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Organization and Description of Business and Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended
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Jan. 01, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Organization And Description Of Business | Organization and Description of Business STAAR Surgical Company and subsidiaries (the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, was first incorporated in 1982 for the purpose of developing, producing, and marketing implantable lenses for the eye and delivery systems used to deliver the lenses into the eye. Principal products are implantable Collamer lenses (“ICLs”) and intraocular lenses (“IOLs”). ICLs, consisting of the Company’s ICL family of products, including the Toric implantable Collamer lenses (“TICL”) and EVO+ Visian ICL, are intraocular lenses used to correct refractive conditions such as myopia (near-sightedness), hyperopia (far-sightedness), astigmatism, and presbyopia. IOLs are prosthetic intraocular lenses used to restore vision that has been adversely affected by cataracts, and include the Company’s lines of silicone IOLs and the Preloaded Injector (a silicone or acrylic IOL preloaded into a single-use disposable injector). As of January 1, 2021, the Company’s significant subsidiaries consisted of:
| • | STAAR Surgical AG, a wholly owned subsidiary formed in Switzerland that markets and distributes ICLs and Preloaded IOLs.
| • | STAAR Japan, a wholly owned subsidiary that markets and distributes Preloaded IOLs and ICLs.
The Company operates as one operating segment, the ophthalmic surgical market, for financial reporting purposes (see Note 17).
Principles of Consolidation | Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of STAAR Surgical Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain reclassifications have been made to financial statements of prior years to conform to the current year presentation (see Note 20).
Fiscal Year and Interim Reporting Periods | Fiscal Year and Interim Reporting Periods The Company’s fiscal year ends on the Friday nearest December 31 and each of the Company’s quarterly reporting periods generally consists of 13 weeks. Fiscal years 2020 and 2018 are based on a 52-week period and fiscal year 2019 is based on a 53-week period.
Foreign Currency | Foreign Currency The functional currency of the Company’s Japanese subsidiary, STAAR Japan, Inc., is the Japanese yen. The functional currency of the Company’s Swiss subsidiary, STAAR Surgical AG, is the U.S. dollar. Assets and liabilities of the Company’s Japanese subsidiary are translated at rates of exchange in effect at the close of the period. Sales and expenses are translated at the weighted average of exchange rates in effect during the period. Net foreign translation gain (loss) was as follows (in thousands):
|  | Years Ended |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Foreign currency translation gain(1) |  | $ | 717 |  |  | $ | 291 |  |  | $ | 242 |
Gain (loss) on foreign currency transactions(2) |  |  | 864 |  |  |  | (517 | ) |  |  | (836 | )
(1) | Shown as a separate line item on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).
(2) | Shown as a separate line item on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with GAAP and, as such, include amounts based on significant estimates and judgments of management with consideration given to materiality. Significant estimates used include determining valuation allowances for uncollectible trade receivables, sales returns reserves, obsolete and excess inventory reserves, deferred income taxes, and tax reserves, including valuation allowances for deferred tax assets, pension liabilities, evaluation of asset impairment, in determining the useful life of depreciable and definite-lived intangible assets, and in the variables and assumptions used to calculate and record stock-based compensation. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic the Company offered extended payment terms to assist its surgeon customers and their clinics as they resumed business. During the second half of 2020, the Company experienced improvements in customer payments and is unaware of any material impairment of customer receivables. The Company’s sales representatives throughout the world remain engaged with customers conducting online training and other educational courses which have been very well attended. This activity has given the Company insight into COVID-19’s impact on customers and potential impairment of receivables.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash | Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash deposits with major banks which from time to time may exceed federally insured limits. The Company periodically assesses the financial condition of the institutions and believes that the risk of any loss is minimal. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows at January 1, 2021, January 3, 2020 and December 28, 2018 (in thousands):
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 152,453 |  |  | $ | 119,968 |  |  | $ | 103,877 |
Restricted cash(1) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 122 |
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | $ | 152,453 |  |  | $ | 119,968 |  |  | $ | 103,999 |
(1)Included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company had restricted cash set aside as collateral for a standby letter of credit required by the California Department of Public Health for unforeseen future regulatory costs related to the decommissioning of certain manufacturing equipment. Since the quarter ended June 28, 2019, the Company was no longer required to set aside collateral for this standby letter of credit.
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition On December 30, 2017 (beginning of fiscal year 2018), the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” and its subsequent amendments, using the modified retrospective method, and determined that there was no cumulative effect adjustment on the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company determined that the adoption of the new standard did not materially impact the revenue recognition on its Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company recognizes revenue when its contractual performance obligations with customers are satisfied. The Company’s performance obligations are generally limited to single sales orders with product shipping to the customer within a month of receipt of the sales order. Substantially all of the Company’s revenues are recognized at a point-in-time when control of its products transfers to the customer, which is typically upon shipment (as discussed below). The Company presents sales tax and similar taxes it collects from its customers on a net basis (excluded from revenues). Note 1 — Organization and Description of Business and Accounting Policies (Continued) Revenue Recognition (Continued) The Company sells certain injector parts to an unrelated customer and supplier (collectively referred to as “supplier”) whereby these injector part sales are either made as a final sale to the supplier or, are sold to be combined with an acrylic IOL by the supplier into finished goods inventory (a preloaded acrylic IOL). These finished goods are then sold back to the Company at an agreed upon, contractual price. The Company makes a profit margin on either type of sale with the supplier and each type of sale is made under separate purchase and sales orders between the two parties resulting in cash settlement for the orders sold or repurchased. For parts that are sold as a final sale, the Company recognizes a sale and those sales are classified as other product sales in total net sales. For the injector parts that are sold to be combined with an acrylic IOL into finished goods, the Company records the transaction at its carrying value deferring any profit margin as contra-inventory, until the finished goods inventory is sold to an end-customer (not the supplier) at which point the Company recognizes revenues. For all sales, the Company is considered the principal in the transaction as the Company is the party providing specified goods it has control over prior to when control is transferred to the customer. Cost of sales includes cost of production, freight and distribution, and inventory provisions, net of any purchase discounts. Shipping and handling activities that occur after the customer obtains control of the goods are recognized as fulfillment costs. The Company also enters into certain strategic cooperation agreements with customers in which, as consideration for certain commitments made by the customer, including minimum purchase commitments, the Company agrees, among other things, to pay for marketing, educational training and general support of the Company’s products. The provisions in these arrangements allow for these payments to be made directly to the customer or payments can be made directly to a third party for distinct marketing, educational training and general support services provided to or on behalf of the customer by the third party. For payments the Company makes to another party, or reimburses the customer for distinct marketing and support services, the Company recognizes these payments as sales and marketing expense as incurred in accordance with ASC 606-10-32-25. These strategic cooperation agreements are generally for periods of 12 months or more with quarterly minimum purchase commitments. The Company recognizes sales and marketing expenses in the period in which it expects the customer will achieve its minimum purchase commitment, generally quarterly, and any unpaid amounts are recorded in Other Current Liabilities in “Other” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, see Note 7. Reimbursements made directly to the customer for general marketing incentives are treated as a reduction in revenues. The Company’s performance obligations generally occur in the same quarter as the shipment of product. Sales and marketing expenses for distinct services were as follows (in thousands):
|  | Years Ended |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Marketing and support services related to strategic cooperation agreements |  | $ | 655 |  |  | $ | 485 |  |  | $ | 629 |
Since the payments for distinct or non-distinct services occur within the quarter corresponding with the purchases made by the customer and the shipments made by the Company to that customer, there is no remaining performance obligation by the Company to the customer. Accordingly, there are no deferred revenues associated with these types of arrangements as of January 1, 2021, January 3, 2020 and December 28, 2018. Note 1 — Organization and Description of Business and Accounting Policies (Continued) Revenue Recognition (Continued) The Company disaggregates its revenue into the following categories: non-consignment sales and consignment sales. Non-consignment Sales The Company recognizes revenue from non-consignment product sales at a point-in-time when control has been transferred, which is typically at shipping point, except for certain customers and for the Company’s STAAR Japan subsidiary, which is typically recognized when the customer receives the product. The Company does not have significant deferred revenues as of January 1, 2021, January 3, 2020 and December 28, 2018, as delivery to the customer is generally made within the same or the next day of shipment. Consignment Sales The Company’s products are marketed to ophthalmic surgeons, hospitals, ambulatory surgery centers or vision centers, and distributors. IOLs and ICLs may be offered to surgeons and hospitals on a consignment basis. The Company maintains title and risk of loss on consigned inventory and recognizes revenue for consignment inventory at a point-in-time when the Company is notified that the lenses have been implanted, thus completing the performance obligation. See Note 17 for additional information on disaggregation of revenues, geographic sales information and product sales.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and adjusts credit limits based on customer payment history and credit worthiness, as determined by the Company’s review of its customers’ current credit information. The Company continuously monitors collections and payments from customers and maintains a provision for estimated credit losses and uncollectible accounts based upon an expected loss model which considers its historical experience, any specific customer collection issues that have been identified and other relevant observable data, including current economic conditions. Amounts determined to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts.
Concentration of Credit Risk and Revenues | Concentration of Credit Risk and Revenues Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk principally consist of trade receivables. This risk is limited due to the large number of customers comprising the Company’s customer base, and their geographic dispersion. As of January 1, 2021 and January 3, 2020, there was one customer who accounted for 46% and 43% of the Company’s consolidated trade receivables, respectively. Ongoing credit evaluations of customers’ financial condition are performed and, generally, no collateral is required. The Company maintains reserves for potential credit losses and such losses, taken together, have not exceeded management’s expectations. There was one customer who accounted for 44%, 43% and 37% of the Company’s consolidated net sales for the years ended 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Sales Return Reserve | Note 1 — Organization and Description of Business and Accounting Policies (Continued) Sales Return Reserve The Company generally may permit returns of product if the product, upon issuance of a Return Goods Authorization, is returned within the time allowed by its return policies and records an allowance for estimated returns at the time revenue is recognized. The Company’s allowance for estimated returns is based on an expected loss model which considers historical and current/anticipated trends and experience, the impact of new product launches, the entry of a competitor, availability of timely and pertinent information and the various terms and arrangements offered, including sales with extended credit terms. For estimated returns, sales are reported net of estimated returns and cost of sales are reported net of estimated returns that can be resold. On the Consolidated Balance Sheets, the balances associated for estimated sales returns were as follows (in thousands):
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Estimated returns - inventory(1) |  | $ | 1,041 |  |  | $ | 869 |
Allowance for sales returns |  |  | 4,532 |  |  |  | 3,644 |
(1) | Recognized in inventories, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. To increase the comparability of fair value measures, the following hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation methodologies used to measure fair value (ASC 820-10-50):
| • | Level 1 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
| • | Level 2 – Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments.
| • | Level 3 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable; that reflect management’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would make and significant to the fair value.
The carrying values reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets for cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, net, prepayments, deposits and other current assets, accounts payable, other current liabilities and line of credit approximate their fair values because of the short maturity of these instruments.
Inventories, Net | Inventories, Net Inventories, net are valued at the lower of cost, determined on a first-in, first-out basis, or net realizable value. Inventories include the costs of raw material, labor, and manufacturing overhead, work in process and finished goods. Inventories also include as a contra item, deferred margins for certain injector parts described under the revenue recognition policy. The Company provides estimated inventory allowances for excess, expiring, slow moving and obsolete inventory as well as inventory whose carrying value is in excess of net realizable value to properly reflect inventory at the lower of cost or market.
Property, Plant, and Equipment | Note 1 — Organization and Description of Business and Accounting Policies (Continued) Property, Plant, and Equipment Property, plant, and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation on property, plant, and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as noted below. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the related lease term. Major improvements are capitalized and minor replacements, maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Also included in property, plant and equipment is construction in process. Construction in process includes the cost of design plans and build out of facilities and the cost of equipment, as well as the direct costs incurred in the testing and validation of machinery and equipment and facilities before they are ready for productive use. Upon placement in service, costs are reclassified into the appropriate asset category and depreciation commences. The estimated useful lives of assets are as follows:
Machinery and equipment |  | 5-10 years
Computer equipment and software |  | 2-5 years
Furniture and equipment |  | 3-7 years
Leasehold improvements |  | The shorter of the useful life of the asset or the term of the associated lease
Goodwill | Goodwill Goodwill, which has an indefinite life, is not amortized but instead is tested for impairment on an annual basis or between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. Impairment testing for goodwill is done at the reporting unit level. Reporting units can be one level below the operating segment level, and can be combined when reporting units within the same operating segment have similar economic characteristics. The Company has determined that its reporting units have similar economic characteristics, and therefore, can be combined into one reporting unit for the purposes of goodwill impairment testing. The Company performed its annual impairment test and determined that its goodwill was not impaired. As of January 1, 2021 and January 3, 2020, the carrying value of goodwill was $1,786,000.
Long-Lived Assets | Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews property, plant, and equipment and intangible assets, excluding goodwill, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company measures recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying value of such assets to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows the assets are expected to generate. When the estimated undiscounted future cash flows are less than their carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the difference between the assets’ fair value and their carrying value. A review of long-lived assets was conducted as of January 1, 2021 and January 3, 2020 and no impairment was identified. Amortization is computed on the straight-line basis, which is the Company’s best estimate of the economic benefits realized over the estimated useful lives of the assets which range from 3 to 20 years for patents, certain acquired rights and licenses, 10 years for customer relationships, and 3 to 10 years for developed technology.
Lease Accounting | Note 1 — Organization and Description of Business and Accounting Policies (Continued) Lease Accounting On December 29, 2018 (beginning of fiscal year 2019), the Company adopted FASB ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” and its subsequent amendments affecting the Company: (i) ASU 2018-10, “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases,” and (ii) ASU 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted improvements,” using the modified retrospective method. Upon adoption of Topic 842, the Company recognized a cumulative adjustment of $113,000 which decreased the accumulated deficit and recognized right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities for operating leases, whereby the Company’s accounting finance leases remained substantially unchanged. The Company recognizes ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases with terms greater than twelve months in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Leases are classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the Consolidated Statement of Income. A contract contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. An asset is either explicitly identified or implicitly identified and must be physically distinct. In addition, the Company must have both the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the identified asset and has the right to direct the use of the identified asset. Certain leases may have non-lease components such as common area maintenance expense for building leases and maintenance expenses for automobile leases. In general, the Company separates common area maintenance expense component from the value of the ROU asset and lease liability when evaluating rental properties under Topic 842, whereas, the Company includes the maintenance and service components in the value of the ROU asset and lease liability while evaluating automobile leases under Topic 842. When determining whether a lease is a finance lease or an operating lease, Topic 842 does not specifically define criteria to determine “major part of remaining economic life of the underlying asset” and “substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset.” For lease classification determination, the Company continues to use (i) greater than or equal to 75% to determine whether the lease term is a major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset and (ii) greater than or equal to 90% to determine whether the present value of the sum of lease payments is substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset. The Company uses either the rate implicit in the lease or its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate in lease accounting. When adopting Topic 842, the Company did not reassess any expired or existing contracts, reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases and reassess initial direct costs for exiting leases. The Company also elected not to capitalize leases that have terms of twelve months or less. The Company reviews ROU assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company measures recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying value of such assets to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows the assets are expected to generate. When the estimated undiscounted future cash flows are less than their carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the difference between the assets’ fair value and their carrying value.
Vendor Concentration | Note 1 — Organization and Description of Business and Accounting Policies (Continued) Vendor Concentration As of January 1, 2021 and January 3, 2020 there was one vendor who accounted for over 10% and 11%, respectively, of the Company’s consolidated accounts payable. There were no vendors who accounted for over 10% of the Company’s consolidated purchases for the years ended 2020 and 2019, respectively. There was one vendor who accounted for over 10% of the Company’s consolidated purchases for the year ended 2018.
Research and Development Costs | Research and Development Costs Expenditures for research activities relating to product development and improvement are charged to expense as incurred.
Advertising Costs | Advertising Costs Advertising costs, which are included in marketing and selling expenses, are expensed as incurred, and were as follows (in thousands):
|  | Years Ended |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Advertising costs |  | $ | 9,181 |  |  | $ | 10,990 |  |  | $ | 8,981 |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted major tax reform legislation, the 2017 Tax Act, which enacted a broad range of changes to the federal tax code. Key provisions that could have an impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements are the deemed repatriation of foreign earnings, the remeasurement of certain net deferred assets and other liabilities for the change in the U.S. corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent, and the elimination of the alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) which were included in the Company’s 2017 Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company applied the guidance in Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 when accounting for the enactment-date effects of the 2017 Tax Act in 2017 and throughout 2018. At December 28, 2018, the Company has completed its accounting for all the enactment-date income tax effects of the Tax Act. Beginning in 2017, the 2017 Tax Act subjects a U.S. shareholder to tax on Global Intangible Low Tax Income (“GILTI”) earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. In January 2018, the FASB released guidance (Staff Q&A Topic 740, No. 5) on the accounting for tax on the GILTI provisions of the 2017 Tax Act. In general, GILTI is the excess of a U.S. shareholder’s total net foreign income over a deemed return on tangible assets. The provision further allows a deduction of 50 percent of GILTI, however this deduction is limited by the Company’s net operating loss carryforwards. In addition, Staff Q&A Topic 740, No. 5 states that an entity can make an accounting policy election to either recognize deferred taxes for temporary basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years or to provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred as a period expense only. The Company has elected to account for GILTI as a current period expense when incurred. The Company recognizes the income tax benefit from an uncertain tax position when it is more likely than not that, based on technical merits, the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes. The amount of tax benefit recorded, if any, is limited to the extent it is not greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement with the taxing authority (that has full knowledge of all relevant information). Accrued interest, if any, related to uncertain tax positions is included as a component of income tax expense, and penalties, if incurred, are recognized as a component of operating income or loss. The Company does not have any uncertain tax positions as of any of the periods presented. The Company did not incur significant interest and penalties for any period presented. Note 1 — Organization and Description of Business and Accounting Policies (Continued) Income Taxes (Continued) The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities, net operating loss and credit carryforwards, and uncertainty in income taxes, on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis. In evaluating the Company’s ability to recover the deferred tax assets within a jurisdiction from which they arise, management considers all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. In projecting future taxable income, the Company begins with historical results and incorporates assumptions including overall current and projected business and industry conditions, the amount of future federal, state, and foreign pretax operating income, the reversal of temporary differences and the successful implementation of feasible and prudent tax-planning strategies. These assumptions require significant judgment about the forecasts of future taxable income and are consistent with the plans and estimates the Company uses to manage the underlying businesses. In evaluating the objective evidence that historical results provide, the Company also considers three years of cumulative operating results. Valuation allowances, or reductions to deferred tax assets, are recognized if, based on the weight of all the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all the deferred tax asset may not be realized. The impact on deferred taxes of changes in tax rates and laws, if any, are applied to the years during which temporary differences are expected to be settled and reflected in the financial statements in the period of enactment. The Company has made a policy election to apply the incremental cash tax savings approach when analyzing the impact GILTI could have on its U.S. valuation allowance. As a result of future expected GILTI inclusions, and because of the Tax Act’s ordering rules, U.S. companies may now expect to utilize tax attribute carryforwards (e.g., net operating losses and deferred tax assets) for which a valuation allowance has historically been recorded (this is referred to as the “tax law ordering approach”). However, due to the mechanics of the GILTI rules, companies that have a GILTI inclusion may realize a reduced (or no) cash tax savings from utilizing such tax attribute carryforwards (this view is referred to as the “incremental cash tax savings approach”). On July 23, 2020 the U.S. Treasury issued final regulations for addressing the treatment of foreign income that is subject to a high rate of foreign tax (the GILTI high-tax exclusion). The final regulations allow companies to exclude certain high-taxed income from their GILTI calculation. The GILTI high-tax exclusion applies if the effective foreign tax rate is 90% or more of the rate that would apply if the income were subject to the maximum US rate of tax specified in section 11 (currently 18.9%, based on a maximum rate of 21%). The final regulations also provide that the GILTI high-tax exclusion is an annual election made each year and is retroactive to years beginning after December 31, 2017. The Company has made the election to exclude certain high-taxed income from its GILTI calculation for fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018. The Company will continue to make the election each year to the extent it results in a tax benefit. On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was enacted and signed into law. The Company reviewed the provisions of the CARES Act, but does not expect it to have a material impact to its tax provision (also see Note 21). On December 27, 2020 the Consolidated Appropriations Act (“CAA”) was enacted and signed into law. The Company reviewed the provisions of the CAA, but does not expect it to have a material impact to its tax provision (also see Note 21).
Basic and Diluted Net Income Per Share | Basic and Diluted Net Income Per Share The Company has only one class of common stock and no participating securities which would require the two-class method of calculating basic earnings per share. Basic per share information is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding, net of unvested restricted stock, unvested restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and unvested performance stock units (“PSUs”), during the period. Diluted per share information is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding, adjusted for the effects of potentially dilutive common stock, which are comprised of outstanding warrants, stock options, unvested restricted stock, RSUs and PSUs, during the period, using the treasury-stock method (See Note 16).
Employee Defined Benefit Plans | Employee Defined Benefit Plans The Company maintains a passive pension plan (the “Swiss Plan”) covering employees of its Swiss subsidiary. The Swiss Plan conforms to the features of a defined benefit plan. The Company also maintains a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan which covers substantially all the employees of STAAR Japan. The Company recognizes the funded status, or difference between the fair value of plan assets and the projected benefit obligations of the pension plan on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with a corresponding adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). If the projected benefit obligation exceeds the fair value of plan assets, then that difference or unfunded status represents the pension liability. The Company records a net periodic pension cost in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The liabilities and annual income or expense of both plans are determined using methodologies that involve several actuarial assumptions, the most significant of which are the discount rate and the expected long-term rate of asset return (asset returns and fair-value of plan assets are applicable for the Swiss Plan only). The fair values of plan assets are determined based on prevailing market prices (see Note 11).
Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based compensation awards granted is based on the grant-date fair value. The Company recognizes these compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the option vesting term of three to four years for executive officers and employees, and one year for members of its Board of Directors (the “Board”) (see Note 12). The Company also, at times, issues restricted stock to its executive officers, employees and the Board, which are restricted and unvested common shares issued at fair market value on the date of grant. For the restricted shares issued to the Board, the restricted stock vests over a one-year service period, for executive officers and employees, it is typically a three-year service period, and are subject to forfeiture (or acceleration, depending upon the circumstances) until vested or the service period is completed. Restricted stock compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of one to three years, based on the grant-date fair value of the stock. Restricted stock is considered legally issued and outstanding on the grant date (see Notes 12 and 16). The Company issues RSUs and PSUs (see Note 12), which can have only a service condition or a performance contingent restricted stock award based upon the Company meeting certain internally established performance conditions that vest only if those conditions are met or exceeded and the grantee is still employed with the Company. RSU and PSU compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The Company recognizes compensation cost for the performance condition RSUs and PSUs when the Company concludes that it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved, net of an estimate of pre-vesting forfeitures, over the requisite service period based on the grant-date fair value of the stock. The Company reassesses the probability of vesting at each reporting period and adjusts compensation cost based on its probability assessment. Once the RSUs and PSUs are vested, equivalent common shares will be issued or issuable to the grantee and therefore the RSUs and PSUs are not included in total common shares issued and outstanding until vested (see Notes 12 and 16). On December 29, 2018 (beginning of fiscal year 2019), the Company adopted ASU 2018-07, “Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting,” aligns the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees similar to employees. Upon the adoption of ASU 2018-07, the Company recognized a cumulative adjustment of $315,000 which decreased the accumulated deficit.
Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Comprehensive Income (Loss) The Company presents comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). Total comprehensive income (loss) includes, in addition to the net income, changes in equity that are excluded from the Consolidated Statements of Income and are recorded directly into a separate section of stockholders’ equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table summarizes the changes in the accumulated balances for each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the Company for the years ended January 1, 2021, January 3, 2020 and December 28, 2018 (in thousands):
|  | Foreign Currency Translation |  |  | Defined Benefit Pension Plan – Japan |  |  | Defined Benefit Pension Plan – Switzerland |  |  | Accumulated Other Com- prehensive Income (Loss) |
Balance, at December 29, 2017 |  | $ | 278 |  |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | (1,516 | ) |  | $ | (1,150 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 242 |  |  |  | (107 | ) |  |  | (290 | ) |  |  | (155 | )
Tax effect |  |  | (74 | ) |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | (15 | )
Balance, at December 28, 2018 |  |  | 446 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | (1,776 | ) |  |  | (1,320 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 291 |  |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | (2,192 | ) |  |  | (1,867 | )
Tax effect |  |  | (86 | ) |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 231 |  |  |  | 139 |
Balance, at January 3, 2020 |  |  | 651 |  |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | (3,737 | ) |  |  | (3,048 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 717 |  |  |  | (33 | ) |  |  | (3,323 | ) |  |  | (2,639 | )
Tax effect |  |  | (217 | ) |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 349 |  |  |  | 142 |
Balance, at January 1, 2021 |  | $ | 1,151 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | (6,711 | ) |  | $ | (5,545 | )
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements | Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements and Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted On January 4, 2020 (beginning of fiscal year 2020), the Company adopted ASU 2016‑13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which (i) significantly changes the impairment model for most financial assets that are measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments from an incurred loss model to an expected loss model; and (ii) provides for recording credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities through an allowance account. ASU 2016-13 also requires certain incremental disclosures. Subsequently, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, ASU 2019-04, ASU 2019-05, ASU 2020-02 and ASU 2020-03 to clarify and improve ASU 2016-13. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements. On January 4, 2020 (beginning of fiscal year 2020), the Company adopted ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement,” which modifies certain disclosures requirements for reporting fair value measurements. The adoption of ASU 2018-13 did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements. On January 4, 2020 (beginning of fiscal year 2020), the Company adopted ASU 2018-14, “Compensation – Retirement Benefits – Defined Benefit Plans – General (Subtopic 715-20); Disclosure Framework – Changes in the Disclosure Requirement for Defined Benefit Plans,” which modifies disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other post retirement plans. The adoption of ASU 2018-14 did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements. Note 1 — Organization and Description of Business and Accounting Policies (Continued) Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements and Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted (Continued) In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” ASU 2019-12 removes the following exceptions: exception to the incremental approach for intraperiod tax allocation; exception to accounting for basis differences when there are ownership changes in foreign investments; and exception to interim period tax accounting for year to date losses that exceed anticipated losses. ASU 2019-12 also improves financial reporting for franchise taxes that are partially based on income; transactions with a government that result in a step up in the tax basis of goodwill; separate financial statements of legal entities that are not subject to tax; and enacted changes in tax laws in interim periods. ASU 2019-12 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt this standard as of January 2, 2021 (beginning of fiscal year 2021) and is not expected to have a material impact on Consolidated Financial Statements.

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