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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the results of Teladoc Health, as well as three professional associations and 10 professional corporations that comprise the “THMG Association” and five professional corporations that comprise the “Uplift Association.”

Principles of Consolidation

The Company holds a variable interest in the THMG Association and the Uplift Association, which each contract with physicians and other health professionals in order to provide services to Teladoc Health. The THMG Association and the Uplift Association are each considered a variable interest entity (“VIE”) since each does not have sufficient equity to finance their respective activities without additional subordinated financial support. An enterprise having a controlling financial interest in a VIE must consolidate the VIE if it has both power and benefits—that is, it has (1) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance (power) and (2) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that potentially could be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that potentially could be significant to the VIE (benefits). The Company has the power and rights to control the activities that most significantly impact the THMG Association and the Uplift Association economic performance and funds and absorbs all losses of the VIE and appropriately consolidates the THMG Association and the Uplift Association.

Business Combinations

The Company accounts for its business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. The purchase price is attributed to the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets and liabilities acquired or assumed are measured separately at their fair values as of the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price of acquisition over the fair value of the

identifiable net assets of the acquiree is recorded as goodwill. The results of businesses acquired in a business combination are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition.

When the Company issues stock-based or cash awards to an acquired company’s stockholders, the Company evaluates whether the awards are consideration or compensation for post-acquisition services. The evaluation includes, among other things, whether the vesting of the awards is contingent on the continued employment of the acquired company’s stockholders beyond the acquisition date. If continued employment is required for vesting, the awards are treated as compensation for post-acquisition services and recognized as expense over the requisite service period.

Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management to use significant judgment and estimates, including the selection of valuation methodologies, estimates of future revenue and cash flows, discount rates, and selection of comparable companies. The estimates and assumptions used to determine the fair values and useful lives of identified intangible assets could change due to numerous factors, including market conditions, technological developments, economic conditions, and competition. In connection with determination of fair values, the Company may engage a third-party valuation specialist to assist with the valuation of intangible and certain tangible assets acquired and certain obligations assumed.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, current business and economic factors, and various other assumptions that the Company believes are necessary to form a basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities, the recorded amounts of revenue and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The Company is subject to uncertainties such as the impact of future events, economic and political factors, and changes in the Company’s business environment; therefore, actual results could differ from these estimates. Accordingly, the accounting estimates used in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements will change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as the Company’s operating environment evolves. The Company believes that estimates used in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are reasonable; however, actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

Changes in estimates are made when circumstances warrant. Such changes in estimates and refinements in estimation methodologies are reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Operations; if material, the effects of changes in estimates are disclosed in the Notes to Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

Significant estimates and assumptions by management affect areas including the value and useful life of long-lived assets (including intangible assets), the capitalization and amortization of software development costs, allowances for sales, and the accounting for business combinations. Other significant areas include revenue recognition (including performance guarantees), the accounting for income taxes, contingencies (including earnouts), litigation and related legal accruals, the accounting for stock-based compensation awards, the probability assessment of satisfying vesting conditions for certain investments, and other items as described in the Summary of Significant Accounting policies in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Segment Information

The Company operates as an organizational and reporting structure based on two reportable segments, which are the same as its reporting units: Teladoc Health Integrated Care (“Integrated Care”) and BetterHelp. This structure reflects how management allocates resources and assesses performance.

Fair Value Measurements

The carrying value of the Company’s cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximates fair value due to their short-term nature.

A financial instrument’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1—Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2—Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity.

The Company measures its cash equivalents at fair value on a recurring basis. The Company classifies its cash equivalents within Level 1 because they are valued using observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets in active markets and quoted prices directly in active markets.

Revenue Recognition/ Deferred Revenue/ Leases of Hosted Virtual Care Platform

Revenue Recognition

The Company follows the revenue accounting requirements of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, “Revenues from Contracts with Customers.” ASC Topic 606 establishes a principle for recognizing revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers, in an amount that reflects the expected consideration received in exchange for those goods or services. The core principle of ASC Topic 606 is to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to the Company’s customers, which primarily consist of employers, health plans, hospitals and health systems, insurance companies, and financial services companies (collectively “Clients”) as well as individual members, in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This principle is achieved through applying the following five-step approach:

•Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a Client.

•Identification of the performance obligations in the contract.

•Determination of the transaction price.

•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract.

•Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

Integrated Care Segment

As it relates to the Company’s Integrated Care segment, the Company primarily generates virtual care service revenue from contracts with Clients who purchase access to the THMG Association’s professional provider network or medical experts for their employees, dependents and other beneficiaries. The Company’s Client contracts include a per-member-per-month (“PMPM”), per-employee-per-month (“PEPM”), or per-participant-per-month (“PPPM”) access fee as well as certain contracts that generate revenue based solely on a per-telehealth visit basis for general medical and other specialty visits. Depending on the product, we may generate revenue from clients through a combination of access fees and visit fees, while certain Clients may have access-fee only or visit fee only arrangements.

The Company generates access fees from Clients accessing the THMG Association professional provider network, hosted virtual care platform, and chronic care management platforms. We also generate visit fee revenue for general medical, expert second opinions, virtual therapy, and other specialty visits. Additionally, we generate other revenue associated with virtual care device equipment sales included with its hosted virtual care platform. Visit and other revenues are reported as “Other” revenue in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Revenue is also generated from contracts with Clients in hospital and health systems for the sale and rental of equipment consisting of virtual care devices which allow physicians to access the Company’s hosted virtual care platform. These contracts also include multiple performance obligations, and the Company determines the standalone selling prices based on overall pricing objectives. In some arrangements, devices are rented to certain Clients that qualify as either sales-type lease or operating lease arrangements and are subject to lease accounting guidance.

Revenue is also generated from contracts with Clients for the Company’s chronic care management solutions. Substantially all of this revenue is derived from monthly access fees that are recognized as services are rendered and earned under subscription agreements with Clients that are based on a PPPM model, using the number of active enrolled members

each month for the minimum enrollment period. These solutions integrate devices, supplies, access to the Company’s web-based platform, mobile application, and clinical and data services to provide an overall health management solution. The promises to transfer these goods and services are not separately identifiable and are considered a single continuous service comprised of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer (i.e., distinct days of service). These services are consumed as they are received, and the Company recognizes revenue each month using the variable consideration allocation exception because the nature of the obligations and the variability of the payment being based on the number of active members are aligned.

The Company’s Client agreements generally have a term of one to three years for the Integrated Care segment, the majority of which have a term of one year. Revenues are recognized when the Company satisfies its performance obligation to stand ready to provide virtual care services which occurs when the Company’s Clients and members have access to and obtain control of the virtual care service or platform.

For contracts where revenue is generated on a per-telehealth visit basis, revenues are recognized when the visits are completed as the Company has delivered on its stand ready obligation to provide access. For other revenue, which primarily includes virtual care devices, the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied when the equipment is provided to the Client and revenue is recognized at a point in time upon shipment.

The Company generally bills for virtual care services on a monthly basis, in advance or in arrears depending on the service, with payment terms generally being 30 days. There are not significant differences between the timing of revenue recognition and billing. Consequently, the Company has determined that Client contracts do not include a financing component. Revenue is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected in exchange for the service and for certain contracts include a variable transaction price as the number of members may vary from period to period. The Company estimates this amount based on historical experience.

The Company’s contracts do not generally contain refund provisions for fees earned related to services performed.

Additionally, certain of the Company’s contracts include Client performance guarantees and pricing adjustments that are based upon minimum member utilization and guarantees by the Company for specific service level performance, member satisfaction scores, cost savings or other value achievements or guarantees, and health outcome guarantees. Performance guarantees are estimated at each reporting period based on the Company’s historical performance or other available information of the underlying criteria or the customer’s specific performance as of that reporting date. Any estimated adjustments to the contract price for achieving or not achieving the performance guarantee are recognized as an adjustment to revenue in the period. Performance obligations related to prior periods for changes in estimated transaction price or Client performance guarantees resulted in an increase of $8.3 million of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025 and a decrease of $5.9 million and $14.7 million of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company has elected the optional exemption to not disclose the remaining performance obligations of its contracts since the majority of its contracts have a duration of one year or less and the variable consideration expected to be received over the duration of the contract is allocated entirely to the wholly unsatisfied performance obligations.

For additional revenue, deferred revenue, deferred costs, and disclosures, refer to Note 3. “Revenue, Deferred Revenue, and Deferred Device and Contract Costs.”

BetterHelp Segment

As it relates to the BetterHelp segment, users can purchase virtual therapy services for an access fee, generally on a monthly or weekly basis. In certain states, users can utilize their insurance coverage to pay for virtual therapy services on a per visit basis. For other wellness services, users can purchase access to their consumer application for a subscription fee, generally for a period of one year. BetterHelp also provides virtual therapy services to employers as part of employee assistance programs, with revenues recorded based on completion of visit.

The BetterHelp service provides for member refunds. The Company estimates the expected amount of refunds to be issued based on historical experience, which are recorded as a reduction of revenue. The Company issued refunds of approximately $49.9 million, $84.0 million, and $93.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue represents billed, but unrecognized revenue, and is comprised of fees received in advance of the delivery or completion of the services and amounts received in instances when revenue recognition criteria have not been met. The Company records deferred revenue when cash payments are received in advance of the Company’s performance obligation to provide services. Deferred revenue is derived from: 1) upfront payments for a device, which is amortized ratably over the expected member enrollment period; 2) upfront payments for certain services where payment is required for future periods before the service is delivered to the member, which is recognized when the services are provided; and 3) upfront payments from third-party financing companies with whom the Company works to provide certain Clients with a rental option, which is recognized over the rental period. Deferred revenue that will be recognized during the next twelve-month period is recorded as current deferred revenue and the remaining portion is recorded as non-current deferred revenue.

Leases of Hosted Virtual Care Platform

The Company rents its hosted virtual care platform for certain Clients under arrangements that qualify primarily as operating lease arrangements. The contracts include equipment consisting of virtual care devices which allow physicians access to the platform and there are multiple performance obligations where the Company determines the standalone selling prices based on overall selling prices and pricing objectives. In determining whether a transaction should be classified as a sales-type or operating lease, the Company considers whether: (1) ownership of the virtual care device transfers to the lessee by the end of the term of the lease, (2) the lease grants the lessee an option to purchase the virtual care device that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise, (3) the lease term is for the major part of the remaining useful life of the virtual care device, (4) the present value of the sum of the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the virtual care device, and (5) it is expected that there will be no alternative use for the virtual care device at the end of the lease term.

The Company generally recognizes revenue for virtual care devices as sales-type leases at a point in time upon shipment by the Client provided all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. For operating lease arrangements, revenue for the virtual care device is recognized over the lease term and generally on a straight-line basis. For both sales-type and operating lease arrangement, revenue associated with virtual care platform access is recognized over the lease term on a straight-line basis.

Deferred Device and Contract Costs

Deferred device costs consist of cost of inventory incurred in connection with delivery of services that are deferred and amortized over the shorter of the expected member enrollment period or the expected device life and recorded as cost of revenue.

Deferred contract costs represent the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a Client if the Company expects to recover such costs. The primary example of the Company’s costs to obtain a contract include incremental sales commissions to obtain contracts paid to its sales organization. A portion of these incremental costs to obtain Client contracts are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of benefit, which has been determined to be four years. The amounts subject to the services period are amortized in sales expense in the consolidated statement of operations.

Deferred device and contract costs that are to be amortized within twelve months are recorded to deferred device and contract costs, current within the line item Prepaid expenses and other current assets and the remainder is recorded to deferred device and contract costs, noncurrent within the line item Other assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Cost of Revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization, which is shown separately)

Cost of Revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization, which are shown separately)

Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization, which are shown separately) primarily consists of fees paid to the physicians and other health professionals in the THMG Association and the Uplift Association provider networks; product costs; costs incurred in connection with the THMG Association and the Uplift Association provider network operations and data center activities, which include employee-related expenses (including salaries and benefits, incentive compensation, and stock-based compensation) costs related to Client support, and provider network, medical records, magnetic resonance imaging, medical lab tests, translation, postage, medical malpractice insurance, and deferred device costs. Cost of revenue includes costs of technology enabling multiple modes of real-time communication, including via web browser, mobile application, voice/telephony, and text.

Technology and Development

Technology and development expenses include the costs of operating the Company’s on-demand technology infrastructure that are not directly related to changes in revenue or volume of visits, including certain licensed applications, information technology infrastructure, security, and compliance. The technology and development line item also contains amounts charged to expense for research and development, which include costs of new product development, costs to add new features or improve reliability or scalability of existing applications, and other software development and engineering costs to the extent that they are not capitalized. The research and development expenses may enable future revenue growth but are not directly related to current revenues.

Technology and development expenses include personnel and related expenses (including salaries and benefits, incentive compensation, and stock-based compensation) for software engineering, information technology infrastructure, security and compliance, product development, and support for the Company’s efforts to add new features and ensure the reliability and scalability of its existing solutions. Technology and development expenses also include outsourced software engineering services, the costs of operating the Company’s on-demand technology infrastructure (whereas costs directly associated with changes in revenue are presented separately in cost of revenues), certain licensed applications, and stock-

based compensation for its technology and development employees. The Company’s technology and development expenses exclude certain allocations of occupancy expense, capitalized software development costs, and depreciation and amortization.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs include costs of new product development, costs to add new features or improve reliability or scalability of existing applications, and other software development and engineering costs to the extent that they are not capitalized. The research and development expenses may enable future revenue growth but are not directly related to changes in current revenues. Research and development costs are recorded as a component of technology and development in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash deposited with financial institutions and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase. The Company’s cash equivalents primarily consist of investments in money market funds. The combined account balances at one or more institutions typically exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance coverage or foreign equivalents, and, as a result, there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts on deposit in excess of the insurance coverage.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of allowances for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects the Company’s best estimate of expected losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. The Company determines the allowance based on historical experience, specific account information, and other currently available evidence. Accounts receivable deemed uncollectable are charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts when identified.

Inventories

Inventories consist of purchased components for assembling welcome kits, refill kits, and replacement components for the Company’s chronic care management solutions, and virtual health devices manufactured for sale or lease as part of the Company’s hosted virtual care platform solution. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The cost of inventories is computed using standard cost, which approximates actual cost, on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventory costs include direct materials, direct labor and contracting costs, certain indirect labor and manufacturing overhead, and inbound shipping charges. Inventories are assessed on a periodic basis for potentially obsolete and slow-moving inventory with write-downs being recorded when identified. Write-downs are measured as the difference between cost of the inventory and net realizable value based upon assumptions about future demand and obsolescence, and charged to cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization, which are shown separately) in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. At the point of the loss recognition, a new lower cost basis for that inventory is established, and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis.

Property and Equipment/ Rental Equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective asset as follows:


Computer equipment			3 years
Furniture and equipment			5 to 7 years
Leasehold improvements			Shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the improvements
Rental equipment			4.3 years

Rental Equipment

Equipment is assigned to the rental pool upon the execution of a sales leasing arrangement. Rental equipment assets are generally stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and reflected in property and equipment, net. Depreciation of rental equipment is provided on a straight-line basis, over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, which is generally 4.3 years and is charged to cost of revenues.

Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred while improvements are capitalized. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statement of operations in the period realized.

Operating Leases

The Company accounts for its leases under the standards set forth under ASC Topic 842, “Leases”.

Capitalized Software Development Costs

The Company applies ASC 350-40, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software, to the accounting for costs of internal-use software where no substantive plan either exists or is being developed to externally market the software. Capitalized software development costs are included in intangible assets and are amortized on a straight-line basis over three to five years. For the Company’s software development costs related to its tools that enable its members and providers to interact, the Company capitalizes internal-use software development costs incurred during the application development stage. Costs related to maintenance activities are expensed as incurred.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the total purchase consideration over the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level annually on October 1 or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not to be impaired. These events include: (i) severe adverse industry or economic trends; (ii) significant company-specific actions, including exiting an activity in conjunction with restructuring of operations; (iii) current, historical or projected deterioration of our financial performance; or (iv) a sustained decrease in the Company's market capitalization, as indicated by its publicly quoted share price. As of December 31, 2025, the Company operates as two reporting units under the guidance in ASC 350, “Intangibles- Goodwill and Other,” the Integrated Care reporting unit and the BetterHelp reporting unit.

When testing goodwill for impairment, the Company has the option of first performing a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting units is less than its carrying amount. If the

Company elects to bypass the qualitative assessment, or if a qualitative assessment indicates it is more likely than not that carrying value exceeds its fair value, the Company performs a quantitative goodwill impairment test. Under the quantitative goodwill impairment test, if the Company’s reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, the Company will record an impairment charge based on that difference.

To determine reporting unit fair value as part of the quantitative test, the Company uses the income approach, the market approach, or a weighting of the fair values derived from both approaches. Under the income approach, the Company projects its future cash flows and discount these cash flows to reflect their relative risk. The cash flows used are consistent with those the Company uses in its internal planning, which reflects actual business trends experienced and its long-term business strategy. As such, key estimates and factors used in this method include, but are not limited to, revenue, margin and operating expense growth rates; as well as a discount rate and a terminal growth rate.

Under the market approach, the Company uses the guideline company method to develop valuation multiples and compare the Company’s reporting unit to similar publicly traded companies. In order to further validate the reasonableness of fair value as determined by the income and market approaches described above, a reconciliation to market capitalization is then performed by estimating a reasonable control premium and other market factors. Future changes in the judgments, assumptions and estimates that are used in the impairment testing for goodwill could result in significantly different estimates of fair value.

Other Intangible Assets

Other intangible assets include client and other relationships, acquired technology, and trademarks resulting from business acquisitions as well as capitalized software development costs. The Company amortizes these definite-lived intangible assets over their estimated useful lives and review the estimated useful lives on a quarterly basis to determine if the period of economic benefit has changed. Customer relationships are amortized over a period of two to 20 years in relation to expected future cash flows. Acquired technology is amortized over four to seven years using the straight-line method. Capitalized software development costs are amortized over three to five years using the straight-line method.

Definite-lived intangible assets are re-evaluated whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their estimated useful lives may require revision and/or the carrying value of the related asset group may not be recoverable by its projected undiscounted cash flows. If the carrying value of the asset group is determined to be unrecoverable, an impairment charge would be recognized in an amount equal to the amount by which the carrying value of the asset group exceeds its fair value.

Other Investments

Investments in equity securities may be accounted for using (i) the fair value option if elected, (ii) fair value through earnings if fair value is readily determinable or (iii) for equity investments without readily determinable fair values, the measurement alternative to measure at cost adjusted for any impairment and observable price changes, as applicable. The election to use the measurement alternative is made for each eligible investment.

Convertible Senior Notes

The Company's convertible senior notes are fully accounted for and carried as liabilities, net of debt discounts on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, consistent with ASC Subtopic 470-20, “Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation for stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) granted is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the awards and recognized on a straight-line basis over the period during which the employee is required to perform services in exchange for the award (generally the vesting period of the award). The Company estimates the fair value of employee stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Stock-based compensation for performance stock units (“PSUs”) granted is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the awards and recognized on an accelerated tranche by tranche basis over the period during which the employee is required to perform services in exchange for the award (generally the vesting period of the award). The ultimate number of PSUs that are issued to an employee is the result of the actual performance under the terms of the awards at the end of the performance period

compared to the performance targets and generally range from 0% to 200% of the initial grant. The Company recognizes forfeitures of share-based awards as they occur.

The Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) permits eligible employees to purchase common stock at a discount through payroll deductions during defined offering periods. Under the ESPP, the Company may specify offerings with durations of not more than 27 months and may specify shorter purchase periods within each offering. Each offering will have one or more purchase dates on which shares of its common stock will be purchased for employees participating in the offering. An offering may be terminated under certain circumstances. The price at which the stock is purchased is equal to the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the common stock at the beginning of an offering period or on the date of purchase.

Income Taxes

The Company’s provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits reflect management's best assessment of estimated current and future taxes to be paid. The objectives for accounting for income taxes, as prescribed by the relevant accounting guidance, are to recognize the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax assets and liabilities for future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements. Deferred income taxes reflect the tax effect of temporary differences between asset and liability amounts that are recognized for financial reporting purposes and the amounts that are recognized for income tax purposes. These deferred taxes are measured by applying currently enacted tax laws. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The assumptions about future tax consequences require significant judgment and variations in the actual outcome of these consequences could materially impact the Company’s results of operations. The Company recognizes tax liabilities based on estimates of whether additional taxes and interest will be due. The Company adjusts these liabilities when its judgment changes as a result of the evaluation of new information not previously available. Because of the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in a payment that is materially different from the Company’s current estimate of the tax liabilities. Interest and penalties, if any, related to accrued liabilities for potential tax assessments are included in income tax expense.

Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. Determination of valuation allowances recorded against deferred tax assets requires significant judgment and use of assumptions, including past operating results, estimates of future taxable income and the feasibility of tax planning strategies. To the extent that new information becomes available which causes the Company to change its judgment regarding the adequacy of existing valuation allowances, such changes to tax liabilities will impact income tax expense in the period in which such determination is made.

Foreign Currency Translation

Assets and liabilities of operations having non-U.S. dollar functional currencies are translated at year-end exchange rates, and income statement accounts are translated at weighted average exchange rates for the year. Gains or losses resulting from translating foreign currency financial statements are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive loss, a separate component of shareholders’ equity.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock of the Company outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock, including outstanding stock options and convertible notes, to the extent dilutive. Basic and diluted net loss per share was the same for each period presented as the inclusion of all potential shares of common stock outstanding would have been anti-dilutive.

Third-party Advertising and Marketing Expenses

Third-party advertising and marketing expenses are expensed as incurred and predominately relate to the BetterHelp segment and, to a lesser extent, communications and campaigns to the Integrated Care segment’s Clients and members.

Concentrations of Risk

The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Although the Company deposits its cash with multiple financial institutions in the U.S. and in foreign countries, its deposits, at times, may exceed federally insured limits or foreign equivalent. The Company’s cash equivalents are primarily invested in institutional money market funds.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards and Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvement to Income Tax Disclosures.” The updates require enhanced disclosures related to an entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as disaggregated information regarding income taxes paid by jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 applies prospectively to annual periods starting after December 15, 2024, with optional retrospective application. The Company adopted ASU 2023‑09 in the year ended December 31, 2025 retrospectively. The adoption did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations; however, it resulted in additional income tax disclosures, which are included in Note 15. “Income Taxes.”

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, “Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses.” ASU 2024-03 requires a public business entity (“PBE”) to disclose information in the notes to financial statements about purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization, and depletion for each income statement

line item that contains those expenses. Entities would also have to disclose other specific expenses, gains, or losses that are already required to be disclosed under GAAP in this same disclosure, a qualitative description of the amounts remaining that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively, and the total amount of selling expenses, as well as the PBE’s definition of selling expenses. In January 2025, the FASB Issued ASU No. 2025-01, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40),” which clarified that ASU 2024-03 is effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Implementation of ASU 2024-03 may be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The application of this new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In May 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-03, “Business Combinations (Topic 805) and Consolidation (Topic 810): Determining the Accounting Acquirer in the Acquisition of a Variable Interest Entity,” which clarifies current guidance for determining the accounting acquirer for a transaction effected primarily by exchanging equity interests in which the legal acquiree is a variable interest entity that meets the definition of a business. ASU 2025-03 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company currently expects that the adoption of this ASU will not have a material effect on its financial statements.

In May 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-04, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Clarifications to Share-Based Consideration Payable to a Customer.” This new standard clarifies the accounting for share-based consideration payable to a customer under Topics 718 and 606. Key changes include expanding the “performance condition” definition, requiring an estimate of forfeitures, and clarifying the measurement guidance. ASU 2025-04 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, with early adoption permitted. The Company currently expects that the adoption of this ASU will not have a material effect on its financial statements.

In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-05, “Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets.” This new standard provides a practical expedient that all entities can use when estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” The practical expedient allows companies to assume that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the asset when measuring credit losses. ASU 2025-05 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025 and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new guidance on its financial statements.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software.” This new standard provides updated guidance on the capitalization and disclosure of internal-use software costs, including cloud computing arrangements and enhancements to qualitative and quantitative disclosures. The amendments aim to clarify when capitalization should begin and end, and require enhanced disclosures to provide greater transparency about software development spending and amortization patterns. ASU 2025-06 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027 and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new guidance on its financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-11, “Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements,” which intends to improve the navigability of the guidance in ASC 270 and clarify the applicability of the interim reporting guidance, the types of interim reporting, and the form and content of interim financial statements in accordance with GAAP. ASU 2025-11 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new guidance on its financial statements and related disclosures.