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Fair Value Measurements
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date reflecting assumptions that a market participant would use when pricing an asset or liability. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value. The fair value inputs of the instruments are classified and disclosed in one of the following categories pursuant to ASC 820:
Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. The quoted price shall not be adjusted for any blockage factor (i.e., size of the position relative to trading volume).
Level 2 - Pricing inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Fair value is determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies, including the use of pricing matrices. If the asset or liability has a specified (contractual) term, a Level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Level 3 - Pricing inputs are unobservable for the asset or liability. Unobservable inputs are used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date. The inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation.
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, an asset’s or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.
The Company uses the following methods and assumptions in estimating fair value disclosures for financial instruments. Financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis are listed as follows:
Investment Securities
The fair values of investment securities available for sale and held to maturity are determined by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1 inputs) or matrix pricing, which is a technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities, but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2 inputs).
The fair value of the Company’s Level 3 security available for sale was measured using an income approach valuation technique. The primary inputs and assumptions used in the fair value measurement was derived from the security’s underlying collateral, which included discount rate, prepayment speeds, payment delays, and an assessment of the risk of default of the underlying collateral, among other factors. Significant increases or decreases in any of the inputs or assumptions could result in a significant increase or decrease in the fair value measurement.
Equity Investments With Readily Determinable Fair Value
The fair value of the Company’s equity investments with readily determinable fair value is comprised of mutual funds. The fair value for these investments is obtained from unadjusted quoted prices in active markets on the date of measurement and is therefore classified as Level 1.
Interest Rate Contracts
The Company offers interest rate contracts to certain loan customers to allow them to hedge the risk of rising interest rates on their variable rate loans. The Company originates a variable rate loan and enters into a variable-to-fixed interest rate contract with the customer. The Company also enters into an offsetting interest rate contract with a correspondent bank. These back-to-back agreements are intended to offset each other and allow the Company to originate a variable rate loan, while providing a contract for fixed interest payments for the customer. The net cash flow for the Company is equal to the interest income received from a variable rate loan originated with the customer. The fair value of these derivatives is based on a discounted cash flow approach. The fair value assets and liabilities of centrally cleared interest rate contracts are net of variation margin settled-to-market. Due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the fair value of these derivative contracts, the valuation of interest rate contracts is classified as Level 2.
Mortgage Banking Derivatives
Mortgage banking derivative instruments consist of interest rate lock commitments and forward sale contracts that trade in liquid markets. The fair value is based on the prices available from third party investors. Due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the fair value, the valuation of mortgage banking derivatives is classified as Level 2.
Other Derivatives
Other derivatives consist of interest rate contracts designated as cash flow hedges, foreign exchange contracts and risk participation agreements. The fair values of these other derivative financial instruments are based upon the estimated amount the Company would receive or pay to terminate the instruments, taking into account current interest rates, foreign exchange rates and, when appropriate, the current credit worthiness of the counterparties. Fair value assets and liabilities of centrally cleared derivatives are net of variation margin settled-to-market. Interest rate contracts designated as cash flow hedges and foreign exchange contracts are classified within Level 2 due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the fair value of these contracts. Credit derivatives such as risk participation agreements are valued based on credit worthiness of the underlying borrower, which is a significant unobservable input and therefore is classified as Level 3.

Collateral-Dependent Loans
The fair values of collateral-dependent loans are generally measured for ACL using the practical expedients permitted by ASC 326-20-35-5 including collateral-dependent loans measured at an observable market price (if available), or at the fair value of the loan’s collateral (if the loan is collateral-dependent). Fair value of the loan’s collateral, when the loan is dependent on collateral, is determined by appraisals or independent valuation, less costs to sell of 8.5%. Appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and income approach. Adjustment may be made in the appraisal process by the independent appraiser to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available for similar loans and the underlying collateral. For C&I and asset backed loans, independent valuations may include a 20-60% discount for eligible accounts receivable and a 50-70% discount for inventory. These result in a Level 3 classification.
OREO
OREO is fair valued at the time the loan is foreclosed upon and the asset is transferred to OREO. The value is based primarily on third party appraisals, less costs to sell of up to 8.5% and result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. OREO is reviewed and evaluated on at least a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted to lower of cost or market accordingly, based on the same factors identified above.
Loans Held For Sale
Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, as determined by outstanding commitments from investors, or based on recent comparable sales (Level 2 inputs), if available. If Level 2 inputs are not available, carrying values are based on discounted cash flows using current market rates applied to the estimated life and credit risk (Level 3 inputs) or may be assessed based upon the fair value of the collateral, which is obtained from recent real estate appraisals (Level 3 inputs). These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are typically significant and result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:
  Fair Value Measurements at the End of
the Reporting Period Using
 June 30, 2023Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 (Dollars in thousands)
Assets:
Investment securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasury securities$3,904 $3,904 $— $— 
U.S. Government agency and U.S. Government sponsored enterprises:
Agency securities3,837 — 3,837 — 
Collateralized mortgage obligations751,740 — 751,740 — 
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential435,148 — 435,148 — 
Commercial352,851 — 352,851 — 
Asset-backed securities149,742 — 149,742 — 
Corporate securities18,572 — 18,572 — 
Municipal securities200,792 — 199,862 930 
Equity investments with readily determinable fair value4,303 4,303 — — 
Interest rate contracts70,516 — 70,516 — 
Mortgage banking derivatives25 — 25 — 
Other derivatives120 — 120 — 
Liabilities:
Interest rate contracts72,840 — 72,840 — 
Mortgage banking derivatives4 — 4 — 
Other derivatives4,945 — 4,917 28 
  Fair Value Measurements at the End of
the Reporting Period Using
 December 31, 2022Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 (Dollars in thousands)
Assets:
Investment securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasury securities$3,886 $3,886 $— $— 
U.S. Government agency and U.S. Government sponsored enterprises:
Agency securities3,867 — 3,867 — 
Collateralized mortgage obligations793,699 — 793,699 — 
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential453,177 — 453,177 — 
Commercial368,287 — 368,287 — 
Asset-backed securities147,604 — 147,604 — 
Corporate securities18,857 — 18,857 — 
Municipal securities182,752 — 181,809 943 
Equity investments with readily determinable fair value4,303 4,303 — — 
Interest rate contracts73,389 — 73,389 — 
Mortgage banking derivatives29 — 29 — 
Other derivatives25,462 — 25,462 — 
Liabilities:
Interest rate contracts73,389 — 73,389 — 
Mortgage banking derivatives23 — 23 — 
Other derivatives2,160 — 2,128 32 
There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2, and 3 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
The table below presents a reconciliation and income statement classification of gains (losses) for the municipal security and risk participation agreements measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2023202220232022
(Dollars in thousands)
Municipal securities:
Beginning Balance$982 $1,029 $943 $1,038 
Change in fair value included in other comprehensive income
(52)(10)(13)(19)
Ending Balance$930 $1,019 $930 $1,019 
Risk participation agreements:
Beginning Balance$35 $61 $32 $93 
Change in fair value included in income (expense)(7)(30)(4)(62)
Ending Balance$28 $31 $28 $31 
The Company measures certain assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis including collateral-dependent loans, loans held for sale, and OREO. These fair value adjustments result from individually evaluated ACL recognized during the period, application of the lower of cost or fair value on loans held for sale, and the application of fair value less cost to sell on OREO.
Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized below:
  Fair Value Measurements at the End of
the Reporting Period Using
 June 30, 2023Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 (Dollars in thousands)
Assets:
Collateral-dependent loans receivable at fair value:
CRE loans$4,285 $— $— $4,285 
C&I loans21,195 — — 21,195 
Loans held for sale, net46,042 — 46,042 — 
  Fair Value Measurements at the End of
the Reporting Period Using
 December 31, 2022Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 (Dollars in thousands)
Assets:
Collateral-dependent loans receivable at fair value:
CRE loans$807 $— $— $807 
C&I loans2,744 — — 2,744 
Loans held for sale, net48,795 — 48,795 — 
OREO1,050 — — 1,050 
For assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, the total net losses, which include charge offs, recoveries, recorded ACL, valuations, and recognized gains and losses on sales are summarized below:
 Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2023202220232022
 (Dollars in thousands)
Assets:
Collateral-dependent loans receivable at fair value:
CRE loans$(642)$(763)$(762)$(1,374)
C&I loans(11,472)(2,026)(11,861)(2,026)
Loans held for sale, net— (371)— (988)
OREO— — (271)(256)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments, not previously presented, at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, were as follows:
 June 30, 2023
 Carrying AmountEstimated Fair ValueFair Value Measurement
Using
 (Dollars in thousands)
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$2,302,339 $2,302,339 Level 1
Investment securities HTM269,760 255,344 Level 2
Equity investments without readily determinable fair values38,660 38,660 Level 2
Loans held for sale49,246 49,285 Level 2
Loans receivable, net14,691,814 14,164,650 Level 3
Accrued interest receivable60,118 60,118 Level 2/3
Servicing assets, net11,532 16,814 Level 3
Customers’ liabilities on acceptances659 659 Level 2
Financial Liabilities:
Noninterest bearing deposits$4,229,247 $4,229,247 Level 2
Savings and other interest bearing demand deposits4,413,079 4,413,079 Level 2
Time deposits6,977,026 7,007,072 Level 2
FHLB and FRB borrowings2,260,000 2,253,222 Level 2
Convertible notes444 441 Level 1
Subordinated debentures107,188 104,804 Level 2
Accrued interest payable109,236 109,236 Level 2
Acceptances outstanding659 659 Level 2
 December 31, 2022
 Carrying AmountEstimated Fair ValueFair Value Measurement
Using
 (Dollars in thousands)
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$506,776 $506,776  Level 1
Interest earning deposits in other financial institutions735 733  Level 2
Investment securities HTM271,066 258,407 Level 2
Equity investments without readily determinable fair values38,093 38,093  Level 2
Loans held for sale49,245 49,248  Level 2
Loans receivable, net15,241,181 14,745,881  Level 3
Accrued interest receivable55,460 55,460  Level 2/3
Servicing assets, net11,628 17,375  Level 3
Customers’ liabilities on acceptances818 818  Level 2
Financial Liabilities:
Noninterest bearing deposits$4,849,493 $4,849,493  Level 2
Savings and other interest bearing demand deposits5,899,248 5,899,248  Level 2
Time deposits4,990,060 5,020,093  Level 2
FHLB and FRB borrowings865,000 867,088  Level 2
Convertible notes, net217,148 213,937  Level 1
Subordinated debentures106,565 107,944  Level 2
Accrued interest payable26,668 26,668  Level 2
Acceptances outstanding818 818  Level 2
The Company measures assets and liabilities for its fair value disclosures based on an exit price notion. Although the exit price notion represents the value that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability, the actual price received for a sale of assets or paid to transfer liabilities could be different from exit price disclosed. The methods and assumptions used to estimate fair value are described as follows:
The carrying amount was the estimated fair value for cash and cash equivalents, savings and other interest bearing demand deposits, equity investments without readily determinable fair values, customers’ and Bank’s liabilities on acceptances, noninterest bearing deposits, short-term debt, secured borrowings, and variable rate loans or deposits that reprice frequently and fully. The fair value of loans was determined through a discounted cash flow analysis, which incorporates probability of default and loss given default rates on an individual loan basis. For fixed rate loans, the discount rate used in a discounted cash flow analysis was based on the LIBOR Swap Rate. For variable loans, the discount rate started with the underlying index rate and an adjustment was made on certain loans, which considered factors such as servicing costs, capital charges, duration, asset type incremental costs, and use of projected cash flows. Fair values of residential real estate loans included Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac prepayment speed assumptions or a third-party index based on historical prepayment speeds. Fair value of time deposits was based on discounted cash flow analyses using recent issuance rates over the prior three months and a market rate analysis of recent offering rates for retail products. Wholesale time deposit fair values incorporated brokered time deposit offering rates. The fair value of the Company’s debt was based on current rates for similar financing. Fair value for the Company’s convertible notes was based on the actual last traded price of the notes. The fair value of commitments to fund loans represents fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements with similar remaining maturities and was not presented herein, as the fair value of these financial instruments was not material to the consolidated financial statements.