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Derivatives And Hedging Activities | 12 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2019
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] |
Derivatives And Hedging Activities | DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES Universal is exposed to various risks in its worldwide operations and uses derivative financial instruments to manage two specific types of risks – interest rate risk and foreign currency exchange rate risk. Interest rate risk has been managed by entering into interest rate swap agreements, and foreign currency exchange rate risk has been managed by entering into forward foreign currency exchange contracts. However, the Company’s policy also permits other types of derivative instruments. In addition, foreign currency exchange rate risk is also managed through strategies that do not involve derivative instruments, such as using local borrowings and other approaches to minimize net monetary positions in non-functional currencies. The disclosures below provide additional information about the Company’s hedging strategies, the derivative instruments used, and the effects of these activities on the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income and the consolidated balance sheets. In the consolidated statements of cash flows, the cash flows associated with all of these activities are reported in net cash provided by operating activities. Cash Flow Hedging Strategy for Interest Rate Risk In February 2019, the Company entered into receive-floating/pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements that were designated and qualify as hedges of the exposure to changes in interest payment cash flows created by fluctuations in variable interest rates on two outstanding non-amortizing bank term loans that were funded as part of a new bank credit facility in December 2018 (see Notes 6 and 7). Although no significant ineffectiveness is expected with this hedging strategy, the effectiveness of the interest rate swaps is evaluated on a quarterly basis. At March 31, 2019, the total notional amount of the interest rate swaps was $370 million, which corresponded with the aggregate outstanding balance of the term loans. Previously, the Company had receive-floating/pay-fixed interest rate swap agreements that were designated and qualified as cash flow hedges for two outstanding non-amortizing bank loans that were repaid concurrent with closing on the new bank credit facility. Those swap agreements, which had an aggregate notional amount of $370 million reflecting the total principal balance outstanding on the loans, were initially designated and carried over to hedge the variable interest payments on the new loans, and then subsequently terminated in February 2019 concurrent with the inception of the new swap agreements. The fair value of the previous swap agreements, approximately $5.4 million, was received from the counterparties upon termination and is being amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings as a reduction of interest expense through the original maturity dates of those agreements. Cash Flow Hedging Strategy for Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk Related to Forecast Purchases of Tobacco and Related Processing Costs The majority of the tobacco production in most countries outside the United States where Universal operates is sold in export markets at prices denominated in U.S. dollars. However, purchases of tobacco from farmers and most processing costs (such as labor and energy) in those countries are usually denominated in the local currency. Changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the local currencies where tobacco is grown and processed affect the ultimate U.S. dollar cost of the processed tobacco. From time to time, the Company enters into forward and option contracts to sell U.S. dollars and buy the local currency at future dates that coincide with the expected timing of a portion of the tobacco purchases and processing costs. This strategy offsets the variability of future U.S. dollar cash flows for tobacco purchases and processing costs for the foreign currency notional amount hedged. This hedging strategy has been used mainly for tobacco purchases and processing costs in Brazil, although the Company has also recently entered forward contracts to hedge exchange rate risk for a portion of the forecast tobacco purchases from the upcoming crop in Mozambique. The aggregate U.S. dollar notional amount of forward and option contracts entered for these purposes during fiscal years 2019, 2018, and 2017 was as follows:
|  | Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
(in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Tobacco purchases |  | $ | 76.9 |  |  | $ | 43.3 |  |  | $ | 70.7 |
Processing costs |  | 19.8 |  |  | 17.1 |  |  | 24.0 |
Total |  | $ | 96.7 |  |  | $ | 60.4 |  |  | $ | 94.7 |
Variations in exchange rates and in the amount and timing of fixed-price orders from customers for their purchases from individual crop years routinely cause variations in the U.S. dollar notional amount of forward contracts entered into from one year to the next. The increased U.S. dollar notional amounts for tobacco purchases and processing costs hedged during fiscal year 2019 reflect those variations, as well as the additional hedging of forecast tobacco purchases in Mozambique. All contracts related to tobacco purchases were designated and qualified as hedges of the future cash flows associated with the forecast purchases of tobacco. As a result, changes in fair values of the forward and option contracts have been recognized in comprehensive income as they occurred, but only recognized in earnings upon sale of the related tobacco to third-party customers. Forward and option contracts related to processing costs have not been designated as hedges, and gains and losses on those contracts have been recognized in earnings on a mark-to-market basis. For substantially all hedge gains and losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss at March 31, 2019, the Company expects to complete the sale of the tobacco and recognize the amounts in earnings during fiscal year 2020. At March 31, 2019, all hedged forecast purchases of tobacco not yet completed remained probable of occurring within the originally designated time period and, as a result, no hedges had been discontinued. Purchases of the 2019 crops in Brazil and Mozambique are expected to be completed by July 2019, and all forward contracts to hedge those purchases will mature and be settled by that time. Hedging Strategy for Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk Related to Net Local Currency Monetary Assets and Liabilities of Foreign Subsidiaries Most of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries transact the majority of their sales in U.S. dollars and finance the majority of their operating requirements with U.S. dollar borrowings, and therefore use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. These subsidiaries normally have certain monetary assets and liabilities on their balance sheets that are denominated in the local currency. Those assets and liabilities can include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable, advances to farmers and suppliers, deferred income tax assets and liabilities, recoverable value-added taxes, and other items. Net monetary assets and liabilities denominated in the local currency are remeasured into U.S. dollars each reporting period, generating gains and losses that the Company records in earnings as a component of selling, general, and administrative expenses. The level of net monetary assets or liabilities denominated in the local currency normally fluctuates throughout the year based on the operating cycle, but it is most common for monetary assets to exceed monetary liabilities, sometimes by a significant amount. When this situation exists and the local currency weakens against the U.S. dollar, remeasurement losses are generated. Conversely, remeasurement gains are generated on a net monetary asset position when the local currency strengthens against the U.S. dollar. To manage a portion of its exposure to currency remeasurement gains and losses, the Company enters into forward contracts to buy or sell the local currency at future dates coinciding with expected changes in the overall net local currency monetary asset position of the subsidiary. Gains and losses on the forward contracts are recorded in earnings as a component of selling, general, and administrative expenses for each reporting period as they occur, and thus directly offset the related remeasurement losses or gains in the consolidated statements of income for the notional amount hedged. The Company does not designate these contracts as hedges for accounting purposes. The contracts are generally arranged to hedge the subsidiary's projected exposure to currency remeasurement risk for specified periods of time, and new contracts are entered as necessary throughout the year to replace previous contracts as they mature. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, the Company used forward currency contracts to manage its exposure to currency remeasurement risk in Brazil. The total notional amounts of contracts outstanding at March 31, 2019 and 2018, were approximately $24.8 million and $27.3 million, respectively. To further mitigate currency remeasurement exposure, the Company’s foreign subsidiaries may utilize short-term local currency financing during certain periods. This strategy, while not involving the use of derivative instruments, is intended to minimize the subsidiary’s net monetary position by financing a portion of the local currency monetary assets with local currency monetary liabilities and thus hedging a portion of the overall position. Several of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries transact the majority of their sales and finance the majority of their operating requirements in their local currency, and therefore use their respective local currencies as the functional currency for reporting purposes. From time to time, these subsidiaries sell tobacco to customers in transactions that are not denominated in the functional currency. In those situations, the subsidiaries routinely enter into forward exchange contracts to offset currency risk for the period of time that a fixed-price order and the related trade account receivable are outstanding with the customer. The contracts are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes. Effect of Derivative Financial Instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Income The table below outlines the effects of the Company’s use of derivative financial instruments on the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017.
|  | Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Cash Flow Hedges - Interest Rate Swap Agreements |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative |  |  |  |  |  |
Effective Portion of Hedge |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | $ | (7,496 | ) |  | $ | 4,869 |  |  | $ | 8,999 |
Gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings |  | $ | 1,689 |  |  | $ | (1,244 | ) |  | $ | (3,916 | )
Gain on terminated interest rate swaps amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings |  | $ | 260 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Location of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings |  | Interest expense
Ineffective Portion of Hedge |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Location of gain (loss) recognized in earnings |  | Selling, general and administrative expenses
Hedged Item |  |  |  |  |  |
Description of hedged item |  | Floating rate interest payments on term loans
Cash Flow Hedges - Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative |  |  |  |  |  |
Effective Portion of Hedge |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | $ | (2,623 | ) |  | $ | (1,204 | ) |  | $ | 454 |
Gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings |  | $ | (3,034 | ) |  | $ | (1,099 | ) |  | $ | 945 |
Location of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings |  | Cost of goods sold
Ineffective Portion and Early De-designation of Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | 246 |
Location of gain (loss) recognized in earnings |  | Selling, general and administrative expenses
Hedged Item |  |  |  |  |  |
Description of hedged item |  | Forecast purchases of tobacco in Brazil and Mozambique
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges - Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings |  | $ | (4,671 | ) |  | $ | (234 | ) |  | $ | (2,591 | )
Location of gain (loss) recognized in earnings |  | Selling, general and administrative expenses
For the outstanding interest rate swap agreements, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss and any ineffective portion is recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses. For the terminated interest rates swaps previously designated as cash flow hedges, a $5.1 million net realized hedge gain remained in accumulated other comprehensive loss at March 31, 2019. The Company expects to amortize $2.7 million of this remaining unamortized gain into earnings as a reduction of interest expense in fiscal year 2020. For the forward foreign currency exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges of tobacco purchases in Brazil and Mozambique, a $0.3 million net hedge gain remained in accumulated other comprehensive loss at March 31, 2019. No hedge gain or loss had been reclassified to earnings at March 31, 2019 since shipments of those tobaccos had not yet started. The majority of the balance in accumulated other comprehensive loss will be recognized in earnings as a component of cost of goods sold in fiscal year 2020 as the 2019 crops in Brazil and Mozambique are sold to customers. Based on the hedging strategy, as the gain or loss is recognized in earnings, it is expected to be offset by a change in the direct cost for the tobacco or by a change in sales prices if the strategy has been mandated by the customer. Generally, margins on the sale of the tobacco will not be significantly affected. Effect of Derivative Financial Instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets The table below outlines the effects of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2019 and 2018:
|  | Derivatives in a Fair Value Asset Position |  | Derivatives in a Fair Value Liability Position
|  | Balance Sheet Location |  | Fair Value as of March 31, |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | Fair Value as of March 31,
|  |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap agreements |  | Other non-current assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,262 |  |  | Other long-term liabilities |  | $ | 6,351 |  |  | $ | — |
Forward foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Other current assets |  | 307 |  |  | 19 |  |  | Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | — |  |  | 123 |
Total |  |  |  | $ | 307 |  |  | $ | 8,281 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,351 |  |  | $ | 123 |
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Other current assets |  | $ | 233 |  |  | $ | 341 |  |  | Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | $ | 386 |  |  | $ | 269 |
Total |  |  |  | $ | 233 |  |  | $ | 341 |  |  |  |  | $ | 386 |  |  | $ | 269 |
Substantially all of the Company's forward foreign currency exchange contracts are subject to master netting arrangements, whereby the right to offset occurs in the event of default by a participating party. The Company has elected to present these contracts on a gross basis in the consolidated balance sheets.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for derivative instruments and hedging activities including, but not limited to, risk management strategies, non-hedging derivative instruments, assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and methodologies and assumptions used in determining the amounts. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2229140 + Details
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