of product | 28,496 |  |  | 50.9 |  |  | 23,080 |  |  | 46.3 |  | 23.5 |  |  | 54,309 |  |  | 49.7 |  |  | 42,290 |  |  | 46.6 |  | 28.4
Cost of services | 1,754 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 1,410 |  |  | 2.8 |  | 24.4 |  |  | 3,643 |  |  | 3.3 |  |  | 2,749 |  |  | 3.0 |  | 32.5
Amortization of intangibles | 226 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 246 |  |  | 0.5 |  | (8.1 | ) |  | 452 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 330 |  |  | 0.4 |  | 37.0
Total cost of sales | 30,476 |  |  | 54.4 |  |  | 24,736 |  |  | 49.6 |  | 23.2 |  |  | 58,404 |  |  | 53.4 |  |  | 45,369 |  |  | 50.0 |  | 28.7
Gross profit | 25,563 |  |  | 45.6 |  |  | 25,089 |  |  | 50.4 |  | 1.9 |  |  | 50,929 |  |  | 46.6 |  |  | 45,336 |  |  | 50.0 |  | 12.3
Total operating expenses | 22,113 |  |  | 39.4 |  |  | 20,400 |  |  | 41.0 |  | 8.4 |  |  | 40,077 |  |  | 36.7 |  |  | 39,383 |  |  | 43.4 |  | 1.8
Operating income | $ | 3,450 |  |  | 6.2 | % |  | $ | 4,689 |  |  | 9.4 | % | (26.4 | ) |  | $ | 10,852 |  |  | 9.9 | % |  | $ | 5,953 |  |  | 6.6 | % | 82.3

Revenue
Revenue from our IoT Products & Services segment increased $6.2 million and $18.6 million, or 12.5% and 20.5%, for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior fiscal year.
Product revenue increased by $4.5 million, or 9.5%, in the second fiscal quarter of 2019 compared to the second fiscal quarter of 2018. We incurred increased sales from our cellular, RF and embedded product categories due to increased customer demand and new product introductions. This was partially offset by a decline in sales of terminal servers as we had sales to a significant customer in the second quarter of fiscal 2018. Services revenue from this segment increased $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period a year ago, primarily due to sales of Digi Remote Manager® and support services.
Product revenue increased by $16.8 million, or 19.6%, in the first half of fiscal 2019 compared to the first half of fiscal 2018. This included incremental revenue of $5.4 million from our acquisition of Accelerated for the six months ended March 31, 2019 since the acquisition in January 2018. We also had increased sales from our cellular, RF and embedded product categories. This was offset partially by a decline in terminal servers as we had sales to a significant customer in the first half of fiscal 2018. Services revenue from this segment increased $1.8 million for the six months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period a year ago, primarily due to sales of Digi Remote Manager® and support services.
Our product revenue is subject to large customer projects and deployments that can fluctuate from period to period.
Operating Income
Operating income decreased $1.2 million, or 26.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. The decrease is primarily related to increased employee-related expenses due to increased incentive compensation due to improved company performance. In addition, we had an increase of $0.6 million in adjustments to contingent consideration. This was partially offset by a decrease of $0.2 million in acquisition-related expenses.
Operating income increased $4.9 million, or 82.3%, for the six months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. This increase is primarily related to $4.4 million of gain related to the sale of our corporate headquarters in the first quarter of fiscal 2019, incremental revenue related to Accelerated of $5.4 million. In addition, we had increased gross profit, partially offset by increased incentive compensation both of which are due to improved company performance. Operating income was negatively impacted by $1.2 million of adjustments to contingent consideration for the first half of fiscal 2019 as compared to the first half of fiscal 2018 and a reduction of $1.8 million of acquisition-related expenses.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
IoT SOLUTIONS

| Three months ended March 31, | % incr. |  | Six months ended March 31, | % incr.
($ in thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)* | (decr.) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 (as adjusted)* | (decr.)
Solutions revenue | $ | 9,725 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 4,723 |  |  | 100.0 | % | 105.9 |  |  | $ | 18,744 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 8,798 |  |  | 100.0 | % | 113.0 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services | 4,460 |  |  | 45.9 |  |  | 2,454 |  |  | 52.0 |  | 81.7 |  |  | 8,548 |  |  | 45.6 |  |  | 4,294 |  |  | 48.8 |  | 99.1 |
Amortization of intangibles | 499 |  |  | 5.1 |  |  | 524 |  |  | 11.1 |  | (4.8 | ) |  | 1,013 |  |  | 5.4 |  |  | 1,047 |  |  | 11.9 |  | (3.2 | )
Total cost of sales | 4,959 |  |  | 51.0 |  |  | 2,978 |  |  | 63.1 |  | 66.5 |  |  | 9,561 |  |  | 51.0 |  |  | 5,341 |  |  | 60.7 |  | 79.0 |
Gross profit | 4,766 |  |  | 49.0 |  |  | 1,745 |  |  | 36.9 |  | (173.1 | ) |  | 9,183 |  |  | 49.0 |  |  | 3,457 |  |  | 39.3 |  | 165.6 |
Total operating expenses | 7,431 |  |  | 76.4 |  |  | 5,616 |  |  | 118.9 |  | 32.3 |  |  | 13,692 |  |  | 73.1 |  |  | 10,591 |  |  | 120.4 |  | 29.3 |
Operating loss | $ | (2,665 | ) |  | (27.4 | )% |  | $ | (3,871 | ) |  | (82.0 | )% | (31.2 | ) |  | $ | (4,509 | ) |  | (24.1 | )% |  | $ | (7,134 | ) |  | (81.1 | )% | (36.8 | )

*Prior period information has been restated for the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”, which we adopted on October 1, 2018.
Revenue
Revenue from our IoT Solutions segment increased $5.0 million and $9.9 million, or 105.9% and 113.0%, for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods a year ago. This primarily was driven by the growth of our SmartSense by Digi™ business. The increase is driven by new customer deployments, additional purchases and equipment upgrades from existing customers, and an increase in our recurring revenue base. Recurring revenue for this segment was approximately 35% of revenue for the six months ended March 31, 2019. We are serving just over 57,000 sites as of March 31, 2019 compared to nearly 42,000 sites a year ago. We believe this marketplace offers a path to a significant base of recurring revenue that can provide both stable revenue generation and significant growth for us.
We expect our Solutions revenue to increase over time. The growth rate in revenue may be subject to fluctuations from period to period as large-scale deployments to specific customers may take place in certain time frames and may not occur in every quarter. Further, one-time orders or replacement equipment from existing customers could cause there to be one-time increases in revenue that are not repeated in subsequent quarters.
Operating Loss
Operating loss decreased $1.2 million and $2.6 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, as compared to the same periods in the prior fiscal year.
The increase for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year was due to an increase in gross profit of $3.0 million, or 173.1%, offset by an increase in operating expenses of $1.8 million, or 32.3%. Included in the operating loss for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $1.0 million of acquisition-related expense.
The increase for the six months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year fiscal year was due to an increase in gross profit of $5.7 million, or 165.6%, offset by an increase in operating expenses of $3.1 million, or 29.3%. Included in the operating loss for the six months ended March 31, 2019 was $1.0 million of acquisition-related expense.
We expect our IoT Solutions gross margin to increase in future periods as recurring revenue from this segment increases.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
We have financed our operations and capital expenditures principally with funds generated from operations. In addition, we received $10.0 million of proceeds related to the sale of our corporate headquarters during the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and spent $6.1 million on the build-out of our new corporate headquarters during the first half of fiscal 2019. In April 2019, subsequent to the end of the quarter, we received $3.3 million for a tenant improvement allowance. At March 31, 2019, cash, cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities were $72.1 million compared to $62.8 million at September 30, 2018. Our working capital (total current assets less total current liabilities) was $134.1 million at March 31, 2019. At September 30, 2018, our working capital was $126.5 million.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
We presently anticipate total fiscal 2019 capital expenditures will be approximately $7.8 million, and we have spent $7.3 million as of March 31, 2019.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $6.2 million compared to net cash used by operating activities of $5.0 million for the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, a net increase in cash of $11.2 million. This increase was a result of net income of $6.0 million in the first six months of fiscal 2019 compared to a net loss of $4.6 million in the first six months of fiscal 2018, resulting in a net increase of $10.6 million. We also had an increase related to changes in working capital of $3.9 million, depreciation and amortization of $1.0 million, earn-out expenses of $1.2 million and additional stock compensation of $0.3 million. This was offset partially by the gain on the sale of the corporate headquarters of $4.4 million and a decrease in deferred income tax provision of $1.5 million related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (see Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements).
The changes in working capital that resulted in an increase in cash of $3.9 million were driven by increases of $3.5 million related to decreased inventory purchases in the first half of fiscal 2019. In addition, there were increases of $1.3 million related to accrued liabilities, $1.0 million related to accounts payable and $1.1 million related to accounts receivable as we collected on certain large customer sales. This was offset partially by decreases of $1.6 million related to prepaids and other assets and $1.4 million related to taxes payable in the first half of fiscal 2019.
Net cash provided by investing activities was $4.9 million during the six months ended March 31, 2019 and net cash used by investing activities was $25.9 million during the six months ended March 31, 2018. This resulted in a net increase of $30.8 million. This increase is related primarily to $56.6 million that was spent for businesses acquired in fiscal 2018 and $10.0 million of proceeds from the sale of our corporate headquarters in fiscal 2019. This was partially offset by decreases in cash due to $27.3 million in fewer proceeds from the sale of marketable securities, $2.0 million in proceeds from the sale of Etherios received in fiscal 2018 and an additional $6.5 million in purchases of property, equipment, and improvements mostly related to the build-out of our new corporate headquarters.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $0.9 million and $3.4 million during the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, a net decrease of $2.5 million. This decrease is a result of a $2.4 million earn-out payment to the former shareholders of FreshTemp and Bluenica in the first half of fiscal 2019. In addition, we had more purchases of common stock of $0.4 million. This was partially offset by additional proceeds from employee stock plans of $0.3 million.
We generally expect positive cash flows from operations and believe that our current cash, cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities balances, cash generated from operations and our ability to secure debt and/or equity financing will be sufficient to fund our business operations, possible acquisitions and capital expenditures for the next twelve months and beyond.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
For information on new accounting pronouncements, see Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
INTEREST RATE RISK
Our exposure to interest rate risk relates primarily to our investment portfolio. Our marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. Our investments consist of money market funds, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate bonds and government municipal bonds. Our investment policy specifies the types of eligible investments and minimum credit quality of our investments, as well as diversification and concentration limits which mitigate our risk. We do not use derivative financial instruments to hedge against interest rate risk because the majority of our investments mature in less than one year.
FOREIGN CURRENCY RISK
We are exposed to foreign currency transaction risk associated with certain sales transactions being denominated in Euros, British Pounds, Japanese Yen or Canadian Dollars and in certain cases, transactions in U.S. Dollars in our foreign entities. We are also exposed to foreign currency translation risk as the financial position and operating results of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. Dollars for consolidation. We manage our net asset or net liability position for non-functional currency accounts, primarily the U.S. Dollar accounts in our foreign locations to reduce our foreign currency risk. In addition, as foreign currency rates fluctuate, we may from time to time, adjust the prices of our products, services and solutions. We have not implemented a formal hedging strategy.
For the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we had approximately $32.9 million and $31.0 million, respectively, of revenue from foreign customers including export sales. Of these sales, $1.7 million and $5.9 million, respectively, were denominated in foreign currency, predominantly Euros, British Pounds and Canadian Dollar. In future periods, we expect a portion of sales will continue to be made in both Euros, British Pounds and Canadian Dollar.
Included in revenue performance for the year was a minimal decrease in foreign currency translation for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2019, when compared to the same periods in the prior fiscal year.
The table below compares the average monthly exchange rates of the Euro, British Pound, Japanese Yen and Canadian Dollar to the U.S. Dollar:

| Six months ended March 31, |  | % increase
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | (decrease)
Euro | 1.1419 |  |  | 1.2029 |  |  | (5.1 | )%
British Pound | 1.2942 |  |  | 1.3591 |  |  | (4.8 | )%
Japanese Yen | 0.0090 |  |  | 0.0090 |  |  | — | %
Canadian Dollar | 0.7547 |  |  | 0.7893 |  |  | (4.4 | )%

A 10% change from the first six months of fiscal 2019 average exchange rate for the Euro, British Pound, Japanese Yen and Canadian Dollar to the U.S. Dollar would have resulted in a 0.1% increase or decrease in revenue and a 1.5% increase or decrease in stockholders’ equity due to foreign currency translation. The above analysis does not take into consideration any pricing adjustments we might consider in response to changes in such exchange rates.
CREDIT RISK
We have some exposure to credit risk related to our accounts receivable portfolio. Exposure to credit risk is controlled through regular monitoring of customer financial status, credit limits and collaboration with sales management and customer contacts to facilitate payment.
Investments are made in accordance with our investment policy and may consist of money market funds, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate bonds and government municipal bonds. The fair value of our investments contains an element of credit exposure, which could change based on changes in market conditions. If market conditions deteriorate or if the issuers of these securities experience credit rating downgrades, we may incur impairment charges for securities in our investment portfolio. All of our securities are held domestically.
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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
As of the end of the period covered by this report, we conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)). Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Acting Principal Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The disclosures set forth under the heading “Contingencies” in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q are incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those previously disclosed in Item 1A of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2018.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
On April 24, 2018 our Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $20.0 million of our common stock primarily to return capital to shareholders. This repurchase authorization expired on May 1, 2019. There were no shares repurchased under this program.
The following table presents the information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of Digi International Inc. or any “affiliated purchaser” (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), of our common stock during the second quarter of fiscal 2019:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Program |  | Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program
January 1, 2019 - January 31, 2019 |  | 7,052 |  |  | $ | 11.37 |  |  | — |  |  | $20,000,000.00
February 1, 2019 - February 28, 2019 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $20,000,000.00
March 1, 2019 - March 31, 2019 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $20,000,000.00
Total |  | 7,052 |  |  | $ | 11.37 |  |  | — |  |  | $20,000,000.00

(1) | All shares reported were forfeited by employees in connection with the satisfaction of tax withholding obligations related to the vesting of restricted stock units.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
None.
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ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None

ITEM 6. |  | EXHIBITS

Exhibit No. | Description | Method of Filing
3 |  | (a) | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended (1) | Incorporated by Reference
3 |  | (b) | Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Company (2) | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (a) | Digi International Inc. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (3)* | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (a)(i) | Form of (Director) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for awards under Digi International Inc 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan)* | Filed Electronically
10 |  | (a)(ii) | Form of (Executive) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for awards under Digi International Inc 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan)* | Filed Electronically
10 |  | (a)(iii) | Form of (Employee) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for awards under Digi International Inc 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan)* | Filed Electronically
10 |  | (a)(iv) | Form of Notice of Grant of Stock Options and Option Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan)* | Filed Electronically
31 |  | (a) | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer | Filed Electronically
31 |  | (b) | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer | Filed Electronically
32 |  |  | Section 1350 Certification | Filed Electronically
101.INS |  |  | XBRL Instance Document | Filed Electronically
101.SCH |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | Filed Electronically
101.CAL |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document | Filed Electronically
101.DEF |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document | Filed Electronically
101.LAB |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document | Filed Electronically
101.PRE |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document | Filed Electronically

______________
*Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit to this Form 10-Q.

(1) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(a) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 1993 (File No. 0-17972)

(2) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(b) to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 28, 2017 (File No. 1-34033)

(3) | Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Company’s definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed December 14, 2018 (File No. 1-34033)

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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC. |
Date: | May 7, 2019 | By: | /s/ Brian G. Ballenger |
|  |  | Brian G. Ballenger |
|  |  | Vice President of Finance and Accounting, Acting Principal Financial Officer, Acting Principal Accounting Officer and Interim Treasurer |

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