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Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (a) Business Benchmark Electronics, Inc. (the Company) is a Texas corporation that provides innovative product design, engineering services, technology solutions and advanced manufacturing services. From initial product concept to volume production, including direct order fulfillment and aftermarket services, the Company has been providing integrated services and solutions to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) since 1979. The Company serves the following industries: aerospace and defense (A&D), medical technologies, complex industrials, semiconductor capital equipment (semi-cap), next-generation telecommunications and high-end computing. The Company has manufacturing operations located in the United States and Mexico (the Americas), Asia and Europe. (b) Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP) and include the financial statements of Benchmark Electronics, Inc. and its wholly owned and majority owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. For comparative purposes and based on ongoing evaluation of personnel roles involved in the production process, prior year expenses associated with certain personnel have been reclassified from selling, general and administrative expenses to cost of goods sold to conform to the current year presentation. (c) Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments with an original maturity at the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents of $131.7 million and $154.4 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, consisted primarily of money-market funds and time deposits with an initial term of less than three months. Restricted cash represents cash received from customers to settle invoices sold under accounts receivable purchase agreements that is contractually required to be set aside until the cash is remitted to the purchaser. (d) Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Accounts receivable are recorded net of allowances for amounts not expected to be collected. In estimating the allowance, management considers a specific customer’s financial condition, payment history, current conditions, and various information or disclosures by the customer or other publicly available information. Accounts receivable are charged against the allowance after all reasonable efforts to collect the full amount (including litigation, where appropriate) have been exhausted. During 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded $2.2 million, $8.6 million and $1.7 million in charges for a provision to accounts receivable, net of recoveries. The following table summarizes the activity in the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts during 2020, 2019 and 2018:
|  | Balance at |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Balance at |
|  | Beginning |  |  | Charges to |  |  |  |  |  |  | End of |
(in thousands) |  | of Period |  |  | Operations |  |  | Deductions |  |  | Period |
Year ended December 31, 2020: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for doubtful accounts(1) |  | $ | 10,085 |  |  |  | 2,160 |  |  |  | (10,874 | ) |  | $ | 1,371 |
Year ended December 31, 2019: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for doubtful accounts(1) |  | $ | 1,733 |  |  |  | 10,323 |  |  |  | (1,971 | ) |  | $ | 10,085 |
Year ended December 31, 2018: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for doubtful accounts(1) |  | $ | 105 |  |  |  | 1,718 |  |  |  | (90 | ) |  | $ | 1,733 |
(1) | Deductions in the allowance for doubtful accounts represent write-offs, net of recoveries, of amounts determined to be uncollectible.
(e) Inventories Inventories include material, labor and overhead and are stated at the lower of cost (principally first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value. (f) Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method over the useful lives of the assets – 5 to 40 years for buildings and building improvements, 2 to 15 years for machinery and equipment, 2 to 12 years for furniture and fixtures and 2 to 8 years for vehicles. Leasehold improvements are amortized on the straight-line method over the shorter of the useful life of the improvement or the remainder of the lease term. (g) Leases The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) on its effective date of January 1, 2019 using the effective date as its date of initial application under the modified retrospective approach. Therefore, financial information for prior periods were not restated. Management elected the package of practical expedients in transition for leases that commenced prior to January 1, 2019, which permits the Company to carry forward its original assessment about lease identification, lease classification and initial directs costs. For all new and modified leases after adoption, management elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all of the Company’s leases that qualify, in addition to the practical expedient to not separate lease and nonlease components. Lease assets and liabilities are initially recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term calculated using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate, unless the implicit rate is readily determinable. Our incremental borrowing rate represents the rate of interest that we would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term in a similar economic environment. Lease assets also include any upfront lease payments made and exclude lease incentives. Lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that those options will be exercised. Leases are classified as finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern and classification of expense recognition in the consolidated statements of income. See Note 7. (h) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but instead assessed for impairment at least annually. Intangible assets, including those acquired in a business combination, with estimable useful lives are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values. (i) Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Goodwill Long-lived assets, such as property, plant, and equipment, and purchased intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is evaluated by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of would be separately disclosed and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or estimated fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a disposed group classified as held for sale would be disclosed separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the consolidated balance sheets. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis, during the fourth quarter, and whenever events and changes in circumstances suggest that the carrying amount may be impaired. Circumstances that may lead to the impairment of goodwill include unforeseen decreases in future performance or industry demand or the restructuring of our operations as a result of a change in our business strategy. A qualitative assessment is allowed to determine if goodwill is potentially impaired. Based on this qualitative assessment, if the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying value, then it performs a quantitative assessment, otherwise no further analysis is required. In connection with its annual qualitative goodwill impairment assessments as of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company concluded that goodwill was not impaired. (j) Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares outstanding adjusted for the incremental shares attributed to outstanding stock equivalents. Stock equivalents include common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and other equity instruments and are computed using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, the exercise price of a share and the amount of compensation cost, if any, for future service that the Company has not yet recognized are assumed to be used to repurchase shares in the current period. The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share.
|  | Year Ended December 31, |
(in thousands, except per share data) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Net income |  | $ | 14,055 |  |  | $ | 23,425 |  |  | $ | 22,817 |
Denominator for basic earnings per share – weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period |  |  | 36,524 |  |  |  | 38,338 |  |  |  | 46,332 |
Incremental common shares attributable to exercise of dilutive options |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 90 |  |  |  | 104 |
Incremental common shares attributable to outstanding restricted stock units |  |  | 257 |  |  |  | 335 |  |  |  | 219 |
Denominator for diluted earnings per share |  |  | 36,817 |  |  |  | 38,763 |  |  |  | 46,655 |
Basic earnings per share |  | $ | 0.38 |  |  | $ | 0.61 |  |  | $ | 0.49 |
Diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 0.38 |  |  | $ | 0.60 |  |  | $ | 0.49 |
Potentially dilutive securities totaling less than 0.1 million common shares in both 2020 and 2019, and 0.1 million common shares in 2018, were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. (k) Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue as the customer takes control of the manufactured products built to customer specifications. Under the majority of the Company’s manufacturing contracts with customers, the customer controls all of the work-in-progress as products are being built. Revenues under these contracts are recognized over time based on the cost-to-cost method. Under other manufacturing contracts, the customer does not take control of the product until it is completed. Under these contracts, the Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of product to the customer, which is generally when the goods are shipped. Revenue from design, development and engineering services is recognized over time as the services are performed. The Company’s performance obligations generally have an expected duration of one year or less. The Company applies the practical expedient related to short-term performance obligations and does not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of one year or less or any significant financing components in the contracts. The Company recognizes the incremental costs, if any, of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred since the amortization period of the assets that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year less. (l) Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets to the amounts that are more likely than not to be realized. The Company has considered the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in assessing the need for the valuation allowance. (m) Stock-Based Compensation All share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options (which have not been awarded since 2015), are recognized in the consolidated financial statements based on their grant date fair values. The total compensation cost recognized for stock-based awards was $10.4 million, $10.2 million and $10.1 million for 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The future tax benefit of these stock-based awards as of the grant date was $2.4 million for each of 2020, 2019 and 2018. The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Awards of restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units are valued at the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. For performance-based restricted stock units, compensation expense is based on the probability that the performance goals will be achieved, which is monitored by management throughout the requisite service period. When it becomes probable, based on the Company’s expectation of performance during the measurement period, that more or less than the previous estimate of the awarded shares will vest, an adjustment to stock-based compensation expense is recognized as a change in accounting estimate. As of December 31, 2020, the unrecognized compensation cost and remaining weighted-average amortization period related to stock-based awards were as follows:
(in thousands) |  | Restricted Stock Units |  |  | Performance- based Restricted Stock Units (1) |
Unrecognized compensation cost |  | $ | 19,616 |  |  | $ | 3,335 |
Remaining weighted-average amortization period |  | 2.5 years |  |  | 2.2 years |
(1) | Based on the probable achievement of the performance goals identified in each award.
The total cash received as a result of stock option exercises in 2020, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $1.0 million, $1.6 million and $3.6 million, respectively. The actual tax benefit realized as a result of stock option exercises and the vesting of other share-based awards during 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $2.1 million, $2.3 million and $2.5 million, respectively. For 2020, 2019 and 2018, the total intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $0.5 million, $0.7 million and $2.3 million, respectively. The Company awarded performance-based restricted stock units to employees during 2020, 2019 and 2018. The number of performance-based restricted stock units that will ultimately be earned will not be determined until the end of the corresponding performance periods, and may vary from as low as zero to as high as 2.5 times the target number depending on the level of achievement of certain performance goals. The level of achievement of these goals is based upon the financial results of the Company for the last full calendar year within the performance period. The performance goals consist of certain levels of achievement using the following financial metrics: revenue, operating income margin, and return on invested capital. If the performance goals are not met based on the Company’s financial results, the applicable performance-based restricted stock units will not vest and will be forfeited. Shares subject to forfeited performance-based restricted stock units will be available for issuance under the Company’s 2019 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the 2019 Plan). (n) Use of Estimates Management of the Company has made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities to prepare these financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP with consideration given to the potential impacts of COVID-19. However, actual results could differ materially from these estimates and be significantly affected by the severity and duration of the pandemic, the extent of actions to contain or treat COVID-19, how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating activity can resume, and the severity and duration of the global economic downturn that results from the pandemic. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates these estimates, including those related to accounts receivable, inventories, income taxes, long-lived assets, leases, goodwill, stock-based compensation and contingencies and litigation. Actual results could differ from those estimates. (o) Fair Values of Financial Instruments Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. A three-tier fair value hierarchy of inputs is employed to determine fair value measurements.
| • | Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
| • | Level 2 inputs are observable prices that are not quoted on active exchanges, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.
| • | Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs employed for measuring the fair value of assets or liabilities.
This hierarchy requires the Company to use observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. The Company’s financial instruments include cash equivalents, accounts and other receivables, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and long-term debt and financing lease obligations. The Company believes that the carrying values of these instruments approximate their fair value. As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s derivative instruments were recorded at fair value using Level 3 inputs. See Note 11. (p) Foreign Currency For foreign subsidiaries using the local currency as their functional currency, assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and income and expenses are translated at average exchange rates. The effects of these translation adjustments are reported in other comprehensive income. Exchange losses arising from transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity involved are included in other expense and totaled approximately $1.8 million, $1.7 million and $1.0 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. These amounts include the amount of gain (loss) recognized in income due to forward currency exchange contracts. (q) Derivative Instruments All derivative instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. The Company uses derivative instruments to manage the variability of foreign currency obligations and interest rates. The Company does not enter into derivative arrangements for speculative purposes. Generally, if a derivative instrument is designated as a cash flow hedge, the change in the fair value of the derivative is recorded in other comprehensive income to the extent the derivative is effective and recognized in the consolidated statements of income when the hedged item affects earnings. Changes in fair value of derivatives that are not designated as hedges are recorded in earnings. Cash receipts and cash payments related to derivative instruments are recorded in the same category as the cash flows from the items being hedged on the consolidated statements of cash flows. (r) New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2020 In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which replaces the current incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. This update is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted this update effective January 1, 2020 and the implementation of this update did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Not Yet Adopted The Company has determined that other recently issued accounting standards will either have no material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows, or will not apply to its operations.

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