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Organization and Description of Business and Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 30, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Organization and Description of Business and Accounting Policies | Note 1 — Organization and Description of Business and Accounting Policies Organization and Description of Business STAAR Surgical Company and subsidiaries (the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, was first incorporated in 1982 for the purpose of developing, producing, and marketing implantable lenses for the eye and delivery systems used to deliver the lenses into the eye. Principal products are implantable Collamer lenses (“ICLs”), and the Company also sells intraocular lenses (“IOLs”). ICLs, consisting of the Company’s ICL family of products, including the Toric implantable Collamer lenses (“TICL”) and EVO+ Visian ICL, are intraocular lenses used to correct refractive conditions such as myopia (near-sightedness), hyperopia (far-sightedness), astigmatism, and presbyopia. IOLs are prosthetic intraocular lenses used to restore vision that has been adversely affected by cataracts and include the Company’s lines of silicone IOLs and the Preloaded Injector (a silicone or acrylic IOL preloaded into a single-use disposable injector). As of December 30, 2022, the Company’s significant subsidiaries consisted of:
| • | STAAR Surgical AG, a wholly owned subsidiary formed in Switzerland that markets and distributes ICLs and Preloaded IOLs.
| • | STAAR Japan, a wholly owned subsidiary that markets and distributes ICLs and Preloaded IOLs.
The Company operates as one operating segment, the ophthalmic surgical market, for financial reporting purposes (see Note 17). Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of STAAR Surgical Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain amounts in previously issued financial statements related to income taxes have been reclassified to conform to fiscal 2022 presentation (see Note 10). Fiscal Year and Interim Reporting Periods The Company’s fiscal year ends on the Friday nearest December 31 and each of the Company’s quarterly reporting periods generally consists of 13 weeks. Fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020 are based on a 52-week period. Foreign Currency The functional currency of STAAR Japan is the Japanese yen. The functional currency of STAAR Surgical AG is the U.S. dollar. Assets and liabilities of STAAR Japan are translated at rates of exchange in effect at the close of the period. Sales and expenses are translated at the weighted average of exchange rates in effect during the period. Net foreign translation gain (loss) was as follows (in thousands):
|  | Years Ended |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)(1) |  | $ | (2,090 | ) |  | $ | (1,776 | ) |  | $ | 717 |
Gain (loss) on foreign currency transactions(2) |  |  | (1,707 | ) |  |  | (2,964 | ) |  |  | 864 |
(1) | Shown as a separate line item on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).
(2) | Shown as a separate line item on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash and balances in deposits and money market accounts held at banks and financial institutions with maturities of three months or less. Such balances generally exceed the federal insurance limits; however, the Company periodically assesses the financial condition of the institutions and believes that the risk of any loss is minimal. Note 1 — Organization and Description of Business and Accounting Policies (Continued) Use of Estimates The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with GAAP and, as such, include amounts based on significant estimates and judgments of management with consideration given to materiality. Significant estimates used include determining valuation allowances for uncollectible trade receivables, sales returns reserves, obsolete and excess inventory reserves, deferred income taxes, and tax reserves, including valuation allowances for deferred tax assets, pension liabilities, evaluation of asset impairment, in determining the useful life of depreciable and definite-lived intangible assets, and in the variables and assumptions used to calculate and record stock-based compensation. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue when its contractual performance obligations with customers are satisfied. The Company’s performance obligations are generally limited to single sales orders with product shipping to the customer within a month of receipt of the sales order. Substantially all of the Company’s revenues are recognized at a point-in-time when control of its products transfers to the customer, which is typically upon shipment (as discussed below). Payment for product sales is collected within a short period following transfer of control of product. The Company presents sales tax and similar taxes it collects from its customers on a net basis (excluded from revenues). The Company sells certain injector parts to an unrelated customer and supplier (collectively referred to as “supplier”) whereby these injector part sales are either made as a final sale to the supplier or, are sold to be combined with an acrylic cataract IOL by the supplier into finished goods inventory (a preloaded acrylic cataract IOL). These finished goods are then sold back to the Company at an agreed upon, contractual price. The Company makes a profit margin on either type of sale with the supplier and each type of sale is made under separate purchase and sales orders between the two parties resulting in cash settlement for the orders sold or repurchased. For parts that are sold as a final sale, the Company recognizes a sale and those sales are classified as other product sales in total net sales. For the injector parts that are sold to be combined with an acrylic cataract IOL into finished goods, the Company records the transaction at its carrying value deferring any profit margin as contra-inventory, until the finished goods inventory is sold to an end-customer (not the supplier) at which point the Company recognizes revenues. For all sales, the Company is considered the principal in the transaction as the Company is the party providing specified goods it has control over prior to when control is transferred to the customer. Cost of sales includes cost of production, freight and distribution, and inventory provisions, net of any purchase discounts. Shipping and handling activities that occur after the customer obtains control of the goods are recognized as fulfillment costs. The Company disaggregates its revenue into the following categories: non-consignment sales and consignment sales.
| • | Non-consignment Sales – The Company recognizes revenue from non-consignment product sales at a point-in-time when control has been transferred, which is typically at shipping point, except for certain customers and for STAAR Japan, which is typically recognized when the customer receives the product. The Company does not have significant deferred revenues as of December 30, 2022, December 31, 2021 and January 1, 2021, as delivery to the customer is generally made within the same or the next day of shipment.
| • | Consignment Sales – The Company’s products are marketed to ophthalmic surgeons, hospitals, ambulatory surgery centers or vision centers, and distributors. Cataract IOLs and ICLs may be offered to surgeons and hospitals on a consignment basis. The Company maintains title and risk of loss on consigned inventory and recognizes revenue for consignment inventory at a point-in-time when the Company is notified that the lenses have been implanted, thus completing the performance obligation.
See Note 17 for additional information on disaggregation of revenues, geographic sales information and product sales. Note 1 — Organization and Description of Business and Accounting Policies (Continued) Revenue Recognition (Continued) The Company also enters into certain strategic cooperation agreements with customers in which, as consideration for certain commitments made by the customer, including minimum purchase commitments, the Company agrees, among other things, to pay for marketing, educational training and general support of the Company’s products. The provisions in these arrangements allow for these payments to be made directly to the customer or payments can be made directly to a third party for distinct marketing, educational training and general support services provided to or on behalf of the customer by the third party. For payments the Company makes to another party, or reimburses the customer for distinct marketing and support services, the Company recognizes these payments as sales and marketing expense as incurred. These strategic cooperation agreements are generally for periods of 12 months or more with quarterly minimum purchase commitments. The Company recognizes sales and marketing expenses in the period in which it expects the customer will achieve its minimum purchase commitment, generally quarterly, and any unpaid amounts are recorded in other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, see Note 8. Reimbursements made directly to the customer for general marketing incentives are treated as a reduction in revenues. The Company’s performance obligations generally occur in the same quarter as the shipment of product. Sales and marketing expenses for distinct services were as follows (in thousands):
|  | Years Ended |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Marketing and support services related to strategic cooperation agreements |  | $ | 1,662 |  |  | $ | 714 |  |  | $ | 655 |
Since the payments for distinct or non-distinct services occur within the quarter corresponding with the purchases made by the customer and the shipments made by the Company to that customer, there is no remaining performance obligation by the Company to the customer. Accordingly, there are no deferred revenues associated with these types of arrangements as of December 30, 2022, December 31, 2021 and January 1, 2021. Allowance for Credit Losses The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and adjusts credit limits based on customer payment history and credit worthiness, as determined by the Company’s review of its customers’ current credit information. The Company continuously monitors collections and payments from customers and maintains a provision for estimated credit losses and uncollectible accounts based upon an expected loss model which considers its historical experience, any specific customer collection issues that have been identified and other relevant observable data, including current economic conditions. Amounts determined to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for credit losses. Concentration of Credit Risk and Sales Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk principally consist of trade receivables. This risk is limited due to the large number of customers comprising the Company’s customer base, and their geographic dispersion. As of December 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there was one customer who accounted for 59% and 47% of the Company’s consolidated trade receivables, respectively. Ongoing credit evaluations of customers’ financial condition are performed and, generally, no collateral is required. The Company maintains reserves for potential credit losses and such losses, taken together, have not exceeded management’s expectations. There was one customer who accounted for 52%, 47% and 44% of the Company’s consolidated net sales for the years ended 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Note 1 — Organization and Description of Business and Accounting Policies (Continued) Sales Return Reserve The Company generally may permit returns of product if the product, upon issuance of a Return Goods Authorization, is returned within the time allowed by its return policies and records an allowance for estimated returns at the time revenue is recognized. The Company’s allowance for estimated returns is based on an expected loss model which considers historical and current/anticipated trends and experience, the impact of new product launches, the entry of a competitor, availability of timely and pertinent information and the various terms and arrangements offered, including sales with extended credit terms. For estimated returns, sales are reported net of estimated returns and cost of sales are reported net of estimated returns that can be resold. On the Consolidated Balance Sheets, the balances associated for estimated sales returns were as follows (in thousands):
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Estimated returns - inventory(1) |  | $ | 888 |  |  | $ | 814 |
Allowance for sales returns |  |  | 5,706 |  |  |  | 4,816 |
(1) | Recognized in inventories, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets
Investments Available for Sale Investments available for sale (“AFS”) are investments in debt securities for which the Company does not have the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity. The Company’s investment policy primary objective is capital preservation while maximizing its return on investment. Investments may include U.S. government and corporate debt securities, commercial paper, certain certificates of deposit and related security types, that are rated by two nationally recognized statistical rating organizations with minimum investment grade ratings of AAA to A-/A-1+ to A-2, or the equivalent. The maturity of individual investments may not extend 24 months from the date of purchase. There are also limits to the amount of credit exposure in any given security type. Investments AFS with maturities of twelve months or less, are classified as short-term, otherwise, they are classified as long-term. Accrued interest receivable is recognized in current investments AFS on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Investments AFS are measured at fair value and its unrealized gains and losses reported net of the allowance for credit losses and applicable income taxes, are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The cost of investments AFS is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Interest earned, including amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts recognized, is included in interest income (expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The cost of investments for purposes of computing realized and unrealized gains and losses is based on the specific identification method. The Company recognizes impairment of a debt security for which there has been a decline in fair value below amortized cost if management intends to sell the security, or it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. The of impairment related to credit losses is recognized in other income (expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Any portion of impairment not related to credit losses is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The measurement of the credit loss component is equal to the difference between the debt security’s amortized cost basis and the present value of its expected future cash flows discounted at the security’s effective yield. Note 1 — Organization and Description of Business and Accounting Policies (Continued) Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. To increase the comparability of fair value measures, the following hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation methodologies used to measure fair value:
| • | Level 1 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
| • | Level 2 – Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments.
| • | Level 3 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable; that reflect management’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would make and significant to the fair value.
The carrying values reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets for cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, net, prepayments, deposits and other current assets, accounts payable and other current liabilities approximate their fair values because of the short maturity of these instruments. Inventories, Net Inventories, net are valued at the lower of cost, determined on a first-in, first-out basis, or net realizable value. Inventories include the costs of raw material, labor, and manufacturing overhead, work in process and finished goods. Inventories also include as a contra item, deferred margins for certain injector parts described under the revenue recognition policy. The Company provides estimated inventory allowances for excess, expiring, slow moving and obsolete inventory as well as inventory whose carrying value is in excess of net realizable value to properly reflect inventory at the lower of cost or market. Property, Plant, and Equipment Property, plant, and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation on property, plant, and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as noted below. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the related expected lease term. Major improvements are capitalized and minor replacements, maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Also included in property, plant and equipment is construction in process. Construction in process includes the cost of design plans and build out of facilities and the cost of equipment, as well as the direct costs incurred in the testing and validation of machinery and equipment and facilities before they are ready for productive use. Upon placement in service, costs are reclassified into the appropriate asset category and depreciation commences. The estimated useful lives of assets are as follows:
Machinery and equipment |  | 5-10 years
Computer equipment and software |  | 2-5 years
Furniture and equipment |  | 3-7 years
Leasehold improvements |  | The shorter of the useful life of the asset or the expected term of the associated lease
Note 1 — Organization and Description of Business and Accounting Policies (Continued) Goodwill Goodwill, which has an indefinite life, is not amortized but instead is tested for impairment on an annual basis or between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. Impairment testing for goodwill is done at the reporting unit level. Reporting units can be one level below the operating segment level, and can be combined when reporting units within the same operating segment have similar economic characteristics. The Company has determined that its reporting units have similar economic characteristics, and therefore, can be combined into one reporting unit for the purposes of goodwill impairment testing. The Company performed its annual impairment test and determined that its goodwill was not impaired. As of December 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the carrying value of goodwill was $1,786,000. Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews property, plant, and equipment and intangible assets, excluding goodwill, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company measures recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying value of such assets to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows the assets are expected to generate. When the estimated undiscounted future cash flows are less than their carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the difference between the assets’ fair value and their carrying value. A review of long-lived assets was conducted as of December 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and no impairment was identified. Amortization is computed on the straight-line basis, which is the Company’s best estimate of the economic benefits realized over the estimated useful lives of the assets which range from 3 to 20 years for patents, certain acquired rights and licenses, 10 years for customer relationships, and 3 to 10 years for developed technology. Lease Accounting The Company recognizes right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities for leases with terms greater than twelve months on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Leases are classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the Consolidated Statements of Income. A contract contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. An asset is either explicitly identified or implicitly identified and must be physically distinct. In addition, the Company must have both the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the identified asset and has the right to direct the use of the identified asset. Certain leases may have non-lease components such as common area maintenance expense for building leases and maintenance expenses for automobile leases. In general, the Company separates common area maintenance expense component from the value of the ROU asset and lease liability when evaluating rental properties, whereas, the Company includes the maintenance and service components in the value of the ROU asset and lease liability while evaluating automobile leases. When determining whether a lease is a finance lease or operating lease, the Company uses (i) greater than or equal to 75% to determine whether the lease term is a major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset and (ii) greater than or equal to 90% to determine whether the present value of the sum of lease payments is substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset. The Company uses either the rate implicit in the lease or its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate in lease accounting. The Company also elected not to capitalize leases that have terms of twelve months or less. The Company reviews ROU assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company measures recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying value of such assets to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows the assets are expected to generate. When the estimated undiscounted future cash flows are less than their carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the difference between the assets’ fair value and their carrying value. Note 1 — Organization and Description of Business and Accounting Policies (Continued) Vendor Concentration As of December 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 there were no vendors who accounted for over 10% of the Company’s consolidated accounts payable. There were no vendors who accounted for over 10% of the Company’s consolidated purchases for the years ended 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Research and Development Costs Expenditures for research activities relating to product development and improvement are charged to expense as incurred. Advertising Costs Advertising costs, which are included in marketing and selling expenses, are expensed as incurred, and were as follows (in thousands):
|  | Years Ended |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Advertising costs |  | $ | 37,918 |  |  | $ | 21,989 |  |  | $ | 11,081 |
Income Taxes The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities, net operating loss and credit carryforwards, and uncertainty in income taxes, on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis. In evaluating the Company’s ability to recover the deferred tax assets within a jurisdiction from which they arise, management considers all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. In projecting future taxable income, the Company begins with historical results and incorporates assumptions including overall current and projected business and industry conditions, the amount of future federal, state, and foreign pretax operating income, the reversal of temporary differences and the successful implementation of feasible and prudent tax-planning strategies. These assumptions require significant judgment about the forecasts of future taxable income and are consistent with the plans and estimates the Company uses to manage the underlying businesses. In evaluating the objective evidence that historical results provide, the Company also considers three years of cumulative operating results. Valuation allowances, or reductions to deferred tax assets, are recognized if, based on the weight of all the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all the deferred tax asset may not be realized. The impact on deferred taxes of changes in tax rates and laws, if any, are applied to the years during which temporary differences are expected to be settled and reflected in the financial statements in the period of enactment. The Company has made a policy election to apply the incremental cash tax savings approach when analyzing the impact Global Intangible Low Tax Income (“GILTI”) could have on its U.S. valuation allowance. As a result of future expected GILTI inclusions, and because of the 2017 Tax Act’s ordering rules, U.S. companies may now expect to utilize tax attribute carryforwards (e.g., net operating losses and deferred tax assets) for which a valuation allowance has historically been recorded (this is referred to as the “tax law ordering approach”). However, due to the mechanics of the GILTI rules, companies that have a GILTI inclusion may realize a reduced (or no) cash tax savings from utilizing such tax attribute carryforwards (this view is referred to as the “incremental cash tax savings approach”). Note 1 — Organization and Description of Business and Accounting Policies (Continued) Income Taxes (Continued) The Company recognizes the income tax benefit from an uncertain tax position when it is more likely than not that, based on technical merits, the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes. The amount of tax benefit recorded, if any, is limited to the extent it is not greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement with the taxing authority (that has full knowledge of all relevant information). Accrued interest, if any, related to uncertain tax positions is included as a component of income tax expense, and penalties, if incurred, are recognized as a component of operating income or loss. The Company does not have any uncertain tax positions as of any of the periods presented. On January 2, 2021 (beginning of fiscal year 2021), the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes,” which removes the following exceptions: exception to the incremental approach for intraperiod tax allocation; exception to accounting for basis differences when there are ownership changes in foreign investments; and exception to interim period tax accounting for year-to-date losses that exceed anticipated losses. ASU 2019-12 also improves financial reporting for franchise taxes that are partially based on income; transactions with a government that result in a step up in the tax basis of goodwill; separate financial statements of legal entities that are not subject to tax; and enacted changes in tax laws in interim periods. The Company’s adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have material impact on Consolidated Financial Statements. Basic and Diluted Net Income Per Share The Company has only one class of common stock and no participating securities which would require the two-class method of calculating basic earnings per share. Basic per share information is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding, net of unvested restricted stock, unvested restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and unvested performance stock units (“PSUs”), during the period. Diluted per share information is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding, adjusted for the effects of potentially dilutive common stock, which are comprised of outstanding warrants, stock options, unvested restricted stock, RSUs and PSUs, during the period, using the treasury-stock method. Employee Defined Benefit Plans The Company maintains a passive pension plan (the “Swiss Plan”) covering employees of STAAR Surgical AG. The Swiss Plan conforms to the features of a defined benefit plan. The Company also maintains a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan which covers substantially all the employees of STAAR Japan. The Company recognizes the funded status, or difference between the fair value of plan assets and the projected benefit obligations of the pension plan on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with a corresponding adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). If the projected benefit obligation exceeds the fair value of plan assets, then that difference or unfunded status represents the pension liability. The Company records a net periodic pension cost in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The liabilities and annual income or expense of both plans are determined using methodologies that involve several actuarial assumptions, the most significant of which are the discount rate and the expected long-term rate of asset return (asset returns and fair-value of plan assets are applicable for the Swiss Plan only). The fair values of plan assets are determined based on prevailing market prices. Note 1 — Organization and Description of Business and Accounting Policies (Continued) Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based compensation awards granted is based on the grant-date fair value. The Company recognizes these compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the option vesting term of three to four years for executive officers and employees, and one year for members of its Board of Directors (the “Board”). The Company also, at times, issues restricted stock to its executive officers, employees and the Board, which are restricted and unvested common shares issued at fair market value on the date of grant. For the restricted shares issued to the Board, the restricted stock vests over a one-year service period, for executive officers and employees, it is typically a three-year service period, and are subject to forfeiture (or acceleration, depending upon the circumstances) until vested or the service period is completed. Restricted stock compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of one to three years, based on the grant-date fair value of the stock. Restricted stock is considered legally issued and outstanding on the grant date. The Company issues RSUs and PSUs, which can have only a service condition or a performance contingent restricted stock award based upon the Company meeting certain internally established performance conditions that vest only if those conditions are met or exceeded and the grantee is still employed with the Company. RSU and PSU compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The Company recognizes compensation cost for the performance condition RSUs and PSUs when the Company concludes that it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved, net of an estimate of pre-vesting forfeitures, over the requisite service period based on the grant-date fair value of the stock. The Company reassesses the probability of vesting at each reporting period and adjusts compensation cost based on its probability assessment. Once the RSUs and PSUs are vested, equivalent common shares will be issued or issuable to the grantee and therefore the RSUs and PSUs are not included in total common shares issued and outstanding until vested. Comprehensive Income (Loss) The Company presents comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). Total comprehensive income (loss) includes, in addition to the net income, changes in equity that are excluded from the Consolidated Statements of Income and are recorded directly into a separate section of stockholders’ equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table summarizes the changes in the accumulated balances for each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the Company for the years ended December 30, 2022, December 31, 2021 and January 1, 2021 (in thousands):
|  | Foreign Currency Translation |  |  | Investments Available for Sale |  |  | Defined Benefit Pension Plan – Japan |  |  | Defined Benefit Pension Plan – Switzerland |  |  | Accumulated Other Com- prehensive Income (Loss) |
Balance, at January 3, 2020 |  | $ | 651 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | (3,737 | ) |  | $ | (3,048 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 717 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (33 | ) |  |  | (3,323 | ) |  |  | (2,639 | )
Tax effect |  |  | (217 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 349 |  |  |  | 142 |
Balance, at January 1, 2021 |  |  | 1,151 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | (6,711 | ) |  |  | (5,545 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | (1,776 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 254 |  |  |  | 2,865 |  |  |  | 1,343 |
Tax effect |  |  | 537 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (77 | ) |  |  | (306 | ) |  |  | 154 |
Balance, at December 31, 2021 |  |  | (88 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 192 |  |  |  | (4,152 | ) |  |  | (4,048 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | (2,090 | ) |  |  | (406 | ) |  |  | (11 | ) |  |  | 6,707 |  |  |  | 4,200 |
Tax effect |  |  | 631 |  |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | (700 | ) |  |  | 4 |
Balance, at December 30, 2022 |  | $ | (1,547 | ) |  | $ | (336 | ) |  | $ | 184 |  |  | $ | 1,855 |  |  | $ | 156 |

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