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Revenue | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2021
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] |
REVENUE | REVENUE Revenue Disaggregation The following table summarizes our revenue by geographic location of our customers:
| Year ended September 30,
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
North America, primarily the United States | $ | 227,923 |  |  | $ | 213,487 |  |  | $ | 184,022 |
Europe, Middle East & Africa | 46,024 |  |  | 40,076 |  |  | 39,896 |
Rest of world | 34,685 |  |  | 25,708 |  |  | 30,285 |
Total revenue | $ | 308,632 |  |  | $ | 279,271 |  |  | $ | 254,203 |
The following table summarizes our revenue by the timing of revenue recognition:
| Year ended September 30,
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Transferred at a point in time | $ | 274,960 |  |  | $ | 253,371 |  |  | $ | 231,387 |
Transferred over time | 33,672 |  |  | 25,900 |  |  | 22,816 |
Total revenue | $ | 308,632 |  |  | $ | 279,271 |  |  | $ | 254,203 |
Contract Balances Contract Assets Contract assets consist of subscriber assets. These subscriber assets relate to fees in certain contracts that we charge our customers so they can begin using equipment. In these cases, we retain the ownership of the equipment that the customer uses. 11. REVENUE (CONTINUED) The total net book value of subscriber assets was $1.9 million at September 30, 2021 and $2.0 million at September 30, 2020 and is included in property, equipment and improvements, net. Depreciation expense for these subscriber assets was $1.9 million, $1.5 million and $1.1 million for fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We depreciate the cost of this equipment over its useful life (typically three years). Contract Liabilities The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Customers are invoiced for subscription services in advance on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis. Contract liabilities consist of unearned revenue related to annual or multi-year contracts for subscription services and related implementation fees for our IoT Solutions segment and our Digi Remote Manager® services in our IoT Products & Services segment. Changes in unearned revenue were:
|  | Year ended September 30,
($ in thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Unearned revenue, beginning of period |  | $ | 9,341 |  |  | $ | 5,025 |  |  | $ | 3,933 |
Billings |  | 48,972 |  |  | 35,213 |  |  | 43,071 |
Revenue recognized |  | (42,825) |  |  | (30,897) |  |  | (41,979) |
Unearned revenue, end of period |  | $ | 15,488 |  |  | $ | 9,341 |  |  | $ | 5,025 |
Remaining Transaction Price Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not been recognized, which includes unearned revenue and unbilled amounts that will be recognized as revenue in future periods. As of September 30, 2021 approximately $17.4 million of revenue is expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations for subscriptions contracts. We expect to recognize revenue on approximately $14.4 million of remaining performance obligations over the next twelve months. Revenue from the remaining performance obligations we expect to recognize over a range of two years to seven years.

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- Definition The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=49130388 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 10 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130551-203045 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 13 -Subparagraph (b)(2) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130556-203045 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130554-203045 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130550-203045 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (e) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130554-203045 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (a) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130554-203045 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130554-203045 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130558-203045 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (c) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123351226&loc=SL49130554-203045 + Details
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