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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

☑ |  | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: December 31, 2020
OR

☐ |  | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .
Commission file number: 001-34033
DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 41-1532464
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

9350 Excelsior Blvd. | Suite 700 |  |
Hopkins | Minnesota |  | 55343
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(952) 912-3444
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share |  | DGII |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files.) Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☑
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
Emerging growth company |  | ☐ |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
On January 29, 2021, there were 29,709,306 shares of the registrant's $.01 par value Common Stock outstanding.

INDEX

| Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. Financial Statements: |
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations | 1
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 2
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity | 5
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 6
ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 20
ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 29
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures | 29
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings | 30
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors | 30
ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 30
ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 30
ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | 30
ITEM 5. Other Information | 30
ITEM 6. Exhibits | 31

i

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)

|  |  | Three months ended December 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  |  |  |  | (in thousands, except per share data)
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product |  |  |  |  | $ | 62,604 |  |  | $ | 54,247 |
Service |  |  |  |  | 10,542 |  |  | 8,070 |
Total revenue |  |  |  |  | 73,146 |  |  | 62,317 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of product |  |  |  |  | 27,776 |  |  | 28,491 |
Cost of service |  |  |  |  | 3,237 |  |  | 2,561 |
Amortization |  |  |  |  | 1,114 |  |  | 801 |
Total cost of sales |  |  |  |  | 32,127 |  |  | 31,853 |
Gross profit |  |  |  |  | 41,019 |  |  | 30,464 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing |  |  |  |  | 14,924 |  |  | 12,061 |
Research and development |  |  |  |  | 11,093 |  |  | 10,331 |
General and administrative |  |  |  |  | 14,415 |  |  | 8,555 |
Restructuring charge |  |  |  |  | 733 |  |  | — |
Total operating expenses |  |  |  |  | 41,165 |  |  | 30,947 |
Operating loss |  |  |  |  | (146) |  |  | (483) |
Other expense, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 231 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  | (402) |  |  | (432) |
Other expense, net |  |  |  |  | (192) |  |  | (236) |
Total other expense, net |  |  |  |  | (594) |  |  | (437) |
Loss before income taxes |  |  |  |  | (740) |  |  | (920) |
Income tax benefit |  |  |  |  | (433) |  |  | (1,128) |
Net (loss) income |  |  |  |  | $ | (307) |  |  | $ | 208 |
Net (loss) income per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.01) |  |  | $ | 0.01 |
Diluted |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.01) |  |  | $ | 0.01 |
Weighted average common shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  |  |  | 29,374 |  |  | 28,467 |
Diluted |  |  |  |  | 29,374 |  |  | 29,614 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
1

Table of Contents
DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(UNAUDITED)

|  |  | Three months ended December 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  |  |  |  | (in thousands)
Net (loss) income |  |  |  |  | $ | (307) |  |  | $ | 208 |
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  | 1,872 |  |  | 2,660 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  | 1,872 |  |  | 2,660 |
Comprehensive income |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,565 |  |  | $ | 2,868 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
2

Table of Contents
DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)

| December 31, 2020 |  | September 30, 2020
| (in thousands, except share data)
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 49,263 |  |  | $ | 54,129 |
Accounts receivable, net | 52,500 |  |  | 59,227 |
Inventories | 54,757 |  |  | 51,568 |
Other current assets | 10,742 |  |  | 5,134 |
Total current assets | 167,262 |  |  | 170,058 |
Property, equipment and improvements, net | 13,442 |  |  | 11,507 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 16,665 |  |  | 14,334 |
Intangible assets, net | 117,392 |  |  | 121,248 |
Goodwill | 212,366 |  |  | 210,135 |
Deferred tax assets | 566 |  |  | 389 |
Other non-current assets | 1,095 |  |  | 1,011 |
Total assets | $ | 528,788 |  |  | $ | 528,682 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Current portion of long-term debt | $ | 1,972 |  |  | $ | 1,972 |
Accounts payable | 22,472 |  |  | 28,067 |
Accrued compensation | 10,317 |  |  | 9,372 |
Unearned revenue | 11,979 |  |  | 7,691 |
Contingent consideration on acquired business | 10,000 |  |  | 4,228 |
Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 2,776 |  |  | 2,527 |
Other current liabilities | 7,971 |  |  | 7,373 |
Total current liabilities | 67,487 |  |  | 61,230 |
Income taxes payable | 1,895 |  |  | 1,958 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 17,823 |  |  | 17,171 |
Long-term debt | 43,483 |  |  | 58,980 |
Operating lease liabilities | 19,371 |  |  | 16,193 |
Other non-current liabilities | 1,087 |  |  | 1,650 |
Total liabilities | 151,146 |  |  | 157,182 |
Commitments and Contingencies (see Note 14) |  |  |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $.01 par value; 60,000,000 shares authorized; 36,090,681 and 35,512,843 shares issued | 361 |  |  | 355 |
Additional paid-in capital | 285,536 |  |  | 279,741 |
Retained earnings | 170,023 |  |  | 170,330 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (21,945) |  |  | (23,817) |
Treasury stock, at cost, 6,411,776 and 6,353,094 shares | (56,333) |  |  | (55,109) |
Total stockholders' equity | 377,642 |  |  | 371,500 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 528,788 |  |  | $ | 528,682 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

Table of Contents
DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)

| Three months ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
| (in thousands)
Operating activities: |  |  |
Net (loss) income | $ | (307) |  |  | $ | 208 |
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation of property, equipment and improvements | 1,089 |  |  | 1,169 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 3,961 |  |  | 2,448 |
Stock-based compensation | 1,745 |  |  | 1,600 |
Deferred income tax provision | 750 |  |  | 234 |
Change in fair value of contingent consideration | 5,772 |  |  | 259 |
Provision for bad debt and product returns | (518) |  |  | 50 |
Provision for inventory obsolescence | 600 |  |  | 455 |
Restructuring charge | 733 |  |  | — |
Other | 118 |  |  | 161 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities (net of acquisitions) | (5,631) |  |  | (28,651) |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 8,312 |  |  | (22,067) |
Investing activities: |  |  |
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired | — |  |  | (136,098) |
Purchase of property, equipment, improvements and certain other intangible assets | (777) |  |  | (196) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (777) |  |  | (136,294) |
Financing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from long-term debt | — |  |  | 110,000 |
Payments on long-term debt | (15,625) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from stock option plan transactions | 3,944 |  |  | 4,160 |
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan transactions | 334 |  |  | 286 |
Purchases of common stock | (1,446) |  |  | (1,577) |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (12,793) |  |  | 112,869 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 392 |  |  | 1,772 |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (4,866) |  |  | (43,720) |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 54,129 |  |  | 92,792 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 49,263 |  |  | $ | 49,072 |
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |
Transfer of inventory to property, equipment and improvements | $ | (882) |  |  | $ | (186) |
Contingent consideration recognized related to acquisition of business | $ | — |  |  | $ | (9,100) |
Tenant improvement allowance | $ | (1,000) |  |  | $ | — |
Accrual for purchase of property, equipment, improvements and certain other intangible assets | $ | (452) |  |  | $ | — |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

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DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  | Other |  | Total
|  | Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock |  | Paid-In |  | Retained |  | Comprehensive |  | Stockholders'
(in thousands) |  | Shares |  | Par Value |  | Shares |  | Value |  | Capital |  | Earnings |  | Loss |  | Equity
Balances, September 30, 2019 |  | 34,608 |  |  | $ | 346 |  |  | 6,367 |  |  | $ | (54,339) |  |  | $ | 266,567 |  |  | $ | 161,919 |  |  | $ | (25,515) |  |  | $ | 348,978 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 208 |  |  |  |  | 208 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,660 |  |  | 2,660 |
Employee stock purchase plan issuances |  |  |  |  |  | (25) |  |  | 214 |  |  | 72 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 286 |
Taxes paid for net share settlement of share-based payment awards |  |  |  |  |  | 89 |  |  | (1,577) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,577) |
Issuance of stock under stock award plans |  | 618 |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,154 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,160 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,600 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,600 |
Balances, December 31, 2019 |  | 35,226 |  |  | $ | 352 |  |  | 6,431 |  |  | $ | (55,702) |  |  | $ | 272,393 |  |  | $ | 162,127 |  |  | $ | (22,855) |  |  | $ | 356,315 |
Balances, September 30, 2020 |  | 35,513 |  |  | $ | 355 |  |  | 6,353 |  |  | $ | (55,109) |  |  | $ | 279,741 |  |  | $ | 170,330 |  |  | $ | (23,817) |  |  | $ | 371,500 |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (307) |  |  |  |  | (307) |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,872 |  |  | 1,872 |
Employee stock purchase plan issuances |  |  |  |  |  | (25) |  |  | 222 |  |  | 112 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 334 |
Taxes paid for net share settlement of share-based payment awards |  |  |  |  |  | 84 |  |  | (1,446) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,446) |
Issuance of stock under stock award plans |  | 577 |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,938 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,944 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,745 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,745 |
Balances, December 31, 2020 |  | 36,090 |  |  | $ | 361 |  |  | 6,412 |  |  | $ | (56,333) |  |  | $ | 285,536 |  |  | $ | 170,023 |  |  | $ | (21,945) |  |  | $ | 377,642 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION OF UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Digi International Inc. ("we", "us", "our", "Digi" or "the Company") have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission applicable to interim financial statements. While these financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for fair presentation of the results of the interim period, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for complete financial statements. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statement disclosures in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2020 (the "2020 Financial Statements"). We use the same accounting policies in preparing quarterly and annual financial statements. The quarterly results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
As described in Note 8, effective with the reorganization announcement on October 7, 2020, the measure of segment operating income (loss) used by our chief operating decision maker ("CODM") changed. As a result, our disclosed measure of segment operating income (loss) has been updated.
Potential Impacts of COVID-19 on our Business
The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 ("COVID-19") pandemic continues to unfold. The extent of the pandemic's effect on our operational and financial performance will depend in large part on future developments, which cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. Future developments include the duration, scope and severity of the pandemic, the actions taken to contain or mitigate its impact both within and outside the jurisdictions where we operate, the impact on governmental programs and budgets, the development of treatments or vaccines, and the timing and level of resumption of widespread economic activity. Due to the inherent uncertainty of the unprecedented and rapidly evolving situation, we are unable to predict with any confidence the likely impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our future operations. For a more detailed discussion see Part I, Item 1 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2020 and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Item 2 of this Form 10-Q.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Adopted
In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement - Disclosure Framework (Topic 820). The updated guidance changes the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. We adopted this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. This standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The amendments in this update replace the incurred loss impairment methodology in current U.S. GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses. This update is intended to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about expected credit losses. We adopted this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2021, following the modified-retrospective approach. This standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
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2. ACQUISITIONS
Acquisition of Opengear, Inc.
On December 13, 2019, we completed our acquisition of Opengear, Inc. ("Opengear"), a New Jersey-based provider of secure IT infrastructure products and software. Opengear results have been included in our condensed consolidated financial statements within our IoT Products & Services segment since the date of acquisition.
During the first quarter of fiscal 2021, we recorded an out-of-period adjustment in connection with the purchase price accounting of Opengear. This balance sheet adjustment resulted in a decrease in fair value of net tangible assets acquired of $1.1 million, a decrease of $0.3 million to non-current deferred tax liability and an increase to goodwill of $0.8 million. Management assessed the impact of this adjustment and believes, after considering both quantitative and qualitative factors, that it is not material to our current or previously issued consolidated financial statements.
The following table summarizes the final fair values of Opengear assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date (in thousands):

Cash |  | $ | 148,058 |
Contingent consideration |  | 5,100 |
Total |  | $ | 153,158 |
Fair value of net tangible assets acquired |  | $ | 18,096 |
Identifiable intangible assets: |  |
Customer relationships |  | 79,000 |
Purchased and core technology |  | 18,100 |
Trademarks |  | 8,000 |
Deferred tax liability on identifiable intangible assets |  | (27,126) |
Goodwill |  | 57,088 |
Total |  | $ | 153,158 |

The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2020 reflects the final allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition.
3. EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic net (loss) income per common share is calculated based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares and potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive common shares result from dilutive common stock options and restricted stock units. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares. All potentially dilutive common equivalent shares are excluded from the calculations of net loss per diluted share due to their anti-dilutive effect for the three months ended December 31, 2020.
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3. EARNINGS PER SHARE (CONTINUED)
The following table is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators in the net (loss) income per common share calculations (in thousands, except per common share data):

|  |  | Three months ended December 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (loss) income |  |  |  |  | $ | (307) |  |  | $ | 208 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Denominator for basic net (loss) income per common share — weighted average shares outstanding |  |  |  |  | 29,374 |  |  | 28,467 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options and restricted stock units |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 1,147 |
Denominator for diluted net (loss) income per common share — adjusted weighted average shares |  |  |  |  | 29,374 |  |  | 29,614 |
Net (loss) income per common share, basic |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.01) |  |  | $ | 0.01 |
Net (loss) income per common share, diluted |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.01) |  |  | $ | 0.01 |

For the three months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were 547,045 and 594,447 potentially dilutive shares, respectively. These potentially dilutive shares were related to stock options to purchase common shares that were not included in the above computation of diluted earnings per common share since the options' exercise prices were greater than the average market price of our common shares. In addition, due to the net loss for the three months ended December 31, 2020, there were 1,157,727 common stock options and restricted stock units that were not included in the above computation of diluted earnings per share.
4. SELECTED BALANCE SHEET DATA
The following table shows selected balance sheet data (in thousands):

| December 31, 2020 |  | September 30, 2020
Accounts receivable, net: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | $ | 57,782 |  |  | $ | 65,027 |
Less allowance for doubtful accounts | 2,987 |  |  | 3,778 |
Less reserve for future returns and pricing adjustments | 2,295 |  |  | 2,022 |
Accounts receivable, net | $ | 52,500 |  |  | $ | 59,227 |
Inventories: |  |  |
Raw materials | $ | 14,695 |  |  | $ | 14,009 |
Finished goods | 40,062 |  |  | 37,559 |
Inventories | $ | 54,757 |  |  | $ | 51,568 |

5. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Financial assets and liabilities are classified in the following fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement: Level 1 (unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities); Level 2 (observable market inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1); and Level 3 (unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data).
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5. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONTINUED)
The following tables provide information by level for financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

| Total Fair Value at |  | Fair Value Measurements Using Inputs Considered as
| December 31, 2020 |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration on acquired businesses | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,000 |
Total liabilities measured at fair value | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,000 |

| Total Fair Value at |  | Fair Value Measurements Using Inputs Considered as
| September 30, 2020 |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration on acquired businesses | $ | 4,228 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,228 |
Total liabilities measured at fair value | $ | 4,228 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,228 |

In connection with our acquisition of Bluenica Corporation ("Bluenica") in October 2015, we agreed to make contingent earn-out payments over a period of up to 4 years, subject to achieving specified revenue thresholds for sales of Bluenica products. We paid the final installment of $2.9 million during the third quarter of fiscal 2020.
In connection with our acquisition of Accelerated Concepts, Inc. ("Accelerated") in January 2018, we agreed to make contingent earn-out payments if specified revenue thresholds for sales of Accelerated products were achieved. We paid the first installment payment of $3.5 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2019. The earn-out period for this acquisition ended on January 22, 2020. We paid the final installment of $2.4 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2020.
In connection with our acquisition of Opengear, we agreed to make contingent payments, based upon certain revenue thresholds (see Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements). We paid the first installment of $0.9 million during the third quarter of fiscal 2020. The fair value of the remaining liability for contingent consideration for the acquisition of Opengear was equal to the maximum payout of $10.0 million at December 31, 2020 due to a substantial increase in revenue over our previous expectations. We expect to pay this amount during the second quarter of fiscal 2021.
The following table presents a reconciliation of the contingent consideration liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (in thousands):

|  |  | Three months ended December 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Fair value at beginning of period |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,228 |  |  | $ | 5,407 |
Contingent consideration recognized for acquired business |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 9,100 |
Change in fair value of contingent consideration |  |  |  |  | 5,772 |  |  | 259 |
Fair value at end of period |  |  |  |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | 14,766 |

The change in fair value of contingent consideration reflects our estimates of the probabilities of achieving the relevant targets and is discounted based on our estimated discount rate. The fair value of the contingent consideration at December 31, 2020 was based on the actual achievement of the specified revenue thresholds for Opengear.
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6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
Amortizable intangible assets were (in thousands):

| December 31, 2020 |  | September 30, 2020
| Gross carrying amount |  | Accum. amort. |  | Net |  | Gross carrying amount |  | Accum. amort. |  | Net
Purchased and core technology | $ | 76,473 |  |  | $ | (57,017) |  |  | $ | 19,456 |  |  | $ | 76,011 |  |  | $ | (55,482) |  |  | $ | 20,529 |
License agreements | 112 |  |  | (112) |  |  | — |  |  | 112 |  |  | (112) |  |  | — |
Patents and trademarks | 22,936 |  |  | (13,968) |  |  | 8,968 |  |  | 22,836 |  |  | (13,535) |  |  | 9,301 |
Customer relationships | 125,805 |  |  | (36,957) |  |  | 88,848 |  |  | 125,500 |  |  | (34,232) |  |  | 91,268 |
Non-compete agreements | 600 |  |  | (480) |  |  | 120 |  |  | 600 |  |  | (450) |  |  | 150 |
Total | $ | 225,926 |  |  | $ | (108,534) |  |  | $ | 117,392 |  |  | $ | 225,059 |  |  | $ | (103,811) |  |  | $ | 121,248 |

Amortization expense was $4.0 million and $2.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Amortization expense is recorded on our condensed consolidated statements of operations within cost of sales and in general and administrative expense.
Estimated amortization expense related to intangible assets for the remainder of fiscal 2021 and the five succeeding fiscal years is (in thousands):

2021 (nine months) | $ | 11,616 |
2022 | $ | 14,720 |
2023 | $ | 12,518 |
2024 | $ | 11,815 |
2025 | $ | 8,358 |
2026 | $ | 8,126 |

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segments are (in thousands):

| Three months ended December 31,
| IoT Products and Services |  | IoT Solutions |  | Total
Balance on September 30, 2020 | $ | 160,365 |  |  | $ | 49,770 |  |  | $ | 210,135 |
Adjustment (see Note 2) | 846 |  |  | — |  |  | 846 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | 834 |  |  | 551 |  |  | 1,385 |
Balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | 162,045 |  |  | $ | 50,321 |  |  | $ | 212,366 |

Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net identifiable assets acquired. Goodwill is quantitatively tested for impairment on an annual basis as of June 30, or more frequently if events or circumstances occur which could indicate impairment. We continue to have two reportable segments, our IoT Products & Services segment and our IoT Solutions segment (see Note 8). Effective with the reorganization announcement on October 7, 2020 (see Note 13), our IoT Products & Services business is now structured to include four operating segments, each with a segment manager: Cellular Routers, Console Servers, OEM Solutions and Infrastructure Management. We have concluded that these operating segments along with our IoT Solutions segment constitute separate reporting units and will be tested individually for impairment. As of December 31, 2020, we have performed a qualitative assessment and concluded that there is no impairment or triggering events.
For our fiscal 2020 annual impairment test we concluded that the IoT Products & Services segment and the IoT Solutions segment constitute separate reporting units for purposes of the ASC 350-20-35 "Goodwill Measurement of Impairment" assessment and both units were tested individually for impairment.
For our quantitative goodwill impairment tests, we determine the estimated fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit is higher than its estimated fair value, then an impairment loss must be recognized for the excess. Fair values for both reporting units were each estimated on a standalone basis using a weighted combination of the income approach and market approach.
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6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (CONTINUED)
The income approach indicates the fair value of a business based on the value of the cash flows the business or asset can be expected to generate in the future. A commonly used variation of the income approach used to value a business is the discounted cash flow (“DCF”) method. The DCF method is a valuation technique in which the value of a business is estimated on the earnings capacity, or available cash flow, of that business. Earnings capacity represents the earnings available for distribution to stockholders after consideration of the reinvestment required for future growth. Significant judgment is required to estimate the amount and timing of future cash flows for each reporting unit and the relative risk of achieving those cash flows.
The market approach indicates the fair value of a business or asset based on a comparison of the business or asset to comparable publicly traded companies or assets and transactions in its industry as well as our prior acquisitions. This approach can be estimated through the guideline company method. This method indicates fair value of a business by comparing it to publicly traded companies in similar lines of business. After identifying and selecting the guideline companies, we make judgments about the comparability of the companies based on size, growth rates, profitability, risk, and return on investment in order to estimate market multiples. These multiples are then applied to the reporting units to estimate a fair value.
Assumptions and estimates to determine fair values under the income and market approaches are complex and often subjective. They can be affected by a variety of factors. These include external factors such as industry and economic trends. They also include internal factors such as changes in our business strategy and our internal forecasts. Changes in circumstances or a potential event could negatively affect the estimated fair values. We will continue to monitor potential COVID-19 industry and demand impacts as this could potentially affect our cash flows and market capitalization. If our future operating results do not meet current forecasts or if we experience a sustained decline in our market capitalization that is determined to be indicative of a reduction in fair value of one or more of our reporting units, we may be required to record future impairment charges for goodwill.
Results of our Fiscal 2020 Annual Impairment Test
As of June 30, 2020, we had a total of $157.1 million of goodwill for the IoT Products & Services reporting unit and $49.6 million of goodwill for the IoT Solutions reporting unit. At June 30, 2020, fair value exceeded the carrying value by more than 10% for both reporting units. Implied fair values for both reporting units were each calculated on a standalone basis using a weighted combination of the income approach and market approach. The implied fair values of each reporting unit were added together to get an indicated value of total equity to which a range of indicated value of total equity was derived. This range was compared to the total market capitalization of $338.2 million as of June 30, 2020. This implied a range of control premiums of 17.0% to 29.1%. This range of control premiums fell below the control premiums observed in the last five years in the communications equipment industry. As a result, the market capitalization reconciliation analysis proved support for the reasonableness of the fair values estimated for each individual reporting unit.
7. INDEBTEDNESS
In connection with our acquisition of Opengear, we entered into a syndicated credit agreement with BMO Harris Bank N.A. ("BMO") on December 13, 2019. This agreement provided us with committed credit facilities (the "Credit Facility") totaling $150 million. The Credit Facility includes: (i) a $50 million term loan (the "Term Loan") and (ii) a $100 million revolving loan (the "Revolving Loan").
Prior to May 4, 2020, borrowings under the Credit Facility bore interest rates based on an underlying variable benchmark plus applicable margin based on our total leverage ("ABR"); this interest rate was reset quarterly. Effective May 4, 2020, borrowings under the Credit Facility bear a variable interest rate of LIBOR plus an applicable margin spread from 3.25% to 1.25%. The amount of the applicable margin spread is a function of our leverage ratio and is reset monthly. In addition to paying interest on the outstanding balance under the Credit Facility, we are required to pay a commitment fee on the non-utilized commitments thereunder which is also reported in interest expense. Our weighted average interest rate at December 31, 2020 was 0.6%.
We also incurred debt issuance costs under the Credit Facility of $2.6 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. These issuance costs are being amortized using the straight-line method over the term of the loan and reported in interest expense.
Amounts under the Term Loan will be repaid in quarterly installments on the last day of each fiscal quarter. Amortization is 5% in the first two years, 7.5% in the next two years and 10% in the final year. The remaining outstanding balance will mature on December 13, 2024. The Revolving Loan is due in a lump sum payment at maturity on December 13, 2024. The fair values of the Term Loan and Revolving Loan approximated carrying value at December 31, 2020.
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7. INDEBTEDNESS (CONTINUED)
The following table is a summary of our long-term indebtedness at December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

Term loan |  | $ | 47,500 |
Total loans |  | 47,500 |
Less unamortized issuance costs |  | (2,045) |
Less current maturities of long-term debt |  | (1,972) |
Total long-term debt, net of current portion |  | $ | 43,483 |

The following table is a summary of future maturities of our aggregate long-term debt at December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

2021 (nine months) |  | $ | 1,875 |
2022 |  | 3,438 |
2023 |  | 3,750 |
2024 |  | 4,687 |
2025 |  | 33,750 |
Total long-term debt |  | $ | 47,500 |

Covenants and Security Interest
The agreements governing the Credit Facility contain a number of covenants. Among other thing, these covenants require us to maintain a certain financial ratio (net leverage ratio and minimum fixed charge ratio). At December 31, 2020, we were in compliance with our debt covenants. Amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility are secured by substantially all of our assets.
8. SEGMENT INFORMATION
We have two reportable segments: IoT Products & Services and IoT Solutions. Effective with the reorganization announcement on October 7, 2020 (see Note 13), our IoT Products & Services business is now structured to include four operating segments, each with a segment manager. There four operating segments include:
•Cellular Routers - box devices (fully enclosed) that provide connectivity typically in a place where the device can be plugged in exclusively using cellular communications.
•Console Servers - similar to cellular routers except they are exclusively for edge computing installments and date center applications exclusively using cellular communications.
•OEM Solutions - Original Equipment Manufacturers ("OEM") will be a chip, rather than a boxed device. This can come in the form of a stand-alone chip, or from a system on modules ("SOMs"). While cellular is used, other communication protocols can be used such as Zigbee, Bluetooth or Radio-Frequency ("RF") based on application.
•Infrastructure Management - includes connect sensors that will be cellular enabled devices that are battery operated, as well as other types of console server applications that are more DAL based compared to Console Servers. They do have some products that are not using cellular communications, but a large part of the portfolio does use cellular communication.
We believe these four operating segments have similar qualitative and quantitative factors which allow us to aggregate them under the IoT Products & Services reportable segment. The qualitative factors include similar nature of products and services, production process, type or class of customers and methods used to distribute the products. The quantitative factors include similar operating income (loss). Our CODM reviews and makes business decisions which includes a primary review of operating income (loss) but also includes gross profit. Thus, our measure of segment measure of profit or loss used by our CODM changed. The shared general and administrative costs are now allocated to each operating segment. As a result, our disclosed measure of segment operating income (loss) has been updated for all periods presented. The change to the business segment operating income (loss) aligns with the update to how the CODM assesses performance and allocates resources for our business segments.
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8. SEGMENT INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Summary operating results for each of our segments were (in thousands):

|  |  |  | Three months ended December 31,
|  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 61,780 |  |  | $ | 54,613 |
IoT Solutions |  |  |  |  |  | 11,366 |  |  | 7,704 |
Total revenue |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 73,146 |  |  | $ | 62,317 |
Gross Profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 35,679 |  |  | $ | 26,651 |
IoT Solutions |  |  |  |  |  | 5,340 |  |  | 3,813 |
Total gross profit |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 41,019 |  |  | $ | 30,464 |
Operating Income (Loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,269 |  |  | $ | 4,397 |
IoT Solutions |  |  |  |  |  | (1,415) |  |  | (4,880) |
Total operating loss |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (146) |  |  | $ | (483) |
Depreciation and Amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,134 |  |  | $ | 1,706 |
IoT Solutions |  |  |  |  |  | 1,916 |  |  | 1,911 |
Total depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,050 |  |  | $ | 3,617 |

Total expended for property, plant and equipment was (in thousands):

|  | Three months ended December 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
IoT Products & Services |  | $ | 777 |  |  | $ | 190 |
IoT Solutions* |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Total expended for property, plant and equipment |  | $ | 777 |  |  | $ | 196 |

* Excluded from this amount is $882 and $186 of transfers of inventory to property plant and equipment for subscriber assets for the three months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Total assets for each of our segments were (in thousands):

|  | December 31, 2020 |  | September 30, 2020
IoT Products & Services |  | $ | 394,315 |  |  | $ | 387,578 |
IoT Solutions |  | 85,210 |  |  | 86,975 |
Unallocated* |  | 49,263 |  |  | 54,129 |
Total assets |  | $ | 528,788 |  |  | $ | 528,682 |

*Unallocated consists of cash and cash equivalents.
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9. REVENUE
Revenue Disaggregation
The following table summarizes our revenue by geographic location of our customers (in thousands):

|  |  | Three months ended December 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019
North America, primarily the United States |  |  |  |  | $ | 54,018 |  |  | $ | 47,536 |
Europe, Middle East & Africa |  |  |  |  | 10,536 |  |  | 8,516 |
Rest of world |  |  |  |  | 8,592 |  |  | 6,265 |
Total revenue |  |  |  |  | $ | 73,146 |  |  | $ | 62,317 |

The following table summarizes our revenue by the timing of revenue recognition (in thousands):

|  |  | Three months ended December 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Transferred at a point in time |  |  |  |  | $ | 64,188 |  |  | $ | 56,300 |
Transferred over time |  |  |  |  | 8,958 |  |  | 6,017 |
Total revenue |  |  |  |  | $ | 73,146 |  |  | $ | 62,317 |

Contract Balances
Contract Assets
Contract assets consist of subscriber assets. These subscriber assets relate to fees in certain contracts that we charge our customers so they can begin using equipment. In these cases, we retain the ownership of the equipment that the customer uses. The total net book value of subscriber assets of $2.4 million and $2.0 million as of December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2020, respectively, are included in property, equipment and improvements, net. Depreciation expense for these subscriber assets, which is included in cost of sales, was $0.5 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. We depreciate the cost of this equipment over its useful life (typically three years).
Contract Liabilities
The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Customers are invoiced for subscription services in advance on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis. Contract liabilities consist of unearned revenue related to annual or multi-year contracts for subscription services and related implementation fees. These pertain to our IoT Solutions segment and our Digi Remote Manager® services in our IoT Products & Services segment.
Changes in unearned revenue were (in thousands):

|  |  | Three months ended December 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Unearned revenue, beginning of period |  |  |  |  | $ | 9,341 |  |  | $ | 5,025 |
Billings |  |  |  |  | 14,267 |  |  | 9,847 |
Revenue recognized |  |  |  |  | (10,542) |  |  | (8,070) |
Unearned revenue, end of period |  |  |  |  | $ | 13,066 |  |  | $ | 6,802 |

Remaining Transaction Price
Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not been recognized. This includes unearned revenue and unbilled amounts that will be recognized as revenue in future periods. As of December 31, 2020, approximately $13.5 million of revenue is expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations for subscription contracts. We expect to recognize revenue on approximately $9.1 million of remaining performance obligations over the next twelve months. Revenue from the remaining performance obligations we expect to recognize over a range of two to seven years.
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10. INCOME TAXES
Our income tax benefit was $0.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2020. Included in this benefit was a net tax benefit discretely related to the three months ended December 31, 2020 of $0.3 million. This benefit primarily was the result of excess tax benefits recognized on stock compensation.
Income tax benefit was $1.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019. Included in this benefit was a net tax benefit discretely related to the three months ended December 31, 2019 of $1.0 million. This benefit primarily was the result of excess tax benefits recognized on stock compensation and an adjustment of our state deferred tax rate due to the Opengear acquisition. For the three months ended December 31, 2019, our effective tax rate before items discretely related to the period was less than the U.S. statutory rate. This was primarily due to certain research and development tax credits generated in the U.S.
Our effective tax rate will vary based on a variety of factors. These include our overall profitability, the geographical mix of income before taxes and related statutory tax rate in each jurisdiction, and tax items discretely related to the period, such as settlements of audits. We may record other benefits or expenses in the future that are specific to a particular quarter such as expiration of statutes of limitation, the completion of tax audits, or legislation that is enacted in both U.S. and foreign jurisdictions.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is (in thousands):

Unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2020 | $ | 2,600 |
Expiration of statute of limitations | (54) |
Unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2020 | $ | 2,546 |

The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2020 that, if recognized, would affect our effective tax rate was $2.4 million, after considering the impact of interest and deferred benefit items. We expect that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by approximately $0.1 million over the next 12 months.
11. PRODUCT WARRANTY OBLIGATION
The following tables summarize the activity associated with the product warranty accrual (in thousands) and is included on our condensed consolidated balance sheets within current liabilities:

| Balance at |  | Warranties |  | Settlements |  | Balance at
Period | October 1 |  | issued |  | made |  | December 31
Three months ended December 31, 2020 | $ | 942 |  |  | $ | 123 |  |  | $ | (100) |  |  | $ | 965 |
Three months ended December 31, 2019 | $ | 1,012 |  |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | (87) |  |  | $ | 999 |

12. LEASES
All of our leases are operating leases and primarily consist of leases for office space. For any lease with an initial term in excess of twelve months, the related lease assets and lease liabilities are recognized on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as either operating or financing leases at the inception of an agreement where it is determined that a lease exists. We have lease agreements that contain both lease and non-lease components. We have elected to combine lease and non-lease components for all classes of assets. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Instead we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Operating lease assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments. These assets and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future payments over the lease term at the commencement date. We generally use a collateralized incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the commencement date, including the lease term, in determining the present value of future payments. When determining our right-of-use asset, we generally do not include options to extend or terminate the lease unless it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised.
Our leases typically require payment of real estate taxes and common area maintenance and insurance. These components comprise the majority of our variable lease cost and are excluded from the present value of our lease obligations. Fixed payments may contain predetermined fixed rent escalations. We recognize the related rent expense on a straight-line basis from the commencement date to the end of the lease term.
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12. LEASES (CONTINUED)
The following table shows the supplemental balance sheet information related to our leases (in thousands):

|  | Balance Sheet Location |  | December 31, 2020 |  | September 30, 2020
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  | Other non-current assets |  | $ | 16,665 |  |  | $ | 14,334 |
Total lease assets |  |  |  | $ | 16,665 |  |  | $ | 14,334 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  | Other current liabilities |  | $ | 2,776 |  |  | $ | 2,527 |
Operating leases |  | Other non-current liabilities |  | 19,371 |  |  | 16,193 |
Total lease liabilities |  |  |  | $ | 22,147 |  |  | $ | 18,720 |

The following were the components of our lease cost which is recorded in both cost of goods sold and selling, general and administrative expense (in thousands):

|  |  | Three months ended December 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Operating lease cost |  |  |  |  | $ | 861 |  |  | $ | 814 |
Variable lease cost |  |  |  |  | 268 |  |  | 23 |
Short-term lease cost |  |  |  |  | 32 |  |  | 38 |
Total lease cost |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,161 |  |  | $ | 875 |

The following table presents supplemental information related to operating leases (in thousands):

|  | Three months ended December 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 911 |  |  | $ | 416 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 2,892 |  |  | $ | — |
Non-cash tenant improvement allowance |  | $ | 1,000 |  |  | $ | — |

At December 31, 2020 the weighted average remaining lease term of our operating leases was 6.3 years and the weighted average discount rate for these leases was 4.6%.
The table below reconciles the undiscounted cash flows for each of the first five years as well as all the remaining years to the operating lease liabilities recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

Fiscal year |  | Amount
Remainder of 2021 |  | $ | 2,798 |
2022 |  | 3,412 |
2023 |  | 3,148 |
2024 |  | 2,919 |
2025 |  | 2,821 |
2026 |  | 2,591 |
Thereafter |  | 9,266 |
Total future undiscounted lease payments |  | 26,955 |
Less imputed interest |  | (4,808) |
Total reported lease liability |  | $ | 22,147 |

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13. RESTRUCTURING
Q1 FY2021 Restructuring
On October 7, 2020, our Board of Directors approved a reorganization of our IoT Products & Services business segment. The restructuring plan aligns the business segment's organization around product lines. Under this plan, we recorded a charge of $0.7 million for employee termination charges and eliminated 19 employment positions primarily in the U.S. during the three months ended December 31, 2020.
Below is a summary of the restructuring charges and other activity (in thousands):

| Q1 2021 Restructuring |  |
| Employee Termination Costs |  |
Balance at September 30, 2020 | $ | — |  |  |
Restructuring charge | 733 |  |  |
Payments | (510) |  |  |
Foreign currency fluctuation | (27) |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | 196 |  |  |

14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Leases
We lease certain of our buildings and equipment under noncancelable lease agreements. Please refer to Note 12 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Litigation
In November 2018, DimOnOff Inc., a company headquartered in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada ("DimOnOff"), which sells control systems in the building automation and street lighting markets sued us and a former distributor from whom DimOnOff purchased certain of our products. The suit was brought in the Superior Court of the Province of Quebec in the District of Quebec (Canada) and alleges certain Digi products it purchased and incorporated into street lighting systems in a Canadian city were defective causing some of the street lights to malfunction. It alleges damages of just over CAD 1.0 million. We intend to defend ourselves against DimOnOff's claims. At this time we cannot assess the likelihood or amount of any potential loss.
In addition to the matter discussed above, in the normal course of business, we are subject to various claims and litigation. There can be no assurance that any claims by third parties, if proven to have merit, will not materially adversely affect our business, liquidity or financial condition.
15. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock-based awards were granted under the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2020 Plan") beginning January 29, 2020. Prior to that date such awards made in fiscal 2020 were granted under the 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2019 Plan"). Upon stockholder approval of the 2020 Plan, we ceased granting awards under the 2019 Plan. Shares subject to awards under the 2019 Plan or any prior plans that are forfeited, canceled, returned to us for failure to satisfy vesting requirements, settled in cash or otherwise terminated without payment also will be available for grant under the 2020 Plan. The authority to grant options under the 2020 Plan and to set other terms and conditions rests with the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.
The 2020 Plan authorizes the issuance of up to 1,500,000 common shares in connection with awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance-based full value awards or other stock-based awards. Eligible participants include our employees, our affiliates, non-employee directors of our Company and any consultant or advisor who is a natural person and provides services to us or our affiliates. Options that have been granted under the 2020 Plan typically vest over a four-year period and will expire if unexercised after seven years from the date of grant. Restricted stock unit awards ("RSUs") that have been granted to directors typically vest in one year. RSUs that have been granted to executives and employees typically vest in January over a four-year period. The 2020 Plan is scheduled to expire on January 28, 2030. Options under the 2020 Plan can be granted as either incentive stock options or non-statutory stock options. The exercise price of options and the grant date price of RSUs is determined by our Compensation Committee but will not be less
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15. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
than the fair market value of our common stock based on the closing price as of the date of grant. Upon exercise of options or settlement of vested restricted stock units or performance stock units, we issue new shares of stock. As of December 31, 2020, there were approximately 648,815 shares available for future grants under the 2020 Plan.
Cash received from the exercise of stock options was $3.9 million and $4.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
Our equity plans and corresponding forms of award agreements generally have provisions allowing employees to elect to satisfy tax withholding obligations through the delivery of shares. When employees make this election we retain a portion of shares issuable under the award. Tax with withholding obligations otherwise occur by the employee paying cash to us for the withholding. During the three months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, our employees forfeited 83,928 shares and 88,723 shares, respectively, in order to satisfy respective withholding tax obligations of $1.4 million and $1.6 million.
We sponsor an Employee Stock Purchase Plan as amended and restated as of December 10, 2019, October 29, 2013, December 4, 2009 and November 27, 2006 (the "ESPP"), covering all domestic employees with at least 90 days of continuous service and who are customarily employed at least 20 hours per week. The ESPP allows eligible participants the right to purchase common stock on a quarterly basis at the lower of 85% of the market price at the beginning or end of each three-month offering period. The most recent amendments to the ESPP, ratified by our stockholders on January 29, 2020, increased the total number of shares to 3,425,000 that may be purchased under the plan. ESPP contributions by employees were $0.3 million for both of the three-month periods ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Pursuant to the ESPP, 25,246 and 24,738 common shares were issued to employees during the three months ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Shares are issued under the ESPP from treasury stock. As of December 31, 2020, 686,468 common shares were available for future issuances under the ESPP.
The following table shows stock-based compensation expense that is included in the consolidated results of operations (in thousands):

|  |  | Three months ended December 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Cost of sales |  |  |  |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | 64 |
Sales and marketing |  |  |  |  | 525 |  |  | 431 |
Research and development |  |  |  |  | 210 |  |  | 294 |
General and administrative |  |  |  |  | 928 |  |  | 811 |
Stock-based compensation before income taxes |  |  |  |  | 1,745 |  |  | 1,600 |
Income tax benefit |  |  |  |  | (365) |  |  | (332) |
Stock-based compensation after income taxes |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,380 |  |  | $ | 1,268 |

Stock Options
The following table summarizes our stock option activity (in thousands, except per common share amounts):

|  | Options Outstanding |  | Weighted Average Exercised Price |  | Weighted Average Contractual Term (in years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1)
Balance at September 30, 2020 |  | 3,393 |  |  | $12.20 |  |  |  |
Granted |  | 418 |  |  | 16.91 |  |  |  |
Exercised |  | (357) |  |  | 11.06 |  |  |  |
Forfeited / Canceled |  | (69) |  |  | 14.17 |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2020 |  | 3,385 |  |  | $12.86 |  | 4.2 |  | $ | 20,433 |
Exercisable at December 31, 2020 |  | 1,983 |  |  | $11.28 |  | 3.1 |  | $ | 15,103 |

(1) The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value, based on our closing stock price of $18.90 as of December 31, 2020, which would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options as of that date. The intrinsic value of an option is the amount by which the fair value of the underlying stock exceeds its exercise price.
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15. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
The total intrinsic value of all options exercised during the three months ended December 31, 2020 was $2.2 million and during the three months ended December 31, 2019 was $3.0 million.
The following table shows the weighted average fair value, which was determined based upon the fair value of each option on the grant date utilizing the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the related assumptions:

| Three months ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Weighted average per option grant date fair value | $7.12 |  | $6.56
Assumptions used for option grants: |  |  |
Risk free interest rate | 0.51% - 0.54% |  | 1.67% - 1.73%
Expected term | 6.00 years |  | 6.00 years
Expected volatility | 44% |  | 36%
Weighted average volatility | 44% |  | 36%
Expected dividend yield | — |  | —

The fair value of each option award granted during the periods presented was estimated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model that uses the assumptions noted in the above table. Expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility of our stock. We use historical data to estimate option exercise and employee termination information within the valuation model. The expected term of options granted is derived from the vesting period and historical information and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate used is the zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bond rate in effect at the time of the grant whose maturity equals the expected term of the option.
As of December 31, 2020, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options was $7.9 million and the related weighted average period over which it is expected to be recognized is approximately 3.1 years.
Non-vested Stock Units
The following table presents a summary of our non-vested restricted stock as of December 31, 2020 and changes during the three months then ended (in thousands, except per common share amounts):

| RSUs |  |
| Number of Awards |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |  |  |  |
Nonvested at September 30, 2020 | 972 |  |  | $ | 13.20 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | 254 |  |  | $ | 16.95 |  |  |  |  |
Vested | (221) |  |  | $ | 12.93 |  |  |  |  |
Canceled | (46) |  |  | $ | 13.16 |  |  |  |  |
Nonvested at December 31, 2020 | 959 |  |  | $ | 14.26 |  |  |  |  |

As of December 31, 2020, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock units was $12.3 million. The related weighted average period over which this cost is expected to be recognized is approximately 1.8 years.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Our management's discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020, as well as our subsequent reports on Form 10-Q and Form 8-K and any amendments to these reports.
SAFE HARBOR STATEMENT UNDER THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995
This Form 10-Q contains certain statements that are "forward-looking statements" as that term is defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Forward-Looking Statements
The words such as "assume," "believe," "anticipate," "intend," "estimate," "target," "may," "will," "expect," "plan," "potential," "project," "should," or "continue" or the negative thereof or other expressions, which are predictions of or indicate future events and trends and which do not relate to historical matters, identify forward-looking statements. Among other items, these statements relate to expectations of the business environment in which Digi operates, projections of future performance, perceived marketplace opportunities and statements regarding our mission and vision. Such statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Among others, these include risks related to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and efforts to mitigate the same, risks related to the global economic downturn that commenced during the COVID-19 pandemic and the ability of companies like us to operate a global business in such conditions, the highly competitive market in which our company operates, rapid changes in technologies that may displace products sold by us, declining prices of networking products, our reliance on distributors and other third parties to sell our products, the potential for significant purchase orders to be canceled or changed, delays in product development efforts, uncertainty in user acceptance of our products, the ability to integrate our products and services with those of other parties in a commercially accepted manner, potential liabilities that can arise if any of our products have design or manufacturing defects, our ability to defend or settle satisfactorily any litigation, uncertainty in global economic conditions and economic conditions within particular regions of the world which could negatively affect product demand and the financial solvency of customers and suppliers, the impact of natural disasters and other events beyond our control that could negatively impact our supply chain and customers, potential unintended consequences associated with restructuring, reorganizations or other similar business initiatives that may impact our ability to retain important employees or otherwise impact our operations in unintended and adverse ways, the ability to achieve the anticipated benefits and synergies associated with acquisitions or divestitures and changes in our level of revenue or profitability which can fluctuate for many reasons beyond our control.
These and other risks, uncertainties and assumptions identified from time to time in our filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, including without limitation, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2020, this filing on Form 10-Q and other filings, could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. Many of such factors are beyond our ability to control or predict. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date for which they are made. We disclaim any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the values of purchased assets and assumed liabilities in acquisitions. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
A description of our critical accounting policies and estimates was provided in the Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
OVERVIEW
We are a leading global provider of business and mission-critical Internet-of-Things ("IoT") connectivity products, services and solutions comprised of two reporting segments: IoT Products & Services and IoT Solutions.
Our IoT Products & Services segment offers products and services that help original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs"), enterprise and government customers create and deploy, secure IoT connectivity solutions. From embedded and wireless modules to console servers, enterprise and industrial routers, we provide customers with a wide variety of communication sub-assemblies and finished products to meet their IoT communication requirements. In addition, the IoT Products & Services segment provides our customers with a device management platform and other professional services to enable customers to capture and manage data from devices they connect to networks.
Our IoT Solutions segment offers wireless temperature and other condition-based monitoring services as well as task management services. These solutions are focused on the following vertical markets: food service, retail, healthcare (primarily pharmacies), transportation/logistics and education. These solutions are marketed as SmartSense by Digi®. We have formed, expanded and enhanced the IoT Solutions segment through four acquisitions.
We compete for customers on the basis of existing and planned product features, service and software application capabilities, company reputation, brand recognition, technical support, alliance relationships, quality and reliability, product development capabilities, price and availability.
On October 7, 2020, our Board of Directors approved a reorganization of our IoT Products & Services business segment. The restructuring plan aligned the business segment's organization around product lines, each with a segment manager. Under this plan, we recorded a charge of $0.7 million for employee termination charges and eliminated 19 employment positions primarily in the U.S. during the first quarter of fiscal 2021. We have grouped our products under the following categories: Cellular Routers, Console Servers, OEM Solutions and Infrastructure Management. Consequently, the measure of segment operating income (loss) used by our chief operating decision maker ("CODM") changed. As a result, our disclosed measure of segment operating income (loss) has been updated. For further detail on segment performance, see the Revenue by Segment, Cost of Goods Sold and Gross Profit by Segment and Operating Income (Loss) sections of this Item 2.
In fiscal 2021, our key operating objectives include:
•continued growth of our SmartSense by Digi® business that is the base of our IoT Solutions segment;
•delivering growth within our IoT Products & Services segment through new product introductions;
•identification of strategic growth initiatives through acquisition; and
•optimizing our reduced fixed cost footprint with third-party manufacturing.
We utilize many financial, operational, and other metrics to evaluate our financial condition and financial performance. Below we highlight the metrics for the first quarter of fiscal 2021 that we feel are most important in these evaluations:
•Consolidated revenue increased $10.8 million, or 17.4% in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2020. Product revenue increased by $8.4 million, or 15.4%, in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 compared to the same period a year ago. Services revenue increased by $2.4 million, or 30.6%, in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 compared to the same period a year ago.
•Gross margin increased as a percentage of revenue to 56.1% in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 as compared to 48.9% in the first quarter of fiscal 2020.
•Net loss for the first fiscal quarter of 2021 was $0.3 million, or $0.01 loss per diluted share. Net income for the first fiscal quarter of 2020 was $0.2 million, or $0.01 per diluted share. Adjusted net income and adjusted net income per share was $9.9 million, or $0.32 per diluted share. In the first fiscal quarter of fiscal 2020, adjusted net income and adjusted net income per share was $4.5 million, or $0.15 per diluted share.
•Adjusted EBITDA for the first fiscal quarter of 2021 was $13.0 million, or 17.7% of total revenue. In the first fiscal quarter of fiscal 2020, Adjusted EBITDA was $6.7 million, or 10.7% of total revenue.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
Potential Impacts of COVID-19 on Our Business and Operations
As is the case with many businesses, the ongoing pandemic and related global economic downturn creates significant uncertainty regarding the nearer term outlook for the markets where we provide products and services. The pandemic and the economic downturn it triggered represents a fluid situation that presents a wide range of potential impacts on our own business and those of our customers, vendors and other business partners. As our products and services serve companies across a broad range of industries, in some instances we have seen demand increase while in others we have observed declines as a result of the societal impacts of the pandemic. At present, the duration and severity of the pandemic and the resulting economic downturn remain unclear.
Present State of Our Operations
During fiscal 2020, we took steps to lower our operating expenses as a result of the pandemic. We continue to monitor the impacts of COVID-19 on our operations closely and could increase or take further steps to decrease expenses as we believe circumstances warrant. Since the start of the pandemic there have not been any material changes to our assets on our balance sheet and, at present, we do not expect there to be material changes. During the first fiscal quarter of 2021, we reviewed the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on goodwill and intangible assets and determined there to be no material impact at that time. We also reviewed the potential impacts on future risks to the business as it relates to collections, returns and other business related items. No significant changes to these reserves have been made.
Potential Impacts on Our Supply Chain
To date, travel restrictions and border closures have only had minor impacts on our ability to obtain inventory or manufacture or deliver products or services to our customers. The impacts we have experienced have primarily impacted our IoT Solutions segment. We continue to monitor restrictions and border closures closely so we are positioned to mitigate the negative impacts of any future restrictions or closures. It is possible, however, that future restrictions or closures could negatively harm our business. Travel restrictions impacting people so far have not materially restrained our ability to assist our customers with on-site installation activities or product troubleshooting. At present, we do not expect impacts on personal travel to be material to our business operations or financial results. We have taken steps to restrain and monitor our operating expenses and therefore do not expect and such impacts to materially change the relationship between our costs and revenues.
Proactive Efforts to Mitigate the Negative Impacts of COVID-19
Like most companies, we have taken a range of actions with respect to how we operate to assure we comply with government restrictions and guidelines as well as best practices to protect the health and well-being of our employees and our ability to continue operating our business effectively. To date, we have been able to operate our business effectively using these measures and to maintain all internal controls as documented and posted. We also have not experienced challenges in maintaining business continuity and do not expect to incur material expenditures to do so. However, the impacts of the pandemic and efforts to mitigate the same have remained unpredictable and it remains possible that challenges may arise in the future.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth selected information derived from our interim condensed consolidated statements of operations:

|  |  |  | Three months ended December 31, | % incr.
($ in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 | (decr.)
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 73,146 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 62,317 |  |  | 100.0 | % | 17.4 |
Cost of sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 32,127 |  |  | 43.9 |  |  | 31,853 |  |  | 51.1 |  | 0.9 |
Gross profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 41,019 |  |  | 56.1 |  |  | 30,464 |  |  | 48.9 |  | 34.6 |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 41,165 |  |  | 56.3 |  |  | 30,947 |  |  | 49.7 |  | 33.0 |
Operating loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (146) |  |  | (0.2) |  |  | (483) |  |  | (0.8) |  | 69.8 |
Other expense, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (594) |  |  | (0.8) |  |  | (437) |  |  | (0.7) |  | NM
Loss before income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (740) |  |  | (1.0) |  |  | (920) |  |  | (1.5) |  | 19.6 |
Income tax benefit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (433) |  |  | (0.6) |  |  | (1,128) |  |  | (1.8) |  | NM
Net (loss) income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (307) |  |  | (0.4) | % |  | $ | 208 |  |  | 0.3 | % | (247.6) |

REVENUE BY SEGMENT

|  |  |  | Three months ended December 31, | % incr.
($ in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 | (decr.)
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 61,780 |  |  | 84.5 | % |  | $ | 54,613 |  |  | 87.6 | % | 13.1 |
IoT Solutions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,366 |  |  | 15.5 |  |  | 7,704 |  |  | 12.4 |  | 47.5 |
Total revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 73,146 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 62,317 |  |  | 100.0 | % | 17.4 |

IoT Products & Services
IoT Products & Services revenue increased 13.1% for the three months ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. This primarily was a result of:
•increased sales of our console servers primarily due to incremental revenue from our acquisition of Opengear in December 2019; and
•increased sales of technical services.
This increase partially was offset by:
•decreased sales of our cellular routers primarily related to large sales to an existing customer for our cellular products in the prior year that was not repeated this year.
IoT Solutions
IoT Solutions revenue increased 47.5% for the three months ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. This primarily was a result of:
•additional new and existing customer deployments and equipment upgrades; and
•an increase in recurring revenue from our subscription services as we service over 75,000 sites as of December 31, 2020, compared to nearly 67,000 sites as of December 31, 2019.
COST OF GOODS SOLD AND GROSS PROFIT BY SEGMENT

|  |  |  | Three months ended December 31, | Basis point
($ in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 | inc. (decr.)
Cost of Goods Sold |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 26,101 |  |  | 42.2 | % |  | $ | 27,962 |  |  | 51.2 | % | (900) |
IoT Solutions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,026 |  |  | 53.0 | % |  | 3,891 |  |  | 50.5 | % | 250 |
Total cost of goods sold |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 32,127 |  |  | 43.9 | % |  | $ | 31,853 |  |  | 51.1 | % | (720) |

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

|  |  |  | Three months ended December 31, | Basis point
($ in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 | inc. (decr.)
Gross Profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 35,679 |  |  | 57.8 | % |  | $ | 26,651 |  |  | 48.8 | % | 900 |
IoT Solutions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,340 |  |  | 47.0 | % |  | 3,813 |  |  | 49.5 | % | (250) |
Total gross profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 41,019 |  |  | 56.1 | % |  | $ | 30,464 |  |  | 48.9 | % | 720 |

IoT Product & Services
IoT Products & Services gross profit margin increased 900 basis points for the three months ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. This increase primarily was a result of:
•incremental gross profit from increased sales of our console servers, which have higher gross margins;
•a decrease in our cellular products gross profit which typically has lower gross margins; and
•increased sales from our technical services, which typically has higher gross margins.
IoT Solutions
The IoT Solutions gross profit margin decreased 250 basis points for the three months ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. This decrease primarily was a result of:
•higher portion of revenue attributed to hardware product sales, which carry a lower gross margin;
•increased freight and tariff charges incurred in first quarter of fiscal 2021; and
•remediation and warranty claims in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year.
This was partially offset by:
•increased recurring subscription revenue, which typically has higher gross margins.
OPERATING EXPENSES
Below is our operating expenses and operating expenses as a percentage of total revenue:

|  |  |  |  |  |  | Three months ended December 31, |  | $ |  | %
($ in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | incr. (decr.) |  | incr. (decr.)
Operating Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 14,924 |  |  | 20.4 | % |  | $ | 12,061 |  |  | 19.4 | % |  | $ | 2,863 |  |  | 23.7 |
Research and development |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,093 |  |  | 15.2 | % |  | 10,331 |  |  | 16.6 | % |  | 762 |  |  | 7.4 |
General and administrative |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14,415 |  |  | 19.7 | % |  | 8,555 |  |  | 13.7 | % |  | 5,860 |  |  | 68.5 |
Restructuring charge |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 733 |  |  | 1.0 | % |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | 733 |  |  | NM
Total operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 41,165 |  |  | 56.3 | % |  | $ | 30,947 |  |  | 49.7 | % |  | $ | 10,218 |  |  | 33.0 |

NM means not meaningful
The $10.2 million increase in operating expenses in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 from the first quarter of fiscal 2020 primarily was the result of:
•an increase of $5.5 million in earn-out expenses as a result of revenue from Opengear exceeding our previous estimate;
•an increase of $3.6 million in compensation related expenses primarily related to incremental salaries and bonuses from Opengear acquired in December 2019 and additional commission expense due to increased revenue performance of Opengear in the first quarter of fiscal 2021;
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
•an increase in $1.1 million primarily related to incremental amortization due to the acquisition of Opengear acquired in December 2019;
•a $0.9 million increase in professional fees; and
•a $0.7 million increase related to severance expense from the restructuring that took place during the first quarter of fiscal 2021.
This increase partially was offset by:
•a decrease of $1.9 in acquisition expenses; and
•a decrease of $0.8 million in travel related expenses as events and travel were restricted due to COVID-19.
OPERATING INCOME (LOSS)
Operating loss was $0.1 million for the first quarter of fiscal 2021, compared to an operating loss of $0.5 million for the first quarter of 2020.
IoT Product & Services provided operating income of $1.3 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 compared to $4.4 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, a decrease of $3.1 million, or 71.1%. Included in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 was an earn-out adjustment of $5.8 million. Other drivers for the decrease in operating income are described above in the revenue, gross profit and operating expenses details.
IoT Solutions had an operating loss of $1.4 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 compared to an operating loss of $4.9 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, an improvement of $3.5 million, or 71.0%. Drivers for the improvement in operating loss are described above in the revenue, gross profit and operating expenses details.
OTHER EXPENSE, NET

|  |  |  |  |  |  | Three months ended December 31, |  | $ |  | %
($ in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | incr. (decr.) |  | incr. (decr.)
Other expense, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — | % |  | $ | 231 |  |  | 0.4 | % |  | $ | (231) |  |  | (100.0) |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (402) |  |  | (0.5) | % |  | (432) |  |  | (0.7) | % |  | 30 |  |  | (6.9) |
Other expense, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (192) |  |  | (0.3) | % |  | (236) |  |  | (0.4) | % |  | 44 |  |  | (18.6) |
Total other expense, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (594) |  |  | (0.8) | % |  | $ | (437) |  |  | (0.7) | % |  | $ | (157) |  |  | NM

NM means not meaningful
The $0.2 million increase in other expense, net in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 from the first quarter of fiscal 2020 primarily was the result of a decrease in interest income of $0.2 million related to the money market fund that was closed in December 2019.
INCOME TAXES
See Note 10 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of income taxes.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL INFORMATION
This report includes adjusted net income, adjusted net income per diluted share and adjusted earnings before interest, taxes and amortization ("Adjusted EBITDA"), each of which is a non-GAAP financial measure.
We understand that there are material limitations on the use of non-GAAP measures. Non-GAAP measures are not substitutes for GAAP measures, such as net income, for the purpose of analyzing financial performance. The disclosure of these measures does not reflect all charges and gains that were actually recognized by Digi. These non-GAAP measures are not in accordance with, or, an alternative for measures prepared in accordance with GAAP and may be different from non-GAAP measures used by other companies or presented by us in prior reports. In addition, these non-GAAP measures are not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles. We believe that non-GAAP measures have limitations in that they do not
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
reflect all of the amounts associated with our results of operations as determined in accordance with GAAP. We believe these measures should only be used to evaluate our results of operations in conjunction with the corresponding GAAP measures. Additionally, Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures, the cash requirements for the replacement of depreciated and amortized assets, or changes in or cash requirements for our working capital needs.
We believe that providing historical and adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share, respectively, exclusive of such items as reversals of tax reserves, discrete tax benefits, restructuring charges and reversals, intangible amortization, stock-based compensation, other non-operating income/expense, changes in fair value of contingent consideration, acquisition-related expenses and interest expense related to acquisitions permits investors to compare results with prior periods that did not include these items. Management uses the aforementioned non-GAAP measures to monitor and evaluate ongoing operating results and trends and to gain an understanding of our comparative operating performance. In addition, certain of our stockholders have expressed an interest in seeing financial performance measures exclusive of the impact of these matters, which while important, are not central to the core operations of our business. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA, defined as EBITDA adjusted for stock-based compensation expense, acquisition-related expenses, restructuring charges and reversals, and changes in fair value of contingent consideration is useful to investors to evaluate the Company's core operating results and financial performance because it excludes items that are significant non-cash or non-recurring items reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. We believe that the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue is useful because it provides a reliable and consistent approach to measuring our performance from year to year and in assessing our performance against that of other companies. We believe this information helps compare operating results and corporate performance exclusive of the impact of our capital structure and the method by which assets were acquired.
Below are reconciliations from GAAP to Non-GAAP information that we feel is important to our business:
Reconciliation of Net (Loss) Income to Adjusted EBITDA
(In thousands)

|  |  | Three months ended December 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | % of total revenue |  |  |  | % of total revenue
Total revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 73,146 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 62,317 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Net (loss) income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (307) |  |  |  |  | $ | 208 |  |  |
Interest expense, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 402 |  |  |  |  | 201 |  |  |
Income tax benefit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (433) |  |  |  |  | (1,128) |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,050 |  |  |  |  | 3,617 |  |  |
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,745 |  |  |  |  | 1,600 |  |  |
Changes in fair value of contingent consideration |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,772 |  |  |  |  | 259 |  |  |
Restructuring charge |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 733 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Acquisition expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  |  | 1,906 |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDA(1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,977 |  |  | 17.7 | % |  | $ | 6,663 |  |  | 10.7 | %

(1)Beginning in fiscal 2021, Adjusted EBITDA now excludes changes in fair value of contingent consideration. The prior year presentation has been adjusted to conform to the current year presentation.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
Reconciliation of Net (Loss) Income and Net (Loss) Income per Diluted Share to
Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income per Diluted Share
(In thousands, except per share amounts)

|  |  | Three months ended December 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net (loss) income and net (loss) income per diluted share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (307) |  |  | $ | (0.01) |  |  | $ | 208 |  |  | $ | 0.01 |
Amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,961 |  |  | 0.13 |  |  | 2,448 |  |  | 0.08 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,745 |  |  | 0.06 |  |  | 1,600 |  |  | 0.05 |
Other non-operating expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 192 |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | 236 |  |  | 0.01 |
Acquisition expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,906 |  |  | 0.06 |
Changes in fair value of contingent consideration |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,772 |  |  | 0.19 |  |  | 259 |  |  | 0.01 |
Restructuring charge |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 733 |  |  | 0.02 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest expense related to acquisition |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 402 |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | 416 |  |  | 0.01 |
Tax effect from the above adjustments (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,355) |  |  | (0.08) |  |  | (1,618) |  |  | (0.05) |
Discrete tax benefits (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (252) |  |  | (0.01) |  |  | (959) |  |  | (0.03) |
Adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 9,906 |  |  | $ | 0.32 |  |  | $ | 4,496 |  |  | $ | 0.15 |
Diluted weighted average common shares (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 30,532 |  |  |  | 29,614

(1)The tax effect from the above adjustments assumes an estimated effective tax rate of 18.0% for fiscal 2021 and 20.2% for fiscal 2020 based on adjusted net income.
(2)For the three months ended December 30, 2020, discrete tax benefits primarily are a result of excess tax benefits recognized on stock compensation. For the three months ended December 31, 2019, discrete tax benefits were primarily a result of excess tax benefits on stock compensation and an adjustment of our state deferred tax rate due to the Opengear acquisition.
(3)Adjusted net income per diluted share may not add due to the use of rounded numbers.
(4)Diluted weighted average common shares for the three months ended December 31, 2020 include 1,157,727 common stock options and restricted stock units due to the adjusted net income position.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Historically we have financed our operations and capital expenditures principally with funds generated from operations. Our liquidity requirements arise from our working capital needs, and to a lesser extent, our need to fund capital expenditures to support our current operations and facilitate growth and expansion.
In the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we incurred debt of $110 million associated with our acquisition of Opengear. As of December 31, 2020, $100 million remained available under the Revolving Loan, which included $10 million available for a letter of credit subfacility and $10 million available under a swingline subfacility, the outstanding amounts of which decrease the available commitment. During the first quarter of fiscal 2021, we repaid the final $15 million of the Revolving Loan. For additional information regarding the terms of our Credit Facility, including the Revolving Loan and its subfacilities, see Note 7 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
We expect positive cash flows from operations for the foreseeable future. We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents balances, cash generated from operations and our ability to borrow under our credit facility will be sufficient to fund our business operations and capital expenditures for the next twelve months and beyond. As follows, our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the three months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 is summarized:

|  | Three months ended December 31,
($ in thousands) |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Operating activities |  | $ | 8,312 |  |  | $ | (22,067) |
Investing activities |  | (777) |  |  | (136,294) |
Financing activities |  | (12,793) |  |  | 112,869 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  | 392 |  |  | 1,772 |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | (4,866) |  |  | $ | (43,720) |

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
Cash flows from operating activities increased $30.4 million primarily as a result of:
•increased changes in operating assets and liabilities (net of acquisitions) of $23.0 million. This primarily was due to a decrease in accounts receivable due to ramped up collections in the current fiscal year in addition to increased accounts receivable in the prior fiscal year. There was also an increase in accrued liabilities, partially offset by a decrease in accounts payable in the current fiscal year; and
•a decrease in net income of $0.5 million, partially offset by non-cash adjustments of $7.9 million. These non-cash adjustments include an accrual for additional earn-out provision.
Cash flows from investing activities increased $135.5 million primarily as a result of:
•an increase of $136.1 million related to the purchase of Opengear in the prior fiscal year;
•a partial offset to these decreases was $0.6 million related to additional purchases of property, equipment, and facilities improvements in the prior fiscal year.
Cash flows from financing activities decreased $125.6 million primarily as a result of:
•a decrease of $110.0 related to proceeds of long-term debt from the Revolving Loan and Term Loan in the prior fiscal year (see Note 7 to the condensed consolidated financial statements); and
•a decrease of $15.6 million related to payments on long-term debt.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations at December 31, 2020:

|  | Payments due by fiscal period
($ in thousands) |  | Total |  | Less than 1 year |  | 1-3 years |  | 3-5 years |  | Thereafter
Operating leases |  | $ | 27,066 |  |  | $ | 3,717 |  |  | $ | 6,483 |  |  | $ | 5,762 |  |  | $ | 11,104 |
Contingent consideration |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Term loan |  | $ | 47,500 |  |  | $ | 2,500 |  |  | $ | 7,500 |  |  | $ | 37,500 |  |  | $ | — |
Interest on long-term debt |  | $ | 3,076 |  |  | $ | 639 |  |  | $ | 1,590 |  |  | $ | 847 |  |  | $ | — |
Total |  | $ | 87,642 |  |  | $ | 16,856 |  |  | $ | 15,573 |  |  | $ | 44,109 |  |  | $ | 11,104 |

The operating lease agreements included above primarily relate to office space. The table above does not include possible payments for uncertain tax positions. Our reserve for uncertain tax positions, including accrued interest and penalties, was $2.6 million as of December 31, 2020. Due to the nature of the underlying liabilities and the extended time often needed to resolve income tax uncertainties, we cannot make reliable estimates of the amount or timing of future cash payments that may be required to settle these liabilities. The above table also does not include those obligations for royalties under license agreements as these royalties are calculated based on future sales of licensed products and we cannot make reliable estimates of the amount of cash payments.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
For information on new accounting pronouncements, see Note 1 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to ongoing market risk related to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.
INTEREST RATE RISK
We may be exposed to interest rate risk should we decide to invest in marketable securities. When we hold marketable securities, we classify them as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. Our investments may consist of money market funds, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate bonds and government municipal bonds. Our investment policy specifies the types of eligible investments and minimum credit quality of our investments, as well as diversification and concentration limits which mitigate our risk. We do not use derivative financial instruments to hedge against interest rate risk because the majority of our investments mature in less than one year.
We are exposed to market risks related to fluctuations in interest rates on amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2020, we had $47.5 million outstanding under our Term Loan and nothing outstanding under our Revolving Loan. Prior to May 4, 2020, borrowings under the Credit Facility bore interest rates based on an underlying variable benchmark plus applicable margin based on our total leverage ("ABR"); this interest rate was reset quarterly. Effective May 4, 2020, borrowings under the Credit Facility bear a variable interest rate of LIBOR plus an applicable margin spread from 3.25% to 1.25%. The amount of the applicable margin spread is a function of our leverage ratio and is reset monthly. Based on the balance sheet position for both the Term Loan and Revolving Loan at December 31, 2020, the annualized effect of a 25 basis point change in interest rates would increase or decrease our interest expense by $0.1 million. For additional information, see Note 7 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. For our Credit Facility, interest rate changes generally do not affect the fair value of the debt instruments, but do impact future earnings and cash flows, assuming other factors are held constant.
FOREIGN CURRENCY RISK
We are not exposed to foreign currency transaction risk associated with sales transactions as the majority of our sales are denominated in U.S. Dollars. We are exposed to foreign currency translation risk as the financial position and operating results of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. Dollars for consolidation. We manage our net asset or net liability position for non-functional currency accounts, primarily the U.S. Dollar accounts in our foreign locations to reduce our foreign currency risk. We have not implemented a formal hedging strategy.
A 10% change in the average exchange rate for the Euro, British Pound, Japanese Yen and Canadian Dollar to the U.S. Dollar during the first three months of fiscal 2021 would have resulted in a 0.9% increase or decrease in stockholders' equity due to foreign currency translation.
CREDIT RISK
We have exposure to credit risk related to our accounts receivable portfolio. Exposure to credit risk is controlled through regular monitoring of customer financial status, credit limits and collaboration with sales management and customer contacts to facilitate payment.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
As of the end of the period covered by this report, we conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act")). Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended December 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The disclosure set forth under the heading "Litigation" in Note 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those previously disclosed in Item 1A of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2020.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table presents the information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of Digi International Inc. or any "affiliated purchaser" (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), of our common stock during the first quarter of fiscal 2021:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased(1) |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Program |  | Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program
October 1, 2020 - October 31, 2020 |  | 765 |  |  | $ | 14.73 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
November 1, 2020 - November 30, 2020 |  | 58,922 |  |  | $ | 17.16 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
December 1, 2020 - December 31, 2020 |  | 24,241 |  |  | $ | 17.45 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
|  | 83,928 |  | $ | 17.22 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |

(1) All shares reported were forfeited by employees in connection with the satisfaction of tax withholding obligations related to the vesting of restricted stock units.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
None.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit No. | Description | Method of Filing
3 |  | (a) | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended (1) | Incorporated by Reference
3 |  | (b) | Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Company (2) | Incorporated by Reference
10 |  | (a) | Digi International Inc. 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan* (3) | Incorporated by Reference
31 |  | (a) | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer | Filed Electronically
31 |  | (b) | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer | Filed Electronically
32 |  |  | Section 1350 Certification | Filed Electronically
101 |  |  | The following materials from Digi International Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal period ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the Security and Exchange Commission, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations; (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (iii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets; (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity; and (vi) the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. | Filed Electronically
104 |  |  | The cover page from Digi International Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended December 31, 2020 is formatted in iXBRL (included in Exhibit 101). |

____________
* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit to this Form 10-Q.
(1)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(a) to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 1993.
(2)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 30, 2020.
(3)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 4, 2021.
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Table of Contents
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC. |
Date: | February 5, 2021 | By: | /s/ James J. Loch |
|  |  | James J. Loch |
|  |  | Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer and Authorized Officer) |

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