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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K

☑ |  | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended: September 30, 2020
or

☐ |  | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .
Commission file number: 001-34033
DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 41-1532464
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

9350 Excelsior Blvd. | Suite 700 |  |
Hopkins | Minnesota |  | 55343
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(952) 912-3444
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share |  | DGII |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☑
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☑
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company |  | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of the last business day of the Registrant's most recently competed second fiscal quarter was $272,901,608 based on a closing price of $9.54 per common share as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. (For purposes of this calculation all of the registrant's directors and executive officers are deemed affiliates of the registrant.)
Shares of common stock outstanding as of November 20, 2020: 29,241,998
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrant's Proxy Statement for its 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III hereto.

INDEX

| Page
PART I. |
ITEM 1. Business | 1
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors | 7
ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments | 18
ITEM 2. Properties | 18
ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings | 19
ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | 19
PART II. |
ITEM 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 19
ITEM 6. Selected Financial Data | 21
ITEM 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 22
ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 33
ITEM 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 34
ITEM 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants On Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 66
ITEM 9A. Controls and Procedures | 66
ITEM 9B. Other Information | 68
PART III. |
ITEM 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 68
ITEM 11. Executive Compensation | 69
ITEM 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 69
ITEM 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 69
ITEM 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services | 69
PART IV. |
ITEM 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules | 70
ITEM 16. Form 10-K Summary | 73

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PART I.
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
General Background and Product Offerings
Digi International Inc. ("Digi," "we," "our," or "us") was incorporated in 1985 as a Minnesota corporation. We were reorganized as a Delaware corporation in 1989 in conjunction with our initial public offering. Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market tier of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC under the symbol DGII. Our World Headquarters is located at 9350 Excelsior Blvd., Suite 700, Hopkins, Minnesota 55343. The telephone number at our World Headquarters is (952) 912-3444.
We are a leading global provider of business and mission-critical Internet of Things ("IoT") connectivity products, services and solutions. We help our customers deploy, monitor and manage critical communications infrastructures that deliver important information in demanding environments with high levels of security and reliability. We have two reportable operating segments under applicable accounting standards: (i) IoT Products & Services; and (ii) IoT Solutions.
Our IoT Products & Services segment offers products and services that help original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs"), enterprise and government customers create and deploy, secure IoT connectivity solutions. From embedded and wireless modules to console servers as well as enterprise and industrial routers, we provide a wide variety of communication sub-assemblies and finished products to meet our customers' IoT communication requirements. In addition, this segment provides our customers with a device management platform and other professional services to enable customers to capture and manage data from devices connected to networks.
Our IoT Solutions segment offers wireless temperature and other condition-based monitoring services as well as employee task management services. These solutions are focused on the following vertical markets: food service, healthcare (primarily pharmacies) and supply chain. These solutions are marketed as SmartSense by Digi®. We formed, expanded and enhanced the IoT Solutions segment primarily through four acquisitions.
For more in-depth descriptions of our products and services, please refer to the heading "Principal Products and Services" at the end of Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K.
Our corporate website address is www.digi.com. In the "Company - Investor Relations" section of our website, we make our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, our proxy statement and any amendments to these reports available free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after these reports are filed with or furnished to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this report or any other report we file with or furnish to the SEC.
Impact of COVID-19 and Global Economic Downturn on Our Business
As is the case with many businesses, the ongoing pandemic and related global economic downturn creates significant uncertainty regarding the nearer term outlook for the markets where we provide products and services. The pandemic and the economic downturn it triggered represents a fluid situation that presents a wide range of potential impacts on our own business and those of our customers, vendors and other business partners. As our products and services serve companies across a broad range of industries, in some instances we have seen demand increase while in others we have observed declines as a result of the societal impacts of the pandemic. At present, the duration and severity of the pandemic and the resulting economic downturn remain unclear.
Present State of Our Operations
During fiscal 2020 (which ended on September 30, 2020), we took steps to lower our operating expenses as a result of the pandemic. We continue to monitor the impacts of COVID-19 on our operations closely and could increase or take further steps to decrease expenses as we believe circumstances warrant. Since the start of the pandemic there have not been any material changes to our assets on our balance sheet and, at present, we do not expect there to be material changes. During the second, third and fourth fiscal quarters of 2020, we reviewed the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on goodwill and intangible assets and determined there to be no material impact at that time. We also reviewed the potential impacts on future risks to the business as it relates to collections, returns and other business related items. No significant changes to these reserves have been made.
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Potential Impacts on Our Supply Chain
To date, travel restrictions and border closures have only had minor impacts on our ability to obtain inventory or manufacture or deliver products or services to our customers. The impacts we have experienced have primarily impacted our IoT Solutions segment. We continue to monitor restrictions and border closures closely so we are positioned to mitigate the negative impacts of any future restrictions or closures. It is possible, however, that future restrictions or closures could negatively harm our business. Travel restrictions impacting people so far have not materially restrained our ability to assist our customers with on-site installation activities or product troubleshooting. At present, we do not expect impacts on personal travel to be material to our business operations or financial results. We have taken steps to restrain and monitor our operating expenses and therefore do not expect and such impacts to materially change the relationship between our costs and revenues.
Proactive Efforts to Mitigate the Negative Impacts of COVID-19
Like most companies, we have taken a range of actions with respect to how we operate to assure we comply with government restrictions and guidelines as well as best practices to protect the health and well-being of our employees and our ability to continue operating our business effectively. To date, we have been able to operate our business effectively using these measures and to maintain all internal controls as documented and posted. We also have not experienced challenges in maintaining business continuity and do not expect to incur material expenditures to do so. However, the impacts of the pandemic and efforts to mitigate the same have remained unpredictable and it remains possible that challenges may arise in the future.
Industry and Marketplace Conditions
We believe the IoT industry is in the midst of a multi-year expansion as many industries are undergoing a digital transformation within their business that drives demand for IoT capabilities across a broad spectrum of services. Among others, Iot use cases include automating workflows, condition-based monitoring and asset tracking.
Our IoT Products & Services segment represented the significant majority of our sales in fiscal 2020. This segment sells both wired and wireless products that are either embedded into the products of OEMs or as stand-alone products. These offerings allow our customers to connect a wide range of assets to networks. The growth of this segment was driven primarily by our acquisition of Opengear, Inc. ("Opengear") in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. We believe the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the results of this segment in a couple of material ways. First, the segment historically has many products that are subject to large project-based customer deployments. When the pandemic started during our second fiscal quarter, certain opportunities that were in our sales opportunity pipeline were deferred or delayed, often indefinitely. Second, given the breadth of customers and industries that use our products from this segment, the pandemic presented certain new sales opportunities from customers whose own businesses encountered increased demand for our products, which bolstered our results. The segment has a number of products that are in the mature phase of their life cycle and have been experiencing sales declines for several years. While we expect an ongoing long-term trend of marketplace growth, the segment is susceptible to downturns either because of general macro-economic conditions, the continued development of technology that can make products less competitive or even obsolete and uncertainty or changes in regulatory environments. Given the current uncertainty in macro-economic conditions driven by the ongoing pandemic, including, but not limited to, the uncertain status of large project-based customer deployment opportunities, this segment's results during fiscal 2021 may be inconsistent.
Our IoT Solutions segment contracted in fiscal 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting economic and operational uncertainty it created for many customers and potential customers. The contraction was, not surprisingly, most pronounced in our second and third quarter of fiscal 2020 as customers and potential customers were focused on adjusting the way they conduct day to day operations due to the pandemic. We did see some improvement in new sales in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020. While we are cautiously optimistic this trend will continue during fiscal 2021, the outlook remains uncertain as the pandemic remains ongoing and macro-economic conditions remain uncertain. During fiscal 2020 we continued to consolidate the product offering from the four acquisitions that make up this segment as we worked to transition customers to a new SmartSense IoT Platform launched in September 2019. This new platform integrates the platforms from the acquisitions and provides redesigned multi-sensor monitoring and reporting that affords user enhanced equipment management abilities with an asset-versus-sensor focus. The new platform is capable of further incorporating data from multiple sensor types into a single monitoring and reporting platform, to deliver real-time and detailed information on critical business assets and equipment.
Strategy
We remain focused on taking steps that we believe will deliver consistent, long-term growth with higher levels of profitability.
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IoT Products & Services Segment
Our IoT Products & Services segment is being managed with an expectation for modest revenue and profitability growth. Following the conclusion of fiscal 2020, we reorganized this business to align our product management and sales personnel along specific product lines (see Note 19 to our Consolidated Financial Statements). We believe this reorganization will bring greater market focus to the product lines. We also continue to drive efforts to pair our hardware offerings with our Digi Remote Manager® device management platform as well as other support services. These bundled offerings allow customers to monitor and manage the performance of our hardware remotely. We may seek to acquire hardware or other businesses that we believe can improve our market position in this segment.
IoT Solutions Segment
Our IoT Solutions segment is being managed primarily for significant revenue growth. This segment was formed and has grown primarily through acquisitions. While this segment still represents a modest overall portion of total revenues, we have high organic growth expectations and we intend to seek added scale and growth through acquisitions.
This business helps customers monitor temperature and other conditions important to preserve the quality of perishable or other sensitive inventories and tracks the completion of employee tasks. Our efforts have created a market-leading, high-growth hardware enabled service business with a significant recurring revenue base. At present, this marketplace primarily is served by smaller companies that lack the infrastructure to provide hardware-enabled implementation services to customers in as effective and efficient a manner as we are able to do because of our long-standing history as an IoT hardware provider.
As of September 30, 2020, we served over 70,000 customer sites for many leading brands in the following vertical markets: food service, healthcare (primarily pharmacies) and supply chain. We entered these markets aggressively as they share similar needs for continuous monitoring and asset tracking for compliance and regulatory purposes. We believe these markets comprise a large addressable market with low customer penetration.
Acquisitions and Dispositions
Acquisitions
Since 2015, we have acquired four businesses that form the basis of our IoT Solutions segment. Since 2018, we have acquired two businesses that are included in our IoT Products & Services segment.
In October 2015, we acquired Ontario-based Bluenica Corporation ("Bluenica"). Bluenica focused on temperature monitoring of perishable goods in the food industry by using wireless sensors to ensure that quality, freshness and public health requirements are met.
In November 2016, we acquired Pittsburgh-based FreshTemp, LLC ("FreshTemp®"). FreshTemp® offered restaurants, convenience stores and other retailers the ability to monitor the temperature of food products automatically through the use of wireless sensors. The company also enabled these businesses to track the completion of operational tasks by their employees that could impact human health and safety in real time.
In January 2017, we acquired Indiana-based SMART Temps,LLC (" SMART Temps®"). SMART Temps® provided real-time temperature management for restaurant, grocery, education and healthcare settings. The acquisition significantly expanded our customer base, especially in the pharmacy and education marketplaces.
In October 2017, we acquired Boston-based TempAlert, LLC ("TempAlert"), a provider of automated, real-time temperature monitoring and task management solutions for the healthcare, industrial and food service industries. This acquisition more than doubled the number of customer sites we monitored while enhancing our ability to analyze data collected from our services.
In January 2018, we acquired Tampa-based Accelerated, a provider of secure, enterprise-grade, cellular (LTE) networking equipment and backup connectivity applications. This acquisition expanded our IoT Products & Services segment by enhancing our existing cellular product lines and extended our market reach with a line of commercial routers and network appliance products.
In December 2019, we acquired New Jersey-based Opengear, Inc., a provider of secure IT infrastructure products and software. This acquisition provides products that are complementary to our IoT Products & Services segment.
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Sales Channels
A significant portion of our IoT Products & Services segment sales are made through a global network of distributors, systems integrators and value added resellers ("VARs"). These third parties accounted for 37.5%, 46.1% and 51.3% of our total consolidated revenue in fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Our IoT Solutions segment does not sell through these channels. We also complete sales of both IoT Products & Services and IoT Solutions through our own dedicated sales organization to OEMs, large enterprise customers and other end user customers which accounted for 62.5%, 53.9% and 48.7% of our total consolidated revenue in fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Distributors
Our larger distributors, by sales volume, include Arrow Electronics, Avnet, Bressner Technology GmbH, Digi-Key, Express Systems & Peripherals, Ingram Micro, Mouser Electronics, Solid State Supplies, Symmetry Electronics, Synnex, Tech Data, Tokyo Electron Device and Venco Electrónica S.A. We also maintain relationships with many other distributors both domestically and internationally.
Strategic Sales Relationships
We maintain alliances with other industry leaders to develop and market technology solutions. These include many major communications hardware and software vendors, operating system suppliers, computer hardware manufacturers, enterprise application providers and cellular carriers. Among others, relationships include: AT&T, NXP, Orange, Rogers, Silicon Laboratories, T-Mobile, Telus, Telit, T-Mobile, Verizon, Vodafone and several other cellular carriers worldwide.
We have established relationships with equipment vendors in a range of industries such as energy, industrial, retail, transportation, medical, and government that allow these partners to ship our products and services as component parts of their overall solutions. Our products are used by many of the world’s leading telecommunications companies and Internet service providers, including AT&T, T-Mobile and Verizon.
No single customer comprised more than 10% of our consolidated revenue for any of the years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 or 2018.
Competition
We compete primarily in the communications technology industry. This industry is characterized by rapid technological advances and evolving industry standards. This market can be affected significantly by new product introductions and marketing activities of industry participants. In addition, we may compete with other companies to acquire new businesses or technologies and the competition to secure such assets may be intense. We compete for customers on the basis of existing and planned product features, service and software application capabilities, company reputation, brand recognition, technical support, alliance relationships, quality and reliability, product development capabilities, price and availability. While no competitor offers a comparable range of products and services, various companies do compete with us with respect to one or more of our products or solutions. With respect to many of our product and service offerings, we face competition from companies who dedicate more resources and attention to that particular offering than we are able to do given the breadth of our business. As the marketplace for IoT connectivity products and solutions continues to grow, we expect to encounter increased competition. Some of these competitors may have access to significantly more financial and technical resources than we possess.
Manufacturing Operations
We outsource our manufacturing operations to certain contract manufacturers, which are located primarily in Thailand, China, Mexico and Taiwan. We rely on third party foundries for our semiconductor devices that are Application Specific Integrated Circuits ("ASICs"). We also outsource printed circuit board production. By outsourcing our operations to these manufacturers, we can leverage the manufacturing strength of our vendors, which allows us to focus on new product introductions. In addition, it allows us to reduce our fixed costs, maintain production flexibility and optimize our profits.
Our products are manufactured to our designs with standard and custom components. Most of the components are available from multiple vendors. We have several single-sourced supplier relationships, either because alternative sources are not available or because the relationship is advantageous to us. If these suppliers are unable to provide a timely and reliable supply of components, we could experience manufacturing delays that could adversely affect our consolidated results of operations in a material way.
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Seasonality
In general, our business is not considered to be highly seasonal, although our first fiscal quarter revenue is often less than other quarters due to holidays and fewer shipping days.
Research & Development and Intellectual Property Rights
Due to rapidly changing technology in the communications technology industry, we believe a large part of our success depends upon the product and service development skills of our personnel as well as our ability to integrate any acquired technologies with organically developed technologies. While we dedicate significant resources to research and development, many of our competitors are focused on a smaller set of products than us and are likely able to dedicate more resources than us toward the portions of the market in which we compete with them.
Our proprietary rights and technology are protected by a combination of copyrights, patents, trade secrets and trademarks.
We have established common law and registered trademark rights on a family of marks for a number of our products. Our IoT Products & Services primarily are sold under the Digi®, Rabbit® and Digi XBee® brands. We believe that the Digi®and Rabbit® brands have established strong identities with our targeted customer base and our customers associate the Digi® brand with "reliability" and the Rabbit® brand with "ease of integration." We believe that our customers associate Digi XBee® with "ease of use." Many of our customers choose us because they are building a very complex system solution and they want the highest level in product reliability and ease of integration and use. Our IoT Solutions are offered under the SmartSense by Digi® brand, which enables organizations to drive operational excellence through sensor-based insights.
Our patents are applicable to specific technologies and are valid for varying periods of time based on the date of patent application or patent grant in the U.S. and the legal term of patents in the various foreign countries where patent protection is obtained. We believe our intellectual property has significant value and is an important factor in the marketing of our company and products.
HUMAN CAPITAL RESOURCES
Digi International’s workforce consists of approximately 656 employees globally as of September 30, 2020. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good.
Culture
As employees of Digi we are all expected to uphold the following core values that drive our culture:
•Integrity
•Accountability
•Respect and open communication
These core values define the way we do business in our everyday actions and choices. We strive to create a respectful work environment characterized by mutual trust and the absence of intimidation, oppression, discrimination and exploitation.
Talent
Successful execution of our strategy is dependent on attracting, developing and retaining key employees and members of our management team. The skills, experience and industry knowledge of our employees significantly benefit our operations and performance. We continuously evaluate, modify, and enhance our internal processes and technologies to increase employee engagement, productivity, and efficiency.
We are committed to promoting and cultivating an inclusive and diverse culture that welcomes and celebrates everyone without bias. In addition, we look to actively engage within our communities to foster and attain social equity.
Compensation Philosophy
Our compensation philosophy creates the framework and building blocks for our rewards strategy. We have a pay-for-performance culture that ties compensation to the performance of the individual and the company. We provide balanced compensation programs that focus on the following five key elements:
•Pay-for-performance - Reward and recognize leading contributors and high potentials;
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•External market based - Pay levels that are competitive with respect to the labor market in which we compete for talent;
•Internal equity - Providing for fair pay relationships within the Company;
•Fiscal responsibility - Providing affordable programs that are within our budget; and
•Legal compliance - Ensure the organization is legally compliant in all states and countries in which we operate.
Health and Wellness
We are committed to providing a competitive and comprehensive benefits package to our employees. Our benefits package provides a balance of protection along with the flexibility to meet the individual health and wellness needs of our employees.
PRINCIPAL PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
Our primary products and services for each operating segment are:
IoT Products & Services Segment
Hardware Products
Cellular Products – We provide a range of products that use cellular technology such as Long Term Evolution (“LTE”) and LTE Advance Pro to communicate with networks. These products provide a cost-effective alternative to landlines for primary or backup connectivity. They are trusted by global leaders in agricultural, energy medical, lighting, transportation and other industrial markets and include:
•Cellular routers that help enterprise, government and Original Equipment Manufacturers ("OEM") customers with their mission-critical wireless connectivity needs in challenging environments.
•Cellular modules that help OEM customers embed cellular communications abilities into their products so they can deploy and manage intelligent and secure cellular connected products. These modules help OEMs to get their products to market faster and with lower development costs and risks so they can focus on their core competencies instead of on wireless connectivity design.
•Console servers that can be managed by software to provide secure, remote access to network equipment in data centers and at edge locations. These products primarily are used by IT organizations in large enterprises to maximize the availability of services to their customers and employees, and provide business continuity in the event of a network failure. This improves efficiency and reduces the risk of costly outages.
Radio-Frequency (“RF”) Products – These products which are marketed primarily under the Digi XBee® brand include embedded wireless modules as well as off-the-shelf gateways, modems and adapters. They are used by customers across a broad range of industries. These products offer a wide selection of both standards-based and proprietary wireless protocols including Zigbee, Cellular, Sub-1 GHz, WiFi and Bluetooth to meet diverse application requirements of customers.
Embedded System Products – Marketed under the Digi Connect, ConnectCore® and Rabbit® brands these are embedded system on modules ("SOMs") and single board computers that are embedded into customer products in a broad range of industries and applications. These products deliver highly integrated computer platforms with scalable performance, flexible wired and wireless connectivity and complete software platforms. These products are designed and developed with compact form-factors, low power consumption and long product lifecycles. The latest ConnectCore® products support advanced multi-core processing, security, multimedia, human-machine interface ("HMI") and other emerging technologies like machine learning.
Infrastructure Management Products – These products include serial and Universal Serial Bus (USB) solutions. Our serial servers (also known as device servers and terminal servers) provide secure and reliable serial port-to-Ethernet integration of most devices into wired Ethernet networks. This means that they are capable of converting data received over TCP/IP networks such as the internet and back; thereby eliminating the need for each device to have a physical connection to a computer. We also offer multiple USB solutions whose primary functions are to connect multiple USB devices, allowing them to work over a wired or wireless network without each device needing to plug into its own host computer.
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Services
Digi Remote Manager® - Digi Remote Manager® is a recurring revenue cloud-based service that provides a secure environment for customers to manage their connected device deployment. This allows customers to activate, monitor and diagnose a large number of mission-critical devices from a single point of command. Through a "single pane of glass," network managers can edit configurations, update firmware, and schedule and automate tasks from their desktop, tablet or phone.
Wireless Design Services - Our Digi Wireless Design Services provide customers turn-key wireless networking product development, testing, and certification for a wide range of wireless technology platforms and applications.
Technical Services - Our Technical Services provide professional services, data plan subscriptions and enhanced technical support offers to customers. Professional services include solution planning and implementation services to customers who purchase our products such as site planning, implementation management, application development and customer training. Data plan subscriptions are offered to customers wishing to enable cellular connectivity on our products. Enhanced technical support provides priority, in-depth technical support consultations with our experienced support team. These services ensure customers get to market quickly, minimize risk, and ensure customer success with their Digi solution.
IoT Solutions Segment
SmartSense by Digi® - Our SmartSense by Digi® is an end-to-end, cost-effective system that uses sensors, gateways and cloud based applications to enable customers in food service (e.g. groceries, schools and restaurants), healthcare (primarily pharmacies) and transportation/logistics to: (i) monitor wirelessly the temperature of food and other perishable or sensitive goods, (ii) monitor facilities or pharmacies by tracking the completion of operating tasks by employees, and (iii) have visibility in the supply chain to product temperature through an end-to-end system for quality control and incident management. Typically, customers receive hardware up-front, including gateways and sensors, and pay a monthly subscription for monitoring sensor data.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Multiple risk factors exist which could have a material effect on our operations, results of operations, financial position, liquidity, capital resources and common stock.
Competitive and Reputational Risks
We face intense competition from established companies that may have significant advantages over us and our products.
The market for our products is intensely competitive. Certain of our competitors and potential competitors have or may develop greater financial, technological, manufacturing, marketing and personnel resources than us either generally or relative to the product sets they sell in competition to us. Further, there are numerous companies competing with us in various segments of the market for our products, and their products may have advantages over our products in areas such as conformity to existing and emerging industry standards, interoperability with other products, management and security capabilities, performance, price, ease of use, scalability, reliability, flexibility, product features and technical support.
Our current and potential competitors have or may develop one or more of the following significant advantages over us in the product areas where they compete with us:
•tighter focus on an individual product or product category;
•greater financial, technical and marketing resources;
•barriers to transition to our products;
•higher brand recognition across larger geographic regions;
•more comprehensive product features and functionality;
•longer-standing cooperative relationships with OEM and end-user customers;
•superior customer service capacity and quality;
•longer operating history; and
•larger customer base.
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We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to compete successfully with our current and potential competitors. Such competitors may be able to more quickly develop or adapt to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements or devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products. Additionally, it is probable that new competitors or new alliances among existing competitors could emerge and rapidly acquire significant market share.
Our dependence on new product development and the rapid technological change that characterizes our industry make us susceptible to loss of market share resulting from competitors’ product introductions and enhancements, service capabilities and similar risks.
Our industry is characterized by rapidly changing technologies, evolving industry standards, frequent new product introductions, short product life cycles in certain instances and rapidly changing customer requirements. The introduction of products and enhancements embodying new technologies that can disrupt one or more markets in which we compete and the emergence of new industry standards or regulations impacting our industry can render existing products obsolete or unmarketable.
Our future success will depend on our ability to enhance our existing products, to introduce new products to meet changing customer requirements and emerging technologies, and to demonstrate the performance advantages and cost-effectiveness of our products over competing products. Failure by us to modify our products to support new alternative technologies or failure to achieve widespread customer acceptance of such modified products could cause us to lose market share and cause our revenue to decline. Further, if our competitors offer better service capabilities associated with the implementation and use of their products, our business could be impacted negatively.
We may experience delays in developing and marketing product enhancements or new products that respond to technological change, evolving industry standards or regulations and changing customer requirements. There can be no assurance that we will not experience difficulties that could delay or prevent the successful development, introduction, and marketing of these products or product enhancements, or that our new products and product enhancements will meet the requirements of the marketplace adequately and achieve any significant or sustainable degree of market acceptance in existing or additional markets. In addition, the future introductions or announcements of products by us or one of our competitors embodying new technologies or changes in industry standards or regulations or customer requirements could render our then-existing products obsolete or unmarketable. This risk may become more pronounced as new competitors emerge in markets where we sell our products, especially if these competitors have more resources than us to develop and market new products and technologies and provide related services. There can be no assurance that the introduction or announcement of new product offerings by us or one or more of our competitors will not cause customers to defer their purchase of our existing products, which could cause our revenue to decline.
Our failure to compete successfully in our highly competitive market could result in reduced prices and loss of market share.
The market in which we operate is characterized by rapid technological advances and evolving industry standards. The market can be affected significantly by new product introductions and marketing activities of industry participants. In addition, the amount of competition we face in the marketplace may change and grow as the market for our industry grows and new entrants enter the marketplace. Present and future competitors may be able to identify new markets and develop products more quickly, which are superior to those developed by us. Such competitors may adapt new technologies faster, devote greater resources to research and development, promote products more aggressively and price products more competitively than us. Competition may also intensify, or we may no longer be able to compete effectively in the markets in which we compete.
Operational Risks
The long and variable sales cycle for certain of our products and services makes it more difficult for us to predict our operating results and manage our business.
The sale of our products and services can involve a significant technical evaluation and commitment of capital and other resources by potential customers and end users, as well as delays frequently associated with end users’ internal procedures to deploy new technologies and to test and accept new technologies. For these and other reasons, the sales cycle associated with certain of our products is typically lengthy and is subject to a number of significant risks, such as end users’ internal purchasing reviews, that are beyond our control. Because of the lengthy sales cycle and the large size of certain customer orders, if orders forecasted for a specific customer are not realized or delayed, our operating results could be materially adversely affected.
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We depend on manufacturing relationships and on limited-source suppliers, and any disruptions in these relationships may cause damage to our customer relationships.
We procure all parts and certain services involved in the production of our products and subcontract most of our product manufacturing to outside firms that specialize in such services. Although most of the components of our products are available from multiple vendors, we have several single-source supplier relationships, either because alternative sources are not available or because the relationship is advantageous to us. Further, the COVID-19 pandemic has created stress on many supply chains globally. This has had some impact on our own ability to procure certain inventory and services, most notably in our IoT Solutions segment. While none of these impacts related to the pandemic have been material to date, it is possible they may be in the future. There can be no assurance that our suppliers will be able to meet our future requirements for products and components in a timely fashion. In addition, the availability of many of these components to us is dependent in part on our ability to provide our suppliers with accurate forecasts of our future requirements. Delays or lost revenue could be caused by other factors beyond our control, including late deliveries by vendors of components, or force majeure events such as the ongoing pandemic. As an example of force majeure, a fire in November 2014 disrupted the operations at one of our contract manufacturers in Thailand. If we are required to identify alternative suppliers for any of our required components, qualification and pre-production periods could be lengthy and may cause an increase in component costs and delays in providing products to customers. Any extended interruption in the supply of any of the key components currently obtained from limited sources could disrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our customer relationships and profitability.
Our participation in a services and solutions model, using hardware and cloud-based services, presents execution and competitive risks.
We participate in a services and solutions model that uses both hardware and cloud-based services. Our SmartSense by Digi® offerings deploy hardware, software and cloud-based hosting. In other areas of our business we offer our own internally developed hosted services and cloud-based platform, software applications, and supporting products and services. We also employ significant human and financial resources to develop and deploy these offerings. As we work to grow and scale these offerings, these investments have and can adversely impacted our gross margins and profitability and may continue to do so in the future. While we believe we have a strong foundation to compete, it is uncertain whether our strategies will attract the users or generate the revenue required to be successful. Certain customers and potential customers in this segment have also been adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic which started during calendar year 2020 and the resulting global economic downturn which could impede our ability to win and retain customers. We have and expect to encounter competition from other solutions providers, some of whom may have more significant resources than us with which to compete. Whether we are successful in this business model depends on a number of factors, including:
•our ability to put in place the infrastructure to deploy and evolve our solutions effectively and continuously;
•the features and functionality of our offerings relative to competing offerings as well as our ability to market effectively;
•our ability to engage in successful strategic relationships with third parties such as telecommunications carriers, component makers and systems integrators;
•competing effectively for market share; and
•deploying complete end-to-end solutions that meet the needs of the marketplace generally as well as the particular requirements of our customers more effectively and efficiently than competitive solutions.
Our ability to sustain and grow our business depends in large part on the success of our channel partner distributors and resellers.
A substantial part of our revenue is generated through sales by channel partner distributors and resellers. Further, in recent years we have been taking steps to expand our relationship with certain distributors who have global reach. This effort may increase the percent of our revenue driven through channel partners or heighten our reliance on certain channel partners to drive sales. To the extent our channel partners are unsuccessful selling our products or if we are unable to obtain and retain a sufficient number of high-quality channel partners, our operating results could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, our channel partners may market, sell and support products and services that are competitive with ours, and may devote more resources to the marketing, sales and support of such products. These channel partners may have incentives to promote our competitors’ products in lieu of our products, particularly for our competitors with larger volumes of orders, more diverse product offerings and longer relationships with our distributors and resellers. It is possible, one or more of our important channel partners may stop selling our products completely. Our channel partner sales structure could subject us to lawsuits, potential liability and reputational harm if, for example, any of our channel partners misrepresents the functionality of
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our products or services to customers, or violates laws or our corporate policies. If we fail to manage our existing or future sales channel partners effectively, our business and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.
Our sales and operations globally face risks related to health epidemics or pandemics that could disrupt our operations and adversely impact our sales and operating results.
Our business operations and financial results could be adversely affected by the effects of a widespread outbreak of contagious disease or other material adverse widespread public health development, such as the recent outbreak of the COVID-19 respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus first identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. These effects could include the absence of one or more key employees or significant numbers or employees generally, disruptions or restrictions on our ability to maintain operations at one or more of our facilities, disruptions or restrictions to travel that is important to our operations, adverse impacts on our ability to distribute or deliver our products or services as well as temporary disruptions, restrictions or closures of the facilities of our suppliers or customers and their contract manufacturers. Any of the above absences, disruptions or restrictions could impact our sales and operating results negatively. If these absences, disruptions or restrictions are significant and material it is possible our business continuity could be jeopardized. Depending on the location of any such disruption or restriction, there may not be a solution that will be easy to implement in a timely manner or without significant expense. In addition, any significant outbreak of contagious diseases could materially and adversely affect the economies and financial markets of many countries or the entire world, resulting in an economic downturn that could affect demand for our products, likely impact our operating results and restrain our access to capital from lenders or other sources.
Acquisitions could disrupt our business and seriously harm our financial condition.
We will continue to consider acquisitions of businesses, products or technologies. In the event of any future acquisitions, we could issue stock that would dilute our current stockholders’ percentage ownership, incur additional debt, assume liabilities or incur large and immediate write-offs.
Our operation of any acquired business also involves numerous risks, including but not limited to:
•problems combining the acquired operations, technologies, or products;
•unanticipated costs;
•diversion of management’s attention from our core business;
•difficulties integrating businesses in different countries and cultures;
•effectively implementing internal controls over financial reporting;
•adverse effects on existing business relationships with suppliers and customers;
•risks associated with entering markets in which we have no or limited prior experience; and
•potential loss of key employees, particularly those of the acquired business
We cannot assure that we will be able to successfully integrate any businesses, products, technologies, or personnel that we have acquired or that we might acquire in the future. Any such integration failure could disrupt our business and have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, from time to time, we may enter into negotiations for a proposed acquisition, but be unable or unwilling to consummate the acquisition under consideration. This could cause significant diversion of management’s attention and out-of-pocket expenses for us. We could also be exposed to litigation as a result of any consummated or unconsummated acquisition.
The business of Accelerated, which we acquired in fiscal 2018, is subject to significant customer concentration.
In the second quarter of fiscal 2018, we acquired Accelerated. While Accelerated has many customers, its business historically has been highly dependent on its relationship with a single telecommunications carrier customer. Any disruption or difficulties in securing or renewing contractual relationships with this customer, maintaining such relationship on favorable terms or any other disruption in our business with this customer could have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
SmartSense by Digi® remains subject to the risks faced by a business operating in an emerging market.
SmartSense by Digi® primarily was formed through acquisitions of four businesses and is operated in an emerging market where technology based solutions to monitor the condition of perishable goods as well as the competition of employee tasks
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have not been used historically. The operation of SmartSense by Digi® will be subject to significant additional risks that are not necessarily related to our legacy products and services.
Additional risks that relate to SmartSense by Digi®, include, but are not limited to:
•We have not traditionally sold products or services to restaurants, pharmacies, hospitals and other similar businesses, which are a focus for SmartSense by Digi®.
•SmartSense by Digi® offerings are deployed in part to help assure perishable goods are safely preserved. This presents a potential risk of loss in the event of a malfunction or failure of our offerings.
•SmartSense by Digi® has a limited history with us in a marketplace that is nascent in its development and has numerous competitors. We cannot provide assurances we will be successful in operating and continuing to grow this business.
•Our ability to succeed with the SmartSense by Digi® offerings will depend in large part on our ability to provide customers with hardware and software products that are easy to deploy and offer features and functionality that address the needs of particular businesses. This need for ease of deployment has only been heightened by the COVID-19 pandemic that commenced during 2020. We may face challenges and delays in the development of this business as the marketplace for products and services evolves to meet the needs and desires of customers.
In light of these risks and uncertainties, we may not be able to establish or maintain the market share of SmartSense by Digi®, integrate it successfully into our other operations or take full advantage of businesses we have acquired or may acquire in the future. There can be no assurance that we will recover our investments in SmartSense by Digi® or that we will realize significant and consistent profits from this business. Also, there can be no assurance that diverting our management’s attention to this business will not have a material adverse effect on our other existing businesses, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
Strategic Risks
We intend to continue to devote significant resources to our research and development, which, if not successful, could cause a decline in our revenue and harm our business.
We intend to continue to devote significant resources to research and development in the coming years to enhance our existing product offerings and develop additional product offerings. For fiscal 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively, our research and development expenses were 15.7%, 14.7% and 14.6% of our revenue. If we are unable to enhance existing products and develop new products, applications and services as a result of our research and development efforts, if we encounter delays in deploying these enhanced or new products, applications and services, or if the products, applications and services we enhance or develop are not successful, our business could be harmed. Even if we enhance existing products and develop new products, applications and services that are accepted by our target markets, the net revenue from these products, applications and services may not be sufficient to justify our investment in research and development.
Many of our products, applications and services have been developed through a combination of internally developed technologies and acquired technologies. Our ability to continue to develop products, applications and services could be partially dependent on finding and acquiring new technologies in the marketplace. Even if we identify new technologies that we believe would be complementary to our internally developed technologies, we may not be successful in obtaining those technologies or integrating them effectively with our existing technologies.
Our ability to grow our business is dependent in part on strategic relationships we develop and maintain with third parties as well as our ability to integrate and assure use of our products and services in coordination with the products and services of certain strategic partners in a commercially acceptable manner.
We believe that our ability to increase our sales depends in part on maintaining and strengthening relationships with parties such as telecommunications carriers, systems integrators, enterprise application providers, component providers and other strategic technology companies. Once a relationship is established, we likely will dedicate significant time and resources to it in an effort to advance our business interests and there is no assurance any strategic relationship will generate enough revenue to offset the significant resources we use to advance the relationship. Parties with whom we establish strategic relationships also work with companies that compete with us. We have limited, if any, control as to whether these parties devote adequate resources to promoting, selling, and implementing our products. Further, new or emerging technologies, technological trends or changes in customer requirements may result in certain companies with whom we maintain strategic relationships de-emphasizing their dealings with us or becoming potential competitors in the future. We also have limited, if any, control as to other business activities of these parties and we could experience reputational harm because of our association with such parties
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if they fail to execute on business initiatives, are accused of breaking the law or otherwise suffer reputational harm for other reasons. All of these factors could materially and adversely impact our business and results of operations.
In some cases, we expect the establishment of a strategic relationship with a third party to result in integrations of our products or services with those of other parties. Identifying appropriate parties for these relationships as well as negotiating and documenting business agreements with them requires significant time and resources. We expect these agreements typically to be non-exclusive and not to prohibit the other party from working with our competitors or offering competing services. Once the relationship is established, we may encounter difficulties in combining our products and services in a commercially acceptable manner. We expect this dynamic, where our ability to generate sales is dependent on our products and services interacting with those sold by third parties, may become more common in the future. There can be no guarantee in any particular instance that we will be successful in making our products interact with those of other parties in a commercially acceptable manner and, even if we do, we cannot guarantee that the resulting products and services will be effectively marketed or sold via the relationship.
Our failure to anticipate or manage product transitions effectively could have a material adverse effect on our revenue and profitability.
From time to time, we or our competitors may announce new or enhanced products that may replace or shorten the life cycles of our existing products. Announcements of currently planned or other new or enhanced products may cause customers to defer or stop purchasing our products until these products become available. Furthermore, the introduction of new or enhanced products requires us to manage the transition from older product inventories and ensure that adequate supplies of new or enhanced products can be delivered to meet customer demand. Our failure to anticipate the revenue declines associated with older products or manage transitions from older products effectively could result in inventory obsolescence and also have a material adverse effect on our revenue and profitability.
We are dependent on third parties to manufacture our products which could have adverse impacts on our business if we do not properly forecast customer demand.
We are reliant on third parties to manufacture our products. Among other potential impacts on our business and operations, this restructuring has lengthened the lead times on which we can produce many finished products that are available to meet customer demands. Lead times also could be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic which has disrupted many supply chains globally. If we do not properly forecast customer demands for products these lengthened lead times could result in lost revenues and adversely impact our business, results of operation, financial condition and prospects.
The loss of key personnel could prevent us from executing our business strategy.
Our business and prospects depend to a significant degree upon the continuing contributions of our executive officers and key technical and other personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in attracting and retaining qualified personnel. Failure to attract and retain key personnel could result in our failure to execute our business strategy.
Risks Related to Economic and Market Conditions
Our consolidated operating results and financial condition may be adversely impacted by worldwide economic conditions and credit tightening.
If worldwide economic conditions experience a significant downturn, these conditions may make it difficult or impossible for our customers and suppliers to accurately forecast and plan future business activities, which may cause them to slow or suspend spending on products and services. Our customers may find it difficult to gain sufficient credit in a timely manner, which could result in an impairment of their ability to place orders with us or to make timely payments to us for previous purchases. If this occurs, our revenue may be reduced, thereby having a negative impact on our results of operations. In addition, we may be forced to increase our allowance for doubtful accounts and our days sales outstanding may increase, which would have a negative impact on our cash position, liquidity and financial condition. To the extent we incur debt, we may be unable to adhere to financial covenants or to service the debt. We cannot predict either the timing or duration of an economic downturn in the economy, should one occur. Any downturn could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
Our gross margins may be subject to decline.
Our gross margins may be subject to declines which could decrease our overall profitability and impact our financial performance adversely. Some of the hardware products we sell are approaching the end of their product life cycles. These
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mature hardware products have sold historically at higher gross margins than our other product and service offerings. We expect this general trend of declining sales for many of our mature products to continue and the pace of the decline may accelerate. In addition, ongoing cost pressures in our industry create downward pressure on the prices at which we and other manufacturers can sell hardware products. We have indicated that we would be willing to realize lower levels of gross margins from customers in return for long-term, binding purchase commitments. If this strategy were successful, it could apply downward pressure on our gross margins. While part of our longer term strategy is to sell software applications and IoT solutions such as SmartSense by Digi®, which may provide recurring revenues at relatively high gross margins, these types of offerings are still at early stages of adoption by customers and their sales growth is not necessarily predictable or assured. As such, our gross margins may be subject to decline unless we can implement cost reduction initiatives effectively to offset the impact of these factors.
Our revenue may be subject to fluctuations based on the level of significant large project-based purchases.
No single customer has represented more than 10% of our revenue in any of the last three fiscal years. However, many of our customers make significant one-time hardware purchases for large projects that are not repeated. As a result, our revenue may be subject to significant fluctuations based on whether we are able to close significant project based sales opportunities. In addition, in our SmartSense by Digi® business certain customers have outsized deployments relative to other customers. It is possible we will see revenue fluctuations in this business based upon the scale of new deployments in different financial periods. Our failure to complete one or a series of significant sales opportunities in a particular fiscal period could have a material adverse effect on our revenue for that period.
Some of our products are sold into mature markets, which could limit our ability to continue to generate revenue from these products.
Some of our hardware products are sold into mature markets that are characterized by a trend of declining demand. We have made targeted investments to provide enhanced and new products into these mature markets and believe this may mitigate declining demand. However, over the longer term, the overall market for these hardware products is expected to decrease due to the adoption of new technologies. As such, we expect that our revenue from these products will continue to decline over time. As a result, our future prospects depend in part on our ability to acquire or develop and successfully market additional products that address growth markets.
Unanticipated changes in our tax rates could affect our future results.
Our future effective tax rates could be favorably or unfavorably affected by unanticipated changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, or by changes in tax laws or our interpretation of such laws. In addition, we may be subject to the examination of our income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service and other U.S. and international tax authorities. We regularly assess the potential outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. There can be no assurance that the outcomes from these examinations will not have an adverse effect on our consolidated operating results and financial condition.
We may have additional tax liabilities.
We are subject to income taxes in the United States and many foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes, including our reserves for uncertain tax positions. In the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. We regularly are under audit by tax authorities. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of tax audits could be materially different from our historical income tax provisions and accruals. The results of an audit could have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows in the period or periods for which that determination is made.
Credit and Liquidity Risks
Failure to comply with the covenants under our credit facility may have a material adverse effect on our ability to access additional capital and/or create an event of default.
In December 2019, we entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with BMO, as administrative agent and collateral agent, BMO Capital Markets Corp., as joint lead arranger and sole book runner, Silicon Valley Bank, as joint lead arranger, and other lenders from time to time party thereto (collectively, the “Lenders”), which provides us with senior secured credit facilities totaling $150 million, consisting of (i) the Term Loan and (ii) the Revolving Loan. The Revolving Loan includes a $10 million letter of credit loan and $10 million swingline loan, the outstanding amounts of which decrease the
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available commitment. Loans under the Term Loan will be repaid in quarterly installments on the last day of each fiscal quarter, with amortization of 5% in the first two years, 7.5% in the next two years and 10% in the final year. The remaining outstanding balance will be repaid in full after five years.
If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow or otherwise obtain funds necessary to make required payments on the Credit Facility, we will be in default. We are also required to comply with several financial covenants under the Credit Agreement. Our ability to comply with such financial covenants may be affected by events beyond our control, which could result in a default under the Credit Agreement; such default may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results or cash flows.
The Credit Agreement also contains other customary affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants that restrict the ability of Digi and its subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness, dispose of significant assets, make certain investments, including any acquisitions other than permitted acquisitions, make certain payments, enter into sale and leaseback transactions, grant liens on its assets or rate management transactions, subject to certain limitations. These restrictions could adversely affect our business.
Foreign currency exchange rates may adversely affect our operating results.
We are exposed to a variety of market risks, including the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on transactions that are denominated in foreign currencies. Because our financial statements are denominated in U.S. Dollars and some of our revenue is denominated in a currency other than U.S. Dollars, such as Euros, British Pounds, Yen and Canadian Dollars, our revenues and earnings may be adversely impacted if the U.S. dollar strengthens significantly against these foreign currencies.
Negative conditions in the global credit markets may impair a portion of our investment portfolio.
Our investment portfolio may consist of certificates of deposit, commercial paper, money market funds, corporate bonds and government municipal bonds. These marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair market value. Some of our investments could experience reduced liquidity and could result in an impairment charge should the impairment be considered as other-than-temporary. This loss would be recorded in our Consolidated Statements of Operations, which could materially adversely impact our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
Technology and Cybersecurity Risks
We are subject to various cybersecurity risks, which are particularly acute in cloud-based technologies that we and other third parties operate that form a part of our solutions. These risks may increase our costs and could damage our brand and reputation.
As we continue to direct a substantial portion of our sales and development efforts toward broader based solutions, such as SmartSense by Digi® and the Digi Remote Manager®, we expect to store, convey and potentially process significant amounts of data produced by devices. Further many of our business applications now exist within cloud platforms that are managed by third parties, which also adds risk from breach of third parties.
This data may include confidential or proprietary information, intellectual property or personally identifiable information of our customers or other third parties with whom they do business. It is important for us to maintain solutions and related infrastructure that are perceived by our customers and other parties with whom we do business as providing reasonable levels of reliability and security. Despite available security measures and other precautions, the infrastructure and transmission methods used by our products and services may be vulnerable to interception, attack or other disruptive problems. Continued high-profile data breaches at other companies evidence an external environment that is becoming increasingly hostile to information security. Improper disclosure of data or a perception that our data security is insufficient could harm our reputation, give rise to legal proceedings or subject our company to liability under laws that protect data, which may evolve and expand in scope over time. Any of these factors could result in increased costs and loss of revenue for us.
If a cyberattack or other security incident were to allow unauthorized access to or modification of our customers’ data or our own data, whether due to a failure with our systems or related systems operated by third parties, we could suffer damage to our brand and reputation.
The costs we would incur to address and fix these incidents could significantly increase our expenses. These types of security incidents could also lead to lawsuits, regulatory investigations and increased legal liability, including in some cases contractual costs related to customer notification and fraud monitoring. Further, as the regulatory focus on privacy and data security issues continues to increase and worldwide laws and regulations concerning the protection of information become more complex, the potential risks and costs of compliance to our business are expected to intensify.
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Our products operate with and are dependent on products and components across a broad ecosystem. If there is a security vulnerability in one of these components, and if there is a security exploit targeting it, we could face increased costs, reduced revenue, liability claims or damage to our reputation or competitive position.
Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property
Our ability to compete could be jeopardized if we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights.
Our ability to compete depends in part on our proprietary rights and technology. Our proprietary rights and technology are protected by a combination of copyrights, patents, trade secrets and trademarks. We enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees, and sometimes with our customers, potential customers and other third parties, and limit access to the distribution of our proprietary information. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us in this regard will be adequate to prevent the misappropriation of our technology. Our pending patent applications may be denied and any patents, once issued, may be circumvented by our competitors. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not develop technologies that are superior to our technologies. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our products or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights as fully as do the laws of the United States. There can be no assurance that our means of protecting our proprietary rights in the United States or abroad will be adequate or that competing companies will not independently develop similar technologies. Our failure to adequately protect our proprietary rights could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position and our business.
From time to time, we are subject to claims and litigation regarding intellectual property rights or other claims, which could seriously harm us and require us to incur significant costs.
The communications technology industry is characterized by frequent litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. From time to time, we receive notification of a third-party claim that our products infringe intellectual property rights owned by others. Any litigation to determine the validity of third-party infringement claims, whether or not determined in our favor or settled by us, may be costly and divert the efforts and attention of our management and technical personnel from productive tasks. This could have a material adverse effect on our ability to operate our business and service the needs of our customers. There can be no assurance that any infringement claims by third parties, regardless if they have merit, will not materially adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition or prospects. In the event of an adverse ruling in any such matter, we may be required to pay substantial damages, cease the manufacture, use and sale of infringing products, discontinue the use of certain processes or be required to obtain a license under the intellectual property rights of the third party claiming infringement. There can be no assurance that a license would be available on reasonable terms or at all. Any limitations on our ability to market our products, or delays and costs associated with redesigning our products or payments of license fees to third parties, or any failure by us to develop or license a substitute technology on commercially reasonable terms could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
Government and Political Risks
Our inability to obtain the appropriate telecommunications carrier certifications or approvals from governmental regulatory bodies could impede our ability to grow revenue in our wireless products.
The sale of our wireless products in certain geographical markets is sometimes dependent on the ability to gain telecommunications carrier certifications and/or approvals by certain governmental bodies. Failure to obtain these approvals, or delays in receiving the approvals, could impact our ability to enter our targeted markets or to compete effectively or at all in these markets and could have an adverse impact on our business and prospects.
Our failure to comply effectively with the requirements of applicable environmental legislation and regulation could have a material adverse effect on our revenue and profitability.
Production and marketing of products in certain states and countries may subject us to environmental and other regulations. In addition, certain states and countries may pass new regulations requiring our products to meet certain requirements to use environmentally friendly components. The European Union has issued two directives relating to chemical substances in electronic products. The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive ("WEEE") makes producers of certain electrical and electronic equipment financially responsible for collection, reuse, recycling, treatment and disposal of equipment placed in the European Union market. The Restrictions of Hazardous Substances Directive ("RoHS") bans the use of certain hazardous materials in electric and electrical equipment which are put on the market in the European Union. In the future, various countries including the United States may adopt further environmental compliance programs. If we fail to comply with these
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regulations, we may not be able to sell our products in jurisdictions where these regulations apply, which could have a material adverse effect on our revenue and profitability.
Risks Relating to Our Foreign Operations
Our use of suppliers in other parts of the world involves risks that could negatively impact us.
We purchase a number of components from suppliers in other parts of the world. Product delivery times may be extended due to the distances involved, requiring more lead time in ordering. In addition, ocean freight delays may occur as a result of labor problems, weather delays, expediting orders for third parties or customs issues. Any extended delay in receipt of the component parts could eliminate anticipated cost savings and have a material adverse effect on our customer relationships and profitability. More recently, governments have announced the imposition of tariffs on various products and components which may impact the pricing of certain components and inventories and could have a material adverse effect on our competitive standing in the marketplace and our financial results.
We face risks associated with our international operations that could impair our ability to grow our revenue abroad as well as our overall financial condition.
Our future growth may be dependent in part upon our ability to increase sales in international markets. These sales are subject to a variety of risks, including fluctuations in currency exchange rates, tariffs, import restrictions and other trade barriers, unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, longer accounts receivable payment cycles, potentially adverse tax consequences, and export license requirements. In addition, we are subject to the risks inherent in conducting business internationally, including political and economic instability and unexpected changes in diplomatic and trade relationships. In many markets where we operate business and cultural norms are different than those in the United States and practices that may violate laws and regulations applicable to us like the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA") and the UK Anti-Bribery Act ("UKBA") are more commonplace. Although we have implemented policies and procedures with the intention of ensuring compliance with these laws and regulations, our employees, contractors and agents, as well as channel partners involved in our international sales, may take actions in violation of our policies. Many of our vendors and strategic business allies also have international operations and are subject to the risks described above. Even if we are able to successfully manage the risks of international operations, our business may be adversely affected if one or more of our business partners are not able to successfully manage these risks. There can be no assurance that one or more of these factors will not have a material adverse effect on our business strategy and financial condition.
Our failure to comply effectively with regulatory laws pertaining to our foreign operations could have a material adverse effect on our revenue and profitability.
We are required to comply with U.S. government export regulations in the sale of our products to foreign customers, including requirements to properly classify and screen our products against a denied parties list prior to shipment. We are also required to comply with the provisions of the FCPA and all other anti-corruption laws, such as UKBA, of all other countries in which we do business, directly or indirectly, including compliance with the anti-bribery prohibitions and the accounting and recordkeeping requirements of this law. Violations of the FCPA or other similar laws could trigger sanctions, including ineligibility for U.S. government insurance and financing, as well as large fines. Failure to comply with the aforementioned regulations could also deter us from selling our products in international jurisdictions, which could have a material adverse effect on our revenue and profitability.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
Unsolicited takeover proposals, governance change proposals, proxy contests and resulting litigation may adversely impact our operations, create uncertainty and affect the market price and volatility of our securities.
In fiscal 2017, we received an unsolicited takeover proposal and other companies in our industry have been the target of unsolicited takeover proposals in the past. In the event that a third party, such as a competitor, private equity firm or activist investor makes an unsolicited takeover proposal or proposes to change our governance policies or board of directors, or makes other proposals concerning our ownership structure or operations, our review and consideration of such proposals may be a significant distraction for our management and employees, and could require us to expend significant time and resources. Such proposals may create uncertainty for our employees and this uncertainty may adversely affect our ability to retain key employees, to hire new talent or to complete acquisitions we may desire to make. Similar uncertainty among our customers, suppliers and other business partners could cause them to terminate, or not to renew or enter into, arrangements with us. Certain proposals may result in costly proxy contests or litigation that can disrupt our business operations or result in an adverse effect on our operating results. Management and employee distraction related to any such proposals also may adversely impact
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our ability to conduct our business optimally and pursue our strategic objectives. Such proposals, or their withdrawal, could create uncertainty among investors and potential investors as to our future direction and affect the market price of our common stock without regard to our operational or financial performance.
Certain provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law and our charter documents have an anti-takeover effect.
There exist certain mechanisms under the Delaware General Corporation Law and our charter documents that may delay, defer or prevent a change of control. For instance, under Delaware law, we are prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with interested stockholders for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder unless certain requirements are met, and majority stockholder approval is required for certain business combination transactions with interested parties.
Our Certificate of Incorporation contains a "fair price" provision requiring majority stockholder approval for certain business combination transactions with interested parties, and this provision may not be changed without the vote of at least 80% of the outstanding shares of our voting stock. Other mechanisms in our charter documents may also delay, defer or prevent a change of control. For instance, our Certificate of Incorporation provides that our Board of Directors has authority to issue series of our preferred stock with such voting rights and other powers as the Board of Directors may determine. Furthermore, we have a classified board of directors, which means that our directors are divided into three classes that are elected to three-year terms on a staggered basis. Since the three-year terms of each class overlap the terms of the other classes of directors, the entire board of directors cannot be replaced in any one year. Under Delaware law, directors serving on a classified board may not be removed by shareholders except for cause. The effect of these anti-takeover provisions may deter business combination transactions not approved by our Board of Directors, including acquisitions that may offer a premium over the market price to some or all stockholders.
The price of our common stock has been volatile and could continue to fluctuate in the future.
The market price of our common stock, like that of many other high-technology companies, has fluctuated significantly and is likely to continue to fluctuate in the future. During fiscal 2020, the closing price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market ranged from $6.40 to $18.68 per share. Our closing sale price on November 20, 2020 was $16.82 per share. Announcements by us or others regarding the receipt of customer orders, quarterly variations in operating results, departures of key personnel, acquisitions or divestitures, additional equity or debt financings, results of customer field trials, scientific discoveries, technological innovations, litigation, product developments, patent or proprietary rights, government regulation and general market conditions and risks may, for example, have a significant impact on the market price of our common stock.
If our stock price declines over a sustained period of time, our profits significantly decrease or our acquired businesses do not attain results that were anticipated at the time of acquisition, we may need to recognize an impairment of our goodwill.
The price of our common stock could decline. If such a decline continued over a sustained period of time, we could have an impairment of our goodwill. Our market value is dependent upon certain factors, including continued future growth of our products, services and solutions. If such growth does not materialize or our forecasts are not met (including forecasts established at the time of acquisition), our profits could be significantly reduced, and our market value may decline, which could result in an impairment of our goodwill. As discussed in other risk factors, there could be circumstances beyond our control, such as impacts from the current COVID-19 pandemic that could exacerbate the conditions that would lead to such an impairment.
Risks Relating to Our Industry
We are dependent on wireless communication networks owned and controlled by others.
Our revenue could decline if we are unable to deliver continued access to digital cellular wireless carriers that we depend on to provide sufficient network capacity, reliability and security to our customers. Our financial condition could be impacted if our wireless carriers increase the prices of their services or suffer operational or technical failures.
Natural disasters could impact our supply chain and customers negatively resulting in an adverse impact to our revenue and profitability.
Certain of our components and other materials used in producing our products are from regions susceptible to natural disasters. If we are unable to procure necessary materials, we could experience a disruption to our supply chain that would hinder our ability to produce our products in a timely manner. It also could cause us to seek other sources of supply which may be more costly or which we may not be able to procure on a timely basis. We also risk damage to any tooling, equipment or inventory at the supplier’s facilities. For instance, flooding in October 2011 and a fire in November 2014 disrupted the operations at one of
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our contract manufacturers in Thailand. In addition, our customers may not follow their normal purchasing patterns or temporarily cease purchasing from us due to impacts to their businesses in the region, creating unexpected fluctuations or decreases in our revenue and profitability. Natural disasters could have material adverse impacts on our business.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The following table contains a listing of our property locations that are material to us as of September 30, 2020:

Location of Property | Use of Facility |  | Segment |  | Approximate Square Footage |  | Ownership or Lease Expiration Date
Hopkins, MN (Corporate headquarters) | Research & development, sales, sales support, marketing and administration |  | IoT Products & Services |  | 59,497 |  | January 2032
Eden Prairie, MN | Manufacturing and warehousing |  | IoT Products & Services |  | 58,000 |  | Owned
Sandy, UT | Manufacturing and warehousing |  | IoT Products & Services |  | 15,280 |  | December 2021
Boston, MA | Research & development, sales, sales support and marketing |  | IoT Solutions |  | 13,302 |  | August 2026
Queensland, AUS | Research & development |  | IoT Products & Services |  | 12,422 |  | November 2023
Lindon, UT | Sales, technical support, research & development and administration |  | IoT Products & Services |  | 11,986 |  | December 2020
Mishawaka, IN | Sales, technical support and administration |  | IoT Solutions |  | 7,829 |  | August 2026
Ismaning, Germany | Sales, sales support and administration |  | IoT Products & Services |  | 6,878 |  | September 2022
Edison, NJ | Administration |  | IoT Products & Services |  | 6,223 |  | March 2025
Tampa, FL | Sales, sales support, marketing, research & development, technical support and administration |  | IoT Products & Services |  | 3,609 |  | August 2025

In July 2020, we signed a lease agreement for ten years in Sandy, Utah for 35,466 square feet of office space. We estimate that we will take up occupancy at this new location in January 2021. This location will house the employees of both the current Sandy, UT location and the Lindon, UT location.
In addition to the above locations, we have various other locations throughout the world that are not deemed to be material.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
In the normal course of business, we are subject to various claims and litigation, which may include, but are not limited to, patent infringement and intellectual property claims. While we are unable to predict the outcome of any potential claims or litigation due to the inherent unpredictability of these matters, we believe that it is possible that we could, in the future, incur judgments or enter into settlements of claims that could have a material adverse effect on our operations in any particular period. See Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report for additional information relating to legal matters.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
None.
PART II.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Stock Listing
Our common stock trades under the symbol DGII on the Nasdaq Global Select Market tier of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC. On November 20, 2020 there were 111 stockholders of record.
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Dividend Policy
We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock. Our Board of Directors presently intends to retain all earnings for use in our business and does not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities
The following table presents the information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of Digi International Inc. or any “affiliated purchaser” (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), of our common stock during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Program |  | Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program
July 1, 2020 - July 31, 2020 |  | 434 |  |  | $ | 12.12 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
August 1, 2020 - August 31, 2020 |  | 7,061 |  |  | $ | 13.32 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
September 1, 2020 - September 30, 2020 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Total |  | 7,495 |  | $ | 13.25 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |

(1) All shares reported were forfeited by employees in connection with the satisfaction of tax withholding obligations related to the vesting of restricted stock units.
Performance Evaluation
The graph below compares the total cumulative stockholders’ return on our common stock for the period from the close of the Nasdaq Stock Market - U.S. Companies on September 30, 2015 to September 30, 2020, the last day of fiscal 2020, with the total cumulative return for the Nasdaq U.S. Benchmark TR Index (the "U.S. Benchmark Index") and the Nasdaq Telecommunications Index (the "Peer Index") over the same period. We have determined that our line of business is mostly comparable to those companies in the Peer Index. The index level for the graph and table was set to $100 on September 30, 2015, for our common stock, the U.S. Benchmark Index and the Peer Index and assumes the reinvestment of all dividends.

|  | FY15 |  | FY16 |  | FY17 |  | FY18 |  | FY19 |  | FY20
Digi International Inc. |  | $ | 100.00 |  |  | $ | 96.69 |  |  | $ | 89.91 |  |  | $ | 114.08 |  |  | $ | 115.52 |  |  | $ | 132.57 |
Nasdaq U.S. Benchmark TR Index |  | $ | 100.00 |  |  | $ | 115.23 |  |  | $ | 136.80 |  |  | $ | 161.14 |  |  | $ | 165.93 |  |  | $ | 191.58 |
Nasdaq Telecommunications Index |  | $ | 100.00 |  |  | $ | 126.05 |  |  | $ | 127.52 |  |  | $ | 131.48 |  |  | $ | 150.56 |  |  | $ | 155.36 |

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
(in thousands, except per common share data amounts and number of employees)

For Fiscal Years Ended September 30, | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Revenue | $ | 279,271 |  |  | $ | 254,203 |  |  | $ | 226,893 |  |  | $ | 181,340 |  |  | $ | 203,005 |
Gross profit | $ | 143,972 |  |  | $ | 119,035 |  |  | $ | 109,054 |  |  | $ | 87,233 |  |  | $ | 99,680 |
Sales and marketing | 52,761 |  |  | 45,801 |  |  | 44,517 |  |  | 33,955 |  |  | 33,847 |
Research and development | 43,765 |  |  | 37,564 |  |  | 33,178 |  |  | 28,566 |  |  | 30,955 |
General and administrative | 36,012 |  |  | 25,685 |  |  | 28,276 |  |  | 13,331 |  |  | 17,026 |
Restructuring charges (reversals) | 117 |  |  | (87) |  |  | 301 |  |  | 2,515 |  |  | 747 |
Operating income | 11,317 |  |  | 10,072 |  |  | 2,782 |  |  | 8,866 |  |  | 17,105 |
Total other (expense) income, net | (3,854) |  |  | 1,073 |  |  | 468 |  |  | 684 |  |  | (415) |
Income before income taxes | 7,463 |  |  | 11,145 |  |  | 3,250 |  |  | 9,550 |  |  | 16,690 |
Income tax (benefit) expense (1) | (948) |  |  | 1,187 |  |  | 1,619 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 3,212 |
Income from continuing operations | 8,411 |  |  | 9,958 |  |  | 1,631 |  |  | 9,403 |  |  | 13,478 |
Income from discontinued operations, after income taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,230 |
Net income | $ | 8,411 |  |  | $ | 9,958 |  |  | $ | 1,631 |  |  | $ | 9,403 |  |  | $ | 16,708 |
Basic net income per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.52 |
Discontinued operations | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.13 |
Net income | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.65 |
Diluted net income per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations | $ | 0.28 |  |  | $ | 0.35 |  |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 0.35 |  |  | $ | 0.51 |
Discontinued operations | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.12 |
Net income (2) | $ | 0.28 |  |  | $ | 0.35 |  |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 0.35 |  |  | $ | 0.64 |
Balance sheet data as of September 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Working capital (current assets less current liabilities) | $ | 108,828 |  |  | $ | 148,089 |  |  | $ | 126,473 |  |  | $ | 155,911 |  |  | $ | 171,837 |
Total assets | $ | 528,682 |  |  | $ | 398,698 |  |  | $ | 372,146 |  |  | $ | 345,696 |  |  | $ | 336,166 |
Long-term debt, less current portion | $ | 58,980 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Stockholders' equity | $ | 371,500 |  |  | $ | 348,978 |  |  | $ | 330,493 |  |  | $ | 319,029 |  |  | $ | 300,029 |
Book value per common share (stockholders' equity divided by outstanding shares) | $ | 12.74 |  |  | $ | 12.36 |  |  | $ | 12.05 |  |  | $ | 12.01 |  |  | $ | 11.52 |
Number of employees as of September 30 | 656 |  |  | 543 |  |  | 516 |  |  | 514 |  |  | 515 |

(1)In fiscal 2020, we recorded discrete net tax benefits of $1.2 million, in fiscal 2019, we recorded discrete net tax benefits of $0.5 million and in fiscal 2018 we recorded discrete net tax expense of $1.5 million (see Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements). In fiscal 2017, we recorded net tax benefits of $1.0 million primarily from the reversal of tax reserves due to the expiration of statute of limitations from U.S. and foreign tax jurisdictions. In fiscal 2016, we recorded net tax benefits of $1.5 million primarily from the reinstatement of the federal research and development tax credit for calendar year 2015 and the reversal of reserves due to the expiration of statute of limitations from U.S. and foreign tax jurisdictions. In addition, we filed amended income tax returns resulting in an additional domestic refund related to qualified manufacturing activities.
(2)Earnings per share are calculated by line item and may not add due to the use of rounded amounts.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Our management’s discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We have omitted discussion of the earliest of the three years covered by our consolidated financial statements presented in this report because that disclosure was already included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2019, filed with the SEC on November 27, 2019. You are encouraged to reference Part II, Item 7, within that report, for a discussion of our financial condition and result of operations for fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2019.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This discussion contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements, other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements. Words such as "assume," "believe," "anticipate," "intend," "estimate," "target," "may," "will," "expect," "plan," "potential," "project," "should," or "continue" or the negative thereof or other expressions, which are predictions of or indicate future events and trends and which do not relate to historical matters, identify forward-looking statements. Among other items, these statements relate to expectations of the business environment in which Digi operates, projections of future performance, perceived marketplace opportunities and statements regarding our mission and vision. Such statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Among others, these include risks related to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and efforts to mitigate the same, risks related to the global economic downturn that commenced during the COVID-19 pandemic and the ability of companies like us to operate a global business in such conditions, the highly competitive market in which our company operates, rapid changes in technologies that may displace products sold by us, declining prices of networking products, our reliance on distributors and other third parties to sell our products, the potential for significant purchase orders to be canceled or changed, delays in product development efforts, uncertainty in user acceptance of our products, the ability to integrate our products and services with those of other parties in a commercially accepted manner, potential liabilities that can arise if any of our products have design or manufacturing defects, our ability to defend or settle satisfactorily any litigation, uncertainty in global economic conditions and economic conditions within particular regions of the world which could negatively affect product demand and the financial solvency of customers and suppliers, the impact of natural disasters and other events beyond our control that could negatively impact our supply chain and customers, potential unintended consequences associated with restructuring, reorganizations or other similar business initiatives that may impact our ability to retain important employees or otherwise impact our operations in unintended and adverse ways, the ability to achieve the anticipated benefits and synergies associated with acquisitions or divestitures and changes in our level of revenue or profitability which can fluctuate for many reasons beyond our control.
These and other risks, uncertainties and assumptions identified from time to time in our filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, including without limitation, those set forth in Item 1A, Risk Factors, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequent other quarterly filings on Form 10-Q and other filings, could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. Many of such factors are beyond our ability to control or predict. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date for which they are made. We disclaim any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
PRESENTATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
This report includes adjusted net income, adjusted net income per diluted share and adjusted earnings before interest, taxes and amortization ("adjusted EBITDA"), each of which is a non-GAAP financial measure.
Non-GAAP measures are not substitutes for GAAP measures for the purpose of analyzing financial performance. The disclosure of these measures does not reflect all charges and gains that were actually recognized by Digi. These non-GAAP measures are not in accordance with, or, an alternative for measures prepared in accordance with GAAP and may be different from non-GAAP measures used by other companies or presented by us in prior reports. In addition, these non-GAAP measures are not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles. We believe that non-GAAP measures have limitations in that they do not reflect all of the amounts associated with our results of operations as determined in accordance with GAAP. We believe these measures should only be used to evaluate our results of operations in conjunction with the corresponding GAAP measures. Additionally, Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures, the cash requirements for the replacement of depreciated and amortized assets, or changes in or cash requirements for our working capital needs.
We believe that providing historical and adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share, respectively, exclusive
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
of such items as reversals of tax reserves, discrete tax benefits, restructuring charges and reversals, intangible amortization, stock-based compensation, other non-operating income/expense, adjustments to estimates of contingent consideration, acquisition-related expenses, interest expense related to acquisition and gains from the disposition of our former corporate headquarters permits investors to compare results with prior periods that did not include these items. Management uses the aforementioned non-GAAP measures to monitor and evaluate ongoing operating results and trends and to gain an understanding of our comparative operating performance. In addition, certain of our stockholders have expressed an interest in seeing financial performance measures exclusive of the impact of these matters, which while important, are not central to the core operations of our business. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA, defined as EBITDA adjusted for stock-based compensation expense, acquisition-related expenses, restructuring charges and reversals, and gains from the disposition of our former corporate headquarters is useful to investors to evaluate our core operating results and financial performance because it excludes items that are significant non-cash or non-recurring expenses reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We believe that the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue is useful because it provides a reliable and consistent approach to measuring our performance from year to year and in assessing our performance against that of other companies. We believe this information helps compare operating results and corporate performance exclusive of the impact of our capital structure and the method by which assets were acquired.
OVERVIEW
We are a leading global provider of business and mission-critical and Internet-of-Things ("IoT") connectivity products, services and solutions. Our business is comprised of two reporting segments: IoT Products & Services and IoT Solutions.
In fiscal 2021, our key operating objectives include:
•continued growth of our SmartSense by Digi® business that is the base of our IoT Solutions segment;
•delivering growth within our IoT Products & Services segment through new product introductions;
•identification of strategic growth initiatives through acquisition; and
•optimizing our reduced fixed cost footprint with third-party manufacturing.
Below is a summary of our fiscal 2020 results:
•Consolidated revenue was $279.3 million, an increase of 9.9% over fiscal 2019. This increase was driven by incremental revenue from our December 2019 acquisition of Opengear. This was partially offset by large sales to certain customers in the prior year that did not reoccur in fiscal 2020 for our RF products, infrastructure management and cellular products. In addition, revenues from Smartsense by Digi® declined due to delays in customer rollouts, expansions and equipment upgrades largely as a result of COVID-19.
•Consolidated gross profit was $144.0 million, an increase of 20.9% percent over fiscal 2019. This increase was driven by increased revenue and incremental gross profit from our December 2019 acquisition of Opengear. This increase was partially offset by unfavorable customer and product mix.
•Consolidated operating income was $11.3 million, an increase of 12.4% percent.
•Net income was $8.4 million, compared to net income of $10.0 million for fiscal 2019, a decrease of 15.5%.
•Diluted earnings per share was $0.28, compared to $0.35, a decrease of 20%. Included in fiscal 2019 was a gain on the sale of our corporate headquarters building that contributed $0.12 (net of tax) per diluted share.
•Adjusted EBITDA was $40.2 million, or, 14.4% of revenue, compared to $26.5 million or 10.4% of revenue in fiscal 2019.
•Adjusted net income and adjusted income per share were $29.0 million, or $0.98 per diluted share, compared to $19.0 million, or $0.66 per diluted share, an increase of 52.7%.
Key trends regarding our existing business
The following trends affected our financial performance in fiscal 2020 and 2019, and we expect these trends will continue to impact our results in the future:
•We believe the market for IoT products and related services is in the midst of a long-term expansion. We believe our IoT Products & Services business is positioned for modest revenue and profitability growth and that our IoT Solutions
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business is positioned for more significant revenue growth given the large total addressable market for condition monitoring and asset tracking services that is in earlier stages of adoption.
•As recurring revenue from subscription and cloud monitoring services becomes a greater portion of our overall revenue, we expect gross margins to increase as the revenue of incremental subscriptions is not offset at the same rate as expected increases in costs associated with implementing new subscribers.
•We expect revenues from our infrastructure product offerings within our IoT Products & Services business will decrease over time as many of these products are in the mature phase of their product life cycles.
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth selected information derived from our Consolidated Statements of Operations, expressed as a percentage of revenue and as a percentage of change from year-to-year for the years indicated:

|  |  |  | Year ended September 30, |  | % Increase (decrease)
|  |  |  | 2020 |  |  |  | 2019 |  | 2020 compared to 2019
Revenue |  |  |  | 100.0 |  |  |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | 9.9 |
Cost of sales |  |  |  | 48.4 |  |  |  |  | 53.2 |  |  | 0.1 |
Gross profit |  |  |  | 51.6 |  |  |  |  | 46.8 |  |  | 20.9 |
Operating expenses |  |  |  | 47.5 |  |  |  |  | 42.8 |  |  | 21.7 |
Operating income |  |  |  | 4.1 |  |  |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 12.4 |
Other (expense) income, net |  |  |  | (1.4) |  |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | (459.2) |
Income before income taxes |  |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  |  | 4.4 |  |  | (33.0) |
Income tax (benefit) expense |  |  |  | (0.3) |  |  |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | (179.9) |
Net income |  |  |  | 3.0 | % |  |  |  | 3.9 | % |  | (15.5) |

REVENUE

|  | Year ended September 30, |  |
($ in thousands) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | % Increase (decrease)
Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services |  | $ | 249,530 |  |  | 89.4 | % |  | $ | 215,287 |  |  | 84.7 | % |  | 15.9 |
IoT Solutions |  | 29,741 |  |  | 10.6 |  |  | 38,916 |  |  | 15.3 |  |  | (23.6) |
Total revenue |  | $ | 279,271 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 254,203 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 9.9 |

The 15.9% increase in IoT Products & Services revenue in fiscal 2020 from fiscal 2019 primarily was the result of:
•incremental revenue from Opengear, which we acquired in December 2019 (see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements); and
•increased sales of our support services.
This increase partially was offset by:
•large sales to certain customers in the prior year that did not reoccur in fiscal 2020 for our RF products, infrastructure management and cellular products. This segment has many large project-based customer deployments that were deferred or delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic; and
•decreased sales of our wireless design services.
The 23.6% percent decrease in IoT Solutions revenue in fiscal 2020 from fiscal 2019 primarily was the result of:
•delays in customer rollouts, expansions and equipment upgrades which occurred primarily as a result of COVID-19 and the economic downturn;
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•large enterprise deals in fiscal 2019 that did not reoccur in fiscal 2020; and
•equipment upgrades from existing customers in fiscal 2019 that did not reoccur in fiscal 2020.
This decrease partially was offset by:
•increase in recurring revenue from our subscription services as we served over 70,000 sites at September 30, 2020 compared to just over 63,000 sites at September 30, 2019.
COST OF GOODS SOLD AND GROSS PROFIT
Below are our segments' cost of goods sold and gross profit as a percentage of their respective total revenue:

|  | Year ended September 30, |  |  |  | Basis point increase (decrease)
($ in thousands) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |
Cost of Goods Sold |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services |  | $ | 120,181 |  |  | 48.2 | % |  | $ | 114,765 |  |  | 53.3 | % |  |  |  | (514) |
IoT Solutions |  | 15,118 |  |  | 50.8 | % |  | 20,403 |  |  | 52.4 | % |  |  |  | (160) |
Total cost of goods sold |  | $ | 135,299 |  |  | 48.4 | % |  | $ | 135,168 |  |  | 53.2 | % |  |  |  | (473) |

|  | Year ended September 30, |  |  |  | Basis point increase (decrease)
($ in thousands) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |
Gross Profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services |  | $ | 129,349 |  |  | 51.8 | % |  | $ | 100,522 |  |  | 46.7 | % |  |  |  | 514 |
IoT Solutions |  | 14,623 |  |  | 49.2 | % |  | 18,513 |  |  | 47.6 | % |  |  |  | 160 |
Total gross profit |  | $ | 143,972 |  |  | 51.6 | % |  | $ | 119,035 |  |  | 46.8 | % |  |  |  | 473 |

The 514 basis point increase in IoT Products & Services gross profit primarily was the result of:
•incremental gross profit from our acquisition of Opengear in December 2019, which has higher gross margins than many of our other products; and
•increased sales of our support services, which typically has higher gross margins.
This increase partially was offset by:
•unfavorable product mix as we experienced lower sales of RF and certain infrastructure management products, which typically have higher gross margins.
The 160 basis point increase in IoT Solutions gross profit primarily was the result of:
•one-time non-recurring revenue and increased recurring revenue from our subscription services, which typically have higher gross margins.
OPERATING EXPENSES
Below are our operating expenses as a percentage of total revenue:

|  | Year ended September 30, |  |  |  |
($ in thousands) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ increase (decrease) |  | % Increase (decrease)
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing |  | $ | 52,761 |  |  | 18.9 |  |  | $ | 45,801 |  |  | 18.0 |  |  | $ | 6,960 |  |  | 15.2 |
Research and development |  | 43,765 |  |  | 15.7 |  |  | 37,564 |  |  | 14.7 |  |  | 6,201 |  |  | 16.5 |
General and administrative |  | 36,012 |  |  | 12.9 |  |  | 25,685 |  |  | 10.1 |  |  | 10,327 |  |  | 40.2 |
Restructuring charges, net |  | 117 |  |  | — |  |  | (87) |  |  | — |  |  | 204 |  |  | (234.5) |
Total operating expenses |  | $ | 132,655 |  |  | 47.5 |  |  | $ | 108,963 |  |  | 42.8 |  |  | $ | 23,692 |  |  | 21.7 |

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The $23.7 million increase in operating expenses in fiscal 2020 from fiscal 2019 primarily was the result of:
•incremental operating expenses for Opengear;
•a $4.4 million gain on the sale of our corporate headquarters building recorded in the first quarter of fiscal 2019; and
•a $1.4 million increase in acquisition expenses.
This increase partially was offset by:
•a reduction in compensation related expenses of $3.2 million, primarily related to a reduction in incentive compensation;
•a reduction $1.3 million in acquisition earnout expenses primarily related to earnout expenses recorded in fiscal 2019; and
•a decrease in trade shows and related travel expenses of $1.6 million as events and travel were restricted due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

|  | Year ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  |
($ in thousands) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ increase (decrease) |  | % Increase (decrease) |  |
Other (expense) income, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  | $ | 304 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | $ | 733 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | $ | (429) |  |  | (58.5) |  |  |
Interest expense |  | (3,592) |  |  | (1.3) |  |  | (102) |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | (3,490) |  |  | 3,421.6 |  |  |
Other (expense) income, net |  | (566) |  |  | (0.2) |  |  | 442 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | (1,008) |  |  | (228.1) |  |  |
Total other (expense) income, net |  | $ | (3,854) |  |  | (1.4) |  |  | $ | 1,073 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | $ | (4,927) |  |  | (459.2) |  |  |

The $4.9 million increase in other (expense) income in fiscal 2020 from fiscal 2019 primarily was the result of:
•an increase in interest expense of $3.5 million related to the balance outstanding under the Credit Facility in connection with the acquisition of Opengear in December 2019 (see Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements);
•a $1.0 million increase in other expense primarily related to increased in foreign currency losses mostly related to the strengthening of the Euro against the U.S. Dollar; and
•interest income decreased $0.4 million, driven by higher balances of marketable securities, cash and cash equivalents in fiscal 2019 in addition to lower average interest rates in fiscal 2020.
INCOME TAXES
Our effective income tax rates were (12.7)%, 10.7% and 49.8% for fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Our effective tax rate will vary based on a variety of factors. These include our overall profitability, the geographical mix of income before taxes and related statutory tax rate in each jurisdiction, and discrete events, such as settlement of audits (see Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements).
INFLATION
Management believes that during fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018, inflation did not have a material effect on our Consolidated Statements of Operations or financial position.
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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Below are reconciliations from GAAP to Non-GAAP information that we feel is important to our business:
Reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted EBITDA
(In thousands)

|  |  | Fiscal year ended September 30,
|  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | % of total revenue |  |  |  | % of total revenue
Total revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 279,271 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 254,203 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 8,411 |  |  | 3.0 | % |  | $ | 9,958 |  |  | 3.9 | %
Interest expense (income), net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,288 |  |  |  |  | (631) |  |  |
Income tax (benefit) expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (948) |  |  |  |  | 1,187 |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 19,299 |  |  |  |  | 13,396 |  |  |
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,237 |  |  |  |  | 5,655 |  |  |
Gain on sale of building |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (4,396) |  |  |
Restructuring charge (reversal) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 117 |  |  |  |  | (87) |  |  |
Acquisition expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,772 |  |  |  |  | 1,390 |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 40,176 |  |  | 14.4 | % |  | $ | 26,472 |  |  | 10.4 | %

Reconciliation of Net Income and Net Income per Diluted Share to
Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income per Diluted Share
(In thousands, except per share amounts)

|  |  | Fiscal year ended September 30,
|  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net income and net income per diluted share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 8,411 |  |  | $ | 0.28 |  |  | $ | 9,958 |  |  | $ | 0.35 |
Amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14,754 |  |  | 0.50 |  |  | 8,818 |  |  | 0.31 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,237 |  |  | 0.24 |  |  | 5,655 |  |  | 0.20 |
Other non-operating expense (income) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 566 |  |  | 0.02 |  |  | (442) |  |  | (0.02) |
Acquisition expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,772 |  |  | 0.09 |  |  | 1,390 |  |  | 0.05 |
Acquisition earn-out adjustments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (128) |  |  | — |  |  | 1,191 |  |  | 0.04 |
Restructuring charge (reversal) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 117 |  |  | — |  |  | (87) |  |  | — |
Interest expense related to acquisition |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,558 |  |  | 0.12 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Gain on sale of building |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,396) |  |  | (0.15) |
Tax effect from above net income adjustments (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (7,106) |  |  | (0.24) |  |  | (2,565) |  |  | (0.09) |
Discrete tax benefits (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,216) |  |  | (0.04) |  |  | (549) |  |  | (0.02) |
Adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 28,965 |  |  | $ | 0.98 |  |  | $ | 18,973 |  |  | $ | 0.66 |
Diluted weighted average common shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29,546 |  |  |  | 28,554

(1)The tax effect from the above adjustments assumes and estimated effective tax rate of 20.2% for fiscal 2020 and 18% for fiscal 2019 based on adjusted net income.
(2)For the twelve months ended September 30, 2020, discrete tax benefits include excess tax benefits recognized on stock compensation, an adjustment of our state deferred tax rate due to the Opengear acquisition and expiring statute of limitations. For the twelve months ended September 30, 2019, discrete tax benefits primarily includes reversals of tax reserves due to the expiration of statutes of limitation.
(3)Adjusted net income per diluted share may not add due to the use of rounded numbers.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Historically we have financed our operations and capital expenditures principally with funds generated from operations. Our liquidity requirements arise from our working capital needs, and to a lesser extent, our need to fund capital expenditures to support our current operations and facilitate growth and expansion.
In the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we incurred debt of $110 million associated with our acquisition of Opengear. As of September 30, 2020, $85 million remained available under the Revolving Loan, which included $10 million available for a letter of credit subfacility and $10 million available under a swingline subfacility, the outstanding amounts of which decrease the available commitment. During the last half of fiscal 2020, we repaid $45 million of the Revolving Loan. For additional information regarding the terms of our Credit Facility, including the Revolving Loan and its subfacilities, see Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements.
On April 14, 2020, we were granted a loan for $9.0 million under the Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") established as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act"). Based on our evaluation of additional rules for the PPP established after the grant acceptance, on May 4, 2020 we voluntarily repaid the full amount of the loan of $9.0 million, plus interest.
We expect positive cash flows from operations. We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents balances, cash generated from operations and our ability to borrow under our credit facility will be sufficient to fund our business operations and capital expenditures for the next twelve months and beyond.
As follows, our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the years ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is summarized:

|  | Year ended September 30, |  |
($ in thousands) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |
Operating activities |  | $ | 34,478 |  |  | $ | 28,964 |  |  |
Investing activities |  | (136,997) |  |  | 5,511 |  |  |
Financing activities |  | 63,603 |  |  | 1,113 |  |  |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  | 253 |  |  | (810) |  |  |
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | (38,663) |  |  | $ | 34,778 |  |  |

Cash flows from operating activities increased $5.5 million primarily as a result of:
•positive changes in non-cash adjustments $10.7 million, primarily related to depreciation and amortization and a gain on the sale of the building in the prior fiscal year; and
•a partial offset to those increases by decreased net income of $1.5 million and decreased working capital of $3.7 million.
Working capital decreased $3.7 million primarily due to increased inventory and decreased income taxes payable primarily in fiscal 2020. In addition there was a decrease in cash inflows related to accounts payable in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. These factors that lowered working capital were partially offset by a decrease in accounts receivable.
Cash flows from investing activities decreased $142.5 million primarily as a result of:
•$136.1 million net cash used for the purchase of Opengear during fiscal 2020;
•$10.0 million of proceeds from the sale of our corporate headquarters building and $4.8 million of proceeds from maturities of our marketable securities both in fiscal 2019; and
•a partial offset to those decreases by $8.4 million of additional purchases in the prior fiscal year related to property, equipment and facility improvements (mostly related to the build-out of our new corporate headquarters space).
Cash flows from financing activities increased $62.5 million primarily as a result of:
•proceeds, net of payments, of long-term debt of $63.1 million from the Revolving Loan and Term Loan (see Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements);
•increases in proceeds from stock award plans of $0.3 million; and
•a partial offset to these increases relates to additional contingent consideration payments.
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CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
The following summarizes our contractual obligations at September 30, 2020:

|  | Payments due by fiscal period
($ in thousands) |  | Total |  | Less than 1 year |  | 1-3 years |  | 3-5 years |  | Thereafter
Operating leases |  | $ | 27,917 |  |  | $ | 3,757 |  |  | $ | 6,569 |  |  | $ | 5,735 |  |  | $ | 11,856 |
Contingent consideration |  | 4,228 |  |  | 4,228 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Revolving loan |  | 15,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,000 |  |  | — |
Term loan |  | 48,125 |  |  | 2,500 |  |  | 7,188 |  |  | 38,437 |  |  | — |
Interest on long-term debt |  | 4,379 |  |  | 1,106 |  |  | 1,975 |  |  | 1,298 |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 99,649 |  |  | $ | 11,591 |  |  | $ | 15,732 |  |  | $ | 60,470 |  |  | $ | 11,856 |

The operating lease agreements included above primarily relate to office space. The table above does not include our possible payments for uncertain tax positions. Our reserve for uncertain tax positions, including accrued interest and penalties, was $2.7 million as of September 30, 2020. Due to the nature of the underlying liabilities and the extended time often needed to resolve income tax uncertainties, we cannot make reliable estimates of the amount or timing of future cash payments that may be required to settle these liabilities. The above table also does not include those obligations for royalties under license agreements as these royalties are calculated based on future sales of licensed products and we cannot make reliable estimates of the amount of cash payments.
FOREIGN CURRENCY
We are exposed to foreign currency transaction risk associated with certain sales being denominated in Euros, British Pounds, Japanese Yen and Canadian Dollar. We also are exposed to foreign currency translation risk as the financial position and operating results of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. Dollars for consolidation. We manage our net asset or net liability position for U.S. dollar accounts in our foreign locations to reduce our foreign currency risk. We have not implemented a formal hedging strategy to reduce foreign currency risk.
During 2020, we had approximately $65.8 million of revenue related to foreign customers including export sales, of which $1.7 million was denominated in foreign currencies, predominantly the Euro and Canadian Dollar. During fiscal 2019 and 2018, we had approximately $70.2 million and $65.0 million, respectively, of revenue to foreign customers including export sales, of which $3.4 million and $9.7 million, respectively, were denominated in foreign currencies, predominantly the Euro and British Pound. In future periods, we expect that the majority of our sales will be in U.S. Dollar.
RECENT ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENTS
For information on new accounting pronouncements, see Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the values of purchased assets and assumed liabilities in acquisitions. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
We believe the following critical accounting policies impact our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
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REVENUE RECOGNITION
We recognize hardware product revenue upon transfer of control of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. We determine the amount of revenue to be recognized through application of the following steps:
•identification of the contract, or contracts with a customer;
•identification of the performance obligations in the contract;
•determination of the transaction price;
•allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
•recognition of revenue when or as we satisfy the performance obligations.
Hardware Product Revenue and SmartSense by Digi® Equipment Revenue and Associated Installation Fees
Our hardware product revenue is derived primarily from the sale of wired and wireless hardware products to our distributors and direct/original equipment manufacturer (“Direct/OEM”) customers. Product revenue generally is recognized upon shipment of the product to a customer. Sales to authorized domestic distributors and Direct/OEM customers typically are made with certain rights of return and price adjustment provisions. Estimated reserves for future credit returns and pricing adjustments are established based on an analysis of historical patterns of credit returns and price adjustments compared to received credit returns and distribution sales for the current period. Estimated reserves for future credit returns and price adjustments are charged against revenue in the same period as the corresponding sales are recorded. Estimated sales returns for our distributor stock rotation program are accounted for under the guidance of ASC 845 Nonmonetary Transactions. Material differences between the historical trends used to determine estimated reserves and actual credit returns and pricing adjustments could result in a material change to our consolidated results of operations or financial position.
Equipment revenue from SmartSense by Digi® within our IoT Solutions segment is recognized upon shipment of the equipment to a customer. Installation service charges from these sales are recorded when the product is installed.
Subscription and Support Services Revenue
Our SmartSense by Digi® subscription revenue is recorded on a monthly basis. These subscriptions are generally in a range from one to five years, and may contain an evergreen renewal provision. Generally, our subscription renewal charges per month are the same as the original contract term.
We also derive service revenue from our Digi Remote Manager®, a platform-as-a-service (“PaaS”) offering, whereby customers pay for services consumed based on the number of devices being managed or monitored. This revenue is recognized over the life of the service term and is included in our IoT Products & Services segment.
Digi Support Services revenues are recognized over the life of the support contract and included in our IoT Products & Services segment. Some of Digi Support Services revenue is for training and this revenue is recognized as the services are performed.
Professional Services Revenue
Professional services revenue is derived from our Digi Wireless Design Services contracts on either on a time-and-materials or a fixed-fee basis. These revenues, which are included in our IoT Products & Services segment are recognized as the services are performed for time-and-materials contracts, or when milestones are achieved and accepted by the customer for fixed-fee contracts.
Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations
From time to time we have contracts from customers with multiple performance obligations. Our hardware products may be combined with our Digi Remote Manager® PaaS offering as well as other support services in an individual contract. Our SmartSense by Digi® revenues typically are derived from contracts with multiple performance obligations. These obligations may include: delivery of monitoring equipment that the customer either purchases out-right or uses while we retain ownership, monitoring services, providing condition alerts of assets being monitored, and recertification of sensor equipment. When we retain ownership of the equipment, we charge an implementation fee to the customer so they can begin using the equipment. In
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these instances, all revenue derived from the above obligations is recognized over the subscription term of the contract. If the customer purchases the equipment out-right, that portion of the revenue is recognized at the stand-alone selling price at the time the equipment is shipped and all other revenue is recognized over the subscription term of the contract. We have made an accounting policy election to exclude from the measurement of our revenues any sales or similar taxes we collect from customers.
INVENTORIES
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined using the first-in, first-out method. We reduce the carrying value of our inventories for estimated excess and obsolete inventories equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and its estimated realizable value based upon assumptions about future product demand and market conditions. Once the new cost basis is established, the value is not increased with any changes in circumstances that would indicate an increase in value after the re-measurement. If actual product demand or market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required that could result in a material change to our consolidated results of operations or financial position.
GOODWILL
Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis as of June 30, or more frequently if events or circumstances occur which could indicate impairment. For our quantitative goodwill impairment tests, we determine the estimated fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit is higher than its estimated fair value, an impairment loss must be recognized for the excess. We have two reportable operating segments, our IoT Products & Services segment and our IoT Solutions segment. Both operating segments constitute separate reporting units and both units were tested individually for impairment.
The fair value of each reporting unit is determined using a weighted combination of an income and market approach. A discounted cash flow (“DCF”) method is utilized for the income approach. In developing the discounted cash flow analysis, our assumptions about future revenues, expenses, capital expenditures, and changes in working capital are based on management’s projections, and assume a terminal growth rate thereafter. A separate discount rate is determined for each reporting unit and these cash flows are then discounted to determine the fair value of the reporting unit. The market approach determines a value derived from the guideline company method. This market approach method estimates the price reasonably expected to be realized from the sale of the reporting unit based on comparable companies.
Assumptions and estimates to determine fair values under the income and market approaches are complex and often subjective. They can be affected by a variety of factors. These include external factors such as industry and economic trends. They also include internal factors such as changes in our business strategy and our internal forecasts. We believe we made a reasonable estimate with the assumptions used to calculate the fair values of our two reporting segments. Changes in circumstances or a potential event could negatively affect the estimated fair values. We will continue to monitor potential COVID-19 industry and demand impacts as this could potentially affect our cash flows and market capitalization. If our future operating results do not meet current forecasts or if we experience a sustained decline in our market capitalization that is determined to be indicative of a reduction in fair value of one or more of our reporting units, we may be required to record future impairment charges for goodwill.
Results of our Fiscal 2020 Annual Impairment Test
We had a total of $157.1 million of goodwill for the IoT Products & Services reporting unit and $49.6 million of goodwill for the IoT Solutions reporting unit as of June 30, 2020. At June 30, 2020, fair value exceeded the carrying value by more than 10% for both reporting units. Implied fair values for both reporting units were each calculated on a standalone basis using a weighted combination of the income approach and market approach. The implied fair values of each reporting unit were added together to get an indicated value of total equity to which a range of indicated value of total equity was derived. This range was compared to the total market capitalization of $338.2 million as of June 30, 2020. This implied a range of control premiums of 17.0% to 29.1%. This range of control premiums fell below the control premiums observed in the last five years in the communications equipment industry. As a result, the market capitalization reconciliation analysis proved support for the reasonableness of the fair values estimated for each individual reporting unit.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, we assessed various qualitative factors to determine whether or not an additional goodwill impairment assessment was required as of September 30, 2020, and we concluded that no additional impairment assessment was required.
CONTINGENT CONSIDERATION
We measure our contingent consideration liabilities recognized in connection with business combinations at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as defined in ASC 820 "Fair Value Measurement". We used a probability-weighted discounted cash flow approach as the valuation technique to determine the fair value of the contingent consideration on the acquisition date. At each subsequent reporting period, the fair value is re-measured with the change in fair value recognized in general and administrative expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Any amounts paid to the sellers in excess of the amount recorded on the acquisition date will be classified as cash flows used in operating activities. Payments to the sellers not exceeding the acquisition-date fair value of the contingent consideration will be classified as cash flows used in financing activities.
INCOME TAXES
We operate in multiple tax jurisdictions both in and outside of the U.S. Accordingly, we must determine the appropriate allocation of income to each of these jurisdictions. This determination requires us to make several estimates and assumptions. Tax audits associated with the allocation of this income, and other complex issues, may require an extended period of time to resolve. They also could result in adjustments to our income tax balances that are material to our consolidated financial position and results of operations and could result in potential cash outflows. Liabilities for uncertain tax positions are also established for potential and ongoing audits of federal, state and international issues. We routinely monitor the potential impact of such situations and believe that liabilities are properly stated. Valuations related to amounts owed and tax rates could be impacted by changes to tax codes and our interpretation thereof, changes in statutory rates, our future taxable income levels and the results of tax audits.
WARRANTIES
In general, we warrant our products to be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service. The warranty periods generally range from one to five years. We typically have the option to repair or replace products we deem defective due to material or workmanship. Estimated warranty costs are accrued in the period that the related revenue is recognized based upon an estimated average per unit repair or replacement cost applied to the estimated number of units under warranty. These estimates are based upon historical warranty incidents and are evaluated on an ongoing basis to ensure the adequacy of the warranty accrual.
We also warrant our software or firmware incorporated into our products generally for a period of one year and offer to provide a bug fix or software patch within a reasonable period. We have not accrued specifically for this warranty and have not had claims specifically related to software or firmware.
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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
INTEREST RATE RISK
We may be exposed to interest rate risk should we decide to invest in marketable securities. When we held marketable securities, we classified them as available-for-sale and were carried at fair value. Our investments historically consisted of money market funds, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate bonds and government municipal bonds. Our investment policy specifies the types of eligible investments and minimum credit quality of our investments, as well as diversification and concentration limits which mitigate our risk. We do not use derivative financial instruments to hedge against interest rate risk because the majority of our investments mature in less than one year.
We are exposed to market risks related to fluctuations in interest rates on amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility. As of September 30, 2020, we had $48.1 million outstanding under our Term Loan and $15.0 million outstanding under our Revolving Loan. Prior to May 4, 2020, borrowings under the Credit Facility bore interest rates based on an underlying variable benchmark plus applicable margin based on our total leverage ("ABR"); this interest rate was reset quarterly. Effective May 4, 2020, borrowings under the Credit Facility bear a variable interest rate of LIBOR plus an applicable margin spread from 3.25% to 1.25%. The amount of the applicable margin spread is a function of our leverage ratio and is reset monthly. Based on the balance sheet position for both the Term Loan and Revolving Loan at September 30, 2020, the annualized effect of a 25 basis point change in interest rates would increase or decrease our interest expense by $0.3 million. For additional information, see Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements. For our Credit Facility, interest rate changes generally do not affect the fair value of the debt instruments, but do impact future earnings and cash flows, assuming other factors are held constant.
FOREIGN CURRENCY RISK
We are exposed to foreign currency transaction risk associated with certain sales being denominated in Euros, British Pounds, Japanese Yen or Canadian Dollars and in certain cases, transactions in U.S. Dollars in our foreign entities. We are also exposed to foreign currency translation risk as the financial position and operating results of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. Dollars for consolidation. We manage our net asset or net liability position for non-functional currency accounts, primarily the U.S. dollar accounts in our foreign locations to reduce our foreign currency risk. In addition, as foreign currency rates fluctuate, we may from time to time, adjust the prices of our products, services and subscriptions. We have not implemented a formal hedging strategy.
The table below compares the average monthly exchange rates of the Euro, British Pound, Japanese Yen and Canadian Dollar:

| Fiscal year ended September 30, |  | % increase
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | (decrease)
Euro | 1.1268 |  |  | 1.1300 |  |  | (0.3) | %
British Pound | 1.2722 |  |  | 1.2769 |  |  | (0.4) | %
Japanese Yen | 0.0093 |  |  | 0.0091 |  |  | 2.2 | %
Canadian Dollar | 0.7441 |  |  | 0.7518 |  |  | (1.0) | %

A 10.0% change from the 2020 average exchange rate for the Euro, British Pound, Yen and Canadian Dollar to the U.S. Dollar would have resulted in a 0.1% increase or decrease in fiscal 2020 annual revenue and a 0.9% increase or decrease in stockholders' equity at September 30, 2020. The above analysis does not take into consideration any pricing adjustments we may make in response to changes in the exchange rates.
CREDIT RISK
We have some exposure to credit risk related to our accounts receivable portfolio. Exposure to credit risk is controlled through regular monitoring of customer financial status, credit limits and collaboration with sales management on customer contacts to facilitate payment.
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Board of Directors and Shareholders
Digi International Inc.
Opinion on the financial statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Digi International Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of September 30, 2020 and 2019,the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 2020, and the related notes and consolidated financial statement schedule included under Item 15 (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2020, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”), and our report dated November 25, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion.
Change in accounting principle
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for leases in fiscal year 2020 due to the adoption of ASC Topic 842, Leases.
Basis for opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017.
Minneapolis, Minnesota
November 25, 2020
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA (CONTINUED)
DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

| Fiscal year ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
| (in thousands, except per common share data)
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |
Product | $ | 248,374 |  |  | $ | 224,530 |  |  | $ | 201,737 |
Service | 30,897 |  |  | 29,673 |  |  | 25,156 |
Total revenue | 279,271 |  |  | 254,203 |  |  | 226,893 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |
Cost of product | 118,322 |  |  | 118,855 |  |  | 104,639 |
Cost of service | 12,490 |  |  | 13,350 |  |  | 10,329 |
Amortization | 4,487 |  |  | 2,963 |  |  | 2,871 |
Total cost of sales | 135,299 |  |  | 135,168 |  |  | 117,839 |
Gross profit | 143,972 |  |  | 119,035 |  |  | 109,054 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing | 52,761 |  |  | 45,801 |  |  | 44,517 |
Research and development | 43,765 |  |  | 37,564 |  |  | 33,178 |
General and administrative | 36,012 |  |  | 25,685 |  |  | 28,276 |
Restructuring charge (reversal) | 117 |  |  | (87) |  |  | 301 |
Total operating expenses | 132,655 |  |  | 108,963 |  |  | 106,272 |
Operating income | 11,317 |  |  | 10,072 |  |  | 2,782 |
Other (expense) income, net: |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 304 |  |  | 733 |  |  | 445 |
Interest expense | (3,592) |  |  | (102) |  |  | (25) |
Other (expense) income, net | (566) |  |  | 442 |  |  | 48 |
Total other (expense) income, net | (3,854) |  |  | 1,073 |  |  | 468 |
Income before income taxes | 7,463 |  |  | 11,145 |  |  | 3,250 |
Income tax (benefit) expense | (948) |  |  | 1,187 |  |  | 1,619 |
Net income | $ | 8,411 |  |  | $ | 9,958 |  |  | $ | 1,631 |
Net income per common share: |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.06 |
Diluted | $ | 0.28 |  |  | $ | 0.35 |  |  | $ | 0.06 |
Weighted average common shares: |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 28,849 |  |  | 27,905 |  |  | 27,083 |
Diluted | 29,546 |  |  | 28,554 |  |  | 27,652 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA (CONTINUED)
DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

| Fiscal year ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
| (in thousands)
Net income | $ | 8,411 |  |  | $ | 9,958 |  |  | $ | 1,631 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | 1,698 |  |  | (2,003) |  |  | (865) |
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on investments | — |  |  | 19 |  |  | (31) |
Less income tax (expense) benefit | — |  |  | (5) |  |  | 6 |
Reclassification of realized loss on investments included in net income (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |
Less income tax benefit (2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 1,698 |  |  | (1,989) |  |  | (867) |
Comprehensive income | $ | 10,109 |  |  | $ | 7,969 |  |  | $ | 764 |

(1)Recorded in Other (expense) income, net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(2)Recorded in Income tax (benefit) expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA (CONTINUED)
DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

| As of September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019
| (in thousands, except share data)
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 54,129 |  |  | $ | 92,792 |
Accounts receivable, net | 59,227 |  |  | 56,417 |
Inventories | 51,568 |  |  | 39,764 |
Other current assets | 5,134 |  |  | 3,574 |
Total current assets | 170,058 |  |  | 192,547 |
Property, equipment and improvements, net | 11,507 |  |  | 13,857 |
Identifiable intangible assets, net | 121,248 |  |  | 30,667 |
Goodwill | 210,135 |  |  | 153,422 |
Deferred tax assets | 389 |  |  | 7,330 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 14,334 |  |  | — |
Other non-current assets | 1,011 |  |  | 875 |
Total assets | $ | 528,682 |  |  | $ | 398,698 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Current portion of long-term debt | $ | 1,972 |  |  | $ | — |
Accounts payable | 28,067 |  |  | 21,183 |
Accrued compensation | 9,372 |  |  | 8,733 |
Unearned revenue | 7,691 |  |  | 5,025 |
Contingent consideration on acquired businesses | 4,228 |  |  | 5,407 |
Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 2,527 |  |  | — |
Other current liabilities | 7,373 |  |  | 4,110 |
Total current liabilities | 61,230 |  |  | 44,458 |
Income taxes payable | 1,958 |  |  | 1,192 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 17,171 |  |  | 261 |
Long-term debt | 58,980 |  |  | — |
Operating lease liabilities | 16,193 |  |  | — |
Other non-current liabilities | 1,650 |  |  | 3,809 |
Total liabilities | 157,182 |  |  | 49,720 |
Commitments and Contingencies (see Note 17) |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $.01 par value; 60,000,000 shares authorized; 35,512,843 and 34,608,003 shares issued | 355 |  |  | 346 |
Additional paid-in capital | 279,741 |  |  | 266,567 |
Retained earnings | 170,330 |  |  | 161,919 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (23,817) |  |  | (25,515) |
Treasury stock, at cost, 6,353,094 and 6,367,428 shares | (55,109) |  |  | (54,339) |
Total stockholders’ equity | 371,500 |  |  | 348,978 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 528,682 |  |  | $ | 398,698 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA (CONTINUED)
DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

|  | Fiscal year ended September 30,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Operating activities: |  | (in thousands)
Net income |  | $ | 8,411 |  |  | $ | 9,958 |  |  | $ | 1,631 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation of property, equipment and improvements |  | 4,545 |  |  | 4,578 |  |  | 3,349 |
Amortization of identifiable intangible assets |  | 14,754 |  |  | 8,818 |  |  | 9,435 |
Stock-based compensation |  | 7,237 |  |  | 5,655 |  |  | 4,854 |
Deferred income tax benefit |  | (3,357) |  |  | (799) |  |  | (376) |
Gain on sale of property, equipment and improvements |  | — |  |  | (4,392) |  |  | (622) |
Change in fair value of contingent consideration |  | (128) |  |  | 1,190 |  |  | 1,377 |
Provision for bad debt and product returns |  | 2,135 |  |  | 635 |  |  | 1,120 |
Provision for inventory obsolescence |  | 2,630 |  |  | 1,874 |  |  | 2,056 |
Other, net |  | 366 |  |  | (156) |  |  | 368 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities (net of acquisitions): |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  | 5,539 |  |  | (6,589) |  |  | (16,004) |
Inventories |  | (11,133) |  |  | (1,062) |  |  | (11,344) |
Other assets |  | (704) |  |  | (866) |  |  | (1,412) |
Income taxes |  | (1,100) |  |  | (103) |  |  | 697 |
Accounts payable |  | 3,205 |  |  | 8,232 |  |  | 2,728 |
Accrued expenses |  | 2,078 |  |  | 1,991 |  |  | (635) |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  | 34,478 |  |  | 28,964 |  |  | (2,778) |
Investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities |  | — |  |  | 4,750 |  |  | 32,032 |
Proceeds from sale of business |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,000 |
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired |  | (136,098) |  |  | — |  |  | (56,258) |
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment |  | — |  |  | 10,096 |  |  | 731 |
Purchase of property, equipment, improvements and certain other intangible assets |  | (899) |  |  | (9,335) |  |  | (1,842) |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities |  | (136,997) |  |  | 5,511 |  |  | (23,337) |
Financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from long-term debt |  | 119,018 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Payments on long-term debt |  | (55,893) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Payments for contingent consideration |  | (4,698) |  |  | (3,748) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from stock option plan transactions |  | 5,902 |  |  | 4,874 |  |  | 5,460 |
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan transactions |  | 1,065 |  |  | 1,058 |  |  | 1,115 |
Taxes paid for net share settlement of share-based payment awards |  | (1,791) |  |  | (1,071) |  |  | (748) |
Net cash provided by financing activities |  | 63,603 |  |  | 1,113 |  |  | 5,827 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  | 253 |  |  | (810) |  |  | 80 |
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |  | (38,663) |  |  | 34,778 |  |  | (20,208) |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |  | 92,792 |  |  | 58,014 |  |  | 78,222 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |  | $ | 54,129 |  |  | $ | 92,792 |  |  | $ | 58,014 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid |  | $ | 3,009 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 10 |
Income taxes paid, net |  | $ | 3,686 |  |  | $ | 2,048 |  |  | $ | 1,235 |
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrual for property, equipment, improvements and certain other intangibles assets |  | $ | (26) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (78) |
Transfer of inventory to property, equipment and improvements |  | $ | (1,363) |  |  | $ | (1,064) |  |  | $ | (2,159) |
Liability related to acquisition of business |  | $ | (5,100) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2,300) |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA (CONTINUED)
DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

For fiscal years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  | Other |  | Total
|  | Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock |  | Paid-In |  | Retained |  | Comprehensive |  | Stockholders’
|  | Shares |  | Par Value |  | Shares |  | Value |  | Capital |  | Earnings |  | Loss |  | Equity
Balances, September 30, 2017 |  | 33,008 |  |  | $ | 330 |  |  | 6,437 |  |  | $ | (54,533) |  |  | $ | 245,528 |  |  | $ | 150,363 |  |  | $ | (22,659) |  |  | $ | 319,029 |
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of ASU 2016-09 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 52 |  |  | (33) |  |  | — |  |  | 19 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,631 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,631 |
Other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (867) |  |  | (867) |
Employee stock purchase plan issuances |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (126) |  |  | 1,065 |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,115 |
Taxes paid for net share settlement of share-based payment awards |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 74 |  |  | (748) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (748) |
Issuance of stock under stock award plans |  | 805 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,452 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,460 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,854 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,854 |
Balances, September 30, 2018 |  | 33,813 |  |  | 338 |  |  | 6,385 |  |  | (54,216) |  |  | 255,936 |  |  | 151,961 |  |  | (23,526) |  |  | 330,493 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,958 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,958 |
Other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,989) |  |  | (1,989) |
Employee stock purchase plan issuances |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (111) |  |  | 948 |  |  | 110 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,058 |
Taxes paid for net share settlement of share-based payment awards |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 93 |  |  | (1,071) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,071) |
Issuance of stock under stock award plans |  | 795 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,866 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,874 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,655 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,655 |
Balances, September 30, 2019 |  | 34,608 |  |  | 346 |  |  | 6,367 |  |  | (54,339) |  |  | 266,567 |  |  | 161,919 |  |  | (25,515) |  |  | 348,978 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,411 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,411 |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,698 |  |  | 1,698 |
Employee stock purchase plan issuances |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (118) |  |  | 1,021 |  |  | 44 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,065 |
Taxes paid for net share settlement of share-based payment awards |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 104 |  |  | (1,791) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,791) |
Issuance of stock under stock award plans |  | 905 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,893 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,902 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,237 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,237 |
Balances, September 30, 2020 |  | 35,513 |  |  | $ | 355 |  |  | 6,353 |  |  | $ | (55,109) |  |  | $ | 279,741 |  |  | $ | 170,330 |  |  | $ | (23,817) |  |  | $ | 371,500 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Business Description
We are a leading global provider of business and mission-critical and IoT connectivity products, services and solutions. We help our customers create next-generation connected products to deploy, monitor and manage critical communications infrastructures and compliance standards in demanding environments with high levels of security and reliability. We have two reportable operating segments: (i) IoT Products & Services; and (ii) IoT Solutions.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Reclassifications
The subcategories within total revenue and total cost of sales were redefined in 2019 into "Product" and "Service". Fiscal 2018 hardware product and services and solutions amounts have been reclassified to conform to our fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019 presentation.
Accounting Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents consist of money market accounts and other highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less. The carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturities of these investments. We maintain our cash and cash equivalents in bank accounts which may exceed federally insured limits at times. We have not experienced any losses in these accounts.
Marketable Securities
Marketable securities previously consisted of certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate bonds and government municipal bonds. All marketable securities were accounted for as available-for-sale and were carried at fair value on our Consolidated Balance Sheets with unrealized gains and losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss within stockholders’ equity. In order to estimate the fair value for each security in our investment portfolio, we obtained quoted market prices and trading activity for each security when available. We obtained relevant information from our investment advisor and, if warranted, we may have reviewed the financial solvency of certain security issuers.
We regularly monitored and evaluated the value of our marketable securities. When assessing marketable securities for other-than-temporary declines in value, we considered several factors. These factors included: how significant the decline in value is as a percentage of the original cost, how long the market value of the investment has been less than its original cost, the underlying factors contributing to a decline in the prices of securities in a single asset class, the performance of the issuer’s stock price in relation to the stock price of its competitors within the industry, expected market volatility, analyst recommendations, the views of external investment managers, any news or financial information that has been released specific to the investee and the outlook for the overall industry in which the issuer operates. If events and circumstances indicate that a decline in the value of a security had occurred and is other-than-temporary, we would record a charge to other income, net.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are stated at the amount we expect to collect. This amount is net of an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments and a reserve for future credit returns and pricing adjustments. The following factors are considered when determining the collectability of specific customer accounts: customer creditworthiness, past transaction history with the customer, and changes in customer payment terms or practices. In addition, overall historical collection experience, current economic industry trends, and a review of the current status of trade accounts receivable are considered when determining the required allowance for doubtful accounts. Based on
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our assessment, we provide for estimated uncollectible amounts through a charge to earnings and a credit to our allowance for doubtful accounts. Balances that remain outstanding after we have used reasonable collection efforts are written off through a charge to the allowance for doubtful accounts and a credit to accounts receivable. Estimated reserves for future credit returns and pricing adjustments are established based on an analysis of historical patterns of credit returns and price adjustments compared to received credit returns and distribution sales for the current period. Estimated reserves for future credit returns and price adjustments are charged against revenue in the same period as the corresponding sales are recorded. Estimated sales returns for our distributor stock rotation program are accounted for under the guidance of Accounting Standard Codification (ASC) 845 Nonmonetary Transactions.
Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Appropriate consideration is given to deterioration, obsolescence and other factors in evaluating net realizable value.
Property, Equipment and Improvements, Net
Property, equipment and improvements are carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided by charges to operations using the straight-line method over the estimated asset useful lives. Furniture and fixtures, purchased software and other equipment are depreciated over a period of three years to ten years. Building improvements and buildings are depreciated over ten years and thirty-nine years, respectively. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset. Long-lived assets to be held and used, such as property, equipment and improvements, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.
Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred, while major renewals and betterments are capitalized. The assets and related accumulated depreciation accounts are adjusted for asset retirements and disposals with the resulting gain or loss included in operations.
Identifiable Intangible Assets
Purchased proven technology, license agreements, covenants not to compete and other identifiable intangible assets are recorded at fair value when acquired in a business acquisition, or at cost when not purchased in a business acquisition. All other identifiable intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of three years to 14.5 years. Useful lives for identifiable intangible assets are estimated at the time of acquisition based on the periods of time from which we expect to derive benefits from the identifiable intangible assets. Amortization of purchased and core technology is included in cost of sales in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Amortization of all other acquired identifiable intangible assets is charged to operating expenses as a component of general and administrative expense.
Identifiable intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that undiscounted expected future cash flows are not sufficient to recover the carrying value amount. Impairment losses, if any, are recorded in the period the impairment is identified. There were no impairments identified in fiscal 2020, 2019 or 2018.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired. Goodwill is quantitatively tested for impairment on an annual basis as of June 30, or more frequently if events or circumstances occur which could indicate impairment.
We have two reportable operating segments, our IoT Products & Services segment and our IoT Solutions segment (see Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements). As a result, we concluded that the IoT Products & Services segment and the IoT Solutions segment constitute separate reporting units for purposes of the ASC 350-20-35 "Goodwill Measurement of Impairment" assessment and both units were tested individually for impairment.
For our quantitative goodwill impairment tests, we determine the estimated fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit is higher than its estimated fair value, then an impairment loss must be recognized for the excess. Fair values for both reporting units were each estimated on a standalone basis using a weighted combination of the income approach and market approach.
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The income approach indicates the fair value of a business based on the value of the cash flows the business or asset can be expected to generate in the future. A commonly used variation of the income approach used to value a business is the discounted cash flow (“DCF”) method. The DCF method is a valuation technique in which the value of a business is estimated on the earnings capacity, or available cash flow, of that business. Earnings capacity represents the earnings available for distribution to stockholders after consideration of the reinvestment required for future growth. Significant judgment is required to estimate the amount and timing of future cash flows for each reporting unit and the relative risk of achieving those cash flows.
The market approach indicates the fair value of a business or asset based on a comparison of the business or asset to comparable publicly traded companies or assets and transactions in its industry as well as our prior acquisitions. This approach can be estimated through the guideline company method. This method indicates fair value of a business by comparing it to publicly traded companies in similar lines of business. After identifying and selecting the guideline companies, we make judgments about the comparability of the companies based on size, growth rates, profitability, risk, and return on investment in order to estimate market multiples. These multiples are then applied to the reporting units to estimate a fair value.
Results of our Fiscal 2020 Annual Impairment Test
We had a total of $157.1 million of goodwill for the IoT Products & Services reporting unit and $49.6 million of goodwill for the IoT Solutions reporting unit as of June 30, 2020. At June 30, 2020, fair value exceeded the carrying value by more than 10% for both reporting units. Implied fair values for both reporting units were each calculated on a standalone basis using a weighted combination of the income approach and market approach. The implied fair values of each reporting unit were added together to get an indicated value of total equity to which a range of indicated value of total equity was derived. This range was compared to the total market capitalization of $338.2 million as of June 30, 2020. This implied a range of control premiums of 17.0% to 29.1%. This range of control premiums fell below the control premiums observed in the last five years in the communications equipment industry. As a result, the market capitalization reconciliation analysis proved support for the reasonableness of the fair values estimated for each individual reporting unit.
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, we assessed various qualitative factors to determine whether or not an additional goodwill impairment assessment was required as of September 30, 2020, and we concluded that no additional impairment assessment was required.
Assumptions and estimates to determine fair values under the income and market approaches are complex and often subjective. They can be affected by a variety of factors. These include external factors such as industry and economic trends. They also include internal factors such as changes in our business strategy and our internal forecasts. Changes in circumstances or a potential event could negatively affect the estimated fair values. We will continue to monitor potential COVID-19 industry and demand impacts as this could potentially affect our cash flows and market capitalization. If our future operating results do not meet current forecasts or if we experience a sustained decline in our market capitalization that is determined to be indicative of a reduction in fair value of one or more of our reporting units, we may be required to record future impairment charges for goodwill.
Contingent Consideration
We measure our contingent consideration liabilities recognized in connection with business combinations at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as defined in ASC 820 "Fair Value Measurement". We used a probability-weighted discounted cash flow approach as a valuation technique to determine the fair value of the contingent consideration on the acquisition date. At each subsequent reporting period, the fair value is re-measured with the change in fair value recognized in general and administrative expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Amounts, if any, paid to the seller in excess of the amount recorded on the acquisition date will be classified as cash flows used in operating activities. Payments to the seller not exceeding the acquisition-date fair value of the contingent consideration will be classified as cash flows used in financing activities.
Warranties
In general, we warrant our hardware products to be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service. The warranty periods generally range from one year to five years. We typically have the option to either repair or replace hardware products we deem defective with regard to material or workmanship. Estimated warranty costs are accrued in the period that the related revenue is recognized based upon an estimated average per unit repair or replacement cost applied to
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the estimated number of units under warranty. These estimates are based upon historical warranty incidents and are evaluated on an ongoing basis to ensure the adequacy of the warranty accrual.
We also warrant our software or firmware incorporated into our products generally for a period of one year and offer to provide a bug fix or software patch within a reasonable period. We have not accrued specifically for this warranty and have not had claims specifically related to software or firmware. We are not responsible for, and do not warrant that, custom software versions, created by OEM customers based upon our software source code, will function in a particular way, will conform to any specifications or are fit for any particular purpose. Further, we do not indemnify these customers from any third-party liability as it relates to or arises from any customization or modifications made by the OEM customer.
Treasury Stock
We record treasury stock at cost. Treasury stock may be acquired from employees for tax withholding purposes related to vesting of restricted stock awards as part of our stock-based compensation program.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize hardware product revenue upon transfer of control of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services.
We determine the amount of revenue to be recognized through application of the following steps:
•identification of the contract, or contracts with a customer;
•identification of the performance obligations in the contract;
•determination of the transaction price;
•allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
•recognition of revenue when or as we satisfy the performance obligations.
Hardware Product Revenue and SmartSense by Digi® Equipment Revenue and Associated Installation Fees
Our hardware product revenue is derived primarily from the sale of wired and wireless hardware products to our distributors and direct/original equipment manufacturer (“Direct/OEM”) customers. Product revenue generally is recognized upon shipment of the product to a customer. Sales to authorized domestic distributors and Direct/OEM customers typically are made with certain rights of return and price adjustment provisions. Estimated reserves for future credit returns and pricing adjustments are established based on an analysis of historical patterns of credit returns and price adjustments compared to received credit returns and distribution sales for the current period. Estimated reserves for future credit returns and price adjustments are charged against revenue in the same period as the corresponding sales are recorded. Material differences between the historical trends used to determine estimated reserves and actual credit returns and pricing adjustments could result in a material change to our consolidated results of operations or financial position. Estimated sales returns for our distributor stock rotation program are accounted for under the guidance of ASC 845 Nonmonetary Transactions.
Equipment revenue from SmartSense by Digi® within our IoT Solutions segment is recognized upon shipment of the equipment to a customer. Installation service charges from these sales are recorded when the product is installed.
Subscription and Support Services Revenue
We derive service revenue from our Digi Remote Manager®, a platform-as-a-service (“PaaS”) offering, whereby customers pay for services consumed based on the number of devices being managed or monitored. This revenue is recognized over the life of the service term and is included in our IoT Products & Services segment.
Digi Support Services revenues are recognized over the life of the support contract and included in our IoT Products & Services segment. Some of Digi Support Services revenue is for training and this revenue is recognized as the services are performed.
Our SmartSense by Digi® subscription revenue is recorded on a monthly basis. These subscriptions are generally in a range from one year to five years, and may contain an evergreen renewal provision. Generally, our subscription renewal charges per month are the same as the original contract term.
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Professional Services Revenue
Professional services revenue is derived from our Digi Wireless Design Services contracts on either on a time-and-materials or a fixed-fee basis. These revenues, which are included in our IoT Products & Services segment are recognized as the services are performed for time-and-materials contracts, or when milestones are achieved and accepted by the customer for fixed-fee contracts.
Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations
From time to time we have contracts from customers with multiple performance obligations. Our hardware products may be combined with our Digi Remote Manager® PaaS offering as well as other support services in an individual contract. Our SmartSense by Digi® revenues typically are derived from contracts with multiple performance obligations. These obligations may include: delivery of monitoring equipment that the customer either purchases out-right or uses while we retain ownership, monitoring services, providing condition alerts of assets being monitored, and recertification of sensor equipment. When we retain ownership of the equipment, we charge an implementation fee to the customer so they can begin using the equipment. In these instances, all revenue derived from the above obligations is recognized over the subscription term of the contract. If the customer purchases the equipment out-right, that portion of the revenue is recognized at the stand-alone selling price at the time the equipment is shipped and all other revenue is recognized over the subscription term of the contract. We have made an accounting policy election to exclude from the measurement of our revenues any sales or similar taxes we collect from customers.
Research and Development
Research and development costs are expensed when incurred. Research and development costs include compensation, allocation of corporate costs, depreciation, utilities, professional services and prototypes. Software and firmware development costs are expensed as incurred until the point that both the technological feasibility and the proven marketability of the product are established. To date, the time period between the establishment of technological feasibility and completion of software development has been short and no significant development costs have been incurred during that period. Accordingly, we have not capitalized any software development costs to date.
Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each year end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Income tax expense is equal to the tax payable for the period and the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities as well as changes in income tax reserves. We maintain valuation allowances unless it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will be realized. Changes in valuation allowances from period to period are included in our tax provision in the period of change. We recognize the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense represents the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant date fair value of the award. This cost must be recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide the service (usually the vesting period).
Foreign Currency Translation
Financial position and results of operations of our international subsidiaries are measured using local currencies as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of these operations are translated at the exchange rates in effect at the end of each reporting period. For our international subsidiaries, our statements of operations accounts are translated at the weighted average rates of exchange prevailing during each reporting period. Translation adjustments arising from the use of differing currency exchange rates from period to period are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders’ equity. Gains and losses on foreign currency exchange transactions, as well as translation gains or losses on transactions denominated in currencies other than an entity’s functional currency, are reflected in the statement of operations. During fiscal 2020, 2019 and
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2018 there were net transaction (losses) gains of $(0.6) million, $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively that were recorded in other income, net. We manage our net asset or net liability position for U.S. dollar accounts in our foreign locations to reduce our foreign currency risk. We have not implemented a formal hedging strategy.
Comprehensive Income
Our comprehensive income is comprised of net income, foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale marketable securities. These items are charged or credited to the accumulated other comprehensive loss account in stockholders’ equity.
Net Income Per Common Share
Basic net income per common share is calculated based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common and potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive common shares of our stock result from common stock options and restricted stock units. We use the treasury stock method to calculate the weighted-average shares used in the diluted earnings per share computation. Under this method the proceeds from exercise of an option, any amount of compensation cost for future service that we have not yet recognized, and the amount of estimated tax benefits that would be recorded in paid-in capital when the option is exercised are assumed to have been used to repurchase shares in the current period.
The following table is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators in the net income per common share calculations (in thousands, except per common share data):

| Fiscal year ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 8,411 |  |  | $ | 9,958 |  |  | $ | 1,631 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |
Denominator basic net income per common share — weighted average shares outstanding | 28,849 |  |  | 27,905 |  |  | 27,083 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |
Stock options and restricted stock units | 697 |  |  | 649 |  |  | 569 |
Denominator diluted net income per common share — adjusted weighted average shares | 29,546 |  |  | 28,554 |  |  | 27,652 |
Net income per common share, basic | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.06 |
Net income per common share, diluted | $ | 0.28 |  |  | $ | 0.35 |  |  | $ | 0.06 |

Because their effect would be anti-dilutive at period end, certain potentially dilutive shares related to stock options to purchase common shares were excluded in the above computation of diluted earnings per share because the options’ exercise prices were greater than the average market price of our common shares. At September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, such excluded stock options were 1,143,411, 744,513 and 925,063, respectively.
Recent Accounting Developments
Adopted
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which provides for comprehensive changes to lease accounting. The standard requires that a lessee recognize a lease obligation liability and a right-to-use asset for virtually all leases, subsequently amortized over the lease term.
We adopted this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, following the modified retrospective application approach that applies the new standard to all applicable leases existing at the date of initial application and not restating comparative periods. We have completed our implementation efforts. These efforts included identification and analysis of our lease portfolio, analysis and evaluation of the new reporting and disclosure requirements of the new guidance, and an evaluation of our lease-
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related processes and internal controls. The adoption of this standard resulted in the recognition of a right-of-use asset included in other non-current assets of approximately $14.1 million. It also resulted in a lease liability of approximately $17.9 million
included in other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities. Both of these were recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheet in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. In adopting the new standard, we elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, as well as the practical expedient not to separate non-lease components from lease components. We also elected the practical expedient to use hindsight in determining the lease term when considering options to extend or terminate a lease, options to purchase the underlying asset, and in assessing the impairment of right-of-use assets. The adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on our Consolidated Statements of Operations or Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. We have identified new and updated existing internal controls and processes to support measurement, recognition and disclosure under this new standard. Such changes were not deemed to be material to our overall system of internal control over financial reporting.
Not Yet Adopted
In August 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement - Disclosure Framework (Topic 820). The updated guidance changes the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. We will adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. We do not expect this standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The amendments in this update replace the incurred loss impairment methodology in current U.S. GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses. This update is intended to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses. We will adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2021, following the modified-retrospective approach. We do not expect this standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
2. ACQUISITIONS
Fiscal 2020 Acquisition
Acquisition of Opengear, Inc.
On December 13, 2019, we completed our acquisition of Opengear, Inc. ("Opengear"), a New Jersey-based provider of secure IT infrastructure products and software. Opengear results are included in our consolidated financial statements within our IoT Products & Services segment.
The terms of the acquisition included an upfront cash payment as well as contingent consideration comprised of future earn-out payments. We funded the closing of the acquisition with cash of $148.1 million comprised of cash on hand and proceeds from our credit facility (see Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements). The earn-out payments are based on revenue performance from Opengear for the twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2019 and ending December 31, 2020. The cumulative amount of these earn-outs for the periods ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2020, will not exceed $5.0 million and $10.0 million, respectively. We paid the first installment of $0.9 million for the period ended December 31, 2019 during the third quarter of fiscal 2020. The fair value of the remaining contingent consideration was $4.2 million at September 30, 2020 (see Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements).
For tax purposes, this acquisition is treated as a stock acquisition. The goodwill therefore is not deductible. We believe this is a complementary acquisition for us as it significantly enhances our IoT Products & Services segment by providing secure, resilient access and automation to critical IT infrastructure.
The Opengear acquisition has been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. This requires, among other things, that assets acquired and liabilities assumed pursuant to the purchase agreement be recognized at fair value as of the acquisition date.
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The following table summarizes the final fair values of Opengear assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date (in thousands):

Cash |  | $ | 148,058 |
Contingent consideration |  | 5,100 |
Total |  | $ | 153,158 |
Fair value of net tangible assets acquired |  | $ | 19,217 |
Identifiable intangible assets: |  |
Customer relationships |  | 79,000 |
Purchased and core technology |  | 18,100 |
Trademarks |  | 8,000 |
Deferred tax liability on identifiable intangible assets |  | (27,401) |
Goodwill |  | 56,242 |
Total |  | $ | 153,158 |

The Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2020 reflects the final allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. Included in the fair value of net tangible assets acquired are $1.4 million of right-of-use assets included in other non-current assets and $1.7 million of lease liability included in other current and non-current liabilities associated with Opengear's operating leases.
The weighted average useful life for all the identifiable intangibles listed above is estimated to be 13.4 years. For purposes of determining fair value, the existing customer relationships identified above are assumed to have a useful life of 14.5 years, purchased and core technology is assumed to have useful life of 9.0 years and trademarks are assumed to have a useful life of 12.0 years. Useful lives for identifiable intangible assets are estimated at the time of acquisition based on the periods of time from which we expect to derive benefits from the identifiable intangible assets. The identifiable intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method. This reflects the pattern in which the assets are expected to be consumed.
Costs directly related to the acquisition of $0.3 million incurred in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 and $2.7 million incurred in fiscal 2020 have been charged directly to operations and are included in general and administrative expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. These acquisition costs include legal, accounting, integration, valuation and investment banking fees.
The following consolidated pro forma information is presented as if the acquisition had occurred on October 1, 2018 (in thousands):

|  |  | Fiscal year ended September 30,
|  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net sales |  |  |  |  | $ | 294,167 |  |  | $ | 308,986 |
Net income |  |  |  |  | $ | 14,366 |  |  | $ | 10,417 |
Net income per share - basic |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 0.37 |
Net income per share - diluted |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.49 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |

Pro forma net income has been adjusted to include interest expense related to debt incurred as a result of the acquisition as well as amortization on the fair value of the intangibles acquired. It also has been adjusted to assume the acquisition-related costs of $3.1 million were incurred as of the first quarter of fiscal 2019.
Given the success of our efforts to rapidly integrate the workforce, customer offerings, technology, and reporting capabilities of Opengear with that of our other components in our IoT Products & Services business, along with the inherent complementary synergies gained from doing so, it is impractical for us to present Opengear specific results otherwise required by GAAP.
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2. ACQUISITIONS (CONTINUED)
Fiscal 2018 Acquisitions
Acquisition of Accelerated Concepts, Inc.
On January 22, 2018, we purchased all the outstanding stock of Accelerated Concepts, Inc. ("Accelerated"), a Tampa-based provider of secure, enterprise-grade, cellular (LTE) networking equipment for primary and backup connectivity applications, for cash of $16.4 million (excluding cash acquired of $0.2 million) and future earn-out payments. Purchase accounting related to the acquisition of Accelerated was finalized during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018.
The earn-out payments were scheduled to be paid in two installments and the payment amount, if any, was to be calculated based on the revenue performance of Accelerated products. The first installment was based on revenues from January 22, 2018 through January 21, 2019 and the second installment was based on revenues from January 22, 2019 through January 21, 2020. If certain revenue thresholds were met, the cumulative amount of these earn-outs could have been $6.5 million. In April 2019, we paid $3.5 million for the first installment. In April 2020, we paid $2.4 million for the remaining contingent consideration (see Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements).
Acquisition of TempAlert LLC
On October 20, 2017, we purchased all the outstanding interests of TempAlert LLC ("TempAlert"), a Boston-based provider of automated, real-time temperature monitoring and task management solutions for cash of $40.7 million (excluding cash acquired of $0.6 million) and future earn-out payments. Purchase accounting related to the acquisition was finalized during the first quarter of fiscal 2019.
The first earn-out payment was scheduled to be paid after December 31, 2018 and the second earn-out payment was scheduled to be paid after December 31, 2019, which was the end of the earn-out periods. No payment was earned for the periods ended December 31, 2018 or December 31, 2019.
3. GOODWILL AND OTHER IDENTIFIABLE INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
Identifiable Intangible Assets, Net
Amortizable identifiable intangible assets, net as of September 30, 2020 and 2019 were comprised of the following (in thousands):

| September 30, 2020 |  | September 30, 2019
| Gross carrying amount |  | Accum. amort. |  | Net |  | Gross carrying amount |  | Accum. amort. |  | Net
Purchased and core technology | $ | 76,011 |  |  | $ | (55,482) |  |  | $ | 20,529 |  |  | $ | 57,699 |  |  | $ | (50,986) |  |  | $ | 6,713 |
License agreements | 112 |  |  | (112) |  |  | — |  |  | 102 |  |  | (74) |  |  | 28 |
Patents and trademarks | 22,836 |  |  | (13,535) |  |  | 9,301 |  |  | 14,577 |  |  | (11,970) |  |  | 2,607 |
Customer relationships | 125,500 |  |  | (34,232) |  |  | 91,268 |  |  | 46,315 |  |  | (25,266) |  |  | 21,049 |
Non-compete agreements | 600 |  |  | (450) |  |  | 150 |  |  | 600 |  |  | (330) |  |  | 270 |
Order backlog | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,800 |  |  | (1,800) |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 225,059 |  |  | $ | (103,811) |  |  | $ | 121,248 |  |  | $ | 121,093 |  |  | $ | (90,426) |  |  | $ | 30,667 |

Amortization expense is included in our Consolidated Statements of Operations in cost of sales and general and administrative expense. Amortization expense in cost of sales includes amortization for purchased and core technology and certain patents and trademarks.
Amortization expense for fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018 was as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal year | Total
2020 | $ | 14,754 |
2019 | $ | 8,818 |
2018 | $ | 9,435 |

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3. GOODWILL AND OTHER IDENTIFIABLE INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (CONTINUED)
Estimated amortization expense for the next five years is as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal year | Total
2021 | $ | 15,558 |
2022 | $ | 14,714 |
2023 | $ | 12,518 |
2024 | $ | 11,815 |
2025 | $ | 8,358 |

Goodwill
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segments are (in thousands):

| IoT Products & Services |  | IoT Solutions |  | Total
Balance on September 30, 2018 | $ | 104,358 |  |  | $ | 50,177 |  |  | $ | 154,535 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (839) |  |  | (274) |  |  | (1,113) |
Balance on September 30, 2019 | $ | 103,519 |  |  | $ | 49,903 |  |  | $ | 153,422 |
Acquisition | 56,242 |  |  | — |  |  | 56,242 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | 604 |  |  | (133) |  |  | 471 |
Balance at September 30, 2020 | $ | 160,365 |  |  | $ | 49,770 |  |  | $ | 210,135 |

No goodwill impairment has been recorded in any period presented.
4. SEGMENT INFORMATION AND MAJOR CUSTOMERS
We have two reportable operating segments for purposes of ASC 280-10-50 “Segment Reporting”: (i) IoT Products & Services and (ii) IoT Solutions. This determination was made by considering both qualitative and quantitative information. The qualitative information included, but was not limited to, the following: the nature of the products and services and customers differ between the two segments, discrete financial information is available through gross profit for both segments and the Chief Operating Decision Maker is reviewing both segments’ financial information (through gross profit) separately to make decisions about the allocation of resources.
IoT Products & Services
Our IoT Products & Services segment is composed of the following communications products and development services:
•Cellular routers;
•OEM Solutions which include Radio frequency ("RF") products which include our Digi XBee® Networking solutions as well as other RF solutions, embedded products which include Digi Connect®, ConnectCore® and Rabbit® embedded systems on module and single board computers;
•Infrastructure management products which include console and serial servers and USB connected products;
•Console Servers which is comprised of our Network Resilience Platform and includes Smart Out-of-Band and NetOps Console Servers managed by our Lighthouse software.
•Digi Wireless Design Services;
•Digi Remote Manager®; and
•Digi Support Services which offers various levels of technical services for development assistance, consulting and training.
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4. SEGMENT INFORMATION AND MAJOR CUSTOMERS (CONTINUED)
IoT Solutions
Our IoT Solutions segment offers wireless temperature and other condition-based monitoring services as well as employee task management services. These solutions are focused on these vertical markets: food service, healthcare (primarily pharmacies) and supply chain. The solutions are marketed as SmartSense by Digi®. We have formed, expanded and enhanced the IoT Solutions segment through acquisition.
We measure our segment results primarily by reference to revenue and gross profit. IoT Solutions revenue includes product, service and subscription revenue. .
Summary operating results for each of our segments were as follows (in thousands):

|  |  |  | Fiscal year ended September 30,
|  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 249,530 |  |  | $ | 215,287 |  |  | $ | 201,506 |
IoT Solutions |  |  |  |  |  | 29,741 |  |  | 38,916 |  |  | 25,387 |
Total revenue |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 279,271 |  |  | $ | 254,203 |  |  | $ | 226,893 |
Gross profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 129,349 |  |  | $ | 100,522 |  |  | $ | 97,895 |
IoT Solutions |  |  |  |  |  | 14,623 |  |  | 18,513 |  |  | 11,159 |
Total gross profit |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 143,972 |  |  | $ | 119,035 |  |  | $ | 109,054 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 11,521 |  |  | $ | 6,102 |  |  | $ | 6,040 |
IoT Solutions |  |  |  |  |  | 7,778 |  |  | 7,294 |  |  | 6,744 |
Total depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 19,299 |  |  | $ | 13,396 |  |  | $ | 12,784 |

Total expended for property, plant and equipment was as follows (in thousands):

| Fiscal year ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
IoT Products & Services | $ | 878 |  |  | $ | 8,863 |  |  | $ | 1,773 |
IoT Solutions | 21 |  |  | 472 |  |  | 69 |
Total expended for property, plant and equipment | $ | 899 |  |  | $ | 9,335 |  |  | $ | 1,842 |

Total assets for each of our segments were as follows (in thousands):

|  | As of September 30,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
IoT Products & Services |  | $ | 387,578 |  |  | $ | 215,651 |
IoT Solutions |  | 86,975 |  |  | 90,255 |
Unallocated* |  | 54,129 |  |  | 92,792 |
Total assets |  | $ | 528,682 |  |  | $ | 398,698 |

*Unallocated consists of cash and cash equivalents.
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4. SEGMENT INFORMATION AND MAJOR CUSTOMERS (CONTINUED)
Net property, equipment and improvements by geographic location were as follows (in thousands):

|  | As of September 30,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
United States |  | $ | 11,297 |  |  | $ | 13,400 |
International, primarily Europe |  | 210 |  |  | 457 |
Total net property, equipment and improvements |  | $ | 11,507 |  |  | $ | 13,857 |

Our U.S. export sales represented 25.1%, 28.5% and 30.1% of revenue for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018. No single customer exceeded 10% of revenue for any of the periods presented. At September 30, 2020, we had one customer, whose accounts receivable balance represented 17.2% of total accounts receivable. At September 30, 2019, we had one customer, whose accounts receivable balance represented 14.7% of total accounts receivable.
5. SALE OF BUILDING
On October 2, 2018, we sold our 130,000 square feet corporate headquarters building in Minnetonka, Minnesota to Minnetonka Leased Housing Associates II, LLLP. The sale price was $10.0 million in cash adjusted for certain selling costs and an escrow for the leaseback of the building for four months. As a result of this sale, we recorded a gain of $4.4 million ($3.4 million net of tax) in the first quarter of fiscal 2019, which is recorded in general and administrative expense. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, we paid $5.8 million for leasehold improvements to build out our new headquarters space. These improvements are being depreciated over 10 years, which is the estimated useful life of the improvements.
6. SELECTED BALANCE SHEET DATA (in thousands)

| As of September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Accounts receivable, net: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | $ | 65,027 |  |  | $ | 60,062 |
Less allowance for doubtful accounts | 3,778 |  |  | 968 |
Less reserve for future credit returns and pricing adjustments | 2,022 |  |  | 2,677 |
Total accounts receivable, net | $ | 59,227 |  |  | $ | 56,417 |
Inventories: |  |  |
Raw materials | $ | 14,009 |  |  | $ | 12,308 |
Work in process | — |  |  | 565 |
Finished goods | 37,559 |  |  | 26,891 |
Total inventories | $ | 51,568 |  |  | $ | 39,764 |
Property, equipment and improvements, net: |  |  |
Land | $ | 570 |  |  | $ | 570 |
Buildings | 2,338 |  |  | 2,338 |
Improvements | 7,844 |  |  | 7,646 |
Equipment | 17,153 |  |  | 17,440 |
Purchased software | 3,770 |  |  | 4,030 |
Furniture and fixtures | 3,236 |  |  | 2,963 |
Subscriber assets | 5,104 |  |  | 3,750 |
Total property, equipment and improvements, gross | 40,015 |  |  | 38,737 |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | 28,508 |  |  | 24,880 |
Total property, equipment and improvements, net | $ | 11,507 |  |  | $ | 13,857 |

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7. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Financial assets and liabilities are classified in the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement: Level 1 (unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities); Level 2 (observable market inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1); and Level 3 (unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data). There were no transfers into or out of our Level 2 financial assets during fiscal 2020.
The following tables provide information by level for financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2020 using:
| Total carrying value at September 30, 2020 |  | Quoted price in active markets (Level 1) |  | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration on acquired business | $ | 4,228 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,228 |
Total liabilities measured at fair value | $ | 4,228 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,228 |

|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2019 using:
| Total carrying value at September 30, 2019 |  | Quoted price in active markets (Level 1) |  | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market | $ | 56,700 |  |  | $ | 56,700 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 56,700 |  |  | $ | 56,700 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration on acquired businesses | $ | 5,407 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,407 |
Total liabilities measured at fair value | $ | 5,407 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,407 |

In connection with the October 2015 acquisition of Bluenica, we may be required to make contingent payments over a period of up to 4 years, subject to achieving specified revenue thresholds for sales of Bluenica products. The fair value of the liability for contingent consideration recognized was $10.4 million upon acquisition. We paid $0.5 million in fiscal 2017, no payments in fiscal 2018, $2.2 million in fiscal 2019 and the final installment of $2.9 million in fiscal 2020.
In connection with the November 2016 acquisition of FreshTemp®, we were required to make a contingent payment after June 30, 2018, for revenue related to specific customer contracts signed by June 30, 2017. The fair value of the liability for consideration recognized upon acquisition was $1.3 million. We made a final payment of $0.2 million during fiscal 2019.
In connection our acquisition of TempAlert, we agreed to make contingent payments for the twelve month periods ending December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2019 based on the total Digi IoT Solutions segment revenue (see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements). The fair value of the liability for contingent consideration was zero upon acquisition. No contingent consideration was earned.
In connection with our acquisition of Accelerated, we agreed to make contingent payments, based upon certain sales thresholds of Accelerated products (see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements). The fair values of the liability for contingent consideration recognized upon acquisition of Accelerated on January 22, 2018 was $2.3 million. We paid the first installment of $3.5 million in fiscal 2019 and the final installment of $2.4 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2020.
In connection with our acquisition of Opengear, we agreed to make contingent payments, based upon certain revenue thresholds (see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements). We paid the first installment of $0.9 million during the third quarter of fiscal 2020. The fair value of the remaining liability for contingent consideration for the acquisition of Opengear was $4.2 million at September 30, 2020.
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7. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONTINUED)
The following table presents a reconciliation of the contingent consideration liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (in thousands):

|  | Fiscal year ended September 30,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
Fair value at beginning of period |  | $ | 5,407 |  |  | $ | 10,065 |
Purchase price contingent consideration |  | 5,100 |  |  | — |
Contingent consideration payments |  | (6,151) |  |  | (5,848) |
Change in fair value of contingent consideration |  | (128) |  |  | 1,190 |
Fair value at end of period |  | $ | 4,228 |  |  | $ | 5,407 |

The change in fair value of contingent consideration reflects our estimate of the probability of achieving the relevant targets and is discounted based on our estimated discount rate. We have estimated the fair value of the contingent consideration at September 30, 2020 based on the probability of achieving the specified revenue thresholds of 72% for Opengear. As of September 30, 2020, contingent consideration associated with the acquisition of Opengear remains subject to future performance through December 31, 2020.
8. INDEBTEDNESS
In connection with our acquisition of Opengear, we entered into a syndicated credit agreement with BMO Harris Bank N.A. ("BMO") on December 13, 2019. This agreement provides us with committed credit facilities (the "Credit Facility") totaling $150 million. The Credit Facility includes: (i) a $50 million term loan (the "Term Loan") and (ii) a $100 million revolving loan (the "Revolving Loan").
Prior to May 4, 2020, borrowings under the Credit Facility bore interest rates based on an underlying variable benchmark plus applicable margin based on our total leverage ("ABR"); this interest rate was reset quarterly. Effective May 4, 2020, borrowings under the Credit Facility bear a variable interest rate of LIBOR plus an applicable margin spread from 3.25% to 1.25%. The amount of the applicable margin spread is a function of our leverage ratio and is reset monthly. In addition to paying interest on the outstanding balance under the Credit Facility, we are required to pay a commitment fee on the non-utilized commitments thereunder which is also reported in interest expense. Our weighted average interest rate at September 30, 2020 was 0.7%.
We also incurred debt issuance costs under the Credit Facility of $2.6 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. These issuance costs are being amortized using the straight-line method over the term of the loan and reported in interest expense.
Amounts under the Term Loan will be repaid in quarterly installments on the last day of each fiscal quarter. Amortization is 5% in the first two years, 7.5% in the next two years and 10% in the final year. The remaining outstanding balance will mature on December 13, 2024. The Revolving Loan is due in a lump sum payment at maturity on December 13, 2024.
The fair values of the Term Loan and Revolving Loan approximated carrying value at September 30, 2020.
The following table is a summary of our long-term indebtedness at September 30, 2020 (in thousands):

Revolving loan |  | $ | 15,000 |
Term loan |  | 48,125 |
Total loans |  | 63,125 |
Less unamortized issuance costs |  | (2,173) |
Less current maturities of long-term debt |  | (1,972) |
Total long-term debt, net of current portion |  | $ | 58,980 |

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8. INDEBTEDNESS (CONTINUED)
The following table is a summary of future maturities of our aggregate long-term debt at September 30, 2020 (in thousands):

2021 |  | $ | 2,500 |
2022 |  | 3,438 |
2023 |  | 3,750 |
2024 |  | 4,687 |
2025 |  | 48,750 |
Total long-term debt |  | $ | 63,125 |

Covenants and Security Interest
The agreements governing the Credit Facility contain a number of covenants. Among other thing, these covenants require us to maintain certain financial ratios (net leverage ratio and minimum fixed charge ratio). At September 30, 2020, we were in compliance with our debt covenants. Amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility are secured by substantially all of our assets.
Paycheck Protection Program Loan
On April 14, 2020, we were granted a loan for $9.0 million under the Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") established as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act"). Based on our evaluation of additional rules for the PPP established after the grant acceptance, on May 4, 2020 we voluntarily repaid the full amount of the loan of $9.0 million, plus interest.
9. PRODUCT WARRANTY OBLIGATION
The following table summarizes the activity associated with the product warranty accrual (in thousands) and is listed on our Consolidated Balance Sheets within current liabilities:

| Balance at |  | Warranties |  | Settlements |  | Balance at
Fiscal year | October 1 |  | accrued |  | made |  | September 30
2020 | $ | 1,012 |  |  | $ | 666 |  |  | $ | (736) |  |  | $ | 942 |
2019 | $ | 1,172 |  |  | $ | 305 |  |  | $ | (465) |  |  | $ | 1,012 |
2018 | $ | 987 |  |  | $ | 759 |  |  | $ | (574) |  |  | $ | 1,172 |

10. LEASES
All of our leases are operating leases and primarily consist of leases for office space. For any lease with an initial term in excess of twelve months, the related lease assets and lease liabilities are recognized on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as either operating or financing leases at the inception of an agreement where it is determined that a lease exists. We have lease agreements that contain both lease and non-lease components. We have elected to combine lease and non-lease components for all classes of assets. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Instead we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Operating lease assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments. These assets and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future payments over the lease term at the commencement date. We generally use a collateralized incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the commencement date, including the lease term, in determining the present value of future payments. When determining our right-of-use asset, we generally do not include options to extend or terminate the lease unless it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised.
Our leases typically require payment of real estate taxes and common area maintenance and insurance. These components comprise the majority of our variable lease cost and are excluded from the present value of our lease obligations. Fixed payments may contain predetermined fixed rent escalations. We recognize the related rent expense on a straight-line basis from the commencement date to the end of the lease term.
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10. LEASES (CONTINUED)
The following table shows the supplemental balance sheet information related to our leases (in thousands):

|  | Balance Sheet Location |  | September 30, 2020
Assets |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  | Other non-current assets |  | $ | 14,334 |
Total lease assets |  |  |  | $ | 14,334 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  | Other current liabilities |  | $ | 2,527 |
Operating leases |  | Other non-current liabilities |  | 16,193 |
Total lease liabilities |  |  |  | $ | 18,720 |

The following were the components of our lease cost (in thousands):

| Statement of Operations Location |  |  |  | Fiscal year ended September 30, 2020
Operating lease cost | Cost of goods sold and SG&A |  |  |  | $ | 3,341 |
Variable lease cost | Cost of goods sold and SG&A |  |  |  | 744 |
Short-term lease cost | Cost of goods sold and SG&A |  |  |  | 175 |
Total lease cost |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,260 |

The following table presents supplemental information related to operating leases (in thousands):

|  | Fiscal year ended September 30, 2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 2,893 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 1,073 |

|  | September 30, 2020
Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases |  | 5.6 years
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases |  | 4.80 | %

The table below reconciles the undiscounted cash flows for each of the first five years as well as all the remaining years to the operating lease liabilities recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2020 (in thousands):

Fiscal year |  | Amount
2021 |  | $ | 3,335 |
2022 |  | 2,932 |
2023 |  | 2,669 |
2024 |  | 2,452 |
2025 |  | 2,348 |
Thereafter |  | 9,219 |
Total future undiscounted lease payments |  | 22,955 |
Less imputed interest |  | (4,235) |
Total reported lease liability |  | $ | 18,720 |

In July 2020, we signed a lease agreement for ten years in Sandy, Utah. We have $4.8 million of future minimum lease obligations under this new lease for 35,466 square feet of office space. Included in this agreement is $1.0 million of tenant improvement allowance. This agreement is not included on our Consolidated Balance Sheet nor in the above table as the lessor has not made the underlying asset available for use.
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10. LEASES (CONTINUED)
As follows, aggregate annual future minimum rental commitments under operating leases with noncancelable terms of more than one year at September 30, 2019 were reported under previous lease accounting standards (in thousands):

Fiscal year |  | Amount
2020 |  | $ | 2,596 |
2021 |  | 2,575 |
2022 |  | 2,314 |
2023 |  | 2,056 |
2024 |  | 2,095 |
Thereafter |  | 11,361 |
Total minimum payments required |  | $ | 22,997 |

11. RESTRUCTURING
2020 Restructuring
In second quarter of fiscal 2020, we recorded and re-aligned our product management group within IoT Products & Services segment and eliminated two employment positions. We recorded $38 thousand for employee termination charges. This was fully paid during the second quarter of fiscal 2020.
In the third quarter of fiscal 2020, we recorded $95 thousand of restructuring for employee termination charges primarily within our IoT Solutions segment. This resulted in the elimination of 22 employment positions. This restructuring was completed in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020.
Manufacturing Transition
As announced in April 2018, we transferred the manufacturing functions of our Eden Prairie, Minnesota operations facility to existing contract manufacture suppliers. As a result, 53 employment positions in total were eliminated, resulting in restructuring charges amounting to approximately $0.5 million for employee costs during the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2018 in our IoT Product and Services segment. The payments associated with these charges were completed in the first half of fiscal 2019.
2017 Restructuring
In May 2017, we approved a restructuring plan primarily impacting our France location, which is now closed. We also eliminated certain employment positions in the U.S. The restructuring was the result of a decision to consolidate our France operations to our Europe, Middle East and Africa ("EMEA") headquarters in Munich. The total restructuring charges amounted to $2.5 million in fiscal 2017, which included $2.3 million of employee costs and $0.2 million of contract termination costs during the third quarter of fiscal 2017 in our IoT Product and Services segment. These actions resulted in an elimination of 10 employment positions in the U.S. and 8 employment positions in France. The payments associated with these charges were completed during the first half of fiscal 2019.
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11. RESTRUCTURING (CONTINUED)
Below is a summary of the restructuring charges and other activity within the restructuring accrual (in thousands):

| 2020 Restructuring |  | Manufacturing Transition |  | 2017 Restructuring |  |
| Employee Termination Costs |  | Employee Termination Costs |  | Employee Termination Costs |  | Other |  | Total
Balance at September 30, 2017 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,528 |  |  | $ | 128 |  |  | $ | 1,656 |
Restructuring charge | — |  |  | 504 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 504 |
Payments | — |  |  | (357) |  |  | (1,035) |  |  | (161) |  |  | (1,553) |
Reversals | — |  |  | — |  |  | (244) |  |  | 41 |  |  | (203) |
Foreign currency fluctuation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 49 |
Balance at September 30, 2018 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 147 |  |  | $ | 293 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 453 |
Payments | — |  |  | (108) |  |  | (233) |  |  | (18) |  |  | (359) |
Reversals | — |  |  | (39) |  |  | (53) |  |  | 5 |  |  | (87) |
Foreign currency fluctuation | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7) |  |  | — |  |  | (7) |
Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Restructuring charge | 133 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 133 |
Payments | (117) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (117) |
Reversals | (16) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16) |
Balance at September 30, 2020 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

12. REVENUE
Revenue Disaggregation
The following summarizes our revenue by geographic location of our customers:

| Fiscal year ended September 30,
($ in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
North America, primarily the United States | $ | 213,487 |  |  | $ | 184,022 |  |  | $ | 161,924 |
Europe, Middle East & Africa | 40,076 |  |  | 39,896 |  |  | 39,211 |
Rest of world | 25,708 |  |  | 30,285 |  |  | 25,758 |
Total revenue | $ | 279,271 |  |  | $ | 254,203 |  |  | $ | 226,893 |

The following summarizes our revenue by the timing of revenue recognition:

| Fiscal year ended September 30,
($ in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Transferred at a point in time | $ | 253,371 |  |  | $ | 231,387 |  |  | $ | 212,448 |
Transferred over time | 25,900 |  |  | 22,816 |  |  | 14,445 |
Total revenue | $ | 279,271 |  |  | $ | 254,203 |  |  | $ | 226,893 |

Contract Balances
Contract Assets
Contract assets consist of subscriber assets. These subscriber assets relate to fees in certain contracts that we charge our customers so they can begin using equipment. In these cases, we retain the ownership of the equipment that the customer uses. The total net book value of subscriber assets was $2.0 million at September 30, 2020 and $2.1 million at September 30, 2019 and is included in property, equipment and improvements, net. Depreciation expense for these subscriber assets was
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12. REVENUE (CONTINUED)
$1.5 million, $1.1 million and $0.5 million for fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. We depreciate the cost of this equipment over its useful life (typically three years).
Contract Liabilities
The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Customers are invoiced for subscription services in advance on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis. Contract liabilities consist of unearned revenue related to annual or multi-year contracts for subscription services and related implementation fees for our IoT Solutions segment and our Digi Remote Manager® services in our IoT Products & Services segment.
Changes in unearned revenue were:

|  | Fiscal year ended September 30,
($ in thousands) |  | 2020
Unearned revenue, beginning of period |  | $ | 5,025 |
Billings |  | 35,213 |
Revenue recognized |  | (30,897) |
Unearned revenue, end of period |  | $ | 9,341 |

Remaining Transaction Price
Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not been recognized, which includes unearned revenue and unbilled amounts that will be recognized as revenue in future periods. As of September 30, 2020 approximately $14.0 million of revenue is expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations for subscriptions contracts. We expect to recognize revenue on approximately $10.0 million of remaining performance obligations over the next twelve months. Revenue from the remaining performance obligations we expect to recognize over a range of two years to seven years.
13. INCOME TAXES
The components of income before income taxes are (in thousands):

| Fiscal year ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
United States | $ | 3,756 |  |  | $ | 7,981 |  |  | $ | (2,427) |
International | 3,707 |  |  | 3,164 |  |  | 5,677 |
Income before income taxes | $ | 7,463 |  |  | $ | 11,145 |  |  | $ | 3,250 |

The components of the income tax (benefit) expense are (in thousands):

| Fiscal year ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Current: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 709 |  |  | $ | 950 |  |  | $ | 526 |
State | 572 |  |  | 290 |  |  | 57 |
Foreign | 1,128 |  |  | 746 |  |  | 1,412 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |
U.S. | (2,911) |  |  | (825) |  |  | (536) |
Foreign | (446) |  |  | 26 |  |  | 160 |
Income tax (benefit) expense | $ | (948) |  |  | $ | 1,187 |  |  | $ | 1,619 |

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
13. INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
Net deferred tax (liability) asset consists of (in thousands):

| As of September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Non-current deferred tax asset | $ | 389 |  |  | $ | 7,330 |
Non-current deferred tax liability | (17,171) |  |  | (261) |
Net deferred tax (liability) asset | $ | (16,782) |  |  | $ | 7,069 |
Depreciation and amortization | $ | (1,037) |  |  | $ | (480) |
Lease asset | (3,415) |  |  | — |
Lease liability | 4,477 |  |  | — |
Inventories | 979 |  |  | 536 |
Compensation costs | 3,698 |  |  | 3,675 |
Other accruals | 3,985 |  |  | 3,870 |
Tax credit carryforwards | 6,021 |  |  | 4,911 |
Valuation allowance | (4,372) |  |  | (3,810) |
Identifiable intangible assets | (27,118) |  |  | (1,633) |
Net deferred tax (liability) asset | $ | (16,782) |  |  | $ | 7,069 |

As of September 30, 2020, we had $3.1 million of tax carryforwards (net of reserves) related to federal and state research and development tax credits. We also had $2.9 million of carryforwards consisting of a U.S. capital loss of $2.6 million, non-U.S. net operating losses of $0.2 million and foreign tax credits of $0.1 million. The majority of our federal research and development tax credits have a 20-year carryforward period. The state research and development tax credits have a 15-year carryforward period. The majority of our non-U.S. net operating losses have an unlimited carryforward period. Our non-U.S. tax credit carryforwards will expire in 2034. Our U.S. capital loss carryforward will expire in fiscal tax year 2021.
Our valuation allowance for certain U.S. and foreign locations was $4.4 million at September 30, 2020 and $3.8 million at September 30, 2019. The increase in valuation allowance is primarily the result of prior period adjustments to the valuation allowance and state research and development credits generated. The deferred tax assets realized could vary if there are differences in the timing or amount of future reversals of existing deferred tax liabilities or changes in the amounts of future taxable income. If future taxable income projections are not realized, an additional valuation allowance may be required. This would be reflected as income tax expense at the time that any such change in future taxable income is determined.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
13. INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
The reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax amount to our income tax (benefit) expense is (in thousands):

| Fiscal year ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Statutory income tax amount | $ | 1,567 |  |  | $ | 2,341 |  |  | $ | 809 |
Increase (decrease) resulting from: |  |  |  |  |
State taxes, net of federal benefits | 392 |  |  | 196 |  |  | (71) |
Manufacturing deduction | — |  |  | — |  |  | (364) |
Transaction costs | 143 |  |  | — |  |  | 79 |
Employee stock purchase plan | 127 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 56 |
Foreign operations | 431 |  |  | 225 |  |  | 318 |
Non-deductible executive compensation | 115 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 27 |
Change in valuation allowance | 173 |  |  | 520 |  |  | (994) |
Utilization of research and development tax credits | (2,881) |  |  | (2,173) |  |  | (1,971) |
One-time transition tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | 250 |
Deferred balance sheet remeasure | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 2,727 |
ASU 2016-09 excess stock compensation | (673) |  |  | (56) |  |  | 643 |
Contingent consideration | (27) |  |  | 250 |  |  | 388 |
Changes from provision to return | (111) |  |  | (511) |  |  | (554) |
Adjustment of tax contingency reserves | 151 |  |  | 146 |  |  | 193 |
U.S. deduction for foreign export sales | (355) |  |  | (146) |  |  | — |
Global intangible low-taxed income | 31 |  |  | 162 |  |  | — |
Other, net | (31) |  |  | (6) |  |  | 83 |
Income tax (benefit) expense | $ | (948) |  |  | $ | 1,187 |  |  | $ | 1,619 |

The Tax Cuts & Jobs Act of 2017 was enacted in the U.S. on December 22, 2017. We applied the guidance in Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") 118 when accounting for the enactment-date income tax effects of this act in fiscal 2018. At September 30, 2018 we had not fully completed our accounting for the enactment effects of this act. We, however, had recorded a provisional estimate of the tax expense related to the effects on our existing deferred tax balances and the one-time transition tax which totaled $3.0 million in fiscal 2018. In the first quarter of fiscal 2019 we completed our accounting for the enactment date income tax effects of this act, and there were no significant adjustments to the provisional amounts recorded in fiscal 2018. In addition, certain provisions of this act became effective for us in fiscal 2019. The estimated tax impacts of these provisions are included in our effective tax rate for the current period.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is (in thousands):

| Fiscal year ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of fiscal year | $ | 1,713 |  |  | $ | 1,561 |  |  | $ | 1,335 |
Increases related to: |  |  |  |  |
Prior year income tax positions | 756 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 39 |
Current year income tax positions | 425 |  |  | 314 |  |  | 315 |
Decreases related to: |  |  |  |  |
Prior year income tax positions | — |  |  | (34) |  |  | — |
Settlements | (7) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Expiration of statute of limitations | (287) |  |  | (137) |  |  | (128) |
Unrecognized tax benefits at end of fiscal year | $ | 2,600 |  |  | $ | 1,713 |  |  | $ | 1,561 |

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
13. INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits ("UTB") at September 30, 2020 that, if recognized, would affect our effective tax rate was $2.4 million. We expect that it is reasonably possible that the total amounts of UTB will decrease by approximately $0.1 million over the next 12 months due to the expiration of various statutes of limitations. Of the $2.6 million of UTB, $1.9 million is included in non-current income taxes payable and $0.7 million is included with non-current deferred tax assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2020.
We recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. During fiscal 2020 and 2019, there were insignificant amounts of interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. We accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits of $0.1 million at both September 30, 2020 and 2019. These accrued interest and penalties are included in our non-current income taxes payable on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
We operate in multiple tax jurisdictions both in the U.S. and outside of the U.S. and face audits from various tax authorities regarding transfer pricing, tax credits, and other matters. Accordingly we must determine the appropriate allocation of income to each of these jurisdictions. This determination requires us to make several estimates and assumptions. Tax audits associated with the allocation of this income, and other complex issues, may require an extended period of time to resolve and may result in adjustments to our income tax balances in those years that are material to our Consolidated Balance Sheets and results of operations.
We file a U.S. federal income tax return and income tax returns in various states and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to state and local or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before fiscal year 2016. We are currently under U.S. federal examination for fiscal years 2017 and 2018, and there is very limited audit activity of our income tax returns in U.S. state jurisdictions or international jurisdictions.
At September 30, 2020, the majority of undistributed foreign earnings are taxed under the one time transition tax and the global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") provision of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Additionally, the previously un-taxed accumulated undistributed foreign earnings from prior fiscal years are still permanently reinvested and, as such, we have not accrued additional U.S. tax. It is our position that the earnings of our foreign subsidiaries are to be reinvested indefinitely to fund current operations and provide for future international expansion opportunities and only repatriate earnings to the extent that U.S. taxes have already been recorded. As of September 30, 2020, we are permanently reinvested with respect to previously non-taxed accumulated earnings in all jurisdictions.
Although we have no current need to repatriate historical foreign earnings that have not been taxed in the U.S., if we change our assertion from indefinitely reinvesting undistributed foreign earnings, we would have to accrue applicable taxes. The amount of any taxes and the application of any tax credits would be determined based on the income tax laws at the time of such repatriation. Under current tax law, we estimate the unrecognized tax liability to be immaterial.
14. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock-based awards were granted under the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2020 Plan") beginning January 29, 2020. Prior to that date such awards made in fiscal 2020 were granted under the 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2019 Plan"). Upon stockholder approval of the 2020 Plan, we ceased granting awards under the 2019 Plan. Shares subject to awards under the 2019 Plan or any prior plans that are forfeited, canceled, returned to us for failure to satisfy vesting requirements, settled in cash or otherwise terminated without payment also will be available for grant under the 2020 Plan. The authority to grant options under the 2020 Plan and to set other terms and conditions rests with the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.
The 2020 Plan authorizes the issuance of up to 1,500,000 common shares in connection with awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance-based full value awards or other stock-based awards. Eligible participants include our employees, our affiliates, non-employee directors of our Company and any consultant or advisor who is a natural person and provides services to us or our affiliates. Options that have been granted under the 2020 Plan typically vest over a four-year period and will expire if unexercised after seven years from the date of grant. Restricted stock unit awards ("RSUs") that have been granted to directors typically vest in one year. RSUs that have been granted to executives and employees typically vest in January over a four-year period. The 2020 Plan is scheduled to expire on January 28, 2030. Options under the 2020 Plan can be granted as either incentive stock options or non-statutory stock options. The exercise price of options and the grant date price of RSUs is determined by our Compensation Committee but will not be less than the fair market value of our common stock based on the closing price as of the date of grant. Upon exercise of options or settlement of vested restricted stock units, we issue new shares of stock. As of September 30, 2020, there were approximately 1,209,150 shares available for future grants under the 2020 Plan.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
14. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
The 2019 Plan, under which grants ceased upon approval of the 2020 Plan, authorized the issuance of up to 1,500,000 common shares in connection with awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance-based full value awards or other stock-based awards. Eligible participants included our employees, our affiliates, non-employee directors of our Company and any consultant or advisor who is a natural person and provided services to us or our affiliates. Options that have been granted under the 2019 Plan typically vested over a four-year period and expired if unexercised after seven years from the date of grant. RSUs that were granted to directors typically vested in one year. RSUs that were granted to executives and employees typically vested in December over a four-year period. Awards may no longer be granted under the 2019 Plan as grants ceased upon approval of the 2020 Plan effective January 29, 2020 at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders. The exercise price of options and the grant date price of restricted stock units was determined by our Compensation Committee but could be less than the fair market value of our common stock based on the closing price on the date of grant.
Our equity plans and corresponding forms of award agreements generally have provisions allowing employees to elect to satisfy tax withholding obligations through the delivery of shares, having us retain a portion of shares issuable under the award or paying cash to us for the withholding. During fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018 our employees forfeited 103,492, 93,128 and 74,204 shares, respectively in order to satisfy $1.8 million, $1.1 million and $0.7 million, respectively, of withholding tax obligations related to stock-based compensation, pursuant to terms of awards under our board and shareholder-approved compensation plans.
We sponsor an Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended and restated as of December 10, 2019, October 29, 2013, December 4, 2009 and November 27, 2006 (the "Purchase Plan"), covering all domestic employees with at least 90 days of continuous service and who are customarily employed at least 20 hours per week. The Purchase Plan allows eligible participants the right to purchase common stock on a quarterly basis at the lower of 85% of the market price at the beginning or end of each three-month offering period. The most recent amendments to the Purchase Plan, ratified by our stockholders on January 29, 2020, increased the total number of shares to 3,425,000 that may be purchased under the plan. Employee contributions to the Purchase Plan were $1.1 million, $1.1 million and $1.1 million in fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Pursuant to the Purchase Plan, 117,826, 111,036, and 125,446 shares of common stock were issued to employees during fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Shares are issued under the Purchase Plan from treasury stock. As of September 30, 2020, 711,714 shares of common stock were available for future issuances under the Purchase Plan.
Stock-based compensation expense is included in the consolidated results of operations as (in thousands):

| Fiscal year ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Cost of sales | $ | 291 |  |  | $ | 174 |  |  | $ | 195 |
Sales and marketing | 2,318 |  |  | 1,708 |  |  | 1,492 |
Research and development | 1,197 |  |  | 996 |  |  | 516 |
General and administrative | 3,431 |  |  | 2,777 |  |  | 2,651 |
Stock-based compensation before income taxes | 7,237 |  |  | 5,655 |  |  | 4,854 |
Income tax benefit | (1,523) |  |  | (1,174) |  |  | (1,017) |
Stock-based compensation after income taxes | $ | 5,714 |  |  | $ | 4,481 |  |  | $ | 3,837 |

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
14. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
Stock Options
Below is a summary of our stock options as of September 30, 2020 and changes during the twelve months then ended (in thousands, except per common share amounts):

|  | Options Outstanding |  | Weighted Average Exercised Price |  | Weighted Average Contractual Term (in years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1)
Balance at September 30, 2019 |  | 3,348 |  |  | $10.85 |  |  |  |
Granted |  | 796 |  |  | 16.56 |  |  |  |
Exercised |  | (583) |  |  | 10.12 |  |  |  |
Forfeited / Canceled |  | (168) |  |  | 13.16 |  |  |  |
Balance at September 30, 2020 |  | 3,393 |  |  | $12.20 |  | 3.9 |  | $ | 12,790 |
Exercisable at September 30, 2020 |  | 2,115 |  |  | $10.80 |  | 2.9 |  | $ | 10,207 |

(1) The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value, based on our closing stock price of $15.63 as of September 30, 2020, which would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options as of that date.
The intrinsic value of an option is the amount by which the fair value of the underlying stock exceeds its exercise price. The total intrinsic value of all options exercised during each of the twelve months ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $3.7 million, $2.1 million and $1.2 million, respectively.
The table below shows the weighted average fair value, which was determined based upon the fair value of each option on the grant date utilizing the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the related assumptions:

| Fiscal year ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Weighted average per option grant date fair value | $ | 6.17 |  |  | $ | 4.48 |  |  | $ | 3.98 |
Assumptions used for option grants: |  |  |  |  |
Risk free interest rate | 0.37% - 1.73% |  | 1.60% - 2.93% |  | 2.12% - 2.89%
Expected term | 6.00 years |  | 6.00 years |  | 6.00 years
Expected volatility | 36% - 44% |  | 33% - 35% |  | 33% - 34%
Weighted average volatility | 36% |  | 34% |  | 33%
Expected dividend yield | 0% |  | 0% |  | 0%

The fair value of each option award granted during the periods presented was estimated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model that uses the assumptions noted in the above table. Expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility of our stock. We use historical data to estimate option exercise and employee termination information within the valuation model. The expected term of options granted is derived from the vesting period and historical information and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate used is the zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bond rate in effect at the time of the grant whose maturity equals the expected term of the option.
As of September 30, 2020, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock-based compensation arrangements, net of expected forfeitures, was $6.0 million. The related weighted average period over which this cost is expected to be recognized was approximately 2.8 years.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
14. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
As of September 30, 2020, the weighted average exercise price and remaining life of the stock options were (in thousands, except remaining life and exercise price):

Options Outstanding |  | Options Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices |  | Options Outstanding |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (In Years) |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Number of Shares Vested |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price
$7.40 - $9.03 |  | 485 |  |  | 2.33 |  | $ | 8.22 |  |  | 485 |  |  | $ | 8.22 |
$9.04 - $10.33 |  | 542 |  |  | 3.61 |  | $ | 10.04 |  |  | 427 |  |  | $ | 9.98 |
$10.35 - $11.23 |  | 602 |  |  | 3.42 |  | $ | 10.94 |  |  | 405 |  |  | $ | 10.86 |
$11.24 - $12.63 |  | 620 |  |  | 3.79 |  | $ | 12.08 |  |  | 448 |  |  | $ | 12.17 |
$12.64 - $13.92 |  | 573 |  |  | 4.48 |  | $ | 13.65 |  |  | 339 |  |  | $ | 13.53 |
$13.93 - $17.94 |  | 536 |  |  | 6.05 |  | $ | 17.62 |  |  | 11 |  |  | $ | 14.75 |
$17.95 - $18.20 |  | 35 |  |  | 6.14 |  | $ | 18.20 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
$7.40 - $18.20 |  | 3,393 |  |  | 3.98 |  | $ | 12.20 |  |  | 2,115 |  |  | $ | 10.80 |

The total grant date fair value of shares vested was $3.7 million, $3.5 million and $3.3 million in each of fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Non-vested Restricted Stock Units
Below is a summary of our non-vested restricted stock units as of September 30, 2020 and changes during the twelve months then ended (in thousands, except per common share amounts):

| Number of Awards |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at September 30, 2019 | 888 |  |  | $ | 11.65 |
Granted | 516 |  |  | $ | 14.86 |
Vested | (322) |  |  | $ | 11.78 |
Canceled | (110) |  |  | $ | 12.53 |
Nonvested at September 30, 2020 | 972 |  |  | $ | 13.20 |

As of September 30, 2020, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock units was $9.6 million. The related weighted average period over which this cost is expected to be recognized was approximately 1.4 years.
15. COMMON STOCK REPURCHASE
Common Stock Repurchase Program
On April 24, 2018 our Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $20.0 million of our common stock primarily to return capital to shareholders. This repurchase authorization expired on May 1, 2019. There were no shares repurchased under this program.
16. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
We currently have a savings and profit sharing plan pursuant to Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code (the Code), whereby eligible employees may contribute up to 25% of their pre-tax earnings subject to certain limits under law.
Prior to May 3, 2020, we provided a match of 100% on the first 3% of each employee’s bi-weekly contribution and a 50% match on the next 2% of each employee’s bi-weekly contribution. In addition, we may make contributions to the plan at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Effective May 3, 2020 we indefinitely suspended the employer matching contributions in
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16. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS (CONTINUED)
the United States and Canada. We provided matching contributions of $1.7 million for fiscal 2020, $1.8 million for fiscal 2019 and $1.6 million for fiscal 2018.
17. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Leases
We lease certain of our buildings and equipment under noncancelable lease agreements. Please refer to Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Litigation
In November 2018, DimOnOff Inc., a company headquartered in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (“DimOnOff”), which sells control systems in the building automation and street lighting markets sued us and a former distributor from whom DimOnOff purchased certain of our products. The suit was brought in the Superior Court of the Province of Quebec in the District of Quebec (Canada) and alleges certain Digi products it purchased and incorporated into street lighting systems in a Canadian city were defective causing some of the street lights to malfunction. It alleges damages of just over CAD 1.0 million. We intend to defend ourselves against DimOnOff’s claims. At this time we cannot assess the likelihood or amount of any potential loss.
In addition to the matter discussed above, in the normal course of business, we are subject to various claims and litigation, which may include, but are not limited to, patent infringement and intellectual property claims. While we are unable to predict the outcome of any potential claims or litigation due to the inherent unpredictability of these matters, we believe that it is possible that we could, in the future, incur judgments or enter into settlements of claims that could have a material adverse effect on our operations in any particular period.
18. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except per common share data)

| Quarter ended
| Dec. 31 |  | March 31 |  | June 30 |  | Sept. 30
Fiscal 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue | $ | 62,317 |  |  | $ | 73,447 |  |  | $ | 70,338 |  |  | $ | 73,169 |
Gross profit | $ | 30,464 |  |  | $ | 38,641 |  |  | $ | 37,349 |  |  | $ | 37,518 |
Net income (1) | $ | 208 |  |  | $ | 2,004 |  |  | $ | 1,766 |  |  | $ | 4,433 |
Net income per common share - basic | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | 0.07 |  |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 0.15 |
Net income per common share - diluted | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | 0.07 |  |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 0.15 |
Fiscal 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue | $ | 62,313 |  |  | $ | 65,764 |  |  | $ | 61,166 |  |  | $ | 64,960 |
Gross profit | $ | 29,783 |  |  | $ | 30,329 |  |  | $ | 28,328 |  |  | $ | 30,595 |
Net income | $ | 4,682 |  |  | $ | 1,342 |  |  | $ | 1,648 |  |  | $ | 2,286 |
Net income per common share - basic | $ | 0.17 |  |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 0.08 |
Net income per common share - diluted | $ | 0.17 |  |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 0.08 |

(1)During fiscal 2020, we recorded a discrete tax benefit of $1.0 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 resulting from excess tax benefits recognized on stock compensation and an adjustment of our state deferred tax rate due to the Opengear acquisition.
19. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Restructuring
On October 7, 2020, our Board of Directors approved a reorganization of our IoT Products & Services business segment ("the plan"). The plan aligns the business segment's organization around product lines. Under the plan, we expect to eliminate
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19. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (CONTINUED)
approximately 20 employment positions during the first quarter ending December 31, 2020. In connection with the plan, we expect to incur total restructuring charges in the range of $0.8 million to $0.9 million relating to cash severance expenses during the first fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2020.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes the certifications attached as Exhibit 31.A and Exhibit 31.B of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). This Item 9A includes information concerning the controls and control evaluations referred to in those certifications.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2020. Based on their evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2020, our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d - 15(e) under the Security Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) were effective and provide reasonable assurance on the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of Digi's financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2020.
On December 13, 2019, we completed our acquisition of Opengear. As permitted for recently acquired businesses, management has excluded this business from our assessment of internal control over financial reporting. This excluded business represents total assets and revenues constituting 34% and 19%, respectively, of our related consolidated financial statement amounts for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020. We will be required to include them in our assessment beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2021.
In making this assessment, management used the framework set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO") in Internal Control–Integrated Framework (2013). Based on this assessment, management concluded that Digi's internal control over financial reporting was effective as of September 30, 2020 based on Internal Control–Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2020 has been audited by Grant Thornton LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is included herein.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Board of Directors and Shareholders
Digi International Inc.
Opinion on internal control over financial reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Digi International Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of September 30, 2020, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2020, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by COSO.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended September 30, 2020, and our report dated November 25, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
Basis for opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting (“Management’s Report”). Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Our audit of, and opinion on, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting does not include the internal control over financial reporting of Opengear, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary, whose financial statements reflect total assets and revenues constituting 34% and 19%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended September 30, 2020. As indicated in Management’s Report, Opengear, Inc. was acquired during the year ended September 30, 2020. Management’s assertion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting excluded internal control over financial reporting of Opengear, Inc.
Definition and limitations of internal control over financial reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
Minneapolis, Minnesota
November 25, 2020
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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III.
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Incorporated into this item by reference is the information appearing under the headings "Proposal No. 1 - Election of Directors", "Security Ownership of Principal Stockholders and Management" and, if applicable, "Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports" in our Proxy Statement for our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders we intend to file with the SEC (the "Proxy Statement").
Information about our Executive Officers
As of the date of filing this Form 10-K, the following individuals were executive officers of the Registrant:

Name |  | Age |  | Position
Ronald E. Konezny |  | 52 |  | President and Chief Executive Officer
James J. Loch |  | 48 |  | Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Kevin C. Riley |  | 59 |  | President, IoT Solutions
Tracy L. Roberts |  | 58 |  | Vice President of Technology Services
David H. Sampsell |  | 52 |  | Vice President of Corporate Development, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary
Terrence G. Schneider |  | 54 |  | Vice President Supply Chain Management

Ronald E. Konezny has served as a member of our Board of Directors and as our President and Chief Executive Officer since December 2014. From 2013 to December 2014, he served as Vice President, Global Transportation and Logistics at Trimble Navigation Limited, a global provider of navigation and range-finding equipment and related solutions. From 2011 to 2013, he served as General Manager of Trimble’s Global Transportation and Logistics division. From 2007 to 2013, he served as Chief Executive Officer of PeopleNet, Inc., a provider of telematics solutions for the transportation industry, which was acquired by Trimble in 2011. Mr. Konezny founded PeopleNet in 1996 and served in various other roles, including Chief Technology Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer, before serving as its Chief Executive Officer.
James J. Loch has served as Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since May 2019. Prior to joining us, Mr. Loch most recently served as Senior Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial officer of Nilfisk, Inc., a Denmark-owned company based in Minneapolis that manufactures professional cleaning equipment, from May 2016 to February 2019. From May 2015 to May 2016, he was an independent consultant focused on projects including due diligence, business planning, back office reorganization and product research. Previously, he served at Honeywell Building Solutions, a division of Honeywell International, as Chief Financial Officer (Americas) from 2008 to 2012 and then as Vice President — Sales from 2012 to May 2015.
Kevin C. Riley has served as President, IoT Solutions since November 2018 and previously served as Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer between January 2016 and October 2018 and prior to that he served as Senior Vice President of Global Sales between 2013 and January 2016. Prior to joining us, Mr. Riley served as Senior Vice President - Global Markets for Infor Global Solutions, an enterprise software solutions company, where he led four global business units to profitable growth from 2010 to 2011. He served as Vice President and General Manager at Oracle, an enterprise software company, from 2008 to 2010, and President of Global Knowledge Software from 2002 until Global Knowledge Software's acquisition by Oracle in 2008. He also served as President and Chief Operating Officer for Learn2 Corporation from 1999 to 2002.
Tracy L. Roberts has served as Vice President of Information Technology since 2005 and Vice President of Technology Services since 2013. She also previously served as Vice President of Human Resources from 2005 until May 2016. Prior to joining us, Ms. Roberts served as Director of Human Resources at Novartis Nutrition Corporation where she was responsible for the medical nutritional business unit. Ms. Roberts held various human resource and marketing positions at Cray Research (now known as Silicon Graphics) from 1983 to 1996.
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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (CONTINUED)
David H. Sampsell has served as Vice President of Corporate Development, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary since January 2015. He had previously served as Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary since 2011. Prior to joining us, Mr. Sampsell worked as corporate counsel at ADC Telecommunications, Inc., a supplier of network infrastructure products and services, from 1999 until 2011. Prior to joining ADC, Mr. Sampsell was an attorney in private practice with Leonard, Street and Deinard, P.A. from 1996 to 1999 and Moore & Van Allen, PLLC from 1993 to 1996.
Terrence G. Schneider has served as Vice President of Supply Chain Management since February 2019. From June 2016 to February 2019, he served as Vice President of Product Management. Prior to joining us, Terry held several senior-level leadership positions at PeopleNet, Inc. from 2009 to 2011 and the transportation and logistics business unit of Trimble Navigation Limited, PeopleNet's parent company from 2012 to June 2016 where he served as Vice President Supply Chain.
Code of Ethics/Code of Conduct
We have in place a "code of ethics" within the meaning of Rule 406 of Regulation S-K, which is applicable to our senior financial management, including specifically our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and controller. A copy of this financial code of ethics is available on our website (www.digi.com) under the "Company - Investor Relations - Corporate Governance" caption. We intend to satisfy our disclosure obligations regarding any amendment to, or a waiver from, a provision of this code of ethics by posting such information on the same website. We also have a "code of conduct" that applies to all directors, officers and employees, a copy of which is available through our website (www.digi.com) under the "Company - Investor Relations - Corporate Governance" caption.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Incorporated into this item by reference is the information appearing under the heading "Compensation of Directors," "Executive Compensation," and the information regarding compensation committee interlocks and insider participation under the heading "Proposal No. 1 - Election of Directors" in our Proxy Statement.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Incorporated into this item by reference is the information appearing under the headings "Security Ownership of Principal Stockholders and Management" and "Equity Compensation Plan Information" in our Proxy Statement.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Incorporated into this item by reference is the information regarding director independence under the heading "Proposal No. 1 - Election of Directors" and the information regarding related person transactions under the heading "Related Person Transaction Approval Policy" on our Proxy Statement.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Incorporated into this item by reference is the information under "Proposal No. 3 - Ratification of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" in our Proxy Statement.
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PART IV.
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a) Consolidated Financial Statement and Schedules of Digi (filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K)
1. | Consolidated Statements of Operations for fiscal years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for fiscal years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018
| Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2020 and 2019
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for fiscal years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018
| Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for fiscal years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2. | Schedule of Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
3. | Report of Independent Registered Certified Public Accounting Firm

(b) Exhibits
Unless otherwise indicated, all documents incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference to a document filed with the SEC are located under SEC file number 1-34033.
Exhibit Number |  | Description |  | Method of Filing
2 |  | (a) |  | Equity Purchase Agreement with Schechter Tech LLC (d/b/a TempAlert LLC) dated as of October 20, 2017* (1) |  | Incorporated by Reference
2 |  | (b) |  | Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among Digi International Inc., Namath Merger Sub. Inc., Opengear, Inc. and Shareholder Representative Services LLC, as representative, dated as of November 7, 2019* (2) |  | Incorporated by Reference
3 |  | (a) |  | Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (3) |  | Incorporated by Reference
3 |  | (b) |  | Amended and Restated By-Laws (4) |  | Incorporated by Reference
4 |  |  |  | Description of Securities |  | Filed Electronically
10 |  | (a) |  | Digi International Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan as amended and restated as of December 10, 2019** (5) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (b) |  | Digi International Inc. 2000 Omnibus Stock Plan, as amended and restated as of December 4, 2009** (6) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (b)(i) |  | Form of Notice of Grant of Stock Options and Option Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2000 Omnibus Stock Plan before January 26, 2010)** (7) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (b)(ii) |  | Form of Notice of Grant of Stock Options and Option Agreement (amended form for grants under Digi International Inc. 2000 Omnibus Stock Plan on or after January 26, 2010 provided Addendum 1A applies only to certain grants made on and after November 22, 2011)** (8) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (c) |  | Digi International Inc. 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan** (9) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (c)(i) |  | Form of Notice of Grant of Stock Options and Option Agreement including Addenda to Option Agreement that may apply to certain grants (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (10) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (d) |  | Digi International Inc. 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan** (11) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (d)(i) |  | Form of Notice of Grant of Stock Options and Option Agreement including Addenda to Option Agreement that may apply to certain grants (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (12) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (d)(ii) |  | Form of (Executive) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for awards under Digi International Inc. 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (13) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (e) |  | Digi International Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan** (14) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (e)(i) |  | Form of (Executive) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for awards under Digi International Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (15) |  | Incorporated by Reference

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (CONTINUED)

Exhibit Number |  | Description |  | Method of Filing
10 |  | (e)(ii) |  | Form of (Employee) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for awards under Digi International Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (16) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (e)(iii) |  | Form of Notice of Grant of Stock Options and Option Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (17) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (f) |  | Digi International Inc. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan** (18) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (f)(i) |  | Form of (Executive) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for awards under Digi International Inc. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (19) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (f)(ii) |  | Form of (Employee) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for awards under Digi International Inc. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (20) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (f)(iii) |  | Form of Notice of Grant of Stock Options and Option Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (21) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (g) |  | Digi International Inc. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan** (22) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (g)(i) |  | Form of (Director) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (23) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (g)(ii) |  | Form of (Executive) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (24) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (g)(iii) |  | Form of (Employee) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (25) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (g)(iv) |  | Form of Notice of Grant of Stock Options and Option Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (26) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (h) |  | Digi International Inc. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan** (27) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (h)(i) |  | Form of (Director) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (28) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (h)(ii) |  | Form of (Executive) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (29) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (h)(iii) |  | Form of (Employee) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (30) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (h)(iv) |  | Form of Notice of Grant of Stock Options and Option Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (31) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (i) |  | Digi International Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan** (32) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (i)(i) |  | Form of (Director) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (33) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (i)(ii) |  | Form of (Executive) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (34) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (i)(iii) |  | Form of (Employee) Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (35) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (i)(iv) |  | Form of (Executive) Notice of Grant of Stock Options and Option Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (36) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (i)(v) |  | Form of (Employee) Notice of Grant of Stock Options and Option Agreement (for grants under Digi International Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan)** (37) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (j) |  | Form of indemnification agreement with directors and officers of the Company** (38) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (k) |  | Employment Agreement between the Company and Ronald E. Konezny dated November 26, 2014** (39) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (l) |  | Offer letter with David H. Sampsell dated as of April 8, 2011** (40) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (m) |  | Employment Agreement with Kevin C. Riley dated January 23, 2013** (41) |  | Incorporated by Reference

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (CONTINUED)

Exhibit Number |  | Description |  | Method of Filing
10 |  | (n) |  | Offer letter with Michael A. Ueland dated September 27, 2016** (42) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (o) |  | Offer letter with Michael A. Ueland dated October 29, 2018** (43) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (p) |  | Offer letter with James J. Loch dated May 1, 2019** (44) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (q) |  | Credit Agreement dated as of December 13, 2019, with BMO Harris Bank N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent, BMO Capital Markets Corp., as joint lead arranger and sole book runner and Silicon Valley Bank, as joint lead arranger, other lenders from time to time party hereto (45) |  | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (r) |  | First Amendment to Credit Agreement dated as of April 14, 2020 by and among Digi International, Inc. the other loan parties signatory thereto, each Lender under the Credit Agreement party thereto and BMO Harris Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (46) |  | Incorporated by Reference
21 |  |  |  | Subsidiaries of the Company |  | Filed Electronically
23 |  |  |  | Consent of Grant Thornton LLP |  | Filed Electronically
24 |  |  |  | Powers of Attorney |  | Filed Electronically
31 |  | (a) |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer |  | Filed Electronically
31 |  | (b) |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer |  | Filed Electronically
32 |  |  |  | Section 1350 Certification |  | Filed Electronically
101 |  |  | The following financial statements from the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2020, as filed with the Security and Exchange Commission, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |  | Filed Electronically
104 |  |  | The cover page from Digi International Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2020 is formatted in iXBRL (included in Exhibit 101). |  | Filed Electronically

____________________________
* Certain schedules and exhibits have been omitted in accordance with Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted schedule and/or exhibit will be furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.
** Management compensatory contract or arrangement required to be included as an exhibit to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(1) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Form 8-K filed October 25, 2017.
(2) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Form 8-K filed November 8, 2019.
(3) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(a) to Form 10‑K for the year ended September 30, 1993 (File no. 0‑17972).
(4) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed April 30, 2020.
(5) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.a to Form 10-Q filed for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.
(6) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to Form 8-K filed January 29, 2010.
(7) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(o) to Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2008.
(8) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(e)(ii) to Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2011.
(9) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99 to Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on April 16, 2013.
(10) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(i) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013.
(11) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99 to Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on March 12, 2014.
(12) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b)(i) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014.
(13) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2014.
(14) Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed December 11, 2015.
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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (CONTINUED)
(15) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(ii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016.
(16) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(iii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016.
(17) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(iv) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016.
(18) Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed December 16, 2016.
(19) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b)(ii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.
(20) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b)(iii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.
(21) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b)(iv) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.
(22) Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed December 8, 2017.
(23) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(i) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018.
(24) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(ii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018.
(25) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(iii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018.
(26) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(iv) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018.
(27) Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed December 14, 2018.
(28) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(i) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.
(29) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(ii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.
(30) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(iii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.
(31) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(iv) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.
(32) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.
(33) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b)(i) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.
(34) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b)(ii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.
(35) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b)(iii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.
(36) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b)(iv) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.
(37) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b)(v) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.
(38) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10 to Form 10‑Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010.
(39) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed December 5, 2014.
(40) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(m) to Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2013.
(41) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.
(42) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(o) to Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2019.
(43) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.O to Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2018.
(44) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed May 10, 2019.
(45) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed December 16, 2019.
(46) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(c) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on November 25, 2020.

| DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
| By: /s/ Ronald E. Konezny Ronald E. Konezny President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated on November 25, 2020.

| By: /s/ Ronald E. Konezny Ronald E. Konezny President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)

| By: /s/ James J. Loch James J. Loch Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

| By:* Satbir Khanuja Director

| By:* Christopher D. Heim Director

| By:* Hatem H. Naguib Director

| By:* Sally J. Smith Director

| By:* Spiro C. Lazarakis Director

* Ronald E. Konezny, by signing his name hereto, does hereby sign this document on behalf of each of the above named directors of the Registrant pursuant to Powers of Attorney duly executed by such persons.

| By: /s/ Ronald E. Konezny Ronald E. Konezny Attorney-in-fact

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SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
(in thousands)

|  |  |  | Additions |  |  |  |  |  |
Description |  | Balance at beginning of period |  | Charged to costs and expenses |  | Charged to Other Accounts |  |  | Deductions |  |  | Balance at end of period
Valuation allowance - deferred tax assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2020 |  | $ | 3,810 |  |  | $ | 670 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  |  | $ | 4,372 |
September 30, 2019 |  | $ | 3,291 |  |  | $ | 529 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  |  | $ | 3,810 |
September 30, 2018 |  | $ | 5,952 |  |  | $ | 521 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 3,182 |  |  |  | $ | 3,291 |
Valuation account - doubtful accounts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2020 |  | $ | 968 |  |  | $ | 2,534 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | (276) |  | (2) |  | $ | 3,778 |
September 30, 2019 |  | $ | 785 |  |  | $ | 635 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 452 |  | (2) |  | $ | 968 |
September 30, 2018 |  | $ | 341 |  |  | $ | 729 |  |  | $ | 40 |  | (1) |  | $ | 325 |  | (2) |  | $ | 785 |
Reserve for future credit returns and pricing adjustments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2020 |  | $ | 2,677 |  |  | $ | 17,816 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 19,017 |  |  |  | $ | 1,476 |
September 30, 2019 |  | $ | 2,560 |  |  | $ | 12,640 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 12,523 |  |  |  | $ | 2,677 |
September 30, 2018 |  | $ | 2,169 |  |  | $ | 10,715 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 10,324 |  |  |  | $ | 2,560 |

(1)Established through purchase accounting relating to the acquisition of TempAlert
(2)Uncollectible accounts charged against allowance, net of recoveries
75