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Goodwill and Other Identifiable Intangible Assets, Net | 6 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2025
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
GOODWILL AND OTHER IDENTIFIABLE INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET | GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET Amortizable intangible assets were (in thousands):
| March 31, 2025 |  | September 30, 2024
| Gross carrying amount |  | Accum. amort. |  | Net |  | Gross carrying amount |  | Accum. amort. |  | Net
Purchased and core technology | $ | 84,928 |  |  | $ | (65,448) |  |  | $ | 19,480 |  |  | $ | 85,041 |  |  | $ | (63,654) |  |  | $ | 21,387 |
License agreements | 112 |  |  | (112) |  |  | — |  |  | 112 |  |  | (112) |  |  | — |
Patents and trademarks | 40,714 |  |  | (23,684) |  |  | 17,030 |  |  | 40,335 |  |  | (22,047) |  |  | 18,288 |
Customer relationships | 309,173 |  |  | (103,617) |  |  | 205,556 |  |  | 309,223 |  |  | (95,989) |  |  | 213,234 |
Non-compete agreements | 600 |  |  | (600) |  |  | — |  |  | 600 |  |  | (600) |  |  | — |
Order backlog | 1,000 |  |  | (1,000) |  |  | — |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | (1,000) |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 436,527 |  |  | $ | (194,461) |  |  | $ | 242,066 |  |  | $ | 436,311 |  |  | $ | (183,402) |  |  | $ | 252,909 |
Amortization expense for intangible assets was $5.2 million and $6.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Amortization expense for intangible assets was $11.0 million and $12.3 million for the six months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Amortization expense is recorded on our condensed consolidated statements of operations within cost of sales and in general and administrative expense. Estimated amortization expense related to intangible assets for the remainder of fiscal 2025 and the five succeeding fiscal years is (in thousands):
2025 (six months) | $ | 10,381 |
2026 | 20,709 |
2027 | 20,709 |
2028 | 20,447 |
2029 | 18,701 |
2030 | 18,297 |
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segments are (in thousands):
| Six months ended March 31, 2025
| IoT Products & Services |  | IoT Solutions |  | Total
Balance on September 30, 2024 | $ | 175,093 |  |  | $ | 167,681 |  |  | $ | 342,774 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (525) |  |  | (580) |  |  | (1,105) |
Balance on March 31, 2025 | $ | 174,568 |  |  | $ | 167,101 |  |  | $ | 341,669 |
Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net identifiable assets acquired. Goodwill is quantitatively tested for impairment on an annual basis as of June 30, or more frequently if events or circumstances occur which could indicate impairment. We have two reportable segments, IoT Products & Services and IoT Solutions (see Note 6). Our IoT Products & Services segment is structured to include four reporting units for goodwill testing purposes: Cellular Routers, Console Servers, OEM Solutions and Infrastructure Management. Following our acquisition of Ventus in November 2021, we have two reporting units within IoT Solutions: SmartSense and Ventus. Each of these reporting units was tested individually for impairment during our annual impairment test completed as of the end of the third fiscal quarter of fiscal 2024. Assumptions and estimates to determine fair values under the income and market approaches are complex and often subjective. They can be affected by a variety of factors. These include external factors such as industry and economic trends. They also include internal factors such as changes in our business strategy and our internal forecasts. Changes in circumstances or a potential event could affect the estimated fair values negatively. If our future operating results do not meet current forecasts or if we experience a sustained decline in our market capitalization that is determined to be indicative of a reduction in fair value of one or more of our reporting units within either of our segments, we may be required to record future impairment charges for goodwill.

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