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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block] | 10. INCOME TAXES The components of income before income taxes are (in thousands):
| Year ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
United States | $ | 19,088 |  |  | $ | 21,149 |  |  | $ | 13,220 |
International | 3,770 |  |  | 3,769 |  |  | 5,408 |
Income before income taxes | $ | 22,858 |  |  | $ | 24,918 |  |  | $ | 18,628 |
The components of the income tax expense are (in thousands):
| Year ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Current: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 9,149 |  |  | $ | 9,894 |  |  | $ | 281 |
State | 1,995 |  |  | 1,955 |  |  | 766 |
Foreign | 832 |  |  | 598 |  |  | 1,277 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | (11,189) |  |  | (12,131) |  |  | (2,982) |
Foreign | (434) |  |  | (168) |  |  | (97) |
Income tax (benefit) expense | $ | 353 |  |  | $ | 148 |  |  | $ | (755) |
10. INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Net deferred tax liability consists of (in thousands):
| As of September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Non-current deferred tax asset | $ | 16,141 |  |  | $ | 4,884 |
Non-current deferred tax liability | (1,308) |  |  | (1,812) |
Net deferred tax asset (liability) | $ | 14,833 |  |  | $ | 3,072 |
Depreciation and amortization | $ | (4,735) |  |  | $ | (3,362) |
Lease asset | (2,283) |  |  | (2,866) |
Lease liability | 3,183 |  |  | 3,897 |
Inventories | 6,614 |  |  | 6,407 |
Compensation costs | 5,552 |  |  | 5,559 |
Deferred Revenue | 7,595 |  |  | 5,687 |
Other accruals | 5,805 |  |  | 3,324 |
Tax credit carryforwards | 3,854 |  |  | 3,867 |
Valuation allowance | (3,317) |  |  | (3,254) |
Identifiable intangible assets | (25,533) |  |  | (25,276) |
Research and development costs | 18,098 |  |  | 9,089 |
Net deferred tax asset (liability) | $ | 14,833 |  |  | $ | 3,072 |
As of September 30, 2024, we had $3.2 million of tax carryforwards (net of reserves) related to state research and development tax credits. We also had $0.2 million of State net operating losses, non-U.S. net operating losses of $0.2 million, U.S. foreign tax credits of $0.1 million and foreign tax credits of $0.2 million. The majority of our state research and development tax credits have a 15-year carryforward period. The majority of our non-U.S. net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards have an unlimited carryforward period. Our non-U.S. tax credit carryforwards will expire in 2034. Our valuation allowance for certain U.S. and foreign attributes was $3.3 million at September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023. The deferred tax assets realized could vary if there are differences in the timing or amount of future reversals of existing deferred tax liabilities or changes in the amounts of future taxable income. If future taxable income projections are not realized, an additional valuation allowance may be required. This would be reflected as income tax expense at the time that any such change in future taxable income is determined. 10. INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) The reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax amount to our income tax benefit is (in thousands):
| Year ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Statutory income tax amount | $ | 4,800 |  |  | $ | 5,233 |  |  | $ | 3,912 |
Increase (decrease) resulting from: |  |  |  |  |
State taxes, net of federal benefits | 401 |  |  | 636 |  |  | 85 |
Transaction costs | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Employee stock purchase plan | 159 |  |  | 165 |  |  | 98 |
Foreign operations | 1,751 |  |  | 984 |  |  | 1,552 |
Non-deductible executive compensation | 519 |  |  | 373 |  |  | 291 |
Utilization of research and development tax credits | (5,224) |  |  | (4,678) |  |  | (2,780) |
ASU 2016-09 excess stock compensation | (47) |  |  | (1,678) |  |  | (2,967) |
Contingent consideration | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,239) |
Changes from provision to return | (791) |  |  | 181 |  |  | 413 |
Adjustment of tax contingency reserves | 491 |  |  | 238 |  |  | 417 |
U.S. deduction for foreign export sales | (1,827) |  |  | (1,419) |  |  | (584) |
Other, net | 121 |  |  | 113 |  |  | 45 |
Income tax (benefit) expense | $ | 353 |  |  | $ | 148 |  |  | $ | (755) |
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is (in thousands):
| Year ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of fiscal year | $ | 3,162 |  |  | $ | 3,316 |  |  | $ | 2,908 |
Increases related to: |  |  |  |  |
Prior year income tax positions | 71 |  |  | 100 |  |  | — |
Current year income tax positions | 768 |  |  | 858 |  |  | 524 |
Decreases related to: |  |  |  |  |
Prior year income tax positions | — |  |  | (159) |  |  | (21) |
Expiration of statute of limitations | (399) |  |  | (953) |  |  | (95) |
Unrecognized tax benefits at end of fiscal year | $ | 3,602 |  |  | $ | 3,162 |  |  | $ | 3,316 |
The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits ("UTB") at September 30, 2024 that, if recognized, would affect our effective tax rate was $3.4 million. We expect that it is reasonably possible that the total amounts of UTB will decrease by approximately $0.4 million over the next 12 months due to the expiration of various statutes of limitations. Of the $3.6 million of UTB, $2.7 million is included in non-current income taxes payable and $0.9 million is included with non-current deferred tax assets on the consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2024. We recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. During fiscal 2024 and 2023, there were insignificant amounts of interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. We accrued $0.1 million in interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2024 and 2023. These accrued interest and penalties are included in our non-current income taxes payable on our consolidated balance sheets. 10. INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) We operate in multiple tax jurisdictions both in the U.S. and outside of the U.S. and face audits from various tax authorities regarding transfer pricing, tax credits, and other matters. Accordingly we must determine the appropriate allocation of income to each of these jurisdictions. This determination requires us to make several estimates and assumptions. Tax audits associated with the allocation of this income, and other complex issues, may require an extended period of time to resolve and may result in adjustments to our income tax balances in those years that are material to our consolidated balance sheets and results of operations. We file a U.S. federal income tax return and income tax returns in various states and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to state and local or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before fiscal year 2020. At September 30, 2024, the majority of undistributed foreign earnings were taxed under the one time transition tax and the global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") provision of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Additionally, the previously un-taxed accumulated undistributed foreign earnings from prior fiscal years are still permanently reinvested and, as such, we have not accrued additional U.S. tax. It is our position that the earnings of our foreign subsidiaries are to be reinvested indefinitely to fund current operations and provide for future international expansion opportunities and only repatriate earnings to the extent that U.S. taxes have already been recorded. As of September 30, 2024, we are permanently reinvested with respect to previously non-taxed accumulated earnings in all jurisdictions. Undistributed foreign earnings remain indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations. If we change our assertion from indefinitely reinvesting undistributed foreign earnings, we would have to accrue applicable taxes. The amount of any taxes and the application of any tax credits would be determined based on the income tax laws at the time of such repatriation. Under current tax law, we estimate the unrecognized tax liability to be immaterial.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 946 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 13 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-13 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2)) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//740/tableOfContent Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 14 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-14 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-21 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 270 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482526/740-270-50-1 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 17 -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-2 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 30 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482603/740-30-50-2 + Details
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