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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | INCOME TAXES The Company operates in the United States and many foreign countries and is subject to the tax laws of many jurisdictions. Changes in tax laws or the interpretation of tax laws can affect the Company’s earnings, as can the resolution of pending and contested tax issues. The Company's consolidated effective income tax rate is affected by a number of factors, including the mix of domestic and foreign earnings and the effect of exchange rate changes on local taxable income and deferred taxes in foreign countries. In December 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 was passed by the United States Congress and signed into law by the President. This new law made significant changes to income taxation at the federal level for individuals, pass-through entities, and corporations. For corporations, the changes included a reduction in the statutory rate on taxable income from 35% to 21%, and a move from a worldwide tax system to a system that is more territorial-based for companies with foreign operations. To accommodate the move from the previous worldwide tax system, the new law provided for a one-time transition tax on the undistributed post-1986 earnings of foreign subsidiaries as of either November 2, 2017 or December 31, 2017, whichever undistributed earnings amount was greater. Other provisions of the new law allow for immediate expensing of investments in property, plant, and equipment, and impose limitations on the deductibility of interest, executive compensation, and meals and entertainment expense. For tax years beginning after the date of enactment, the new law requires that certain income earned by foreign subsidiaries, referred to in the law as global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI"), be included in the U.S. taxable income of the parent company. The Company has made an accounting policy election to account for any additional tax resulting from the GILTI provisions in the year in which it is incurred and has not recorded any deferred taxes on temporary book-tax differences related to this income. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, the Company's U.S. federal statutory tax rate is the 21.0% rate under the new law. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, the Company's U.S. federal statutory tax rate was 31.5%, reflecting a portion of the year at the 35% rate under the old law and a portion at the 21% rate under the new law. As in prior years, the Company continues to assume repatriation of all undistributed earnings of its consolidated foreign subsidiaries and has therefore provided for expected foreign withholding taxes on the distribution of those earnings where applicable, net of any U.S. tax credit attributable to those withholding taxes. The Company has asserted permanent reinvestment of the book basis of certain foreign subsidiaries, and accordingly, no deferred income tax liability has been recorded for any potential taxable gain that may be realized on a future disposition or liquidation of any of those subsidiaries. It is not practicable for the Company to quantify any deferred income tax liability that would be attributable to those events. Under the applicable accounting guidance, the Company accounted for the effects of the changes in the U.S. tax law in the period in which they were enacted, which was the third quarter of fiscal year 2018. Due to the complexities associated with understanding and applying various aspects of the new law and quantifying or estimating amounts upon which calculations required to account for new law were based, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) issued guidance permitting corporations to record and report specific items impacted by the new law on a provisional basis using reasonable estimates where final amounts had not been determined. The guidance allowed a measurement period of no more than one year from the date of enactment of the new law to complete all adjustments to amounts recorded on a provisional basis. The new tax law resulted in a one-time reduction of income tax expense of $4.5 million for fiscal year 2018, reflecting provisional amounts initially recorded in the third quarter upon enactment, followed by subsequent adjustments to those provisional amounts in the fourth quarter. The reduction of income tax expense from the enactment of the new law was primarily attributable to the adjustment of recorded deferred tax assets and liabilities to the tax rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future, as well as the reduction of the liability previously recorded for U.S. income taxes on the undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries to the amounts to be paid under the one-time transition tax provisions of the new law. Adjustments to the amounts recorded for the enactment of the new law were not material after the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2018, and all effects that were previously accounted for on a provisional basis were designated as final during the third quarter of fiscal year 2019. The effect of the new law in fiscal year 2018 included a $7.8 million net increase in income tax expense from remeasuring net deferred tax assets to the new lower rates at which they are expected to reverse, generally the 21% U.S. federal statutory tax rate. That net increase included approximately $12.4 million of net tax expense from remeasuring net deferred tax assets attributable to pension and other postretirement benefit plans, foreign currency translation adjustments, and other amounts that were recorded through other comprehensive income to the new lower rates, which initially left disproportionate tax effects recorded on the pretax amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). As discussed in Note 1, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02 "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) - Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income" to address this issue by allowing companies to reclassify the disproportionate tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to retained earnings. The Company elected to early-adopt ASU 2018-02 in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2018 and chose to reclassify the disproportionate tax effects. The reclassification increased accumulated other comprehensive loss and increased retained earnings by approximately $12.4 million in fiscal year 2018. Income Tax Expense Income taxes for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 consisted of the following:
| Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Current |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | (2,639 | ) |  | $ | 1,110 |  |  | $ | 3,422 |
State and local | 377 |  |  | 175 |  |  | 147 |
Foreign | 39,578 |  |  | 60,356 |  |  | 36,537 |
| 37,316 |  |  | 61,641 |  |  | 40,106 |
Deferred |  |  |  |  |
United States | 5,713 |  |  | (20,052 | ) |  | 5,434 |
State and local | (4 | ) |  | 68 |  |  | 561 |
Foreign | (1,837 | ) |  | 8,852 |  |  | 10,631 |
| 3,872 |  |  | (11,132 | ) |  | 16,626 |
Total | $ | 41,188 |  |  | $ | 50,509 |  |  | $ | 56,732 |
Foreign taxes include any applicable U.S. tax expense on the earnings of foreign subsidiaries. Consolidated Effective Income Tax Rate A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax rate is as follows:
| Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
U.S. federal statutory tax rate | 21.0 | % |  | 31.5 | % |  | 35.0 | %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit | 0.2 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.3 |
Dividends received from deconsolidated operations | — |  |  | (1.4 | ) |  | (2.3 | )
Foreign earnings taxed at rates other than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate | 7.1 |  |  | 2.8 |  |  | — |
Foreign dividend withholding taxes | 3.7 |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  | — |
Reversal of dividend withholding tax due to foreign subsidiary tax holiday | (5.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Effects of new tax law: |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment of deferred tax assets and liabilities to lower tax rate | — |  |  | 4.6 |  |  | — |
Reduction of U.S. tax liability on undistributed foreign earnings to amounts payable under one-time transition tax | — |  |  | (8.3 | ) |  | — |
Other, including changes in liabilities recorded for uncertain tax positions | 0.3 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 0.5 |
Effective income tax rate | 27.2 | % |  | 30.3 | % |  | 33.5 | %
During fiscal year 2019, the Company reversed amounts previously recorded for dividend withholding taxes on distributed and undistributed retained earnings of a foreign subsidiary. The reversal followed the resolution of uncertainties with the local country taxing authorities with respect to the inclusion of the tax under a tax holiday applicable to the subsidiary and was attributable to cumulative retained earnings amounts previously distributed or expected to be distributed prior to the expiration of the tax holiday. The reversal reduced income tax expense for fiscal year 2019 by approximately $7.8 million, which decreased the effective tax rate for the year by 5.1%, as noted in the above rate reconciliation. Components of Income Before Income Taxes The U.S. and foreign components of income before income taxes were as follows:
| Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
United States | $ | 37,478 |  |  | $ | 10,442 |  |  | $ | 31,468 |
Foreign | 113,844 |  |  | 156,235 |  |  | 137,770 |
Total | $ | 151,322 |  |  | $ | 166,677 |  |  | $ | 169,238 |
Deferred Income Tax Liabilities and Assets Significant components of deferred tax liabilities and assets were as follows:
| March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Liabilities |  |  |
Foreign withholding taxes | $ | 20,659 |  |  | $ | 25,987 |
Undistributed earnings | 6,579 |  |  | 8,636 |
Goodwill | 19,529 |  |  | 19,529 |
All other | 7,088 |  |  | 9,039 |
Total deferred tax liabilities | $ | 53,855 |  |  | $ | 63,191 |
Assets |  |  |
Employee benefit plans | $ | 20,467 |  |  | $ | 21,714 |
Reserves and accruals | 7,898 |  |  | 9,673 |
Deferred income | 3,829 |  |  | 4,878 |
Currency translation losses of foreign subsidiaries | 1,993 |  |  | 1,993 |
Local currency exchange losses of foreign subsidiaries | 1,252 |  |  | 843 |
All other | 4,987 |  |  | 6,522 |
Total deferred tax assets | 40,426 |  |  | 45,623 |
Valuation allowance | (1,798 | ) |  | (1,040 | )
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 38,628 |  |  | $ | 44,583 |
At March 31, 2019, the Company had no material net operating loss carryforwards in either its domestic or foreign operations. Combined Income Tax Expense (Benefit) The combined income tax expense (benefit) allocable to continuing operations and other comprehensive income was as follows:
| Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Continuing operations | $ | 41,188 |  |  | $ | 50,509 |  |  | $ | 56,732 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | (5,390 | ) |  | 23,471 |  |  | 1,503 |
Total | $ | 35,798 |  |  | $ | 73,980 |  |  | $ | 58,235 |
Uncertain Tax Positions A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of the gross liability for uncertain tax positions for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, is as follows:
| Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Liability for uncertain tax positions, beginning of year | $ | 3,673 |  |  | $ | 2,426 |  |  | $ | 2,407 |
Additions: |  |  |  |  |
Related to tax positions for the current year | 85 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 94 |
Related to tax positions for prior years | 2,169 |  |  | 1,310 |  |  | — |
Reductions: |  |  |  |  |
Due to lapses of statutes of limitations | (90 | ) |  | (104 | ) |  | (112 | )
Related to tax positions for prior years | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | )
Effect of currency rate changes | (212 | ) |  | (66 | ) |  | 40 |
Liability for uncertain tax positions, end of year | $ | 5,625 |  |  | $ | 3,673 |  |  | $ | 2,426 |
Of the total liability for uncertain tax positions at March 31, 2019, approximately $5.5 million could have an effect on the consolidated effective tax rate if the tax benefits are recognized. The liability for uncertain tax positions includes $0.1 million related to tax positions for which it is reasonably possible that the amounts could change significantly before March 31, 2020. This amount reflects a possible decrease in the liability for uncertain tax positions that could result from the completion and resolution of tax audits and the expiration of open tax years in various tax jurisdictions. The Company recognizes accrued interest related to uncertain tax positions as interest expense, and it recognizes penalties as a component of income tax expense. Amounts accrued or reversed for interest and penalties were not material for any of the fiscal years 2017 through 2019, and liabilities recorded for interest and penalties at March 31, 2019 and 2018 also were not material. Universal and its subsidiaries file a U.S. federal consolidated income tax return, as well as returns in several U.S. states and a number of foreign jurisdictions. As of March 31, 2019, the Company's earliest open tax year for U.S. federal income tax purposes was its fiscal year ended March 31, 2015. Open tax years in state and foreign jurisdictions generally range from 3 to 6 years.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 + Details
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