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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

☑ |  | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: June 30, 2024
OR

☐ |  | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .
Commission file number: 001-34033
DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 41-1532464
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

9350 Excelsior Blvd. | Suite 700 |  |
Hopkins | Minnesota |  | 55343
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(952) 912-3444
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share |  | DGII |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☑
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
Emerging growth company |  | ☐ |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
On August 2, 2024, there were 36,415,184 shares of the registrant's $.01 par value Common Stock outstanding.

INDEX

| Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. Unaudited Financial Statements: |
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations | 1
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 2
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity | 5
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 6
ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 17
ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 25
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures | 26
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings | 27
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors | 27
ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 28
ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 28
ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | 28
ITEM 5. Other Information | 28
ITEM 6. Exhibits | 29

i

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Nine months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
| (in thousands, except per share data)
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product | $ | 74,618 |  |  | $ | 81,714 |  |  | $ | 230,300 |  |  | $ | 247,288 |
Service | 30,585 |  |  | 30,522 |  |  | 88,694 |  |  | 85,398 |
Total revenue | 105,203 |  |  | 112,236 |  |  | 318,994 |  |  | 332,686 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of product | 35,846 |  |  | 40,650 |  |  | 111,506 |  |  | 120,480 |
Cost of service | 6,147 |  |  | 6,814 |  |  | 18,954 |  |  | 20,985 |
Amortization | 952 |  |  | 953 |  |  | 2,858 |  |  | 3,009 |
Total cost of sales | 42,945 |  |  | 48,417 |  |  | 133,318 |  |  | 144,474 |
Gross profit | 62,258 |  |  | 63,819 |  |  | 185,676 |  |  | 188,212 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing | 21,501 |  |  | 20,974 |  |  | 61,688 |  |  | 60,421 |
Research and development | 15,132 |  |  | 14,945 |  |  | 44,809 |  |  | 44,194 |
General and administrative | 12,717 |  |  | 15,424 |  |  | 45,987 |  |  | 46,983 |
Total operating expenses | 49,350 |  |  | 51,343 |  |  | 152,484 |  |  | 151,598 |
Operating income | 12,908 |  |  | 12,476 |  |  | 33,192 |  |  | 36,614 |
Other expense, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | (3,234) |  |  | (6,603) |  |  | (12,592) |  |  | (18,967) |
Debt issuance cost write off | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9,722) |  |  | — |
Other (expense) income, net | (14) |  |  | 15 |  |  | (72) |  |  | 79 |
Total other expense, net | (3,248) |  |  | (6,588) |  |  | (22,386) |  |  | (18,888) |
Income before income taxes | 9,660 |  |  | 5,888 |  |  | 10,806 |  |  | 17,726 |
Income tax (benefit) provision | (42) |  |  | (839) |  |  | 164 |  |  | (679) |
Net income | $ | 9,702 |  |  | $ | 6,727 |  |  | $ | 10,642 |  |  | $ | 18,405 |
Net income per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.27 |  |  | $ | 0.19 |  |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 0.51 |
Diluted | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.18 |  |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 0.50 |
Weighted average common shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 36,375 |  |  | 35,889 |  |  | 36,266 |  |  | 35,761 |
Diluted | 37,026 |  |  | 36,817 |  |  | 36,921 |  |  | 36,838 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
1

Table of Contents
DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(UNAUDITED)

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Nine months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
| (in thousands)
Net income | $ | 9,702 |  |  | $ | 6,727 |  |  | $ | 10,642 |  |  | $ | 18,405 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (65) |  |  | (109) |  |  | 2,283 |  |  | 1,358 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income | (65) |  |  | (109) |  |  | 2,283 |  |  | 1,358 |
Comprehensive income | $ | 9,637 |  |  | $ | 6,618 |  |  | $ | 12,925 |  |  | $ | 19,763 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
2

Table of Contents
DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)

| June 30, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023
| (in thousands, except share data)
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 28,337 |  |  | $ | 31,693 |
Accounts receivable, net | 71,190 |  |  | 55,997 |
Inventories | 56,665 |  |  | 74,396 |
Other current assets | 8,327 |  |  | 4,112 |
Total current assets | 164,519 |  |  | 166,198 |
Property, equipment and improvements, net | 32,714 |  |  | 29,108 |
Intangible assets, net | 258,868 |  |  | 277,084 |
Goodwill | 341,916 |  |  | 341,593 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 10,858 |  |  | 12,876 |
Deferred tax assets | 7,857 |  |  | 4,884 |
Other non-current assets | 3,694 |  |  | 3,788 |
Total assets | $ | 820,426 |  |  | $ | 835,531 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Current portion of long-term debt | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,523 |
Accounts payable | 20,856 |  |  | 17,148 |
Accrued compensation | 12,643 |  |  | 16,427 |
Unearned revenue | 30,468 |  |  | 25,274 |
Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 3,032 |  |  | 3,352 |
Income taxes payable | 1,334 |  |  | 1,116 |
Other current liabilities | 14,020 |  |  | 7,138 |
Total current liabilities | 82,353 |  |  | 85,978 |
Income taxes payable | 2,343 |  |  | 2,308 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 1,815 |  |  | 1,812 |
Long-term debt | 151,618 |  |  | 188,051 |
Operating lease liabilities | 11,945 |  |  | 13,989 |
Other non-current liabilities | 7,298 |  |  | 2,905 |
Total liabilities | 257,372 |  |  | 295,043 |
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 11) |  |  |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $.01 par value; 60,000,000 shares authorized; 42,881,585 and 42,501,150 shares issued | 429 |  |  | 425 |
Additional paid-in capital | 415,483 |  |  | 403,735 |
Retained earnings | 235,487 |  |  | 224,845 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (24,728) |  |  | (27,011) |
Treasury stock, at cost, 6,474,271 and 6,436,204 shares | (63,617) |  |  | (61,506) |
Total stockholders' equity | 563,054 |  |  | 540,488 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 820,426 |  |  | $ | 835,531 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

Table of Contents
DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)

| Nine months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (in thousands)
Operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 10,642 |  |  | $ | 18,405 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation of property, equipment and improvements | 5,977 |  |  | 4,997 |
Amortization | 18,925 |  |  | 20,449 |
Write-off of debt issuance costs | 9,722 |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation | 10,093 |  |  | 9,852 |
Deferred income tax benefit | (2,970) |  |  | (6,495) |
Litigation accrual | 6,253 |  |  | — |
Other | (1,817) |  |  | 21 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities | (168) |  |  | (19,425) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 56,657 |  |  | 27,804 |
Investing activities: |  |  |
Purchase of property, equipment, improvements and certain other intangible assets | (1,282) |  |  | (3,842) |
Proceeds from sale of property, equipment, improvements and certain other intangible assets | 2,229 |  |  | — |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 947 |  |  | (3,842) |
Financing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from long-term debt | 214,062 |  |  | — |
Payments on long-term debt | (276,225) |  |  | (29,375) |
Proceeds from stock option plan transactions | 952 |  |  | 2,616 |
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan transactions | 2,061 |  |  | 1,689 |
Taxes paid for net share settlement of share-based payment options and awards | (3,466) |  |  | (3,850) |
Net cash used in financing activities | (62,616) |  |  | (28,920) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 1,656 |  |  | (362) |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (3,356) |  |  | (5,320) |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 31,693 |  |  | 34,900 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 28,337 |  |  | $ | 29,580 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |
Interest paid | $ | 11,780 |  |  | $ | 20,519 |
Income taxes paid, net | 4,559 |  |  | 4,666 |
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |
Transfer of inventory to property, equipment and improvements | (8,354) |  |  | (3,175) |
Accrual for purchase of property, equipment, improvements and certain other intangible assets | $ | (128) |  |  | $ | (157) |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  | Other |  | Total
|  | Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock |  | Paid-In |  | Retained |  | Comprehensive |  | Stockholders'
(in thousands) |  | Shares |  | Par Value |  | Shares |  | Value |  | Capital |  | Earnings |  | (Loss) Income |  | Equity
Balances, March 31, 2023 |  | 42,325 |  |  | $ | 423 |  |  | 6,464 |  |  | $ | (61,446) |  |  | $ | 394,036 |  |  | $ | 211,753 |  |  | $ | (24,587) |  |  | $ | 520,179 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,727 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,727 |
Other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (109) |  |  | (109) |
Employee stock purchase plan issuances |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (18) |  |  | 173 |  |  | 347 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 520 |
Taxes paid for net share settlement of share-based payment awards |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | (197) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (197) |
Issuance of stock under stock award plans |  | 83 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 943 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 944 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,519 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,519 |
Balances, June 30, 2023 |  | 42,408 |  |  | $ | 424 |  |  | 6,452 |  |  | $ | (61,470) |  |  | $ | 398,845 |  |  | $ | 218,480 |  |  | $ | (24,696) |  |  | $ | 531,583 |
Balances, September 30, 2022 |  | 41,950 |  |  | $ | 420 |  |  | 6,413 |  |  | $ | (58,172) |  |  | $ | 385,244 |  |  | $ | 200,075 |  |  | $ | (26,054) |  |  | $ | 501,513 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,405 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,405 |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,358 |  |  | 1,358 |
Employee stock purchase plan issuances |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (58) |  |  | 553 |  |  | 1,137 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,690 |
Taxes paid for net share settlement of share-based payment awards |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 97 |  |  | (3,851) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,851) |
Issuance of stock under stock award plans |  | 458 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,612 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,616 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,852 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,852 |
Balances, June 30, 2023 |  | 42,408 |  |  | $ | 424 |  |  | 6,452 |  |  | $ | (61,470) |  |  | $ | 398,845 |  |  | $ | 218,480 |  |  | $ | (24,696) |  |  | $ | 531,583 |
Balances, March 31, 2024 |  | 42,854 |  |  | $ | 429 |  |  | 6,492 |  |  | $ | (63,683) |  |  | $ | 411,759 |  |  | $ | 225,785 |  |  | $ | (24,663) |  |  | $ | 549,627 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,702 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,702 |
Other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (65) |  |  | (65) |
Employee stock purchase plan issuances |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (25) |  |  | 242 |  |  | 327 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 569 |
Taxes paid for net share settlement of share-based payment options and awards |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | (176) |  |  | (505) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (681) |
Issuance of stock under stock award plans |  | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 388 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 388 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,514 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,514 |
Balances, June 30, 2024 |  | 42,882 |  |  | $ | 429 |  |  | 6,474 |  |  | $ | (63,617) |  |  | $ | 415,483 |  |  | $ | 235,487 |  |  | $ | (24,728) |  |  | $ | 563,054 |
Balances, September 30, 2023 |  | 42,501 |  |  | $ | 425 |  |  | 6,436 |  |  | $ | (61,506) |  |  | $ | 403,735 |  |  | $ | 224,845 |  |  | $ | (27,011) |  |  | $ | 540,488 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,642 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,642 |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,283 |  |  | 2,283 |
Employee stock purchase plan issuances |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (75) |  |  | 733 |  |  | 948 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,681 |
Taxes paid for net share settlement of share-based payment awards |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 113 |  |  | (2,844) |  |  | (622) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,466) |
Issuance of stock under stock award plans |  | 381 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,329 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,333 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,093 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,093 |
Balances, June 30, 2024 |  | 42,882 |  |  | $ | 429 |  |  | 6,474 |  |  | $ | (63,617) |  |  | $ | 415,483 |  |  | $ | 235,487 |  |  | $ | (24,728) |  |  | $ | 563,054 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION OF UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Digi International Inc. ("we," "us," "our," "Digi" or "the Company") have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission applicable to interim financial statements. While these financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for fair presentation of the results of the interim period, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for complete financial statements. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statement disclosures in Part I, Item 1 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2023. We use the same accounting policies in preparing quarterly and annual financial statements. The quarterly results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
2. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators in the net income per common share calculations (in thousands, except per common share data):

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Nine months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 9,702 |  |  | $ | 6,727 |  |  | $ | 10,642 |  |  | $ | 18,405 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Denominator for basic net income per common share — weighted average shares outstanding | 36,375 |  |  | 35,889 |  |  | 36,266 |  |  | 35,761 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options and restricted stock units | 651 |  |  | 928 |  |  | 655 |  |  | 1,077 |
Denominator for diluted net income per common share — adjusted weighted average shares | 37,026 |  |  | 36,817 |  |  | 36,921 |  |  | 36,838 |
Net income per common share, basic | $ | 0.27 |  |  | $ | 0.19 |  |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 0.51 |
Net income per common share, diluted | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.18 |  |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 0.50 |

Digi excludes certain stock options and restricted stock unit awards that would have an anti-dilutive effect on our diluted net income per share calculation. For the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, 646,564 and 599,957 shares outstanding were excluded, respectively. For the nine months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, 710,370 and 477,521 shares outstanding were excluded, respectively.
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3. SELECTED BALANCE SHEET DATA
The following table shows selected balance sheet data (in thousands):

| June 30, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023
Accounts receivable, net: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | $ | 76,501 |  |  | $ | 61,880 |
Less allowance for credit losses | 1,457 |  |  | 1,693 |
Less reserve for future credit returns and pricing adjustments | 3,854 |  |  | 4,190 |
Accounts receivable, net | $ | 71,190 |  |  | $ | 55,997 |
Inventories: |  |  |
Raw materials | $ | 21,509 |  |  | $ | 29,974 |
Work in process | 22 |  |  | 66 |
Finished goods | 35,134 |  |  | 44,356 |
Inventories | $ | 56,665 |  |  | $ | 74,396 |

4. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
Amortizable intangible assets were (in thousands):

| June 30, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023
| Gross carrying amount |  | Accum. amort. |  | Net |  | Gross carrying amount |  | Accum. amort. |  | Net
Purchased and core technology | $ | 85,018 |  |  | $ | (62,678) |  |  | $ | 22,340 |  |  | $ | 85,032 |  |  | $ | (59,833) |  |  | $ | 25,199 |
License agreements | 112 |  |  | (112) |  |  | — |  |  | 112 |  |  | (112) |  |  | — |
Patents and trademarks | 40,180 |  |  | (21,495) |  |  | 18,685 |  |  | 39,957 |  |  | (19,888) |  |  | 20,069 |
Customer relationships | 309,213 |  |  | (91,370) |  |  | 217,843 |  |  | 309,196 |  |  | (77,380) |  |  | 231,816 |
Non-compete agreements | 600 |  |  | (600) |  |  | — |  |  | 600 |  |  | (600) |  |  | — |
Order backlog | 1,000 |  |  | (1,000) |  |  | — |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | (1,000) |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 436,123 |  |  | $ | (177,255) |  |  | $ | 258,868 |  |  | $ | 435,897 |  |  | $ | (158,813) |  |  | $ | 277,084 |

Amortization expense for intangible assets was $6.1 million and $6.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Amortization expense for intangible assets was $18.4 million and $19.0 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Amortization expense is recorded on our condensed consolidated statements of operations within cost of sales and in general and administrative expense.
Estimated amortization expense related to intangible assets for the remainder of fiscal 2024 and the five succeeding fiscal years is (in thousands):

2024 (three months) | $ | 6,995 |
2025 | 21,786 |
2026 | 21,554 |
2027 | 20,593 |
2028 | 20,411 |
2029 | 18,355 |

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4. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (CONTINUED)
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segments are (in thousands):

| Nine months ended June 30, 2024
| IoT Products & Services |  | IoT Solutions |  | Total
Balance on September 30, 2023 | $ | 173,957 |  |  | $ | 167,636 |  |  | $ | 341,593 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | 400 |  |  | (77) |  |  | 323 |
Balance on June 30, 2024 | $ | 174,357 |  |  | $ | 167,559 |  |  | $ | 341,916 |

Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net identifiable assets acquired. Goodwill is quantitatively tested for impairment on an annual basis as of June 30, or more frequently if events or circumstances occur which could indicate impairment. We have two reportable segments, IoT Products & Services and IoT Solutions (see Note 6). Our IoT Products & Services segment is structured to include four reporting units for goodwill testing purposes: Cellular Routers, Console Servers, OEM Solutions and Infrastructure Management. Following our acquisition of Ventus in November 2021, we have two reporting units within IoT Solutions: SmartSense and Ventus. Each of these reporting units was tested individually for impairment during our annual impairment test completed as of the end of the third fiscal quarter of fiscal 2024.
Assumptions and estimates to determine fair values under the income and market approaches are complex and often subjective. They can be affected by a variety of factors. These include external factors such as industry and economic trends. They also include internal factors such as changes in our business strategy and our internal forecasts. Changes in circumstances or a potential event could affect the estimated fair values negatively. If our future operating results do not meet current forecasts or if we experience a sustained decline in our market capitalization that is determined to be indicative of a reduction in fair value of one or more of our reporting units within either of our segments, we may be required to record future impairment charges for goodwill.
Results of our Fiscal 2024 Annual Impairment Test
As of June 30, 2024, we had a total of $32.7 million of goodwill for the Cellular Routers reporting unit, $57.1 million of goodwill for the Console Servers reporting unit, $64.2 million of goodwill for the OEM Solutions reporting unit, $20.4 million of goodwill for the Infrastructure Management reporting unit, $48.9 million of goodwill for the SmartSense reporting unit and $118.6 million of goodwill for the Ventus reporting unit. At June 30, 2024, the fair value of goodwill exceeded the carrying value for all six reporting units and no impairment was recorded. Ventus fair value exceeded carrying values by less than 10%.
5. INDEBTEDNESS
On December 7, 2023, Digi entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with BMO Bank N.A. (“BMO”), as administrative and collateral agent, BMO Capital Markets Corp., BofA Securities, Inc. and MUFG Bank, Ltd., as joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners, and the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time party thereto as lenders (the “Lenders”). The Credit Agreement provides Digi with a senior secured credit facility (the “Credit Facility”). The Credit Facility includes a $250 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Loan”), with an uncommitted accordion feature that provides for additional borrowing capacity of up to the greater of $95 million or one hundred percent of trailing twelve month adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization ("EBITDA"). The Credit Facility also contains a $10 million letter of credit sublimit and $10 million swingline sub-facility. Digi may use the proceeds of the Credit Facility in the future for general corporate purposes.
Digi borrowed a total of $215 million under the Credit Facility to repay all obligations and to pay related fees and expenses under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of December 22, 2021 (the “Prior Credit Facility”), by and among Digi, as the borrower, BMO, as administrative agent and collateral agent, BMO Capital Markets Corp., as sole lead arranger and bookrunner, and the other lenders from time-to-time party thereto. The Prior Credit Facility consisted of a $350 million term loan B secured loan and a $35 million revolving credit facility that included a $10 million letter of credit subfacility and $10 million swingline subfacility.
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5. INDEBTEDNESS (CONTINUED)
Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to Term SOFR with a floor of 0.00% for an interest period of one, three, or six months as selected by Digi, reset at the end of the selected interest period (or a replacement benchmark rate if Term SOFR is no longer available) plus the applicable margin or a base rate plus the applicable margin. The base rate is determined by reference to the highest of BMO’s prime rate, the rate determined by BMO to be the average rate of Federal funds in the secondary market plus 0.50%, or one-month SOFR plus 1.00%. The applicable margin for loans under the Credit Facility is in a range of 1.75% to 2.75% for Term SOFR loans and 0.75% to 1.75% for base rate loans, depending on Digi’s total net leverage ratio. All borrowings in the period were made at Term SOFR for a one-month interest election period plus an applicable margin of 2.50%. Our weighted average interest rate for our Credit Facility was 7.93% as of June 30, 2024.
In addition to paying interest on the outstanding principal, Digi is required to pay a commitment fee on the unutilized commitments under the Credit Facility. The commitment fee is between 0.20% and 0.35% depending on Digi’s total net leverage ratio. Our weighted average Revolving Loan commitment fee was 0.25% as of June 30, 2024. The Credit Facility is secured by substantially all of the property of Digi and its domestic subsidiaries.
The debt issuance costs and remaining balance under the Prior Credit Facility totaling $9.7 million at December 7, 2023 were written off and included in other expenses upon the entry into the Credit Agreement. Digi incurred an additional $1.3 million in debt issuance costs upon entry into the Credit Agreement, with this amount amortized over the term of the Credit Agreement and reported in interest expense.
The Revolving Loan is due in a lump sum payment at maturity December 7, 2028, if any amounts are drawn. The fair value of the Revolving Loan approximated carrying value at June 30, 2024.
The following table is a summary of our long-term indebtedness at June 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 (in thousands):

|  | Balance on June 30, 2024 |  | Balance on September 30, 2023
Revolving Loan |  | $ | 152,800 |  |  | $ | — |
Term loan |  | — |  |  | 213,625 |
Total loans |  | 152,800 |  |  | 213,625 |
Less unamortized issuance costs |  | (1,182) |  |  | (10,051) |
Less current maturities of long-term debt |  | — |  |  | (15,523) |
Total long-term debt, net of current portion |  | $ | 151,618 |  |  | $ | 188,051 |

Covenants and Security Interest
The Credit Agreement requires Digi to maintain a minimum interest coverage ratio of 3.00 to 1.00 and a total net leverage ratio not to exceed 3.00 to 1.00, with certain exceptions for a covenant holiday of up to 3.50 to 1.00 after certain material acquisitions. The total net leverage ratio is defined as the ratio of Digi’s consolidated total funded indebtedness minus unrestricted cash as of such date up to a maximum amount not to exceed $50 million, to consolidated EBITDA for such period. The Credit Agreement also contains other customary affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants that restrict the ability of Digi and its subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness, dispose of significant assets, make certain investments, including any acquisitions other than permitted acquisitions, make certain restricted payments, enter into sale and leaseback transactions or grant additional liens on its assets, subject to certain limitations. Amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility are secured by substantially all of our assets.
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6. SEGMENT INFORMATION
In the third quarter of fiscal 2024, we restructured our management structure to appoint a single segment manager over IoT Products & Services and a single manager over IoT Solutions. As a result we have two operating segments. These two operating segments also serve as our reportable segments: IoT Products & Services and IoT Solutions. Each operating segment is now led by a single segment manager. IoT Products & Services derives revenue from the sale of products and services that help original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs"), enterprise and government customers create and deploy, secure IoT connectivity solutions. IoT Solutions derives revenue from the sale of software-based services that are enabled through the use of connected devices that utilize cellular communications.
Our CEO is our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"). The measures the CODM uses to measure profitability within each of our reportable segments is segment gross profit.
Summary operating results for each of our segments were (in thousands):

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  | Nine months ended June 30,
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services |  | $ | 80,003 |  |  | $ | 87,358 |  |  | $ | 245,416 |  |  | $ | 257,593 |
IoT Solutions |  | 25,200 |  |  | 24,878 |  |  | 73,578 |  |  | 75,093 |
Total revenue |  | $ | 105,203 |  |  | $ | 112,236 |  |  | $ | 318,994 |  |  | $ | 332,686 |
Gross Profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services Operating Segments Gross Profit |  | $ | 43,501 |  |  | $ | 47,229 |  |  | $ | 132,421 |  |  | $ | 140,367 |
IoT Solutions Operating Segments Gross Profit |  | 18,757 |  |  | 16,590 |  |  | 53,255 |  |  | 47,845 |
Total gross profit |  | $ | 62,258 |  |  | $ | 63,819 |  |  | $ | 185,676 |  |  | $ | 188,212 |

Total depreciation and amortization expense was (in thousands):

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  | Nine months ended June 30,
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
IoT Products & Services |  | $ | 3,111 |  |  | $ | 3,108 |  |  | $ | 9,316 |  |  | $ | 9,446 |
IoT Solutions |  | 5,187 |  |  | 4,896 |  |  | 15,098 |  |  | 14,516 |
Total depreciation and amortization |  | $ | 8,298 |  |  | $ | 8,004 |  |  | $ | 24,414 |  |  | $ | 23,962 |

Total expended for property, plant and equipment was (in thousands):

|  | Nine months ended June 30,
|  | 2024 |  | 2023
IoT Products & Services |  | $ | 581 |  |  | $ | 362 |
IoT Solutions* |  | 475 |  |  | 3,291 |
Total expended for property, plant and equipment |  | $ | 1,056 |  |  | $ | 3,653 |

* Excluded from these amounts are $8,354 and $3,175 of transfers of inventory to property plant and equipment for subscriber assets for the nine months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Total assets for each of our segments were (in thousands):

|  | June 30, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023
IoT Products & Services |  | $ | 389,469 |  |  | $ | 384,018 |
IoT Solutions |  | 402,620 |  |  | 419,820 |
Unallocated* |  | 28,337 |  |  | 31,693 |
Total assets |  | $ | 820,426 |  |  | $ | 835,531 |

*Unallocated consists of cash and cash equivalents.
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7. REVENUE
Revenue Disaggregation
The following table summarizes our revenue by geographic location of our customers (in thousands):

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Nine months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
North America, primarily the United States | $ | 72,908 |  |  | $ | 82,953 |  |  | $ | 225,001 |  |  | $ | 244,227 |
Europe, Middle East & Africa | 15,123 |  |  | 16,352 |  |  | 48,998 |  |  | 52,643 |
Rest of world | 17,172 |  |  | 12,931 |  |  | 44,995 |  |  | 35,816 |
Total revenue | $ | 105,203 |  |  | $ | 112,236 |  |  | $ | 318,994 |  |  | $ | 332,686 |

The following table summarizes our revenue by the timing of revenue recognition (in thousands):

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Nine months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Transferred at a point in time | $ | 77,096 |  |  | $ | 86,393 |  |  | $ | 237,064 |  |  | $ | 258,967 |
Transferred over time | 28,107 |  |  | 25,843 |  |  | 81,930 |  |  | 73,719 |
Total revenue | $ | 105,203 |  |  | $ | 112,236 |  |  | $ | 318,994 |  |  | $ | 332,686 |

Contract Balances
Contract Related Assets
Our contract related assets consist of subscriber assets. Subscriber assets are equipment that we provide to customers pursuant to subscription-based contracts. In these cases, we retain the ownership of the equipment a customer uses and charge the customer subscription fees to receive our end-to-end solutions. The total net book value of subscriber assets of $18.5 million and $16.6 million as of June 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively, are included in property, equipment and improvements, net. Depreciation expense for these subscriber assets, which is included in cost of sales, was $1.4 million and $1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Depreciation expense for these subscriber assets, which is included in cost of sales, was $3.5 million and $2.8 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We depreciate the cost of this equipment over its useful life.
Contract Assets
Contract assets at Digi consist of products and services that have been fulfilled, but for which revenue has not yet been recognized. Our contract asset balances were immaterial as of June 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023.
Contract Liabilities
Contract liabilities consist of unearned revenue related to annual or multi-year contracts for subscription services and related implementation fees, as well as product sales that have been invoiced, but not yet fulfilled. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Customers are invoiced for subscription services on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis.
Our contract liabilities were $37.5 million and $26.5 million at June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
There were contract liability balances of $38.0 million and $25.7 million as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Of these balances, Digi recognized $7.7 million and $6.7 million as revenue in the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There were contract liability balances of $27.9 million and $21.6 million balances as of September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Digi recognized $17.6 million and $18.9 million as revenue in the nine months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
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7. REVENUE (CONTINUED)
Remaining Performance Obligation
As of June 30, 2024, we had approximately $161.2 million of remaining performance obligations on contracts with an original duration of one year or more. We expect to recognize revenue on approximately $72.1 million of remaining performance obligations over the next 12 months. We expect to recognize revenue from the remaining performance obligations over a range of two to five years.
8. INCOME TAXES
Our income tax expense was $0.2 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2024. Included in this was a net tax benefit of $0.7 million discretely related to the nine months ended June 30, 2024. This liability was the result of book stock compensation in excess of recognized tax benefits.
Our effective tax rate will vary based on a variety of factors. These factors include our overall profitability, the geographical mix of income before taxes and related statutory tax rate in each jurisdiction, and tax items discretely related to the period, such as tax impacts of stock compensation, as there are no open audits during the period. We may record other benefits or expenses in the future that are specific to a particular quarter such as expiration of statutes of limitation, the completion of tax audits, or legislation that is enacted in both U.S. and foreign jurisdictions.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is (in thousands):

Unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2023 | $ | 3,162 |
Decreases related to: |
Expiration of statute of limitations | (32) |
Unrecognized tax benefits as of June 30, 2024 | $ | 3,130 |

The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits at June 30, 2024 that, if recognized, would affect our effective tax rate was $3.0 million, after considering the impact of interest and deferred benefit items. We expect that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by approximately $0.4 million over the next 12 months.
9. PRODUCT WARRANTY OBLIGATION
The following tables summarize the activity associated with the product warranty accrual (in thousands) and is included on our condensed consolidated balance sheets within other current liabilities:

| Three months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 774 |  |  | $ | 836 |
Warranties accrued | 171 |  |  | 135 |
Settlement made | (141) |  |  | (117) |
Balance at end of period | $ | 804 |  |  | $ | 854 |
| Nine months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 772 |  |  | $ | 886 |
Warranties accrued | 341 |  |  | 303 |
Settlement made | (309) |  |  | (335) |
Balance at end of period | $ | 804 |  |  | $ | 854 |

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10. LEASES
All of our leases are operating leases and primarily consist of leases for office space. For any lease with an initial term in excess of 12 months, the related lease assets and lease liabilities are recognized on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as either operating or financing leases at the inception of an agreement where it is determined that a lease exists. We have lease agreements that contain both lease and non-lease components. We have elected to combine lease and non-lease components for all classes of assets. Leases with an expected term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Instead we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Operating lease assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments. These assets and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future payments over the lease term at the commencement date. We generally use a collateralized incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the commencement date, including the lease term, in determining the present value of future payments. When determining our right-of-use assets, we generally do not include options to extend or terminate the lease unless it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised.
Our leases typically require payment of real estate taxes and common area maintenance and insurance. These components comprise the majority of our variable lease cost and are excluded from the present value of our lease obligations. Fixed payments may contain predetermined fixed rent escalations. We recognize the related rent expense on a straight-line basis from the commencement date to the end of the lease term.
The following table shows the supplemental balance sheet information related to our leases (in thousands):

|  | Balance Sheet Location |  | June 30, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  | Operating lease right-of-use assets |  | $ | 10,858 |  |  | $ | 12,876 |
Total lease assets |  |  |  | $ | 10,858 |  |  | $ | 12,876 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  | Current portion of operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 3,032 |  |  | $ | 3,352 |
Operating leases |  | Operating lease liabilities |  | 11,945 |  |  | 13,989 |
Total lease liabilities |  |  |  | $ | 14,977 |  |  | $ | 17,341 |

The following were the components of our lease cost which is recorded in both cost of goods sold and selling, general and administrative expense (in thousands):

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Nine months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Operating lease cost | $ | 757 |  |  | $ | 907 |  |  | $ | 2,578 |  |  | $ | 2,678 |
Variable lease cost | 310 |  |  | 361 |  |  | 943 |  |  | 1,013 |
Short-term lease cost | 30 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 69 |
Total lease cost | $ | 1,097 |  |  | $ | 1,294 |  |  | $ | 3,606 |  |  | $ | 3,760 |

At June 30, 2024, the weighted average remaining lease term of our operating leases was 6.0 years and the weighted average discount rate for these leases was 4.9%.
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10. LEASES (CONTINUED)
The table below reconciles the undiscounted cash flows for each of the first five years as well as all the remaining years to the operating lease liabilities recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2024 (in thousands):

Fiscal year |  | Amount
2024 (three months) |  | $ | 1,082 |
2025 |  | 3,713 |
2026 |  | 3,262 |
2027 |  | 2,058 |
2028 |  | 1,897 |
2029 |  | 1,840 |
Thereafter |  | 3,865 |
Total future undiscounted lease payments |  | 17,717 |
Less imputed interest |  | (2,740) |
Total reported lease liability |  | $ | 14,977 |

11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
We lease certain of our buildings and equipment under non-cancelable lease agreements. Please refer to Note 10 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.
As previously disclosed, Data Logger Solutions, LLC ("Data Loggers") brought suit in Delaware Superior Court against us and our subsidiary Digi SmartSense, LLC on October 23, 2020. The suit alleges that Data Loggers has not been paid certain commissions it believes it is owed and will continue to be owed under a Reseller Agreement between Data Loggers and TempAlert. SmartSense is the successor of interest of TempAlert and terminated the Reseller Agreement in 2019. Data Loggers claims it is entitled to actual, speculative and punitive damages in connection with its allegations. In March 2024, a jury found Digi liable for breach of contract and awarded Data Loggers damages of approximately $11.6 million. Delaware law also entitles Data Loggers to interest on this award pursuant to a statutory calculation. Each party has filed post-trial motions with respect to the jury’s verdict and a hearing on these motions was held on June 28, 2024. Our motions seek to have the case retried or to remit the award of damages. The plaintiffs are seeking to expand the award of damages for attorney’s fees and additional interest. While these post-trial motions are pending, each party’s right to appeal is stayed and remains in place. Pursuant to ASC 450 we have accrued a $6.3 million liability with respect to this case. The accrual reflects a reasonable estimate of probable loss based on information currently available to us. The ultimate loss, if any, to Digi could be materially different from the amount we have accrued and we cannot predict or estimate the duration or ultimate outcome of this matter.
In addition to the matter discussed above, in the normal course of business, we are presently, and expect in the future to be, subject to various claims and litigation with third parties such as non-practicing intellectual property entities as well as customers, vendors and/or employees. There can be no assurance that any claims by third parties, if proven to have merit, will not materially adversely affect our business, liquidity or financial condition.
12. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock-based awards granted in the first fiscal quarter of 2024 and 2023 were granted under the Digi International Inc. 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (as amended and restated, the "2021 Plan"). Shares subject to awards under the 2021 Plan or any prior plans that are forfeited, canceled, returned to us for failure to satisfy vesting requirements, settled in cash or otherwise terminated without payment also will be available for grant under the 2021 Plan. The authority to grant options under the 2021 Plan and set other terms and conditions rests with the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.
As of June 30, 2024, there were approximately 1,920,325 shares available for future grants under the 2021 Plan.
Cash received from the exercise of stock options was $1.3 million and $2.6 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
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12. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
Our equity plans and corresponding forms of award agreements generally have provisions allowing employees to elect to satisfy tax withholding obligations through the delivery of shares. When employees make this election, we retain a portion of shares issuable under the award. Tax withholding obligations are otherwise fulfilled by the employee paying cash to us for the withholding. During the nine months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, our employees forfeited 112,827 shares and 97,171 shares, respectively, in order to satisfy withholding tax obligations of $2.8 million and $3.9 million, respectively.
We sponsor an Employee Stock Purchase Plan as amended and restated as of December 10, 2019, October 29, 2013, December 4, 2009 and November 27, 2006 (the "ESPP"), covering all domestic employees with at least 90 days of continuous service and who are customarily employed at least 20 hours per week. The ESPP allows eligible participants the right to purchase common stock on a quarterly basis at the lower of 85% of the market price at the beginning or end of each three-month offering period. The most recent amendments to the ESPP, ratified by our stockholders on January 29, 2020, increased the total number of shares that may be purchased under the ESPP to 3,425,000. ESPP contributions by employees were $1.7 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. Pursuant to the ESPP, 74,760 and 58,081 common shares were issued to employees during the nine months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Shares are issued under the ESPP from treasury stock. As of June 30, 2024, 395,467 common shares were available for future issuances under the ESPP.
The following table shows stock-based compensation expense that is included in the consolidated results of operations (in thousands):

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Nine months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Cost of sales | $ | 173 |  |  | $ | 160 |  |  | $ | 529 |  |  | $ | 463 |
Sales and marketing | 1,218 |  |  | 1,089 |  |  | 3,594 |  |  | 3,012 |
Research and development | 517 |  |  | 469 |  |  | 1,448 |  |  | 1,386 |
General and administrative | 1,606 |  |  | 1,801 |  |  | 4,522 |  |  | 4,991 |
Stock-based compensation before income taxes | 3,514 |  |  | 3,519 |  |  | 10,093 |  |  | 9,852 |
Income tax benefit | (724) |  |  | (760) |  |  | (2,138) |  |  | (2,096) |
Stock-based compensation after income taxes | $ | 2,790 |  |  | $ | 2,759 |  |  | $ | 7,955 |  |  | $ | 7,756 |

Stock Options
The following table summarizes our stock option activity (in thousands, except per common share amounts):

|  | Options Outstanding |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted Average Contractual Term (in years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1)
Balance on September 30, 2023 |  | 1,553 |  |  | $18.52 |  |  |  |
Granted |  | 87 |  |  | 24.59 |  |  |  |
Exercised |  | (91) |  |  | 28.43 |  |  |  |
Forfeited / Canceled |  | (39) |  |  | 27.61 |  |  |  |
Balance on June 30, 2024 |  | 1,510 |  |  | $18.74 |  | 3.3 |  | $ | 7,659 |
Exercisable on June 30, 2024 |  | 1,160 |  |  | $17.19 |  | 2.9 |  | $ | 7,220 |

(1) The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value, based on our closing stock price of $22.93 as of June 30, 2024, which would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options as of that date.
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12. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
The intrinsic value of an option is the amount by which the fair value of the underlying stock exceeds its exercise price. The total intrinsic value of all options exercised during the nine months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $2.6 million and $4.1 million, respectively.
The following table shows the weighted average fair value, which was determined based upon the fair value of each option on the grant date utilizing the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the related assumptions:

| Nine months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Weighted average per option grant date fair value | $12.44 |  | $19.88
Assumptions used for option grants: |  |  |
Risk free interest rate | 4.48% - 4.68% |  | 3.50% - 3.98%
Expected term | 6.00 years |  | 6.00 years
Expected volatility | 46% - 47% |  | 46%
Weighted average volatility | 46% |  | 46%
Expected dividend yield | — |  | —

The fair value of each option award granted during the periods presented was estimated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model that uses the assumptions noted in the above table. Expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility of our stock. We use historical data to estimate option exercise and employee termination information within the valuation model. The expected term of options granted is derived from the vesting period and historical information and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate used is the zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bond rate in effect at the time of the grant whose maturity equals the expected term of the option.
As of June 30, 2024, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options was $3.5 million and the related weighted average period over which it is expected to be recognized is approximately 1.4 years.
Non-vested Stock Units
The following table presents a summary of our non-vested restricted stock units and performance stock units as of June 30, 2024 and changes during the nine months then ended (in thousands, except per common share amounts):

| RSUs |  | PSUs
| Number of Awards |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Number of Awards |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested on September 30, 2023 | 846 |  |  | $ | 30.56 |  |  | 135 |  |  | $ | 37.72 |
Granted | 343 |  |  | 24.98 |  |  | 135 |  |  | 24.81 |
Vested | (280) |  |  | 25.13 |  |  | (30) |  |  | 37.11 |
Canceled | (44) |  |  | 30.13 |  |  | (17) |  |  | 28.94 |
Nonvested on June 30, 2024 | 865 |  |  | $ | 30.11 |  |  | 223 |  |  | $ | 30.65 |

As of June 30, 2024, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock units and performance stock units was $20.0 million and $0.5 million, respectively. The related weighted average period over which these costs are expected to be recognized was approximately 1.9 years and 0.1 years, respectively.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Our management's discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, as well as our subsequent reports on Form 10-Q and Form 8-K and any amendments to these reports.
SAFE HARBOR STATEMENT UNDER THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995
This Form 10-Q contains certain statements that are "forward-looking statements" as that term is defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Forward-Looking Statements
This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on management’s current expectations and assumptions. These statements often can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as "assume," "believe," "continue," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "plan," "potential," "project," "should," or "will" or the negative thereof or other variations thereon or similar terminology. Among other items, these statements relate to expectations of the business environment in which Digi operates, projections of future performance, inventory levels, perceived marketplace opportunities, interest expense savings and statements regarding our mission and vision. Such statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Among others, these include risks related to ongoing and varying inflationary and deflationary pressures around the world and the monetary policies of governments globally as well as present and ongoing concerns about a potential recession, the ability of companies like us to operate a global business in such conditions as well as negative effects on product demand and the financial solvency of customers and suppliers in such conditions, risks related to ongoing supply chain challenges that continue to impact businesses globally, risks related to cybersecurity, risks arising from the present wars in Ukraine and the Middle East, the highly competitive market in which our company operates, rapid changes in technologies that may displace products sold by us, declining prices of networking products, our reliance on distributors and other third parties to sell our products, the potential for significant purchase orders to be canceled or changed, delays in product development efforts, uncertainty in user acceptance of our products, the ability to integrate our products and services with those of other parties in a commercially accepted manner, potential liabilities that can arise if any of our products have design or manufacturing defects, our ability to integrate and realize the expected benefits of acquisitions, our ability to defend or settle satisfactorily any litigation, the impact of natural disasters and other events beyond our control that could negatively impact our supply chain and customers, potential unintended consequences associated with restructuring, reorganizations or other similar business initiatives that may impact our ability to retain important employees or otherwise impact our operations in unintended and adverse ways, and changes in our level of revenue or profitability which can fluctuate for many reasons beyond our control.
These and other risks, uncertainties and assumptions identified from time to time in our filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, including without limitation, those set forth in Item 1A, Risk Factors, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2023, subsequent filings, as well as this filing on Form 10-Q and other filings, could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. Many of such factors are beyond our ability to control or predict. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date for which they are made. We disclaim any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the values of purchased assets and assumed liabilities in acquisitions. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
A description of our critical accounting estimates was provided in the Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
OVERVIEW
We are a leading global provider of business and mission-critical IoT connectivity products, services and solutions. Our business is comprised of two reporting segments: IoT Products & Services and IoT Solutions.
In fiscal 2024, our key operating objectives include:
•continuing to transition to complete solutions with software and service offerings included with our products, as this drives Annualized Recurring Revenue ("ARR"), which provides more predictable and higher margin revenue; and
•delivering a higher level of customer service across our businesses.
We utilize many financial, operational, and other metrics to evaluate our financial condition and financial performance. Below we highlight the metrics for the third quarter of fiscal 2024 that we feel are most important in these evaluations, with comparisons to the third quarter of fiscal 2023:
•Consolidated revenue was $105 million, a decrease of 6%.
•Consolidated gross profit was $62 million, a decrease of 2%.
•Gross profit margin was 59.2%, an increase of 230 basis points.
•Net income was $10 million, compared to net income of $7 million.
•Net income per diluted share was $0.26, compared to $0.18.
•Adjusted net income and adjusted net income per share was $18.5 million, or $0.50 per diluted share, compared to $18.5 million, or $0.50 per diluted share.
•Adjusted EBITDA was $25 million, or 23.5% of revenue, compared to $24 million or 21.7% of revenue.
•ARR was $113 million at quarter end, an increase of 9%.
In recent periods, we have experienced longer than expected sales cycles with respect to many contracts and projects of potential significance. We believe this is related to macroeconomic conditions and are uncertain as to when and to what degree sales cycles will return to more normal conditions, but expect this to adversely impact our results for at least the remainder of fiscal 2024.
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth selected information derived from our interim condensed consolidated statements of operations:

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  | % incr. |  | Nine months ended June 30, |  | % incr.
($ in thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | (decr.) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | (decr.)
Revenue |  | $ | 105,203 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 112,236 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | (6.3) | % |  | $ | 318,994 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 332,686 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | (4.1) | %
Cost of sales |  | 42,945 |  |  | 40.8 |  |  | 48,417 |  |  | 43.1 |  |  | (11.3) |  |  | 133,318 |  |  | 41.8 |  |  | 144,474 |  |  | 43.4 |  |  | (7.7) |
Gross profit |  | 62,258 |  |  | 59.2 |  |  | 63,819 |  |  | 56.9 |  |  | (2.4) |  |  | 185,676 |  |  | 58.2 |  |  | 188,212 |  |  | 56.6 |  |  | (1.3) |
Operating expenses |  | 49,350 |  |  | 46.9 |  |  | 51,343 |  |  | 45.7 |  |  | (3.9) |  |  | 152,484 |  |  | 47.8 |  |  | 151,598 |  |  | 45.6 |  |  | 0.6 |
Operating income |  | 12,908 |  |  | 12.3 |  |  | 12,476 |  |  | 11.2 |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | 33,192 |  |  | 10.4 |  |  | 36,614 |  |  | 11.0 |  |  | (9.3) |
Other expense, net |  | (3,248) |  |  | (3.1) |  |  | (6,588) |  |  | (5.9) |  |  | (50.7) |  |  | (22,386) |  |  | (7.0) |  |  | (18,888) |  |  | (5.7) |  |  | 18.5 |
Income before income taxes |  | 9,660 |  |  | 9.2 |  |  | 5,888 |  |  | 5.3 |  |  | 64.1 |  |  | 10,806 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 17,726 |  | 5.3 |  |  | (39.0) |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | (42) |  |  | — |  |  | (839) |  |  | (0.7) |  |  | NM |  | 164 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | (679) |  |  | (0.2) |  |  | NM
Net income |  | $ | 9,702 |  |  | 9.2 | % |  | $ | 6,727 |  |  | 6.0 | % |  | 44.2 |  |  | $ | 10,642 |  |  | 3.3 | % |  | $ | 18,405 |  |  | 5.5 | % |  | (42.2) | %

NM means not meaningful
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
REVENUE BY SEGMENT

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  | % incr. |  | Nine months ended June 30, |  | % incr.
($ in thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | (decr.) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | (decr.)
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services |  | $ | 80,003 |  |  | 76.0 | % |  | $ | 87,358 |  |  | 77.8 | % |  | (8.4) | % |  | $ | 245,416 |  |  | 76.9 | % |  | $ | 257,593 |  |  | 77.4 | % |  | (4.7) | %
IoT Solutions |  | 25,200 |  |  | 24.0 |  |  | 24,878 |  |  | 22.2 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 73,578 |  |  | 23.1 |  |  | 75,093 |  |  | 22.6 |  |  | (2.0) |
Total revenue |  | $ | 105,203 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 112,236 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | (6.3) | % |  | $ | 318,994 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 332,686 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | (4.1) | %

IoT Products & Services
IoT Products & Services revenue decreased $7.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. The decrease consisted of a $7.9 million decline in one-time sales, with no material impact from pricing, partially offset by $0.5 million of recurring revenue growth.
IoT Products & Services revenue decreased $12.2 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. The decrease consisted of a $15.1 million decline in product sales volume, with no material impact from pricing, partially offset by $2.9 million of service revenue growth.
IoT Solutions
IoT Solutions revenue increased $0.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. The increase consisted of a $1.7 million rise in recurring revenue, partially offset by a $0.8 million decrease in hardware sales and a $0.6 million decrease in one time services volume.
IoT Solutions revenue decreased $1.5 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. The decrease consisted of a $2.9 million decline in one time services volume and a $1.9 million decrease in hardware sales offset by a $3.3 million increase in recurring revenue.
ARR
ARR was $113 million as of June 30, 2024, compared to $104 million as of June 30, 2023. IoT Products & Services ARR was $23 million as of June 30, 2024, compared to $22 million as of June 30, 2023. This increase was due to growth in the subscription base across extended warranty offerings and remote management platforms. IoT Solutions ARR was $90 million as of June 30, 2024, compared to $82 million as of June 30, 2023, driven by growth in SmartSense.
COST OF GOODS SOLD AND GROSS PROFIT BY SEGMENT
Below are our segments' cost of goods sold and gross profit as a percentage of their respective total revenue:

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  | Basis point
($ in thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | inc. (decr.)
Cost of Goods Sold |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services |  | $ | 36,502 |  |  | 45.6 | % |  | $ | 40,129 |  |  | 45.9 | % |  | (30)
IoT Solutions |  | 6,443 |  |  | 25.6 |  |  | 8,288 |  |  | 33.3 |  |  | (770)
Total cost of goods sold |  | $ | 42,945 |  |  | 40.8 | % |  | $ | 48,417 |  |  | 43.1 | % |  | (230)
Gross Profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services Operating Segments Gross Profit |  | $ | 43,501 |  |  | 54.4 | % |  | $ | 47,229 |  |  | 54.1 | % |  | 30
IoT Solutions Operating Segments Gross Profit |  | 18,757 |  |  | 74.4 |  |  | 16,590 |  |  | 66.7 |  |  | 770
Total gross profit |  | $ | 62,258 |  |  | 59.2 | % |  | $ | 63,819 |  |  | 56.9 | % |  | 230

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

|  | Nine months ended June 30, |  | Basis point
($ in thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | inc. (decr.)
Cost of Goods Sold |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services |  | $ | 112,995 |  |  | 46.0 | % |  | $ | 117,226 |  |  | 45.5 | % |  | 50
IoT Solutions |  | 20,323 |  |  | 27.6 | % |  | 27,248 |  |  | 36.3 | % |  | (870)
Total cost of goods sold |  | $ | 133,318 |  |  | 41.8 | % |  | $ | 144,474 |  |  | 43.4 | % |  | (160)
Gross Profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT Products & Services Operating Segments Gross Profit |  | $ | 132,421 |  |  | 54.0 | % |  | $ | 140,367 |  |  | 54.5 | % |  | (50)
IoT Solutions Operating Segments Gross Profit |  | 53,255 |  |  | 72.4 | % |  | 47,845 |  |  | 63.7 | % |  | 870
Total gross profit |  | $ | 185,676 |  |  | 58.2 | % |  | $ | 188,212 |  |  | 56.6 | % |  | 160

IoT Product & Services
IoT Products & Services gross profit margin increased 30 basis points for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. This increase was driven by a reduction in inventory adjustments and reduced inflationary pressures.
IoT Products & Services gross profit margin decreased 50 basis points for the nine months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. This decrease was driven by decreased volume as well as changes in mix, partially offset by a reduction in inventory adjustments and reduced inflationary pressures.
IoT Solutions
The IoT Solutions gross profit margin increased 770 basis points for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. This increase was the result of growth in higher margin ARR subscription revenues.
The IoT Solutions gross profit margin increased 870 basis points for the nine months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. This increase was the result of growth in higher margin ARR subscription revenues.
OPERATING EXPENSES
Below are our operating expenses and operating expenses as a percentage of total revenue:

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  | $ |  | % |  | Nine months ended June 30, |  | $ |  | %
($ in thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | incr. (decr.) |  | incr. (decr.) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | incr. (decr.) |  | incr. (decr.)
Operating Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing |  | $ | 21,501 |  |  | 20.4 | % |  | $ | 20,974 |  |  | 18.7 | % |  | $ | 527 |  |  | 2.5 | % |  | $ | 61,688 |  |  | 19.4 | % |  | $ | 60,421 |  |  | 18.2 | % |  | $ | 1,267 |  |  | 2.1 | %
Research and development |  | 15,132 |  |  | 14.4 |  |  | 14,945 |  |  | 13.3 |  |  | 187 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 44,809 |  |  | 14.0 |  |  | 44,194 |  |  | 13.3 |  |  | 615 |  |  | 1.4 |
General and administrative |  | 12,717 |  |  | 12.1 |  |  | 15,424 |  |  | 13.7 |  |  | (2,707) |  |  | (17.6) |  |  | 45,987 |  |  | 14.4 |  |  | 46,983 |  |  | 14.1 |  |  | (996) |  |  | (2.1) |
Total operating expenses |  | $ | 49,350 |  |  | 46.9 | % |  | $ | 51,343 |  |  | 45.7 | % |  | $ | (1,993) |  |  | (3.9) | % |  | $ | 152,484 |  |  | 47.8 | % |  | $ | 151,598 |  |  | 45.6 | % |  | $ | 886 |  |  | 0.6 | %

The $2.0 million decrease in operating expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year was due to $1.0 million decreases in each of labor and non-labor expenses.
The $0.9 million increase in operating expenses for the nine months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year was the result of a $6.3 million increase to litigation reserves partially offset by a $2.1 million gain on the sale of an intangible asset, a $2.3 decrease in non-labor expenses and a $1.0 million decrease in labor expenses.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
OTHER EXPENSE, NET
Below are our other expenses, net and other expenses, net as a percentage of total revenue:

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  | $ |  | % |  | Nine months ended June 30, |  | $ |  | %
($ in thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | incr. (decr.) |  | incr. (decr.) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | incr. (decr.) |  | incr. (decr.)
Other expense, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net |  | $ | (3,234) |  |  | (3.1) | % |  | $ | (6,603) |  |  | (5.9) | % |  | $ | 3,369 |  |  | (51.0) | % |  | (12,592) |  |  | (4.0) | % |  | (18,967) |  |  | (5.7) | % |  | 6,375 |  |  | (33.6) | %
Debt issuance cost write off |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | NM |  | (9,722) |  |  | (3.0) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9,722) |  |  | NM
Other expense, net |  | (14) |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | (29) |  |  | NM |  | (72) |  |  | — |  |  | 79 |  |  | — |  |  | (151) |  |  | NM
Total other expense, net |  | $ | (3,248) |  |  | (3.1) | % |  | $ | (6,588) |  |  | (5.9) | % |  | $ | 3,340 |  |  | (50.7) | % |  | $ | (22,386) |  |  | (7.0) | % |  | $ | (18,888) |  |  | (5.7) | % |  | $ | (3,498) |  |  | 18.5 | %

NM means not meaningful
Other expense, net, decreased $3.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. This decrease was driven by a reduction in interest expense due to a decrease in average debt outstanding and our effective interest rate. Other expense, net, increased $3.5 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. This increase was driven by the $9.7 million debt issuance cost expense realized upon the extinguishment of our prior credit facility partially offset by a decrease in our average debt outstanding and our effective interest rate on debt (see Note 5 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information).
INCOME TAXES
See Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of income taxes.
KEY BUSINESS METRIC
ARR represents the annualized monthly value of all billable subscription contracts, measured at the end of any fiscal period. ARR should be viewed independently of revenue and deferred revenue and is not intended to replace or forecast either of these items. Digi management uses ARR to manage and assess the growth of our subscription revenue business. We believe ARR is an indicator of the scale of our subscription business.
GOODWILL
Results of our Fiscal 2024 Annual Impairment Test
As of June 30, 2024, we had a total of $32.7 million of goodwill for the Cellular Routers reporting unit, $57.1 million of goodwill for the Console Servers reporting unit, $64.2 million of goodwill for the OEM Solutions reporting unit, $20.4 million of goodwill for the Infrastructure Management reporting unit, $48.9 million of goodwill for the SmartSense reporting unit and $118.6 million of goodwill for the Ventus reporting unit. At June 30, 2024, the fair value of goodwill exceeded the carrying value for all six reporting units and no impairment was recorded. Ventus fair value exceeded carrying values by less than 10%.
If our future operating results do not meet current forecasts or if we experience a sustained decline in our market capitalization that is determined to be indicative of a reduction in fair value of one or more of our reporting units within either of our segments, we may be required to record future impairment charges for goodwill.
See Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional discussion of goodwill.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL INFORMATION
This report includes adjusted net income, adjusted net income per diluted share and adjusted earnings before interest, taxes and amortization ("Adjusted EBITDA"), each of which is a non-GAAP financial measure.
Non-GAAP measures are not substitutes for GAAP measures for the purpose of analyzing financial performance. The disclosure of these measures does not reflect all charges and gains that actually were recognized by Digi. These non-GAAP measures are not in accordance with, or, an alternative for measures prepared in accordance with GAAP and may be different from non-GAAP measures used by other companies or presented by us in prior reports. In addition, these non-GAAP measures are not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles. We believe that non-GAAP measures have limitations in that they do not reflect all of the amounts associated with our results of operations as determined in accordance with GAAP. We believe these measures should only be used to evaluate our results of operations in conjunction with the corresponding GAAP measures. Additionally, Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures, the cash requirements for the replacement of depreciated and amortized assets, or changes in or cash requirements for our working capital needs. We believe that providing historical and adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share, respectively, exclusive of such items as reversals of tax reserves, discrete tax benefits, restructuring charges and reversals, intangible amortization, stock-based compensation, other non-operating income/expense, adjustments to estimates of contingent consideration, acquisition-related expenses and interest expense related to acquisition permits investors to compare results with prior periods that did not include these items. Management uses the aforementioned non-GAAP measures to monitor and evaluate ongoing operating results and trends and to gain an understanding of our comparative operating performance. In addition, certain of our stockholders have expressed an interest in seeing financial performance measures exclusive of the impact of these matters, which while important, are not central to the core operations of our business. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA, defined as EBITDA adjusted for stock-based compensation expense, acquisition-related expenses, restructuring charges and reversals and changes in fair value of contingent consideration, is useful to investors to evaluate our core operating results and financial performance because it excludes items that are significant non-cash or non-recurring expenses reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. We believe that the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue is useful because it provides a reliable and consistent approach to measuring our performance from year to year and in assessing our performance against that of other companies. We believe this information helps compare operating results and corporate performance exclusive of the impact of our capital structure and the method by which assets were acquired.
Below are reconciliations from GAAP to non-GAAP information that we feel are important to our business:
Reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted EBITDA
(In thousands)

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Nine months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
|  |  | % of total revenue |  |  |  | % of total revenue |  |  |  | % of total revenue |  |  |  | % of total revenue
Total revenue | $ | 105,203 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 112,236 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 318,994 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 332,686 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Net income | $ | 9,702 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,727 |  |  |  |  | $ | 10,642 |  |  |  |  | $ | 18,405 |  |  |
Interest expense, net | 3,234 |  |  |  |  | 6,603 |  |  |  |  | 12,592 |  |  |  |  | 18,967 |  |  |
Debt issuance cost write off | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 9,722 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Income tax provision (benefit) | (42) |  |  |  |  | (839) |  |  |  |  | 164 |  |  |  |  | (679) |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 8,299 |  |  |  |  | 8,005 |  |  |  |  | 24,416 |  |  |  |  | 23,963 |  |  |
Stock-based compensation | 3,514 |  |  |  |  | 3,519 |  |  |  |  | 10,093 |  |  |  |  | 9,852 |  |  |
Litigation accrual | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 6,253 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Gain on asset sale | 18 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (2,111) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Restructuring charge | — |  |  |  |  | 95 |  |  |  |  | 146 |  |  |  |  | 141 |  |  |
Acquisition expense | — |  |  |  |  | 222 |  |  |  |  | (61) |  |  |  |  | 910 |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 24,725 |  |  | 23.5 | % |  | $ | 24,332 |  |  | 21.7 | % |  | $ | 71,856 |  |  | 22.5 | % |  | $ | 71,559 |  |  | 21.5 | %

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
Reconciliation of Net Income and Net Income per Diluted Share to
Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income per Diluted Share
(In thousands, except per share amounts)

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Nine months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net income and net income per diluted share | $ | 9,702 |  |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 6,727 |  |  | $ | 0.18 |  |  | $ | 10,642 |  |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 18,405 |  |  | $ | 0.50 |
Amortization | 6,104 |  |  | 0.16 |  |  | 6,252 |  |  | 0.17 |  |  | 18,439 |  |  | 0.50 |  |  | 18,966 |  |  | 0.51 |
Stock-based compensation | 3,514 |  |  | 0.09 |  |  | 3,519 |  |  | 0.10 |  |  | 10,093 |  |  | 0.27 |  |  | 9,852 |  |  | 0.27 |
Other non-operating expense (income) | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | (15) |  |  | — |  |  | 72 |  |  | — |  |  | (79) |  |  | — |
Acquisition expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | 222 |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | (61) |  |  | — |  |  | 910 |  |  | 0.02 |
Litigation accrual | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,253 |  |  | 0.17 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Gain on asset sale | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,111) |  |  | (0.06) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Restructuring charge | — |  |  | — |  |  | 95 |  |  | — |  |  | 146 |  |  | — |  |  | 141 |  |  | — |
Interest expense, net | 3,234 |  |  | 0.09 |  |  | 6,603 |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | 12,592 |  |  | 0.34 |  |  | 18,967 |  |  | 0.51 |
Debt issuance cost write off | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,722 |  |  | 0.26 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Tax effect from the above adjustments (1) | (4,880) |  |  | (0.13) |  |  | (6,025) |  |  | (0.17) |  |  | (12,386) |  |  | (0.34) |  |  | (15,520) |  |  | (0.41) |
Discrete tax expenses (benefits) (2) | 780 |  |  | 0.02 |  |  | 1,125 |  |  | 0.03 |  |  | 679 |  |  | 0.02 |  |  | 2,874 |  |  | 0.08 |
Adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share (3) | $ | 18,486 |  |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 18,503 |  |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 54,080 |  |  | $ | 1.46 |  |  | $ | 54,516 |  |  | $ | 1.48 |
Diluted weighted average common shares |  |  | 37,026 |  |  |  | 36,817 |  |  |  | 36,921 |  |  |  | 36,838

(1)The tax effect from the above adjustments assumes an estimated effective tax rate of 18.0% for fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023 based on adjusted net income.
(2)For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, discrete tax expenses (benefits) are a result of changes in excess tax benefits recognized on stock compensation.
(3)Adjusted net income per diluted share may not add due to the use of rounded numbers.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Historically we have financed our operations and capital expenditures principally with funds generated from operations. In fiscal 2022 we issued debt to fund our acquisition of Ventus. Our liquidity requirements arise from our working capital needs, and to a lesser extent, our need to fund capital expenditures to support our current operations and facilitate growth and expansion.
On December 7, 2023, we entered into a credit agreement. The Credit Agreement provides Digi with a $250 million senior secured revolving credit facility, with an uncommitted accordion feature that provides for additional borrowing capacity of up to the greater of $95 million or one hundred percent of trailing twelve month adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. The Credit Facility also contains a $10 million letter of credit sublimit and $10 million swingline sub-facility. Digi used the proceeds to retire the remaining balance of the prior credit agreement and may use the proceeds in the future for general corporate purposes. For additional information regarding the terms of our Credit Facility, including the Revolving Loan and its subfacilities, see Note 5 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
The Credit Agreement replaced our prior credit agreement that consisted of a $350 million term loan B secured loan and a $35 million revolving credit facility. The $35 million revolving credit facility included a $10 million letter of credit subfacility and $10 million swingline subfacility.
We expect positive cash flows from operations for the foreseeable future. We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents balances, cash generated from operations and our ability to borrow under our credit facility will be sufficient to fund our business operations and capital expenditures for the next 12 months and beyond.
Our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:

|  | Nine months ended June 30,
($ in thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Operating activities |  | $ | 56,657 |  |  | $ | 27,804 |
Investing activities |  | 947 |  |  | (3,842) |
Financing activities |  | (62,616) |  |  | (28,920) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  | 1,656 |  |  | (362) |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | (3,356) |  |  | $ | (5,320) |

Cash flows from operating activities increased $28.9 million as a result of:
•a $0.2 million increase in net operating assets for the first nine months of fiscal 2024 compared to a $19.4 million increase in the first nine months of fiscal 2023,
•a $9.7 million debt issuance cost write-off included in net income in the first nine months of fiscal 2024,
•a $6.3 million litigation accrual included in net income in the first nine months of fiscal 2024
•and a $3.0 million increase in deferred income tax benefit for the first nine months of fiscal 2024 compared to a $6.5 million increase in the first nine months of fiscal 2023.
These were partially offset by:
•a $7.8 million decrease in net income in the first nine months of fiscal 2024
•and a $2.2 million increase in gains from the sale of assets in the first nine months of fiscal 2024.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
Cash flows used in investing activities decreased $4.8 million as a result of:
•a $2.2 million increase in proceeds from the sale of property, equipment, improvements and certain other intangible assets
•and a $2.6 million decrease in purchases of property, equipment, improvements and certain other intangible assets.
Cash flows used in financing activities increased $33.7 million as a result of:
•debt payments of $276.2 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2024, including $213.6 million to retire our prior credit facility, an early payment of $1.9 million against our prior credit facility and payments of $60.7 million against our new credit facility, compared to debt payments of $29.4 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2023
•and a decrease in proceeds from stock option plan transactions.
These were partially offset by:
•net proceeds of $214.1 million from the issuance of a new credit facility,
•a decrease in taxes paid for net share settlement of share-based payment options and awards
•and an increase in proceeds from employee stock purchase plan transactions.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations at June 30, 2024:

|  | Payments due by fiscal period
($ in thousands) |  | Total |  | Less than 1 year |  | 1-3 years |  | 3-5 years |  | Thereafter
Operating leases |  | $ | 17,717 |  |  | $ | 3,867 |  |  | $ | 5,733 |  |  | $ | 3,792 |  |  | $ | 4,325 |
Revolving loan |  | 152,800 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 152,800 |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 170,517 |  |  | $ | 3,867 |  |  | $ | 5,733 |  |  | $ | 156,592 |  |  | $ | 4,325 |

The operating leases included above primarily relate to office space. The table above does not include possible payments for uncertain tax positions. Our reserve for uncertain tax positions, including accrued interest and penalties, was $2.3 million as of June 30, 2024. Due to the nature of the underlying liabilities and the extended time often needed to resolve income tax uncertainties, we cannot make reliable estimates of the amount or timing of future cash payments that may be required to settle these liabilities. The table above also does not include those obligations for royalties under license agreements as these royalties are calculated based on future sales of licensed products and we cannot make reliable estimates of the amount of cash payments.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
None.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to ongoing market risk related to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.
INTEREST RATE RISK
We are exposed to market risks related to fluctuations in interest rates on amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility. As of June 30, 2024, we had $152.8 million outstanding under our Revolving Loan. Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to Term SOFR with a floor of 0.00% for an interest period of one, three, or six months as selected by Digi, reset at the end of the selected interest period (or a replacement benchmark rate if Term SOFR is no longer available) plus the applicable margin or a base rate plus the applicable margin. The base rate is determined by reference to the highest of (1) BMO’s prime rate, (2) the rate determined by BMO to be the average rate of Federal funds in the secondary market plus 0.50%, or (3) one-month SOFR plus 1.00%. The applicable margin for loans under the Credit Facility is in a range
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of 1.75 to 2.75% for Term SOFR loans and 0.75% to 1.75% for base rate loans, depending on Digi’s total net leverage ratio. The initial borrowings were made at Term SOFR for a one-month interest period plus an applicable margin of 2.50%. Our weighted average interest rate for our Credit Facility as of June 30, 2024 was 7.93%.
Digi bases the interest period election described above on an assessment of the interest rate environment conducted on a monthly basis. Based on the balance sheet position for the Revolving Loan at June 30, 2024, the annualized effect of a 25 basis point change in interest rates would increase or decrease our interest expense by $0.4 million. For additional information, see Note 5 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. For our Credit Facility, interest rate changes generally do not affect the fair value of the debt instruments, but do impact future earnings and cash flows, assuming other factors are held constant. If interest rates remain elevated, we will continue to see interest expenses that are higher than historical amounts.
FOREIGN CURRENCY RISK
We are not exposed to foreign currency transaction risk associated with sales transactions as the majority of our sales are denominated in U.S. Dollars. We are exposed to foreign currency translation risk as the financial position and operating results of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. Dollars for consolidation. We manage our net asset or net liability position for non-functional currency accounts, primarily the U.S. Dollar accounts in our foreign locations to reduce our foreign currency risk. We have not implemented a formal hedging strategy.
A 10% change in the average exchange rate for the Euro, British Pound, Australian Dollar and Canadian Dollar to the U.S. Dollar during the first nine months of fiscal 2024 would have resulted in a 1.4% increase or decrease in stockholders' equity due to foreign currency translation.
CREDIT RISK
We have exposure to credit risk related to our accounts receivable portfolio. Exposure to credit risk is controlled through regular monitoring of customer financial status, credit limits and collaboration with sales management and customer contacts to facilitate payment.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
As of the end of the period covered by this report, we conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act")). Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the nine months ended June 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The disclosure set forth in Note 11 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes in our risk factors from those previously disclosed in Item 1A of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2023.
Our operations and products are subject to various cybersecurity risks. These risks are particularly acute in cloud-based technologies that we and other third parties operate that form a part of our solutions or that we rely on to conduct our operations. These risks may increase our costs and could damage our brand and reputation.
As we continue to direct a substantial portion of our sales and development efforts toward broader based solutions, such as SmartSense by Digi, the Digi Remote Manager and Ventus offerings, we expect to store, convey and potentially process significant amounts of data produced by devices. We have completed a number of acquisitions in recent years and have inherited a range of different systems that store, convey and potentially process data and in some cases we may be delayed or choose not to integrate these systems into similar systems used in other parts of our business. Many of the business applications that we rely upon to operate our business now exist within cloud platforms that are managed by third parties. Further, as our products and solutions are used by customers across a broad range of industries, some of our customers may be subject to heightened risk of being targeted for cyber security incidents due to the nature of their businesses and operations. These factors may add to the risk of breach by third parties.
If a cyberattack or other security incident were to allow unauthorized access to or modification of our customers’ data or our own data, whether due to a failure with our systems or related systems operated by third parties, we could suffer damage to our brand and reputation. This data may include confidential or proprietary information, intellectual property or personally identifiable information of our customers or other third parties with whom they do business. It is important for us to maintain solutions and related infrastructure that are perceived by our customers and other parties with whom we do business as providing reasonable levels of reliability and security. Despite available security measures and other precautions, the infrastructure and transmission methods used by our products and services or otherwise associated with our operations may be vulnerable to interception, attack or other disruptive problems. Continued high-profile data breaches at other companies evidence an external environment that is becoming increasingly hostile to information security. Improper disclosure of data or a perception that our data security is insufficient could harm our reputation, give rise to legal proceedings or subject our company to liability under laws that protect data, which may evolve and expand in scope over time. Any of these factors could result in increased costs and loss of revenue for us.
The costs we would incur to address and fix these incidents could significantly increase our expenses. These types of security incidents could also lead to lawsuits, regulatory investigations and increased legal liability, including in some cases contractual costs related to customer notification and fraud monitoring. Further, as the regulatory focus on privacy and data security issues continues to increase and worldwide laws and regulations concerning the protection of information continue to become more complex, the potential risks and costs of compliance to our business are expected to intensify.
Our products operate and often are used in conjunction with third party products and components across a broad ecosystem. If there is a security vulnerability any of our products or any of these third party products or components, and if there is a security exploit targeting them, we could face increased costs, reduced revenue, liability claims or damage to our reputation or competitive position.
In addition, cybersecurity is an issue that is becoming increasingly regulated. As regulations take effect or evolve, it is possible we may be unable to fully comply with these regulations. which could result in material adverse effects on our business.
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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table presents the information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of Digi International Inc. or any "affiliated purchaser" (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), of our common stock during the third quarter of fiscal 2024:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased(1) |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Program |  | Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program
April 1, 2024 - April 30, 2024 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
May 1, 2024 - May 31, 2024 |  | 6,270 |  |  | 26.98 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
June 1, 2024 - June 30, 2024 |  | 330 |  |  | 22.42 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | 6,600 |  | $ | 26.76 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |

(1) All shares reported were forfeited by employees in connection with the satisfaction of tax withholding obligations related to the vesting of restricted stock units.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
None.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
During the three months ended June 30, 2024, no director or officer of the Company adopted, modified or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation
S-K.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit No. | Description | Method of Filing
3 |  | (a) | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended (1) | Incorporated by Reference
3 |  | (b) | Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Company (2) | Incorporated by Reference
31 |  | (a) | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer | Filed Electronically
31 |  | (b) | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer | Filed Electronically
32 |  |  | Section 1350 Certification | Filed Electronically
101 |  |  | The following materials from Digi International Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal period ended June 30, 2024, as filed with the Security and Exchange Commission, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations; (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (iii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets; (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity; and (vi) the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. | Filed Electronically
104 |  |  | The cover page from Digi International Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2024 is formatted in iXBRL (included in Exhibit 101). |

____________
(1)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(a) to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 1993.
(2)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 30, 2020.
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | DIGI INTERNATIONAL INC. |
Date: | August 7, 2024 | By: | /s/ James J. Loch |
|  |  | James J. Loch |
|  |  | Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer and Authorized Officer) |

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