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Derivatives And Hedging Activities | 6 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2012
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] |
Derivatives And Hedging Activities | DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES Universal is exposed to various risks in its worldwide operations and uses derivative financial instruments to manage two specific types of risks – interest rate risk and foreign currency exchange rate risk. Interest rate risk has been managed by entering into interest rate swap agreements, and foreign currency exchange rate risk has been managed by entering into forward foreign currency exchange contracts. However, the Company’s policy also permits other types of derivative instruments. In addition, foreign currency exchange rate risk is also managed through strategies that do not involve derivative instruments, such as using local borrowings and other approaches to minimize net monetary positions in non-functional currencies. The disclosures below provide additional information about the Company’s hedging strategies, the derivative instruments used, and the effects of these activities on the consolidated statements of income and the consolidated balance sheets. In the consolidated statements of cash flows, the cash flows associated with all of these activities are reported in net cash provided by operating activities. The Company has not hedged any net investment in the equity of subsidiaries denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Hedging Strategy for Interest Rate Risk The Company previously entered into receive-fixed/pay-floating interest rate swap agreements totaling $245 million notional amount that were designated and qualified as hedges of the exposure to changes in the fair value of the underlying debt instruments created by fluctuations in prevailing market interest rates. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2012, several of those swap contracts in the notional amount of $50 million were settled on maturity of the underlying debt, and the remaining contracts in the total notional amount of $195 million were settled prior to maturity at an aggregate gain of approximately $13 million. That gain is being amortized over the remaining terms of the underlying debt instruments as a reduction in interest expense. No fixed-to-floating interest rate swap agreements were outstanding at September 30, 2012. During the third quarter of fiscal year 2012, the Company entered into receive-floating/pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements that were designated and qualify as hedges of the exposure to changes in interest payment cash flows created by fluctuations in variable interest rates on its outstanding amortizing bank term loan. Although no significant ineffectiveness is expected with this hedging strategy, the effectiveness of the interest rate swaps is evaluated on a quarterly basis. The aggregate notional amount of the interest rate swaps will be reduced over a five-year period as payments are made on the loan. At September 30, 2012, the total notional amount of the swaps was approximately $96 million, which corresponded with the outstanding balance of the loan. Cash Flow Hedging Strategy for Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk Related to Forecast Purchases of Tobacco and Related Processing Costs The majority of the tobacco production in most countries outside the United States where Universal operates is sold in export markets at prices denominated in U.S. dollars. However, purchases of tobacco from farmers and most processing costs (such as labor and energy) in those countries are usually denominated in the local currency. Changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the local currencies where tobacco is grown and processed affect the ultimate U.S. dollar cost of the processed tobacco. From time to time, the Company has entered into forward contracts to sell U.S. dollars and buy the local currency at future dates that coincide with the expected timing of a portion of the tobacco purchases and processing costs. This strategy offsets the variability of future U.S. dollar cash flows for tobacco purchases and processing costs for the foreign currency notional amount hedged. This hedging strategy has been used mainly for tobacco purchases and processing costs in Brazil. The aggregate U.S. dollar notional amount of forward contracts entered for these purposes during the first six months of fiscal years 2013 and 2012, was as follows:
|  | Six Months Ended September 30,
(in millions of dollars) |  | 2012 |  | 2011
Tobacco purchases |  | $ | 64.3 |  |  | $ | 63.7 |
Processing costs |  | 13.7 |  |  | 23.3 |
Total |  | $ | 78.0 |  |  | $ | 87.0 |
All contracts related to tobacco purchases were designated and qualify as hedges of the future cash flows associated with the forecast purchases of tobacco. As a result, except for amounts related to any ineffective portion of the hedging strategy, changes in fair values of the forward contracts have been recognized in comprehensive income as they occurred, but only recognized in earnings upon sale of the related tobacco to third-party customers. Forward contracts related to processing costs have not been designated as hedges, and gains and losses on those contracts have been recognized in earnings on a mark-to-market basis. Purchases of the 2011-2012 crop were completed in August 2012, and all forward contracts to hedge those purchases matured and settled by that time. All hedged forecast purchases of tobacco occurred within the originally designated time period and, as a result, no hedges were discontinued. Hedging Strategy for Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk Related to Net Local Currency Monetary Assets and Liabilities of Foreign Subsidiaries Most of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries transact the majority of their sales in U.S. dollars and finance the majority of their operating requirements with U.S. dollar borrowings, and therefore use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. These subsidiaries normally have certain monetary assets and liabilities on their balance sheets that are denominated in the local currency. Those assets and liabilities can include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable, advances to farmers and suppliers, deferred income tax assets and liabilities, recoverable value-added taxes, and other items. Net monetary assets and liabilities denominated in the local currency are remeasured into U.S. dollars each reporting period, generating gains and losses that the Company records in earnings as a component of selling, general, and administrative expenses. The level of net monetary assets or liabilities denominated in the local currency normally fluctuates throughout the year based on the operating cycle, but it is most common for monetary assets to exceed monetary liabilities, sometimes by a significant amount. When this situation exists and the local currency weakens against the U.S. dollar, remeasurement losses are generated. Conversely, remeasurement gains are generated on a net monetary asset position when the local currency strengthens against the U.S. dollar. To manage a portion of its exposure to currency remeasurement gains and losses, the Company may enter into forward contracts to buy or sell the local currency at future dates coinciding with expected changes in the overall net local currency monetary asset position of the subsidiary. The Company does not designate these contracts as hedges for accounting purposes. Gains and losses on forward contracts would be recorded in earnings as a component of selling, general, and administrative expenses for each reporting period as they occurred, and thus directly offset the related remeasurement losses or gains in the consolidated statements of income for the notional amount hedged. No forward contracts were entered for this purpose in fiscal year 2012, or through the first six months of fiscal year 2013. To further mitigate currency remeasurement exposure, the Company’s foreign subsidiaries may utilize short-term local currency financing during certain periods. This strategy, while not involving the use of derivative instruments, is intended to minimize the subsidiary’s net monetary position by financing a portion of the local currency monetary assets with local currency monetary liabilities and thus hedging a portion of the overall position. Several of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries transact the majority of their sales and finance the majority of their operating requirements in their local currency, and therefore use their respective local currencies as the functional currency for reporting purposes. From time to time, these subsidiaries sell tobacco to customers in transactions that are not denominated in the functional currency. In those situations, the subsidiaries routinely enter into forward exchange contracts to offset currency risk for the period of time that a fixed-price order and the related trade account receivable are outstanding with the customer. The contracts are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes. Effect of Derivative Financial Instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Income The table below outlines the effects of the Company’s use of derivative financial instruments on the consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011:
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Six Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands of dollars) |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | 2012 |  | 2011
Fair Value Hedges - Interest Rate Swap Agreements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,776 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,195 |
Location of gain (loss) recognized in earnings |  | Interest expense
Hedged Item |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Description of hedged item |  | Fixed rate long-term debt
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,776 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (3,195 | )
Location of gain (loss) recognized in earnings |  | Interest expense
Cash Flow Hedges - Interest Rate Swap Agreements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Effective Portion of Hedge |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | $ | (564 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,453 | ) |  | $ | — |
Gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings |  | $ | (226 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (455 | ) |  | $ | — |
Location of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings |  | Interest expense
Ineffective Portion of Hedge |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Location of gain (loss) recognized in earnings |  | Selling, general and administrative expenses
Hedged Item |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Description of hedged item |  | Floating rate interest payments on term loan
Cash Flow Hedges - Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Effective Portion of Hedge |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | (116 | ) |  | $ | (7,900 | ) |  | $ | 3,331 |
Gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings |  | $ | (5,157 | ) |  | $ | 3,385 |  |  | $ | (5,744 | ) |  | $ | 3,823 |
Location of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings |  | Cost of goods sold
Ineffective Portion and Early De-designation of Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | 62 |  |  | $ | (1,325 | ) |  | $ | 858 |
Location of gain (loss) recognized in earnings |  | Selling, general and administrative expenses
Hedged Item |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Description of hedged item |  | Forecast purchases of tobacco in Brazil
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges - Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings |  | $ | 310 |  |  | $ | (943 | ) |  | $ | (1,959 | ) |  | $ | 1,094 |
Location of gain (loss) recognized in earnings |  | Selling, general and administrative expenses
For the interest rate swap agreements designated as fair value hedges, since the hedges had no ineffectiveness, the gain or loss recognized in earnings on the derivative was offset by a corresponding loss or gain on the underlying hedged debt. For the interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges, as of September 30, 2012, approximately $1 million is expected to be reclassified over the next twelve months from accumulated other comprehensive loss to interest expense. For the forward foreign currency exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges of tobacco purchases in Brazil, a net hedge loss of approximately $3 million remained in accumulated other comprehensive loss at September 30, 2012. That balance reflects net losses on settled contracts related to the 2011-2012 crop, less the amount reclassified to earnings related to tobacco sold through September 30, 2012. The majority of the balance in the accumulated other comprehensive loss will be recognized in earnings as a component of cost of goods sold in fiscal year 2013 as the remaining 2011-2012 Brazilian crop tobacco is sold to customers. Based on the hedging strategy, as the gain or loss is recognized in earnings, it is expected to be offset by a change in the direct cost for the tobacco or by a change in sales prices if the strategy has been mandated by the customer. Generally, margins on the sale of the tobacco will not be significantly affected. Effect of Derivative Financial Instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets The table below outlines the effects of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2012 and 2011, and March 31, 2012:
|  | Derivatives in a Fair Value Asset Position |  | Derivatives in a Fair Value Liability Position
|  | Balance Sheet Location |  | Fair Value as of |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | Fair Value as of
(in thousands of dollars) |  |  | Sept. 30, 2012 |  | Sept. 30, 2011 |  | March 31, 2012 |  |  | Sept. 30, 2012 |  | Sept. 30, 2011 |  | March 31, 2012
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap agreements designated as fair value hedges |  | Other non-current assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | Long-term obligations |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges |  | Other non-current assets |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | Other long-term liabilities |  | 2,117 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,119 |
Forward foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Other current assets |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 83 |  |  | Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | — |  |  | 163 |  |  | 925 |
Total |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 83 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,117 |  |  | $ | 163 |  |  | $ | 2,044 |
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Other current assets |  | $ | 230 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 273 |  |  | Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 767 |  |  | $ | 427 |
Total |  |  |  | $ | 230 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 273 |  |  |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 767 |  |  | $ | 427 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the entity's entire derivative instruments and hedging activities. Describes an entity's risk management strategies, derivatives in hedging activities and non-hedging derivative instruments, the assets, obligations, liabilities, revenues and expenses arising therefrom, and the amounts of and methodologies and assumptions used in determining the amounts of such items. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (FAS) -Number 133 -Paragraph 44 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy. 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