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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☑ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________________ to________________

Commission File Number: 1-10560

BENCHMARK ELECTRONICS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Texas |  | 74-2211011
(State or other jurisdiction |  | (I.R.S. Employer
of incorporation or organization) |  | Identification No.)
56 South Rockford Drive |  | 85288
Tempe, Arizona |  | (Zip Code)
(Address of principal executive offices) |  |

(623) 300-7000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.10 per share |  | BHE |  | The New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☑ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☑

As of October 30, 2023, there were 35,681,851 shares of co mmon stock of Benchmark Electronics, Inc., par value $0.10 per share, outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 5
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 6
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 22
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 31
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 31
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 33
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 33
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 33
Item 5. | Other Information |
Item 6. | Exhibits | 34
SIGNATURES | 35

PART I - FINANCI AL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financi al Statements.

BENCHMARK ELECTRONICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolida ted Balance Sheets

(unaudited)

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
(in thousands, except par value) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 259,542 |  |  | $ | 207,430 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 1,218 |  |  |  | — |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $960 and $514, respectively |  |  | 477,685 |  |  |  | 491,957 |
Contract assets |  |  | 190,085 |  |  |  | 183,613 |
Inventories |  |  | 725,349 |  |  |  | 727,749 |
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  |  | 51,838 |  |  |  | 41,392 |
Income taxes receivable |  |  | 1,352 |  |  |  | 8 |
Total current assets |  |  | 1,707,069 |  |  |  | 1,652,149 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  | 231,661 |  |  |  | 211,478 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 122,104 |  |  |  | 93,081 |
Goodwill |  |  | 192,116 |  |  |  | 192,116 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 16,190 |  |  |  | 12,235 |
Other assets, net |  |  | 64,005 |  |  |  | 66,272 |
|  | $ | 2,333,145 |  |  | $ | 2,227,331 |
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Current installments of long-term debt |  | $ | 4,281 |  |  | $ | 4,275 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 382,170 |  |  |  | 424,272 |
Advance payments from customers |  |  | 189,058 |  |  |  | 197,937 |
Income taxes payable |  |  | 12,823 |  |  |  | 12,236 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 110,772 |  |  |  | 110,416 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 699,104 |  |  |  | 749,136 |
Long-term debt, less current installments |  |  | 428,231 |  |  |  | 320,675 |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 114,279 |  |  |  | 86,687 |
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | 27,987 |  |  |  | 43,922 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 495 |  |  |  | 495 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.10 par value; 5,000 shares authorized, none issued |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.10 par value; 145,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding – 35,653 and 35,164, respectively |  |  | 3,565 |  |  |  | 3,516 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 525,784 |  |  |  | 519,238 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 548,874 |  |  |  | 519,895 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (15,174 | ) |  |  | (16,233 | )
Total shareholders’ equity |  |  | 1,063,049 |  |  |  | 1,026,416 |
|  | $ | 2,333,145 |  |  | $ | 2,227,331 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

1

BENCHMARK ELECTRONICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income

(unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(in thousands, except per share data) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Sales |  | $ | 719,695 |  |  | $ | 771,575 |  |  | $ | 2,147,622 |  |  | $ | 2,135,687 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 650,618 |  |  |  | 704,825 |  |  |  | 1,947,556 |  |  |  | 1,952,579 |
Gross profit |  |  | 69,077 |  |  |  | 66,750 |  |  |  | 200,066 |  |  |  | 183,108 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | 35,509 |  |  |  | 38,544 |  |  |  | 111,379 |  |  |  | 110,675 |
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | 1,592 |  |  |  | 1,591 |  |  |  | 4,775 |  |  |  | 4,792 |
Restructuring charges and other costs |  |  | 1,635 |  |  |  | 1,331 |  |  |  | 6,348 |  |  |  | 4,518 |
Income from operations |  |  | 30,341 |  |  |  | 25,284 |  |  |  | 77,564 |  |  |  | 63,123 |
Interest expense |  |  | (8,475 | ) |  |  | (3,493 | ) |  |  | (23,183 | ) |  |  | (7,428 | )
Interest income |  |  | 1,343 |  |  |  | 452 |  |  |  | 4,223 |  |  |  | 843 |
Other income, net |  |  | 2,384 |  |  |  | 1,087 |  |  |  | 280 |  |  |  | 1,577 |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 25,593 |  |  |  | 23,330 |  |  |  | 58,884 |  |  |  | 58,115 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 5,181 |  |  |  | 4,501 |  |  |  | 12,121 |  |  |  | 11,105 |
Net income |  | $ | 20,412 |  |  | $ | 18,829 |  |  | $ | 46,763 |  |  | $ | 47,010 |
Earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.57 |  |  | $ | 0.54 |  |  | $ | 1.32 |  |  | $ | 1.34 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.57 |  |  | $ | 0.53 |  |  | $ | 1.30 |  |  | $ | 1.32 |
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 35,647 |  |  |  | 35,151 |  |  |  | 35,535 |  |  |  | 35,184 |
Diluted |  |  | 35,876 |  |  |  | 35,348 |  |  |  | 35,879 |  |  |  | 35,604 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

BENCHMARK ELECTRONICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statem ents of Comprehensive Income

(unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Net income |  | $ | 20,412 |  |  | $ | 18,829 |  |  | $ | 46,763 |  |  | $ | 47,010 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | (1,891 | ) |  |  | (3,541 | ) |  |  | (786 | ) |  |  | (8,197 | )
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives, net of tax |  |  | (621 | ) |  |  | 730 |  |  |  | 1,523 |  |  |  | 4,293 |
Other |  |  | (110 | ) |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | 322 |  |  |  | (63 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | (2,622 | ) |  |  | (2,833 | ) |  |  | 1,059 |  |  |  | (3,967 | )
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 17,790 |  |  | $ | 15,996 |  |  | $ | 47,822 |  |  | $ | 43,043 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

BENCHMARK ELECTRONICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statem ents of Shareholders’ Equity

(unaudited)

(in thousands) |  | Shares |  |  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity |
Balances, December 31, 2022 |  |  | 35,164 |  |  | $ | 3,516 |  |  | $ | 519,238 |  |  | $ | 519,895 |  |  | $ | (16,233 | ) |  | $ | 1,026,416 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,331 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,331 |
Stock options exercised |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 67 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 68 |
Vesting of restricted stock units |  |  | 721 |  |  |  | 72 |  |  |  | (72 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Shares withheld for taxes |  |  | (237 | ) |  |  | (24 | ) |  |  | (5,780 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,804 | )
Dividends declared |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (17,784 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (17,784 | )
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 46,763 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 46,763 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,059 |  |  |  | 1,059 |
Balances, September 30, 2023 |  |  | 35,653 |  |  | $ | 3,565 |  |  | $ | 525,784 |  |  | $ | 548,874 |  |  | $ | (15,174 | ) |  | $ | 1,063,049 |
Balances, June 30, 2023 |  |  | 35,642 |  |  | $ | 3,564 |  |  | $ | 522,247 |  |  | $ | 534,470 |  |  | $ | (12,552 | ) |  | $ | 1,047,729 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,674 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,674 |
Vesting of restricted stock units |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Shares withheld for taxes |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (135 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (136 | )
Dividends declared |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6,008 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6,008 | )
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20,412 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20,412 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,622 | ) |  |  | (2,622 | )
Balances, September 30, 2023 |  |  | 35,653 |  |  | $ | 3,565 |  |  | $ | 525,784 |  |  | $ | 548,874 |  |  | $ | (15,174 | ) |  | $ | 1,063,049 |

(in thousands) |  | Shares |  |  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity |
Balances, December 31, 2021 |  |  | 35,213 |  |  | $ | 3,521 |  |  | $ | 507,447 |  |  | $ | 479,992 |  |  | $ | (17,158 | ) |  | $ | 973,802 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13,282 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13,282 |
Shares repurchased and retired |  |  | (376 | ) |  |  | (37 | ) |  |  | (4,177 | ) |  |  | (5,177 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (9,391 | )
Stock options exercised |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 468 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 471 |
Vesting of restricted stock units |  |  | 407 |  |  |  | 41 |  |  |  | (41 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Shares withheld for taxes |  |  | (124 | ) |  |  | (13 | ) |  |  | (3,171 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,184 | )
Dividends declared |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (17,406 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (17,406 | )
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 47,010 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 47,010 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,967 | ) |  |  | (3,967 | )
Balances, September 30, 2022 |  |  | 35,153 |  |  | $ | 3,515 |  |  | $ | 513,808 |  |  | $ | 504,419 |  |  | $ | (21,125 | ) |  | $ | 1,000,617 |
Balances, June 30, 2022 |  |  | 35,140 |  |  | $ | 3,514 |  |  | $ | 509,172 |  |  | $ | 491,379 |  |  | $ | (18,292 | ) |  | $ | 985,773 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,795 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,795 |
Stock options exercised |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12 |
Vesting of restricted stock units |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Shares withheld for taxes |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (169 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (170 | )
Dividends declared |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,789 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,789 | )
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18,829 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18,829 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,833 | ) |  |  | (2,833 | )
Balances, September 30, 2022 |  |  | 35,153 |  |  | $ | 3,515 |  |  | $ | 513,808 |  |  | $ | 504,419 |  |  | $ | (21,125 | ) |  | $ | 1,000,617 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

BENCHMARK ELECTRONICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated S tatements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 46,763 |  |  | $ | 47,010 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation |  |  | 25,443 |  |  |  | 24,874 |
Amortization |  |  | 8,660 |  |  |  | 8,113 |
Provision for doubtful accounts |  |  | 1,321 |  |  |  | (380 | )
Deferred income taxes |  |  | (4,465 | ) |  |  | (4,138 | )
Asset impairments |  |  | 1,075 |  |  |  | — |
Gain on the sale of property, plant and equipment |  |  | (335 | ) |  |  | (246 | )
Gain on assets held for sale |  |  | — |  |  |  | (393 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 12,331 |  |  |  | 13,282 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 12,937 |  |  |  | (123,600 | )
Contract assets |  |  | (6,472 | ) |  |  | (32,487 | )
Inventories |  |  | 1,789 |  |  |  | (228,501 | )
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  |  | (14,433 | ) |  |  | (9,820 | )
Accounts payable |  |  | (24,420 | ) |  |  | 84,588 |
Advance payments from customers |  |  | (8,879 | ) |  |  | 93,476 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | (14,201 | ) |  |  | (2,043 | )
Operating leases |  |  | 830 |  |  |  | (638 | )
Income taxes |  |  | (730 | ) |  |  | 6,186 |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  |  | 37,214 |  |  |  | (124,717 | )
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Additions to property, plant and equipment |  |  | (64,014 | ) |  |  | (30,179 | )
Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment |  |  | 636 |  |  |  | 289 |
Proceeds from the sale of assets held for sale |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,372 |
Additions to capitalized purchased software |  |  | (2,699 | ) |  |  | (3,415 | )
Other |  |  | (48 | ) |  |  | 5 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (66,125 | ) |  |  | (27,928 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt issuance costs |  |  | (216 | ) |  |  | (574 | )
Proceeds from stock options exercised |  |  | 68 |  |  |  | 471 |
Employee taxes paid for with shares withheld |  |  | (5,804 | ) |  |  | (3,184 | )
Dividends paid |  |  | (17,570 | ) |  |  | (17,414 | )
Borrowings under credit agreement |  |  | 614,500 |  |  |  | 593,000 |
Principal payments on credit agreement |  |  | (506,961 | ) |  |  | (423,000 | )
Principal payments on finance leases |  |  | (129 | ) |  |  | (123 | )
Share repurchases |  |  | — |  |  |  | (9,391 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities |  |  | 83,888 |  |  |  | 139,785 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | (1,647 | ) |  |  | (9,552 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | 53,330 |  |  |  | (22,412 | )
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year |  |  | 207,430 |  |  |  | 271,749 |
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period |  | $ | 260,760 |  |  | $ | 249,337 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

BENCHMARK ELECTRONICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consoli dated Financial Statements

(amounts in thousands, except per share data, unless otherwise noted)

(unaudited)

Note 1 – Basis of Presentation

Benchmark Electronics, Inc. (the Company) is a Texas corporation that provides advanced manufacturing services (electronic manufacturing services and precision technology services), which include design and engineering services and technology solutions. From initial product concept to volume production, including direct order fulfillment and aftermarket services, the Company has been providing integrated services and solutions to original equipment manufacturers since 1979. The Company serves the following market sectors: aerospace and defense (A&D), medical technologies, complex industrials, semiconductor capital equipment (Semi-Cap), next-generation communications and advanced computing. The Company has manufacturing operations located in the United States and Mexico (the Americas), Asia and Europe.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) relating to interim financial statements. The condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments necessary in the opinion of management for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the 2022 10-K).

Management has made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities to prepare these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP) for interim financial statements. However, actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

Note 2 – New Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has determined that other recently issued accounting standards will either not have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows, or will not apply to its operations.

Note 3 – Inventories

Inventory costs are summarized as follows:

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Raw materials |  | $ | 699,520 |  |  | $ | 710,494 |
Work in process |  |  | 23,402 |  |  |  | 15,546 |
Finished goods |  |  | 2,427 |  |  |  | 1,709 |
|  | $ | 725,349 |  |  | $ | 727,749 |

Note 4 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill allocated to the Company’s reportable segments is summarized as follows:

(in thousands) |  | Americas |  |  | Asia |  |  | Total |
Goodwill as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 154,014 |  |  | $ | 38,102 |  |  | $ | 192,116 |

6

Other assets, net consist primarily of acquired identifiable intangible assets and capitalized purchased software costs. Acquired identifiable intangible assets and capitalized purchased software costs as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:

(in thousands) |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net Carrying Amount |
Customer relationships |  | $ | 100,059 |  |  | $ | (70,703 | ) |  | $ | 29,356 |
Capitalized purchased software costs |  |  | 43,816 |  |  |  | (29,288 | ) |  |  | 14,528 |
Technology licenses |  |  | 15,500 |  |  |  | (15,500 | ) |  |  | — |
Trade names and trademarks |  |  | 7,800 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,800 |
Other |  |  | 868 |  |  |  | (398 | ) |  |  | 470 |
Total intangible assets as of September 30, 2023 |  | $ | 168,043 |  |  | $ | (115,889 | ) |  | $ | 52,154 |

(in thousands) |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net Carrying Amount |
Customer relationships |  | $ | 100,072 |  |  | $ | (65,958 | ) |  | $ | 34,114 |
Capitalized purchased software costs |  |  | 52,483 |  |  |  | (36,702 | ) |  |  | 15,781 |
Technology licenses |  |  | 15,500 |  |  |  | (15,500 | ) |  |  | — |
Trade names and trademarks |  |  | 7,800 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,800 |
Other |  |  | 868 |  |  |  | (377 | ) |  |  | 491 |
Total intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 176,723 |  |  | $ | (118,537 | ) |  | $ | 58,186 |

Customer relationships are being amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of 10 to 14 years. Capitalized purchased software costs are amortized straight-line over the estimated useful life of the related software, which ranges from 2 to 14 years. Technology licenses are being amortized over their estimated useful lives in proportion to the economic benefits consumed. The Company’s acquired trade names and trademarks have been determined to have an indefinite life. Amortization on the condensed consolidated statements of cash flow for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Amortization of intangible assets |  | $ | 4,775 |  |  | $ | 4,792 |
Amortization of capitalized purchased software costs |  |  | 3,517 |  |  |  | 3,019 |
Amortization of debt costs |  |  | 368 |  |  |  | 302 |
|  | $ | 8,660 |  |  | $ | 8,113 |

The estimated future amortization expense of acquired intangible assets for each of the next five ye ars is as follows:

Year ending December 31, |  | Amount |
2023 (remaining three months) |  | $ | 1,592 |
2024 |  |  | 4,817 |
2025 |  |  | 4,817 |
2026 |  |  | 4,817 |
2027 |  |  | 4,817 |

Note 5 – Borrowing Facilities

Long-term debt outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consists of the following:

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Revolving credit facility |  | $ | 305,000 |  |  | $ | 195,000 |
Term loan |  |  | 128,789 |  |  |  | 131,250 |
Less unamortized debt issuance costs |  |  | (1,677 | ) |  |  | (1,829 | )
Total long-term debt |  | $ | 432,112 |  |  | $ | 324,421 |

7

On July 20, 2018, the Company entered into a $650 million credit agreement (the Prior Credit Agreement) by and among the Company, certain of its subsidiaries, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and an L/C Issuer. The Prior Credit Agreement was comprised of a five-year $500 million revolving credit facility and a five-year $151 million term loan facility, both which had a maturity date of July 20, 2023. The term loan facility proceeds were used to (i) refinance a portion of existing indebtedness and terminate all commitments under the Company’s prior $430 million credit agreement and (ii) pay the fees, costs and expenses associated with the foregoing and the negotiation, execution and delivery of the Prior Credit Agreement.

On December 21, 2021, the Company amended and restated the Prior Credit Agreement by entering into a $381 million amended and restated credit agreement (the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement). The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement was comprised of a five-year $250 million revolving credit facility (the Revolving Credit Facility) and a five-year $131.3 million term loan facility (the Term Loan Facility), which extended the original revolving credit facility and term loan facility maturity dates from July 20, 2023 to December 21, 2026.

On May 20, 2022, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 (the Amendment) to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (as amended, the Credit Agreement). The Amendment increased the Revolving Credit Facility commitments from $250 million to $450 million. The Amendment also established that the interest on outstanding borrowings starting on the next reset date and any new borrowings under the Amendment (other than swingline loans) will accrue, at the Company’s option, at (a) BSBY plus the Applicable Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement, approximately 1.00% to 2.00% per annum depending on various factors) or (b) for U.S. Dollar denominated loans, the base rate (which is the highest of (i) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (ii) the Bank of America, N.A. prime rate, (iii) the one month BSBY adjusted daily plus 1.00% and (iv) 1.00%).

On February 3, 2023, the Company entered into Amendment No. 2 to the Credit Agreement, which increased the maximum amount of trade accounts that the Company may elect to sell at any one time to $200.0 million.

On May 1, 2023, the Company entered into Amendment No. 3 to the Credit Agreement (Amendment No. 3). Amendment No. 3 increased the Revolving Credit Facility commitments from $450 million to $550 million. Amendment No. 3 also established that the interest on outstanding borrowings starting on the next reset date and any new borrowings under Amendment No. 3 (other than swingline loans) will accrue, at the Company’s option, at (a) Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus 0.10% plus the Applicable Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement, approximately 1.00% to 2.00% per annum depending on various factors) or (b) for U.S. Dollar denominated loans, the base rate (which is the highest of (i) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (ii) the Bank of America, N.A. prime rate, (iii) Term SOFR plus 1.00% and (iv) 1.00%).

The Revolving Credit Facility is available for general corporate purposes. The Credit Agreement includes an accordion feature pursuant to which the Company is permitted to add one or more incremental term loans and/or increase commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility in an aggregate amount of $100 million or a higher amount, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions and exceptions.

The Term Loan Facility is subject to quarterly principal installments equal to 0.625% of the initial aggregate term loan advances to be paid commencing December 31, 2022 t hrough September 30, 2024 and 1.25% of the initial aggregate term loan advances from December 31, 2024 until the maturity date.

As of September 30, 2023, a portion of the $128.8 million of the outstanding debt under the Credit Agreement is effectively at a fixed interest rate of 4.039% as a result of a $128.0 million notional interest rate swap contract discussed in Note 14. A commitment fee of 0.15% to 0.30% per annum (based on the Company’s debt to EBITDA ratio) on the unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility is payable quarterly in arrears.

The Credit Agreement is generally secured by a pledge of (a) all the capital stock of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the capital stock of its directly owned foreign subsidiaries, (b) all or substantially all other personal property of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries (including, but not limited to, accounts receivable, contract assets, inventory, intellectual property and fixed assets of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries), in each case, subject to customary exceptions and limitations, and (c) all proceeds and products of the property and assets described in (a) and (b) above.

The Credit Agreement contains certain financial covenants related to interest coverage and debt leverage, and certain customary affirmative and negative covenants, including restrictions on the Company’s ability to incur additional debt and liens, pay dividends, repurchase shares, sell assets and merge or consolidate with other persons. Amounts due under the Credit Agreement could be accelerated upon specified events of default, including a failure to pay amounts due, breach of a c ovenant, material inaccuracy of a representation, or occurrence of bankruptcy or insolvency, subject, in some cases, to cure periods. As of September 30, 2023, the Company was in compliance with the covenants under the Credit Agreement.

8

As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $128.8 million in borrowings outstanding under the Term Loan Facility, $305.0 million in borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility, and $4.4 million in letters of credit outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility. The Company had $240.6 million available for future borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility subject to compliance with financial covenants as to interest coverage and debt leverage, in addition to other debt covenant restrictions.

Note 6 – Leases

The Company determines if a contract is or contains a lease at inception. The Company has entered into leases for certain facilities, vehicles and other equipment. The Company’s leases consist mainly of operating leases which expire at various dates through 2036. Variable lease payments are generally expensed as incurred and include certain index-based changes in rent, certain non-lease components, such as maintenance and other services provided by the lessor, and other charges included in the lease.

The components of lease expense were as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(in thousands) | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Finance lease cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of right-of-use assets (included in depreciation expense) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 72 |
Interest on lease liabilities |  | 5 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 22 |
Operating lease cost |  | 4,891 |  |  |  | 4,278 |  |  |  | 13,797 |  |  |  | 12,977 |
Short-term lease cost |  | 183 |  |  |  | 64 |  |  |  | 473 |  |  |  | 208 |
Variable lease cost |  | 442 |  |  |  | 466 |  |  |  | 1,334 |  |  |  | 1,408 |
Total lease cost | $ | 5,521 |  |  | $ | 4,839 |  |  | $ | 15,668 |  |  | $ | 14,687 |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows used for operating leases |  | $ | 13,196 |  |  | $ | 13,462 |
Operating cash flows used for finance lease |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 22 |
Financing cash flows used for finance lease |  | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | 123 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 39,849 |  |  | $ | 11,525 |

Lease assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
(dollars in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Finance lease right-of-use assets (included in other assets, net) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 664 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  | $ | 122,104 |  |  | $ | 93,081 |
Finance lease liabilities, current (included in current installments of long-term debt) |  | $ | 179 |  |  | $ | 173 |
Finance lease liabilities, noncurrent (included in long-term debt) |  | $ | 221 |  |  | $ | 355 |
Operating lease liabilities, current (included in accrued liabilities) |  | $ | 14,281 |  |  | $ | 12,020 |
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent |  | $ | 114,279 |  |  | $ | 86,687 |
Weighted average remaining lease term – finance leases |  | 2.2 years |  |  | 2.9 years |
Weighted average remaining lease term – operating leases |  | 9.7 years |  |  | 9.8 years |
Weighted average discount rate – finance leases |  |  | 4.8 | % |  |  | 4.8 | %
Weighted average discount rate – operating leases |  |  | 4.4 | % |  |  | 4.1 | %

9

Future annual minimum operating lease payments and finance lease commitments as of September 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

Year ending December 31, |  | Operating Leases |  |  | Finance Leases |
2023 (remaining three months) |  | $ | 4,318 |  |  | $ | 48 |
2024 |  |  | 19,547 |  |  |  | 194 |
2025 |  |  | 18,876 |  |  |  | 177 |
2026 |  |  | 15,480 |  |  |  | — |
2027 |  |  | 14,357 |  |  |  | — |
2028 and thereafter |  |  | 87,187 |  |  |  | — |
Total minimum lease payments |  |  | 159,765 |  |  |  | 419 |
Less: imputed interest |  |  | (31,205 | ) |  |  | (19 | )
Total present value of lease liabilities |  | $ | 128,560 |  |  | $ | 400 |

Note 7 – Common Stock and Stock-Based Awards Plans

Dividends

The Company began declaring and paying quarterly dividends during the first quarter of 2018. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, cash dividends paid totaled $5.9 million and $17.6 million. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, cash dividends paid totaled $5.8 million and $17.4 million. On September 11, 2023 and September 12, 2022, the Company declared quarterly cash dividends of $0.165 per share of the Company’s common stock to shareholders of record as of September 29, 2023 and September 30, 2022, respectively. The dividends for the third quarters of 2023 and 2022 were paid on October 13, 2023 and October 14, 2022, respectively. The Company’s future dividend policy is subject to the Company’s compliance with applicable law, and depends on, among other things, the Company’s results of operations, financial condition, level of indebtedness, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, restrictions in the Company’s debt agreements, and other factors that the Company’s Board of Directors (the Board of Directors) may deem relevant. Dividend payments are not mandatory or guaranteed; there can be no assurance that the Company will continue to pay a dividend in the future.

Share Repurchase Authorization

On February 19, 2020 and October 26, 2018, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of $150 million and $100 million, respectively, shares of the Compa ny’s common stock in addition to the $250 million previously approved on March 6, 2018. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company did not repurchase any common shares. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had an aggregate $154.6 million remaining under its stock repurchase program.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company’s 2019 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (as amended, the 2019 Plan) authorizes the Company, upon approval of the Human Capital and Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, to grant a variety of awards, including stock options, restricted shares and restricted stock units (both time-based and performance-based) and other forms of equity awards, or any combination thereof, to any director, officer, employee or consultant (including any prospective director, officer, employee or consultant) of the Company. Stock options (which have not been awarded since 2015) are granted to employees with an exercise price equal to the market price of shares of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, generally vest over a four-year period from the date of grant and have a term of 10 years. Time-based restricted stock units granted to employees generally vest over a four-year period from the date of grant, subject to the continued employment of the employee by the Company. Performance-based restricted stock units generally vest over a three-year performance cycle, which includes the year of the grant, and are based upon the Company’s achievement of specified performance metrics. Awards under the 2019 Plan to non-employee directors have been in the form of restricted stock units, which generally vest one year from the grant date.

As of September 30, 2023, 2.3 mi llion common shares were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan.

All share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, are recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements based on their grant date fair values. The total compensation cost recognized for stock-based awards was $3.7 million and $12.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $4.8 million and $13.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The future tax benefit of these stock-based awards as of the grant date was $0.8 million and $2.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $1.1 million and $3.1 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Awards of restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units are valued at the closing market price of shares of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. For

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performance-based restricted stock units, compensation expense is based on the probability that the performance goals will be achieved, which is monitored by management throughout the requisite service period. When it becomes probable, based on the Company’s expectation of performance during the measurement period, that more or less than the previous estimate of the awarded shares will vest, an adjustment to stock-based compensation expense is recognized as a change in accounting estimate.

As of September 30, 2023, the unrecognized compensation cost and remaining weighted-average amortization period related to stock-based awards were as follows:

(in thousands) |  | Restricted Stock Units |  |  | Performance- based Restricted Stock Units (1) |
Unrecognized compensation cost |  | $ | 25,713 |  |  | $ | 5,997 |
Remaining weighted-average amortization period |  | 2.7 years |  |  | 1.9 years |

(1) Based on the probable achievement of the performance goals identified in each award.

The total cash received by the Company as a result of stock option exercises for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $0.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively. The actual tax benefit realized as a result of stock option exercises and the vesting of other share-based awards for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $2.6 million and $2.5 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the total intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

The Company awarded performance-based restricted stock units to employees during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The number of performance-based restricted stock units that will ultimately be earned will not be determined until the end of the corresponding performance periods, and may vary from as low as zero to as high as 2.5 times the target number depending on the level of achievement of certain performance goals. The level of achievement of these goals is based upon the financial results of the Company for the last full calendar year within the performance period. The performance goals consist of certain levels of achievement using the following financial metrics: revenue, operating income margin, and return on invested capital. If the performance goals are not met based on the Company’s financial results, the applicable performance-based restricted stock units will not vest and will be forfeited. Shares subject to forfeited performance-based restricted stock units will be available for re-issuance under the Company’s 2019 Plan.

The following table summarizes activities relating to the Company’s stock options:

(in thousands, except per share data) |  | Number of Options |  |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value |
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 |  |  | 57 |  |  | $ | 21.85 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | (11 | ) |  |  | 17.37 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited or expired |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | 18.66 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding and exercisable as of September 30, 2023 |  |  | 44 |  |  | $ | 23.07 |  |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | $ | 53 |

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above is before income taxes and is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying options and the Company’s closing stock price as of the last business day of the period ended September 30, 2023 for options that had exercise prices that were below the closing price.

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The following table summarizes the activities related to the Company’s time-based restricted stock units:

(in thousands, except per share data) |  | Number of Units |  |  | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value |
Non-vested awards outstanding as of December 31, 2022 |  |  | 1,185 |  |  | $ | 26.93 |
Granted |  |  | 720 |  |  |  | 24.12 |
Vested |  |  | (479 | ) |  |  | 26.92 |
Forfeited |  |  | (136 | ) |  |  | 25.94 |
Non-vested awards outstanding as of September 30, 2023 |  |  | 1,290 |  |  | $ | 25.47 |

The following table summarizes the activities related to the Company’s performance-based restricted stock units:

|  |  |  |  | Weighted- |
|  |  |  |  | Average |
|  | Number of |  |  | Grant Date |
(in thousands, except per share data) |  | Units |  |  | Fair Value |
Non-vested units outstanding as of December 31, 2022 |  |  | 545 |  |  | $ | 27.62 |
Granted(1) |  |  | 244 |  |  |  | 25.30 |
Vested |  |  | (242 | ) |  |  | 28.30 |
Forfeited |  |  | (105 | ) |  |  | 26.98 |
Non-vested units outstanding as of September 30, 2023 |  |  | 442 |  |  | $ | 26.12 |

(1) Represents target number of units that can vest based on the achievement of the performance goals.

Note 8 – Income Taxes

Income tax expense consists of the following:

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Federal |  | $ | 570 |  |  | $ | (9 | )
State and local |  |  | 196 |  |  |  | 609 |
Foreign |  |  | 15,820 |  |  |  | 14,715 |
Deferred |  |  | (4,465 | ) |  |  | (4,210 | )
|  | $ | 12,121 |  |  | $ | 11,105 |

Income tax expense differs from the amount computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to income before income taxes primarily due to the mix of taxable income by taxing jurisdiction, the impact of tax incentives and tax holidays in foreign locations, state income taxes (net of federal benefit) and the U.S. tax under the global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) provisions. GILTI requires the Company to include in its U.S. income tax return foreign subsidiary earnings in excess of an allowable return on the foreign subsidiaries tangible fixed assets. The taxable earnings can be offset by a limited deemed paid foreign tax credit with no carrybacks or carryforwards available. The Company accounts for the GILTI as a period cost and does not include it as a factor in the determination of deferred taxes.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had approximatel y $365.2 million in cumulati ve undistributed foreign earnings of its foreign subsidiaries. These earnings would not be subject to U.S. income tax if distributed to the Company. During 2018, the Company changed its assertion on its foreign subsidiaries earnings that are permanently reinvested. A certain amount of earnings from specific foreign subsidiaries are permanently reinvested, and certain foreign earnings from other specific foreign subsidiaries are considered to be non-permanently reinvested and are available for immediate distribution to the Company. Income taxes have been accrued on the non-permanently reinvested foreign earnings including any applicable local withholding taxes.

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) was enacted in the United States in response to the COVID pandemic. The CARES Act, among other things, permits net operating loss carryovers and carrybacks to offset 100% of taxable income for taxable years beginning before 2021, and contains modifications on the limitation of business interest. The Company has evaluated the impact of these provisions and has determined these provisions did not have any impact on

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the nine months ended September 30, 2023. In addition, the CARES Act allowed for employee retention tax credits to be taken in U.S. payroll tax filings and allowed for the deferral of the employer portion of social security taxes during the calendar year 2020 with 50% to be paid at the end of calendar years 2021 and 2022, respectively. The Company deferred the payment of the employer portion of social security taxes for the year ended December 31, 2020 until the end of 2021 and 2022, respectively. During December 2022 and 2021, the Company paid 100% of the social security taxes previously deferred and all employer deferrals have been paid. The Company has also determined it was entitled to employee retention credits and filed for the credits in the second quarter 2020 payroll tax reports pursuant to the guidance provided by the Internal Revenue Service. The amount for the credits was recorded in operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company was not eligible for employee retention tax credits as of December 31, 2021. The Company has not received the retention credits from the Internal Revenue Service that it applied for during the second quarter of 2020. The Internal Revenue Service has had some delays in processing the filings for the tax refunds.

The Company has been granted certain tax incentives, including tax holidays, for its subsidiaries in China and Thailand that will expire at various dates, unless extended or otherwise renegotiated, through 2023 in China and 2030 in Thailand, and are subject to certain conditions with which the Company expects to comply. We will be applying for an additional China tax holiday for future years from 2024 until 2026. The Malaysia tax incentive expired as of March 31, 2021, but the Company has applied for an extension of the Malaysia tax holiday which would extend the tax holiday for potentially 5 to 10 years. There is no guarantee that the Company will be granted the extension of the Malaysia tax holiday or the future China tax holiday. The net impact of these tax incentives was to lower foreign income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 by approximately $4.7 million (approximately $0.13 per diluted share) and $4.5 million (approximately $0.13 per diluted share), respectively, as follows:

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
China |  | $ | 620 |  |  | $ | 581 |
Thailand |  |  | 4,086 |  |  |  | 3,924 |
|  | $ | 4,706 |  |  | $ | 4,505 |

As of September 30, 2023, the total amount of the reserve for uncertain tax benefits including interest and penalties was $9.5 million. The reserve is classified as a current or long-term liability in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets based on the Company’s expectation of when the items will be settled. The Company records interest expense and penalties accrued in relation to uncertain income tax benefits as a component of current income tax expense on the condensed consolidated statements of income.

The Company and its subsidiaries in Brazil, China, Ireland, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Romania, Singapore, Thailand and the United States remain open to examination by the various local taxing authorities, in total or in part, for fiscal years 2016 to 2022. During such income tax examinations, disputes may occur as to matters of fact or law. Also, in most tax jurisdictions, the passage of time without examination will result in the expiration of applicable statutes of limitations thereby precluding examination of the tax period(s) for which such statute of limitation has expired. The Company believes that it has adequately provided for its tax liabilities.

Note 9 – Revenue

The Company’s revenues are generated primarily from its manufacturing services, which entails the sale of manufactured products built to customer specifications. The Company also generates revenue from design, development and engineering services, in addition to the sale of other inventory.

Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a manufactured product to a customer. The Company’s contracts with customers are generally short-term in nature. The Company applies the optional exemption related to short-term performance obligations and does not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of one year or less. Customers are generally billed when the product is shipped or as services are performed. Under the majority of the Company’s manufacturing contracts with customers, the customer controls all of the work-in-progress as products are being built. Revenues under these contracts are recognized progressively based on the cost-to-cost method. For other manufacturing contracts, the customer does not take control of the product until it is completed. Under these contracts, the Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of the product to the customer, which is generally when goods are shipped. Revenue from design, development and engineering services is recognized over time as the services are performed. As a general matter, the Company assumes no significant obligations after shipment as it typically warrants workmanship only. Therefore, the warranty provisions are generally not significant.

If the Company records revenue, but does not issue an invoice, a contract asset is recognized. The contract asset is transferred to accounts receivable when the entitlement to payment becomes unconditional.

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Taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, which are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded from revenue.

Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control over a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as fulfillment costs and are included in cost of sales in the condensed consolidated statements of income.

Disaggregation of revenue

In the following tables, revenue is disaggregated by market sector. The tables also include a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with the reportable operating segments. Elimination of intersegment sales includes intersegment sales between reportable operating segments.

|  | Reportable Operating Segments |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 |
(in thousands) |  | Americas |  |  | Asia |  |  | Europe |  |  | Total |
Market sector: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Industrials |  | $ | 28,504 |  |  | $ | 94,939 |  |  | $ | 30,198 |  |  | $ | 153,641 |
A&D |  |  | 84,821 |  |  |  | 8,833 |  |  |  | 6,033 |  |  |  | 99,687 |
Medical |  |  | 92,509 |  |  |  | 46,968 |  |  |  | 9,653 |  |  |  | 149,130 |
Semi-Cap |  |  | 65,920 |  |  |  | 75,103 |  |  |  | 24,231 |  |  |  | 165,254 |
Advanced Computing |  |  | 60,748 |  |  |  | 4,976 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 65,724 |
Next Generation Communications |  |  | 52,677 |  |  |  | 33,582 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 86,259 |
External revenue |  |  | 385,179 |  |  |  | 264,401 |  |  |  | 70,115 |  |  |  | 719,695 |
Elimination of intersegment sales |  |  | 14,177 |  |  |  | 10,762 |  |  |  | 1,297 |  |  |  | 26,236 |
Segment revenue |  | $ | 399,356 |  |  | $ | 275,163 |  |  | $ | 71,412 |  |  | $ | 745,931 |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 |
(in thousands) |  | Americas |  |  | Asia |  |  | Europe |  |  | Total |
Market sector: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Industrials |  | $ | 96,390 |  |  | $ | 270,369 |  |  | $ | 97,245 |  |  | $ | 464,004 |
A&D |  |  | 215,185 |  |  |  | 25,655 |  |  |  | 18,426 |  |  |  | 259,266 |
Medical |  |  | 251,001 |  |  |  | 146,136 |  |  |  | 33,978 |  |  |  | 431,115 |
Semi-Cap |  |  | 189,939 |  |  |  | 216,522 |  |  |  | 71,369 |  |  |  | 477,830 |
Advanced Computing |  |  | 224,424 |  |  |  | 18,679 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 243,103 |
Next Generation Communications |  |  | 156,592 |  |  |  | 115,656 |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | 272,304 |
External revenue |  |  | 1,133,531 |  |  |  | 793,017 |  |  |  | 221,074 |  |  |  | 2,147,622 |
Elimination of intersegment sales |  |  | 67,252 |  |  |  | 37,039 |  |  |  | 2,783 |  |  |  | 107,074 |
Segment revenue |  | $ | 1,200,783 |  |  | $ | 830,056 |  |  | $ | 223,857 |  |  | $ | 2,254,696 |

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 |
(in thousands) |  | Americas |  |  | Asia |  |  | Europe |  |  | Total |
Market sector: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Industrials |  | $ | 29,504 |  |  | $ | 90,469 |  |  | $ | 35,305 |  |  | $ | 155,278 |
A&D |  |  | 69,700 |  |  |  | 13,514 |  |  |  | 3,024 |  |  |  | 86,238 |
Medical |  |  | 85,609 |  |  |  | 67,956 |  |  |  | 11,981 |  |  |  | 165,546 |
Semi-Cap |  |  | 77,123 |  |  |  | 91,907 |  |  |  | 17,295 |  |  |  | 186,325 |
Advanced Computing |  |  | 78,438 |  |  |  | 16,124 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 94,562 |
Next Generation Communications |  |  | 43,012 |  |  |  | 40,487 |  |  |  | 127 |  |  |  | 83,626 |
External revenue |  |  | 383,386 |  |  |  | 320,457 |  |  |  | 67,732 |  |  |  | 771,575 |
Elimination of intersegment sales |  |  | 17,519 |  |  |  | 17,269 |  |  |  | 668 |  |  |  | 35,456 |
Segment revenue |  | $ | 400,905 |  |  | $ | 337,726 |  |  | $ | 68,400 |  |  | $ | 807,031 |

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|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 |
(in thousands) |  | Americas |  |  | Asia |  |  | Europe |  |  | Total |
Market sector: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Industrials |  | $ | 71,171 |  |  | $ | 275,422 |  |  | $ | 104,667 |  |  | $ | 451,260 |
A&D |  |  | 216,204 |  |  |  | 29,196 |  |  |  | 11,922 |  |  |  | 257,322 |
Medical |  |  | 240,467 |  |  |  | 176,408 |  |  |  | 31,778 |  |  |  | 448,653 |
Semi-Cap |  |  | 212,152 |  |  |  | 274,703 |  |  |  | 57,806 |  |  |  | 544,661 |
Advanced Computing |  |  | 180,109 |  |  |  | 38,145 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 218,254 |
Next Generation Communications |  |  | 108,077 |  |  |  | 107,228 |  |  |  | 232 |  |  |  | 215,537 |
External revenue |  |  | 1,028,180 |  |  |  | 901,102 |  |  |  | 206,405 |  |  |  | 2,135,687 |
Elimination of intersegment sales |  |  | 38,580 |  |  |  | 44,332 |  |  |  | 2,186 |  |  |  | 85,098 |
Segment revenue |  | $ | 1,066,760 |  |  | $ | 945,434 |  |  | $ | 208,591 |  |  | $ | 2,220,785 |

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, 89.0% and 90.6%, respectively, of the Company’s revenue was recognized as products and services that were transferred over time.

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections result in billed accounts receivable, contract assets and advance payments from customers.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had $190.1 million and $183.6 million, respectively, in contract assets from contracts with customers. The contract assets primarily relate to the Company’s right to consideration for work completed but not billed as of the reporting date. The contract assets are transferred to accounts receivable when the rights become unconditional.

Significant changes in contract asset during the period are as follows:

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 183,613 |  |  | $ | 155,243 |
Revenue recognized |  |  | 1,911,958 |  |  |  | 1,937,398 |
Amounts collected or invoiced |  |  | (1,905,486 | ) |  |  | (1,904,911 | )
Ending balance |  | $ | 190,085 |  |  | $ | 187,730 |

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had $189.1 million and $197.9 million, respectively, in advance payments from customers. Of those amounts, $175.1 million and $178.9 million, respectively, were customer deposits and prepayments of inventory and $14.0 million and $18.9 million, respectively, were related to the contractual timing of payments. The advance payments are not considered a significant financing component because they are used to meet working capital demands of a contract, offset inventory risks and protect the Company from the failure of other parties to fulfill obligations under a contract.

Note 10 – Accounts Receivable Sale Programs

As of September 30, 2023, in connection with trade accounts receivable sale programs with unaffiliated financial institutions, the Company may elect to sell, at a discount, on an ongoing basis, up to a maximum of $200.0 million of specific accounts receivable at any one time.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company sold $123.3 million and $103.4 million, respectively, of accounts receivable under these programs, and in exchange, the Company received cash proceeds of $122.4 million and $102.9 million, respectively, net of the discount. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company sold $415.4 million and $330.0 million, respectively, of accounts receivable under these programs, and in exchange, the Company received cash proceeds of $412.1 million and $328.9 million, respectively, net of the discount. The sale discount was recorded to other expense on the condensed consolidated statements of income.

Note 11 – Contingencies

The Company is involved in various legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Although the outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, in the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

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Note 12 – Restructuring Charges

The Company has undertaken initiatives to restructure its business operations to improve utilization and realize cost savings. These initiatives have included changing the number and location of production facilities, largely to align capacity and infrastructure with current and anticipated customer demand. This alignment includes transferring programs from higher cost geographies to lower cost geographies. The process of restructuring entails moving production between facilities, reducing staff levels, realigning our business processes, reorganizing our management and other activities.

The Company recognized $5.2 million of restructuring charges during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 primarily related to the previously announced closure of our site in Moorpark, California in the Americas, and other smaller activities involving capacity reductions and reductions in workforce in certain facilities across various regions. Moorpark, California operations ceased as of March 31, 2023 with restructuring activity expected to be substantially completed in 2023.

The following table summarizes the 2023 activity in accrued restructuring, which is included in accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, as of September 30, 2023 and relates to various restructuring activities initiated prior to September 30, 2023:

|  | Balance as of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Foreign |  |  | Balance as of |
|  | December 31, |  |  | Restructuring |  |  | Cash |  |  | Non-Cash |  |  | Exchange |  |  | September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | Charges |  |  | Payments |  |  | Activity |  |  | Adjustments |  |  | 2023 |
Restructuring: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance |  | $ | 3,683 |  |  | $ | 2,971 |  |  | $ | (6,600 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 86 |
Lease facility costs |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 153 |  |  |  | (161 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9 |
Other exit costs |  |  | 81 |  |  |  | 2,104 |  |  |  | (2,103 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 82 |
|  | $ | 3,781 |  |  | $ | 5,228 |  |  | $ | (8,864 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 177 |

The components of restructuring charges during the first nine months of 2023 were as follows:

(in thousands) |  | Americas |  |  | Asia |  |  | Europe |  |  | Total |
Severance costs |  | $ | 2,908 |  |  | $ | 63 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,971 |
Lease facility costs |  |  | 153 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 153 |
Other exit costs |  |  | 2,104 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,104 |
|  | $ | 5,165 |  |  | $ | 63 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,228 |

During the second quarter of 2023, the Company made the decision to no longer continue certain manufacturing capabilities in the Americas. In connection with that decision, the Company assessed the facility and equipment assets used in those manufacturing capabilities and recorded $1.1 million of impairment charges as a result of that assessment. The asset impairment charges are included in the restructuring charges and other costs line item on the condensed consolidated statements of income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Additionally, during the third quarter of 2021, the Company made the decision to no longer continue certain manufacturing capabilities in the Americas. In connection with that decision, the Company assessed the facility and equipment assets used in those manufacturing capabilities using valuation information from third parties and recorded $4.4 million of impairment charges as a result of that assessment. The asset impairment charges are included in the restructuring charges and other costs line item on the consolidated statements of income as of September 30, 2021. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company completed the sale of the equipment for $1.3 million and recorded a loss on assets held for sale of $2.0 million included in the restructuring charges and other costs line item on the consolidated statements of income. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company completed the sale of a building in Angleton, Texas for $4.3 million and recorded a gain on assets held for sale of $2.4 million included in the restructuring charges and other costs line item on the consolidated statements of income.

Note 13 – Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares outstanding adjusted for the incremental shares attributed to outstanding stock equivalents. Stock equivalents include common stock issuable upon the exercise or vesting of stock options and other equity instruments and are computed using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, the exercise price of a share and the amount of compensation cost, if any, for future service that the Company has not yet recognized are assumed to be used to repurchase shares in the current period. In periods when losses are reported, the weighted-average number of shares outstanding excludes stock equivalents because their inclusion would have an anti-dilutive effect.

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The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(in thousands, except per share data) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Net income |  | $ | 20,412 |  |  | $ | 18,829 |  |  | $ | 46,763 |  |  | $ | 47,010 |
Denominator for basic earnings per share – weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period |  |  | 35,647 |  |  |  | 35,151 |  |  |  | 35,535 |  |  |  | 35,184 |
Incremental common shares attributable to exercise of dilutive options |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 15 |
Incremental common shares attributable to outstanding restricted stock units |  |  | 225 |  |  |  | 184 |  |  |  | 339 |  |  |  | 405 |
Denominator for diluted earnings per share |  |  | 35,876 |  |  |  | 35,348 |  |  |  | 35,879 |  |  |  | 35,604 |
Basic earnings per share |  | $ | 0.57 |  |  | $ | 0.54 |  |  | $ | 1.32 |  |  | $ | 1.34 |
Diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 0.57 |  |  | $ | 0.53 |  |  | $ | 1.30 |  |  | $ | 1.32 |

Restricted stock units totaling three thousand and 0.2 million common shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. Restricted stock units totaling less than one thousand common shares for the three months ended September 30, 2022 were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. There were no anti-dilutive shares for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Note 14 – Financial Instruments

The Company’s financial instruments include cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other receivables, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and long-term debt. The Company believes that the carrying values of these instruments approximate fair value because of their short-term nature. The Company uses derivative instruments to manage the variability of foreign currency obligations and interest rates. The Company does not enter into derivatives for speculative purposes.

The Company utilizes forward currency exchange contracts to manage its foreign currency exposure. These instruments are designated as cash flow hedges and the changes in fair value of the derivatives are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the condensed consolidated balance sheets until earnings are affected by the variability of the cash flows. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded an unrealized loss of $2.3 million ($1.7 million net of tax) and an unrealized gain of $1.0 million ($0.8 million net of tax), respectively, on the forward currency exchange contracts in other comprehensive income and transferred unrealized gains of $1.2 million and $2.5 million, respectively, to cost of sales. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded an unrealized loss of less than $0.1 million (less than $0.1 million net of tax) and an unrealized gain of $0.4 million ($0.3 million net of tax), respectively, on the forward currency exchange contracts in other comprehensive income (loss) and transferred unrealized gains of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, to cost of sales (See Note 15). The Company also has forward currency exchange contracts in place as of September 30, 2023 that have not been designated as accounting hedges and, therefore, changes in fair value are recorded in other income on the condensed consolidated statements of income.

As of September 30, 2023, the fair value estimates for the Company’s forward currency exchange contracts were based on Level 2 inputs of the fair value hierarchy, which includes obtaining directly or indirectly observable values from third parties active in the relevant markets. Inputs in the determinations of fair value of the foreign currency forward contracts include prevailing forward and spot prices for currencies. The Company enters into forward currency exchange contracts for its operations in Mexico, Europe and Thailand.

The Company utilizes an interest rate swap agreement to hedge a portion of its interest rate exposure on outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement. The Company entered into a new interest rate swap agreement on July 20, 2023 and as of September 30, 2023, the notional amount of this interest rate swap agreement was $128.0 million. Under the interest rate swap agreement, the Company receives variable rate interest payments based on the one-month LIBOR rate and pays fixed rate interest payments. The fixed interest rate for the contract is 4.039%. The effect of the swap is to convert a portion of the floating rate interest expense to fixed interest rate expense. Based on the terms of the interest rate swap contract and the underlying borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement, the interest rate contract was determined to be highly effective, and thus qualifies and has been designated as a cash flow hedge. As such, changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the condensed consolidated balance sheets until earnings are affected by the variability of cash flows. During the three and nine months ended

17

September 30, 2023, the Company recorded unrealized gains of $1.5 million ($1.1 million net of tax) and $1.0 million ($0.7 million net of tax), respectively, on the swap in other comprehensive income (loss) (See Note 15).

As of December 31, 2022, the notional amount of the Company's previous interest rate swap agreement was $121.9 million and the fixed interest rate for the contract was 2.928%. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded unrealized gains of $1.0 million ($0.7 million net of tax) and $5.3 million ($4.0 million net of tax), respectively, on the swap in other comprehensive income (See Note 15).

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value estimates for the Company’s respective interest rate swap agreements were based on Level 2 inputs of the fair value hierarchy, as the Company obtained the valuation from a third party active in relevant markets. The valuation of the swap agreements is primarily measured through various pricing models or discounted cash flow analysis that incorporate observable market parameters, such as interest rate yield curves and volatility.

The following table presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments:

|  |  |  | Fair Value |
|  |  |  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
(in thousands) |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward currency exchange contracts |  | Other current assets |  | $ | 1,440 |  |  | $ | 407 |
Interest rate swap agreement |  | Other assets, net and other current assets, respectively |  | $ | 1,640 |  |  | $ | 639 |

Note 15 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
|  | Foreign |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Foreign |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Currency |  |  | Derivative |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Currency |  |  | Derivative |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Translation |  |  | Instruments, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Translation |  |  | Instruments, |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) |  | Adjustments |  |  | Net of Tax |  |  | Other |  |  | Total |  |  | Adjustments |  |  | Net of Tax |  |  | Other |  |  | Total |
Beginning balance |  | $ | (14,772 | ) |  | $ | 2,932 |  |  | $ | (712 | ) |  | $ | (12,552 | ) |  | $ | (17,385 | ) |  | $ | 191 |  |  | $ | (1,098 | ) |  | $ | (18,292 | )
Other comprehensive gain (loss) before reclassifications |  |  | (1,891 | ) |  |  | 560 |  |  |  | (110 | ) |  |  | (1,441 | ) |  |  | (3,541 | ) |  |  | 828 |  |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | (2,735 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,181 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,181 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (98 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (98 | )
Net current period other comprehensive gain (loss) |  |  | (1,891 | ) |  |  | (621 | ) |  |  | (110 | ) |  |  | (2,622 | ) |  |  | (3,541 | ) |  |  | 730 |  |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | (2,833 | )
Ending balance |  | $ | (16,663 | ) |  | $ | 2,311 |  |  | $ | (822 | ) |  | $ | (15,174 | ) |  | $ | (20,926 | ) |  | $ | 921 |  |  | $ | (1,120 | ) |  | $ | (21,125 | )

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|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
|  | Foreign |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Foreign |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Currency |  |  | Derivative |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Currency |  |  | Derivative |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Translation |  |  | Instruments, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Translation |  |  | Instruments, |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) |  | Adjustments |  |  | Net of Tax |  |  | Other |  |  | Total |  |  | Adjustments |  |  | Net of Tax |  |  | Other |  |  | Total |
Beginning balance |  | $ | (15,877 | ) |  | $ | 788 |  |  | $ | (1,144 | ) |  | $ | (16,233 | ) |  | $ | (12,729 | ) |  | $ | (3,372 | ) |  | $ | (1,057 | ) |  | $ | (17,158 | )
Other comprehensive gain (loss) before reclassifications |  |  | (786 | ) |  |  | 3,999 |  |  |  | 322 |  |  |  | 3,535 |  |  |  | (8,197 | ) |  |  | 4,460 |  |  |  | (63 | ) |  |  | (3,800 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,476 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,476 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (167 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (167 | )
Net current period other comprehensive gain (loss) |  |  | (786 | ) |  |  | 1,523 |  |  |  | 322 |  |  |  | 1,059 |  |  |  | (8,197 | ) |  |  | 4,293 |  |  |  | (63 | ) |  |  | (3,967 | )
Ending balance |  | $ | (16,663 | ) |  | $ | 2,311 |  |  | $ | (822 | ) |  | $ | (15,174 | ) |  | $ | (20,926 | ) |  | $ | 921 |  |  | $ | (1,120 | ) |  | $ | (21,125 | )

Unrealized gains and losses relating to derivative instruments, reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, were recognized as a component of cost of sales in the condensed consolidated statements of income, which relate to the Company's forward currency exchange contracts accounted for as cash flow hedges. See Note 14 for further explanation of the change in derivative instruments that is recorded to accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Note 16 – Segment and Geographic Information

The Company currently has manufacturing facilities in the Americas, Asia and Europe to serve its customers. The Company is operated and managed geographically, and management evaluates performance and allocates the Company’s resources on a geographic basis. Intersegment sales are generally recorded at prices that approximate arm’s length transactions. Operating segments’ measure of profitability is based on income from operations. Corporate and intersegment eliminations include (1) corporate expenses not allocated to the Company’s three reportable segments, which are primarily general and administrative expenses such as corporate employee payroll and benefit costs and corporate facility costs, and (2) income from operations on intersegment sales between reportable segments. Corporate functions include legal, finance, tax, treasury, information technology, risk management, human resources, business development and other administrative functions. The accounting policies for the reportable operating segments are the same as for the Company taken as a whole. The Company has three reportable operating segments: Americas, Asia, and Europe. Information about operating segments is as follows:

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|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 399,356 |  |  | $ | 400,905 |  |  | $ | 1,200,783 |  |  | $ | 1,066,760 |
Asia |  |  | 275,163 |  |  |  | 337,726 |  |  |  | 830,056 |  |  |  | 945,434 |
Europe |  |  | 71,412 |  |  |  | 68,400 |  |  |  | 223,857 |  |  |  | 208,591 |
Elimination of intersegment sales |  |  | (26,236 | ) |  |  | (35,456 | ) |  |  | (107,074 | ) |  |  | (85,098 | )
|  | $ | 719,695 |  |  | $ | 771,575 |  |  | $ | 2,147,622 |  |  | $ | 2,135,687 |
Depreciation and amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 5,302 |  |  | $ | 4,895 |  |  | $ | 15,564 |  |  | $ | 14,522 |
Asia |  |  | 2,496 |  |  |  | 2,570 |  |  |  | 7,232 |  |  |  | 7,668 |
Europe |  |  | 806 |  |  |  | 822 |  |  |  | 2,394 |  |  |  | 2,440 |
Corporate |  |  | 2,950 |  |  |  | 2,838 |  |  |  | 8,913 |  |  |  | 8,357 |
|  | $ | 11,554 |  |  | $ | 11,125 |  |  | $ | 34,103 |  |  | $ | 32,987 |
Income from operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 18,278 |  |  | $ | 14,608 |  |  | $ | 45,524 |  |  | $ | 41,094 |
Asia |  |  | 37,526 |  |  |  | 33,662 |  |  |  | 91,908 |  |  |  | 91,320 |
Europe |  |  | 3,945 |  |  |  | 4,880 |  |  |  | 13,991 |  |  |  | 10,526 |
Corporate and intersegment eliminations |  |  | (29,408 | ) |  |  | (27,866 | ) |  |  | (73,859 | ) |  |  | (79,817 | )
|  |  | 30,341 |  |  |  | 25,284 |  |  |  | 77,564 |  |  |  | 63,123 |
Interest expense |  |  | (8,475 | ) |  |  | (3,493 | ) |  |  | (23,183 | ) |  |  | (7,428 | )
Interest income |  |  | 1,343 |  |  |  | 452 |  |  |  | 4,223 |  |  |  | 843 |
Other income, net |  |  | 2,384 |  |  |  | 1,087 |  |  |  | 280 |  |  |  | 1,577 |
Income before income taxes |  | $ | 25,593 |  |  | $ | 23,330 |  |  | $ | 58,884 |  |  | $ | 58,115 |
Capital expenditures: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 6,762 |  |  | $ | 5,495 |  |  | $ | 35,351 |  |  | $ | 20,587 |
Asia |  |  | 10,529 |  |  |  | 1,104 |  |  |  | 21,153 |  |  |  | 7,151 |
Europe |  |  | 1,118 |  |  |  | 590 |  |  |  | 3,911 |  |  |  | 3,839 |
Corporate |  |  | 1,255 |  |  |  | 1,434 |  |  |  | 6,298 |  |  |  | 2,017 |
|  | $ | 19,664 |  |  | $ | 8,623 |  |  | $ | 66,713 |  |  | $ | 33,594 |

|  |  |  |  |  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
(in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Total assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,115,465 |  |  | $ | 1,055,533 |
Asia |  |  |  |  |  |  | 793,215 |  |  |  | 764,164 |
Europe |  |  |  |  |  |  | 202,054 |  |  |  | 183,443 |
Corporate |  |  |  |  |  |  | 222,411 |  |  |  | 224,191 |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,333,145 |  |  | $ | 2,227,331 |

Geographic net sales information provided below reflects the destination of the product shipped. Long-lived assets information is based on the physical location of the asset and includes property, plant and equipment, net, operating lease right-of-use assets, and other long-term assets, net.

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|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Geographic net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 436,842 |  |  | $ | 423,183 |  |  | $ | 1,308,935 |  |  | $ | 1,154,135 |
Singapore |  |  | 96,563 |  |  |  | 126,178 |  |  |  | 294,453 |  |  |  | 348,134 |
Other Asia |  |  | 56,689 |  |  |  | 90,681 |  |  |  | 158,580 |  |  |  | 251,396 |
Europe |  |  | 99,125 |  |  |  | 91,086 |  |  |  | 304,910 |  |  |  | 287,056 |
Other |  |  | 30,476 |  |  |  | 40,447 |  |  |  | 80,744 |  |  |  | 94,966 |
|  | $ | 719,695 |  |  | $ | 771,575 |  |  | $ | 2,147,622 |  |  | $ | 2,135,687 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
(in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Long-lived assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 239,958 |  |  | $ | 249,409 |
Asia |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 80,070 |  |  |  | 68,283 |
Europe |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 30,558 |  |  |  | 29,338 |
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 67,184 |  |  |  | 23,801 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 417,770 |  |  | $ | 370,831 |

Note 17 –Supplemental Cash Flow and Non-Cash Information

The following is additional information concerning supplemental disclosures of cash payments.

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Supplemental cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income taxes paid, net |  | $ | 9,995 |  |  | $ | 8,032 |  |  | $ | 33,323 |  |  | $ | 20,883 |
Interest paid |  |  | 9,392 |  |  |  | 3,264 |  |  |  | 22,437 |  |  |  | 6,807 |
Non-cash investing activity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Additions to property, plant and equipment in accounts payable |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 17,477 |  |  | $ | 21,921 |

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis o f Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The financial information and the discussion below should be read in conjunction with other information, including the condensed consolidated financial statements and Notes thereto in Part I, Item 1 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023 (this Report), consolidated financial statements appearing in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the 2022 10-K), and Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors of the 2022 10-K. In this Report, references to Benchmark, the Company or use of the words “we”, “our” and “us” include Benchmark’s subsidiaries unless otherwise noted.

This Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). These forward-looking statements are identified as any statement that does not relate strictly to historical or current facts and may include words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “forecast,” “strategy,” “position,” “continue,” “estimate,” “expect,” “may,” “will,” “could,” “predict,” and similar expressions or the negative or other variations thereof. In particular, statements, express or implied, concerning the Company’s expectations relating to current supply chain and labor constraints, global geopolitical events (such as Russia's invasion of Ukraine, U.S. tensions with China and the Israel-Hamas war), continuing inflationary pressures, the effects of foreign currency fluctuations and high interest rates, future operating results or margins, the ability to generate sales and income or cash flow, expected revenue mix, the Company’s business strategy and strategic initiatives, the Company’s repurchases of shares of its common stock and the Company’s intentions concerning the payment of dividends, among others, are forward-looking statements. Although the Company believes these statements are based on and derived from reasonable assumptions, they involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are beyond the Company’s ability to control or predict, relating to operations, markets and the business environment generally, including those discussed under Part I, Item 1A of the 2022 10-K and in any of the Company’s subsequent reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC). Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual outcomes, including the future results of our operations, may vary materially from those indicated. Undue reliance should not be placed on any forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. All forward-looking statements included in this Report are based upon information available to the Company as of the date of this Report, and the Company assumes no obligation to update this Report.

OVERVIEW

We are a worldwide provider of advanced manufacturing services (both electronic manufacturing services and precision technology services), which include design and engineering services and technology solutions.

From initial product concept to volume production, including direct order fulfillment and aftermarket services, Benchmark has been providing integrated services and solutions to original equipment manufacturers since 1979. Today, Benchmark proudly serves the following industries: aerospace and defense (A&D), medical technologies, complex industrials, semiconductor capital equipment (Semi-Cap), next-generation communications and advanced computing.

Our customer engagement focuses on three principal areas:

•
Manufacturing Services, which include printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs) using both traditional surface mount technologies (SMT) and microelectronics, subsystem assembly, system build and integration. System builds and integration often involve building a finished assembly that includes PCBAs, complex subsystem assemblies, mechatronics, displays, mechanicals, and other components. These final products may be configured to order and delivered directly to the end-customer across all the industries we serve. Manufacturing services also includes precision technology services comprised of precision machining, advanced metal joining and welding, cleaning, assembly and functional testing primarily for the Semi-Cap (serving semiconductor capital equipment customers) and A&D markets.
•
Design & Engineering Services, which include design for manufacturability, design optimization for our factory processes and supply chain, and test development, concurrent and sustaining engineering, turnkey product design and regulatory services. Our engineering services may be for systems, sub-systems, printed circuit boards and assemblies, and components. We have the flexibility and capability to engage anywhere in the customers' design process flow. We provide these services across all the industries we serve.
•
Technology Solutions, which involve developing a library of building blocks or reference designs primarily in defense solutions, surveillance systems, radio frequency (RF) subsystems, and front-end managed connected data collection systems. We often partner with our customers to merge these solutions utilizing our engineering services to provide turnkey product development from requirements through the launch to volume production into our factories. Our building blocks can be utilized across a variety of industries, but we have significant focus and capabilities in the A&D, medical, next generation communications and the complex industrials markets. We have also developed differentiated capabilities in RF and high-speed design for both components and substrates. The need to improve size, weight, and power (SWaP) to

22

accommodate high frequency electronics communications is important to customers in the A&D, medical and next generation communications markets.

Our core strength lies in our ability to partner with our customers to provide concept-to-production solutions through a tightly integrated and seamless set of design, test, manufacturing, supply chain and support services. The integration of these product realization services along with our global manufacturing presence increases our ability to respond to our customers’ needs by providing accelerated time-to-market and time-to-volume production of high-quality products – especially for complex products with lower volume and higher mix in regulated markets with higher reliability requirements. These capabilities enable us to build strong strategic relationships with our customers and to become an integral part of their business.

We believe our primary competitive advantage is our ability to engage with our customers at any point in their product development to production process by providing our leading edge technical capabilities in engineering services (including full life cycle from product design in which we can take a product idea from concept to design to volume manufacturing), technology solutions (especially high frequency RF solutions, microelectronics, and miniaturization), and manufacturing services (including electronics and complex precision machining capabilities) provided by highly skilled personnel. We also have diversified end market and regulated market experience in our targeted sectors. To support customers across these sectors, we have strategically invested in global supply chain design and execution capabilities.

In addition, we believe that a strong focus on human capital through the talent we hire and retain is critical to maintaining our competitiveness. Our culture is customer-centric, centered on accountability and ownership of process improvement to exceed customer expectations and deliver financial performance aligned to our goals. Through our employee engagement and customer satisfaction feedback processes, we continuously solicit and act upon information to improve our Company and better support our customers and business processes. We have invested in attracting and developing leadership throughout the organization and are committed to diversity and inclusion in our efforts to develop an innovative and forward-thinking workforce.

Our customers often face challenges in designing supply chains, demand planning, procuring materials and managing their inventories efficiently due to fluctuations in their customer demand, product design changes, short product life cycles and component price fluctuations.

We employ enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and lean manufacturing principles to manage procurement and manufacturing processes in an efficient and cost-effective manner so that, where possible, components arrive on a just-in-time, as-and-when-needed basis. Because we are a significant purchaser of electronic components and other raw materials, we are generally able to capitalize on the economies of scale associated with our relationships with suppliers to negotiate price discounts, obtain components and other raw materials that are in short supply, and return excess components. Utilizing our agility and expertise in supply chain management and our relationships with suppliers across the supply chain, we strive to help reduce our customers’ cost of goods sold and inventory exposure. However, due to global labor and supply disruptions, we continue to see component supply chain constraints across all commodity categories that are constraining our ability to produce the full demand forecasts we are receiving from customers.

We recognize manufacturing services revenue as the customer takes control of the manufactured products built to customer specifications. We also generate revenue from our design, development and engineering services, in addition to the sale of other inventory.

Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer. Under the majority of our manufacturing contracts with customers, the customer controls all of the work-in-progress as products are being built. Revenues under these contracts are recognized progressively based on the cost-to-cost method. For other manufacturing contracts, the customer does not take control of the product until it is completed. Under these contracts, we recognize revenue upon transfer of control of the product to the customer, which is generally when the goods are shipped. Revenue from design, development and engineering services is recognized over time as the services are performed. As a general matter, we assume no significant obligations after shipment as we typically warrant workmanship only. Therefore, the warranty provisions are generally not significant.

COVID Pandemic Update

The COVID pandemic affected the Company’s operations in 2022. We continue to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic and actively assess potential implications to our business, supply chain, customer fulfillment sites, support operations and customer demand. We are also continuing to take appropriate measures to protect the health and safety of our employees and to create and maintain a safe working environment. While the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have been decreasing, if the COVID-19 pandemic or other widespread contagious disease, or adverse effects therefrom, become more severe or prevalent in the future or are prolonged in the locations where we, our customers, suppliers or contract manufacturers conduct business, or we experience more pronounced

23

disruptions in our operations, or in economic activity and demand generally, our business and results of operations in future periods could be materially adversely affected.

See "2022 Overview" under Part II, Item 7 of the 2022 10-K and "Risk Factors-Shortages or price increases of components specified by our customers have delayed and are expected to continue delaying shipments and may adversely affect our profitability" in Part I, Item 1A of the 2022 10-K for additional information.

Third Quarter 2023 Highlights

Sales for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were $719.7 million, a 7% decrease from sales of $771.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022. During the third quarter of 2023, sales to customers in our various industry sectors fluctuated from the third quarter of 2022 as follows:

 Industrials decreased by 1%,

 A&D increased by 16%,

 Medical decreased by 10%,

 Semi-Cap decreased by 11%,

 Advanced Computing decreased by 30%, and

 Next Generation Communications increased by 3%.

The overall revenue decrease was primarily due to a decrease in Advanced Computing due to the completion of a high performance computing program, partially offset by an increase in A&D. See "Results of Operations — Sales" discussion below.

Our sales depend on the success of our customers, some of which operate in businesses associated with rapid technological change and consequent product obsolescence. Developments adverse to our major customers or their products, the availability of electronic component supply, or the failure of a major customer to pay for components or services, have adversely affected us. A substantial percentage of our sales are made to a small number of customers, and the loss of a major customer, if not replaced, would adversely affect us. Sales to our ten largest customers represented 52% and 53% of our total sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Due to global labor and supply disruptions, we continue to see component supply chain constraints across commodity categories that are constraining our ability to produce the full demand forecasts we are receiving from customers. Lead times are improving from previous highs but continue to be elongated from historical levels and many suppliers continue to categorize some of their constrained components with non-cancelable and non-returnable business terms. Though we have seen the easing of certain material constraints, last-minute allocations created inefficiencies in our operations, as well as increased costs to us and our customers.

We experience fluctuations in gross profit from period to period. Different programs contribute different gross profits depending on the type of services involved, location of production, size of the program, complexity of the product and level of material costs associated with the various products. Moreover, new programs can contribute relatively less to our gross profit in their early stages when manufacturing volumes are usually lower, resulting in inefficiencies and unabsorbed manufacturing overhead costs. During periods of low production volume, we generally have unabsorbed manufacturing overhead costs and reduced gross profit. Gross profit can also be impacted by higher costs associated with other situations, such as supply chain constraints. This includes supply chain premiums for excess component costs paid to secure available supply resulting in revenue with cost recovery only with no margin. In addition, a number of our new program ramps require incremental investment during the launch and ramp phase which can exert downward pressure on our gross profit.

We have undertaken initiatives to restructure our business operations with the intention of improving utilization and reducing costs. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recognized $5.2 million of restructuring and other costs due to expenses associated with various site closures and restructuring activities. See "Restructuring Charges and Other Costs".

Inflation, disruption in the global economy and financial markets and geopolitical events continue to create uncertainty. However, we are not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require updates to our estimates or judgments or require us to revise the carrying value of our assets or liabilities as of the date we filed this Report. These estimates may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained. Actual results could differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table presents the percentage relationship that certain items in our condensed consolidated statements of income bear on sales for the periods indicated.

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Sales |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | %
Cost of sales |  |  | 90.4 |  |  |  | 91.3 |  |  |  | 90.7 |  |  |  | 91.4 |
Gross profit |  |  | 9.6 |  |  |  | 8.7 |  |  |  | 9.3 |  |  |  | 8.6 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | 4.9 |  |  |  | 5.0 |  |  |  | 5.2 |  |  |  | 5.2 |
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.2 |
Restructuring charges and other costs |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | 0.2 |
Income from operations |  |  | 4.2 |  |  |  | 3.3 |  |  |  | 3.6 |  |  |  | 3.0 |
Other expense, net |  |  | (0.7 | ) |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  |  | (0.9 | ) |  |  | (0.3 | )
Income before income taxes |  |  | 3.6 |  |  |  | 3.0 |  |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  | 2.7 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | 0.6 |  |  |  | 0.6 |  |  |  | 0.5 |
Net income |  |  | 2.8 | % |  |  | 2.4 | % |  |  | 2.2 | % |  |  | 2.2 | %

Sales

As noted above, sales for the third quarter of 2023 decreased 7% from the same quarter in 2022.

Sales are analyzed by management by industry sector and by geographic segment, which reflects our reportable segments. Our global business development strategy is based on our targeted industry sectors. Management measures operational performance and allocates resources on a geographic segment basis.

Sales by industry sector were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Industrials |  | $ | 153,641 |  |  | $ | 155,278 |  |  | $ | 464,004 |  |  | $ | 451,260 |
A&D |  |  | 99,687 |  |  |  | 86,238 |  |  |  | 259,266 |  |  |  | 257,322 |
Medical |  |  | 149,130 |  |  |  | 165,546 |  |  |  | 431,115 |  |  |  | 448,653 |
Semi-Cap |  |  | 165,254 |  |  |  | 186,325 |  |  |  | 477,830 |  |  |  | 544,661 |
Advanced Computing |  |  | 65,724 |  |  |  | 94,562 |  |  |  | 243,103 |  |  |  | 218,254 |
Next Generation Communications |  |  | 86,259 |  |  |  | 83,626 |  |  |  | 272,304 |  |  |  | 215,537 |
Total |  | $ | 719,695 |  |  | $ | 771,575 |  |  | $ | 2,147,622 |  |  | $ | 2,135,687 |

Industrials. Third quarter of 2023 sales decreased 1% to $153.6 million from $155.3 million in the third quarter of 2022. Sales during the first nine months of 2023 increased 3% to $464.0 million from $451.3 million in the same period of 2022. The increase in the nine month period was primarily due to new customer ramps, specifically in energy efficiency devices.

Aerospace and Defense. Third quarter of 2023 sales increased 16% to $99.7 million from $86.2 million in the third quarter of 2022. Sales during the first nine months of 2023 increased 1% to $259.3 million from $257.3 million in the same period of 2022. The increases were due to strength in both Defense and Commercial Aerospace and improved supply availability.

Medical. Third quarter of 2023 sales decreased 10% to $149.1 million from $165.5 million in the third quarter of 2022. Sales during the first nine months of 2023 decreased to $431.1 million from $448.7 million in the same period of 2022. The decreases were primarily due to reductions in revenue from supply chain premiums partially offset by increases in existing programs and new programs ramping as supply availability has improved.

Semiconductor Capital Equipment. Third quarter of 2023 sales decreased 11% to $165.3 million from $186.3 million in the third quarter of 2022. Sales during the first nine months of 2023 decreased 12% to $477.8 million from $544.7 million in the same period of 2022. The decreases were primarily due to lower demand with existing customers.

Advanced Computing. Third quarter of 2023 sales decreased 30% to $65.7 million from $94.6 million in the third quarter of 2022. The decrease was primarily due to the completion of multiple high performance computing programs. Sales during the first nine

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months of 2023 increased 11% to $243.1 million from $218.3 million in the same period of 2022. The increase was primarily due to the contribution from multiple high performance computing programs completed during the period.

Next Generation Communications. Third quarter of 2023 sales increased 3% to $86.3 million from $83.6 million in the third quarter of 2022. Sales during the first nine months of 2023 increased 26% to $272.3 million from $215.5 million in the same period of 2022. The increases were primarily due to growth in broadband infrastructure programs.

Our international operations are subject to the risks of doing business abroad. See Part I, Item 1A of our 2022 10-K for factors pertaining to our international sales, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and a discussion of potential adverse effects in operating results associated with the risks of doing business abroad. During the third quarter of 2023 and 2022, 60% and 61%, respectively, of our sales were from international operations.

Sales by geographic segment were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 399,356 |  |  | $ | 400,905 |  |  | $ | 1,200,783 |  |  | $ | 1,066,760 |
Asia |  |  | 275,163 |  |  |  | 337,726 |  |  |  | 830,056 |  |  |  | 945,434 |
Europe |  |  | 71,412 |  |  |  | 68,400 |  |  |  | 223,857 |  |  |  | 208,591 |
Elimination of intersegment sales: |  |  | (26,236 | ) |  |  | (35,456 | ) |  |  | (107,074 | ) |  |  | (85,098 | )
Total net sales |  | $ | 719,695 |  |  | $ | 771,575 |  |  | $ | 2,147,622 |  |  | $ | 2,135,687 |

Americas. Third quarter of 2023 sales were consistent with the third quarter of 2022. Sales during the first nine months of 2023 increased 13% to $1.2 billion from $1.1 billion in the same period of 2022. The increase in the nine month period was due to increased demand from existing customers and new customer ramps, offsetting decreased revenue from supply chain premiums.

Asia. Third quarter of 2023 sales decreased 19% to $275.2 million from $337.7 million in the same quarter in 2022. Sales during the first nine months of 2023 decreased 19% to $830.1 million from $945.4 million in the same period of 2022. The decreases were primarily due to reductions in revenue from supply chain premiums partially offset by increases in existing programs and new programs ramping.

Europe. Third quarter of 2023 sales increased 4% to $71.4 million from $68.4 million in the third quarter of 2022. Sales during the first nine months of 2023 increased 7% to $223.9 million from $208.6 million in the same period of 2022. The increases were primarily due to increasing demand with existing customers.

Gross Profit

Gross profit increased 3% to $69.1 million in the third quarter of 2023 from $66.8 million in the same quarter in 2022. Gross profit increased 9% to $200.1 million in the first nine months of 2023 from $183.1 million in the same period of 2022. Gross profit increased primarily due to operational efficiencies.

Operating Income

Third quarter of 2023 operating income increased 20% to $30.3 million from $25.3 million in the third quarter of 2022. Operating income increased 23% to $77.6 million in the first nine months of 2023 from $63.1 million in the same period of 2022. The increases were primarily due to an increase in gross profit offsetting an increase in SG&A and restructuring expense.

Operating income by reportable segment was as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 18,278 |  |  | $ | 14,608 |  |  | $ | 45,524 |  |  | $ | 41,094 |
Asia |  |  | 37,526 |  |  |  | 33,662 |  |  |  | 91,908 |  |  |  | 91,320 |
Europe |  |  | 3,945 |  |  |  | 4,880 |  |  |  | 13,991 |  |  |  | 10,526 |
Corporate and other costs |  |  | (29,408 | ) |  |  | (27,866 | ) |  |  | (73,859 | ) |  |  | (79,817 | )
Total operating income |  | $ | 30,341 |  |  | $ | 25,284 |  |  | $ | 77,564 |  |  | $ | 63,123 |

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Americas. Third quarter of 2023 operating income increased 25% to $18.3 million from $14.6 million in the same quarter in 2022. Operating income during the first nine months of 2023 increased 11% to $45.5 million from $41.1 million in the same period of 2022. The increases were primarily due to higher revenue and improved gross profit.

Asia. Third quarter of 2023 operating income increased 11% to $37.5 million from $33.7 million in the third quarter of 2022. Operating income during the first nine months of 2023 increased 1% to $91.9 million from $91.3 million in the same period of 2022. The increases were primarily due to revenue mix.

Europe. Third quarter of 2023 operating income decreased 6% to $3.9 million from $4.9 million in the third quarter of 2022. The decrease was primarily due to operational inefficiencies, despite higher revenue. Operating income during the first nine months of 2023 increased 7% to $14.0 million from $10.5 million in the same period of 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher revenue and lower cost of material content.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

SG&A decreased to $35.5 million in the third quarter of 2023 from $38.5 million in the third quarter of 2022. The decrease in the third quarter was primarily due to lower variable compensation. SG&A increased to $111.4 million in the first nine months of 2023 from $110.7 million in the same period of 2022. The increase in the nine month period was primarily due to a net increase in variable compensation.

Amortization of Intangible Assets

Amortization of intangible assets was $1.6 million in both the third quarter of 2023 and 2022. Amortization of intangibles was $4.8 million in both of the first nine months of 2023 and 2022.

Restructuring Charges and Other Costs

During the third quarter and first nine months of 2023, we recognized $1.4 million and $5.2 million of restructuring charges, respectively, primarily due to expenses associated with announced site closures or exits, reductions in work force and other restructuring activities primarily in the Americas. Additionally, during the second quarter of 2023, the Company made the decision to no longer continue certain manufacturing capabilities in the Americas. In connection with that decision, the Company assessed the facility and equipment assets used in those manufacturing capabilities using valuation information from third parties and recorded $1.1 million of impairment charges as a result of that assessment during the first nine months of 2023. The asset impairment charges are included in the restructuring charges and other costs line item on the condensed consolidated statements of income.

During the third quarter and first nine months of 2022, we recognized $1.3 million and $4.9 million of restructuring charges, respectively, primarily due to expenses associated with announced site closures or exits, reductions in workforce and other restructuring activities primarily in the Americas. During the first nine months of 2022, we also incurred a $2.0 million loss on assets held for sale related to certain manufacturing capabilities in the Americas that the Company made the decision in 2021 to no longer continue and a gain on assets held for sale of $2.4 million related to the sale of the Angleton, Texas facility.

See Note 12 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Report for additional information on our restructuring charges.

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased to $8.5 million in the third quarter of 2023 from $3.5 million in the third quarter of 2022. Interest expense increased to $23.2 million in the first nine months of 2023 from $7.4 million in the same period of 2022. The increases were primarily due to higher interest rates and increased borrowings under our revolving credit facility to support investment in working capital.

Interest Income

Interest income increased to $1.3 million in the third quarter of 2023 from $0.5 million in the third quarter of 2022. Interest income increased to $4.2 million in the first nine months of 2023 from $0.8 million in the same period of 2022. The increases were primarily due to higher interest rates.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense of $5.2 million represented a 20.2% effective tax rate for the third quarter of 2023, compared with $4.5 million in the third quarter of 2022 representing an effective tax rate of 19.3%. The differences between the effective tax rates for the third quarter of 2023 compared to the third quarter of 2022 is related to the mix of profits in our various jurisdictions. Income tax expense

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of $12.1 million represented a 20.6% effective tax rate for the first nine months of 2023, compared with $11.1 million in the same period of 2022 representing an effective tax rate of 19.1%. The differences between the effective tax rates for first nine months of 2023 compared to 2022 is related to the mix of profits in our various jurisdictions.

We have been granted certain tax incentives, including tax holidays, for our subsidiaries in China and Thailand that will expire at various dates, unless extended or otherwise renegotiated, through 2023 in China and 2030 in Thailand. See Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Report.

Net Income

We reported a net income of $20.4 million, or $0.57 per diluted share, for the third quarter of 2023, compared with a net income of $18.8 million, or $0.53 per diluted share, for the third quarter of 2022. We reported a net income of $46.8 million, or $1.30 per diluted share, for the first nine months of 2023, compared with a net income of $47.0 million, or $1.32 per diluted share, for the same period of 2022. The changes were primarily the result of the items discussed above.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

We have historically financed our organic growth and operations through funds generated from operations and borrowings under our Credit Agreement (as defined below). Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash totaled $260.8 million at September 30, 2023 and $207.4 million at December 31, 2022, of which $238.0 million and $167.7 million, respectively, was held outside the U.S. in various foreign subsidiaries.

Cash provided from operating activities was $37.2 million during the first nine months of 2023. This increase in cash from operations primarily consisted of net income of $46.8 million adjusted for $34.1 million of depreciation and amortization, $12.3 million of stock-based compensation expense and a $12.9 million decrease in accounts receivable, partially offset by a $6.5 million increase in contract assets, a $14.4 million increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets, a $24.4 million decrease in accounts payable, an $8.9 million decrease in advanced payments from customers and a $14.2 million decrease in accrued liabilities. Working capital was $1.0 billion at September 30, 2023 and $0.9 billion at December 31, 2022.

We primarily purchase components only after customer orders or forecasts are received, which mitigates, but does not eliminate, the risk of loss on inventories. Supplies of electronic components and other materials used in operations are subject to industry-wide shortages. In certain instances, suppliers may allocate available quantities to us. When shortages of these components and other material supplies used in operations have occurred, vendors have at times been unable to ship the quantities we need for production, forcing us to delay shipments, which can increase backorders and impact cash flows. Vendors also may increase the costs of components based on the market conditions including these shortages. In certain instances, we request and receive advance payments from customers as prepayments of inventory to meet working capital demands of a contract, offset inventory risks such as inventory purchased in advance of current needs and protect the Company from the failure of other parties to fulfill obligations under a contract. For example, we have been impacted by supply chain constraints, including shortages, longer lead times and increased transit times.

Cash used in investing activities was $66.1 million during the first nine months of 2023 primarily due to purchases of additional property, plant and equipment totaling $64.0 million and purchased software of $2.7 million. The purchases of property, plant and equipment were primarily for machinery and equipment in the Americas.

Cash provided by financing activities was $83.9 million during the first nine months of 2023. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement were $614.5 million. Principal payments under the Credit Agreement totaled $507.0 million, dividends paid totaled $17.6 million and employee taxes paid for with shares withheld totaled $5.8 million.

On December 21, 2021, the Company amended and restated the Company’s prior $650 million credit agreement by entering into a $381 million amended and restated credit agreement (the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement). Under the terms of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, in addition to the $131.3 million term loan facility, we have a $250.0 million five-year revolving credit facility to be used for general corporate purposes, both with a maturity date of December 21, 2026. On May 20, 2022, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 (the Amendment) to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (as amended, the Credit Agreement). The Amendment, among other things, increased the revolving credit facility commitments from $250 million to $450 million. On February 3, 2023, the Company entered into Amendment No. 2 to the Credit Agreement which increases the maximum amount of trade accounts that the Company may elect to sell at any one time to $200.0 million. On May 1, 2023, the Company entered into Amendment No. 3 to the Credit Agreement (Amendment No. 3). Amendment No. 3 increased the revolving credit facility commitments from $450 million to $550 million. Amendment No. 3 also established that the interest on outstanding borrowings starting on the next reset date and any new borrowings under Amendment No. 3 (other than swingline loans) will accrue, at the Company’s option, at (a) Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus 0.10% plus the Applicable Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement, approximately 1.00% to 2.00% per annum depending on various factors) or (b) for U.S. Dollar denominated loans, the base rate (which is the highest of (i) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (ii) the Bank of America, N.A. prime rate, (iii) Term SOFR plus 1.00% and (iv) 1.00%). The Credit Agreement includes an accordion feature pursuant to which the Company is permitted to add one or more incremental term loans and/or increase commitments under the revolving credit facility in an aggregate amount of $100 million or a higher amount, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions and exceptions. As of September 30, 2023, we had $128.8 million in borrowings outstanding under the term loan facility, $305.0 million in borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility, and $4.4 million in letters of credit outstanding under our revolving credit facility. Under the revolving credit facility, $240.6 million remains available for future borrowings, subject to compliance with financial covenants as to interest coverage and debt leverage, in addition to other debt covenant restrictions. See Note 5 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Report for more information regarding the terms of the Credit Agreement.

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The Credit Agreement contains certain financial covenants related to interest coverage and debt leverage, and certain customary affirmative and negative covenants, including restrictions on our ability to incur additional debt and liens, pay dividends, repurchase shares, sell assets and merge or consolidate with other persons. Amounts due under the Credit Agreement could be accelerated upon specified events of default, including a failure to pay amounts due, breach of a covenant, material inaccuracy of a representation, or occurrence of bankruptcy or insolvency, subject, in some cases, to cure periods. As of September 30, 2023, we were in compliance with all of these covenants and restrictions.

Our operations, and the operations of businesses we acquire, are subject to certain foreign, federal, state and local regulatory requirements relating to environmental, waste management, health and safety matters. We believe we operate in substantial compliance with all applicable requirements and we seek to ensure that newly acquired businesses comply or will comply substantially with applicable requirements. To date, the costs of compliance and workplace and environmental remediation have not been material to us. However, material costs and liabilities may arise from these requirements or from new, modified or more stringent requirements in the future. In addition, our past, current and future operations, and the operations of businesses we have or may acquire, may give rise to claims of exposure by employees or the public, or to other claims or liabilities relating to environmental, waste management or health and safety concerns.

As of September 30, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, totaling $260.8 million and $240.6 million available for borrowings under the Credit Agreement, subject to compliance with financial covenants as to interest coverage and debt leverage, in addition to other debt covenant restrictions.

During the next 12 months, we believe our capital expenditures will approximate $65 million to $75 million, principally for machinery and equipment to help increase our production capacity to support anticipated revenue growth and our ongoing business around the globe.

On March 6, 2018, our Board of Directors approved an expanded stock repurchase program granting us the authority to repurchase up to $250 million in shares of the Company’s common stock in addition to the $100 million approved on December 7, 2015. On February 19, 2020 and October 26, 2021, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional $150 million and $100 million, respectively, of shares of the Company’s common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we had no share repurchases. As of September 30, 2023, we had $154.6 million remaining under our share repurchase program. We are under no commitment or obligation to repurchase any particular amount of shares of the Company’s common stock.

The Company began declaring and paying quarterly dividends during the first quarter of 2018. In February 2020, the Board of Directors approved a quarterly dividend increase, raising the quarterly dividend from $0.15 to $0.16 per common share. In May 2021, the Board of Directors approved another quarterly dividend increase, raising the quarterly dividend from $0.16 to $0.165 per common share. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, cash dividends paid totaled $17.6 million and $17.4 million, respectively. On September 11, 2023, the Company declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.165 per share of the Company’s common stock to shareholders of record as of September 29, 2023. The dividend was paid on October 13, 2023. The Board of Directors currently intends to continue paying quarterly dividends. However, the Company’s future dividend policy is subject to the Company’s compliance with applicable law, and depends on, among other things, the Company’s results of operations, financial condition, level of indebtedness, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, restrictions in the Company’s debt agreements, and other factors that the Board of Directors may deem relevant. Dividend payments are not mandatory or guaranteed; there can be no assurance that the Company will continue to pay a dividend in the future.

Management believes that our existing cash balances, funds generated from operations, and borrowing availability under our revolving credit facility will be sufficient to permit us to meet our liquidity requirements over the next 12 months. Management further believes that our ongoing cash flows from operations and any borrowings we may incur under our revolving credit facility will enable us to meet operating cash requirements in future years. If we consummated significant acquisitions in the future, our capital needs would increase and could possibly result in our need to increase available borrowings under our Credit Agreement or access public or private debt and equity markets. There can be no assurance, however, that we would be successful in raising additional debt or equity on acceptable terms.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

We have certain contractual obligations for operating and capital leases that were summarized in "Contractual Obligations" under Part II, Item 7 in our 2022 10-K. Other than items discussed in Note 6 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Report, there have been no material changes to our contractual obligations, outside of the ordinary course of our business, since December 31, 2022.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES AND RECENTLY ENACTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES

Management’s discussion and analysis is based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. See Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Report for a discussion of recently enacted accounting principles. Also, our significant accounting policies are summarized in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2022 10-K. There have been no changes to the items disclosed as critical accounting estimates in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of our 2022 10-K.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitat ive Disclosures About Market Risk

Our international sales comprise a significant portion of our net sales. We are exposed to risks associated with operating internationally, including:

•
Foreign currency exchange risk;
•
Import and export duties, taxes and regulatory changes;
•
Inflationary economies or currencies; and
•
Economic and political instability.

Additionally, some of our operations are in developing countries. Certain events, including natural disasters, can impact the infrastructure of a developing country more severely than they would impact the infrastructure of a developed country. A developing country can also take longer to recover from such events, which could lead to delays in our ability to resume full operations.

We transact business in various foreign countries and are subject to foreign currency fluctuation risks. We use natural hedging and forward contracts to economically hedge transactional exposure primarily associated with trade accounts receivable, other receivables, trade accounts payable, and lease liabilities that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the respective operating entity. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. Certain forward currency exchange contracts in place as of September 30, 2023 have not been designated as accounting hedges and, therefore, changes in fair value are recorded within our condensed consolidated statements of income.

The Company enters into forward currency exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges of forecasted foreign currency expenses. Changes in the fair value of the derivatives are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the condensed consolidated balance sheets until earnings are affected by the variability of the cash flows.

Our sales are substantially denominated in U.S. dollars. Our foreign currency cash flows are generated in certain European and Asian countries and Mexico.

We are also exposed to market risk for changes in interest rates on our financial instruments, a portion of which relates to our invested cash balances. We do not use derivative financial instruments in our investing activities. We place cash and cash equivalents and investments with various major financial institutions. We protect our invested principal funds by limiting default risk, market risk and reinvestment risk. We mitigate default risk by generally investing in investment-grade securities.

We are also exposed to interest rate risk on borrowings under our Credit Agreement. As of September 30, 2023, we had $128.8 million outstanding on the floating rate term loan facility, and we have an interest rate swap agreement with a notional amount of $128.0 million and a fixed interest rate of 4.039%. Under this swap agreement, we receive variable rate interest rate payments and pay fixed rate interest payments. The effect of this swap is to convert a portion of our floating rate interest expense to fixed interest rate expense. The interest rate swap is designated as a cash flow hedge.

For additional information regarding our forward currency exchange contracts and interest rate swap agreement, see Note 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Report.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this Report, the Company’s management (with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO)) conducted an evaluation pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this Report, such disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported

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within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the last fiscal quarter covered by this Report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

We are currently upgrading our ERP system, which is expected to occur in phases over the next several years. We have completed the implementation of the upgrades at certain of the Company’s locations and have revised and updated the related controls. These changes did not materially affect our internal control over financial reporting. As we implement the upgrades of this ERP system at the remaining locations over the next several years, we will continue to assess the impact on our internal control over financial reporting.

A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple errors or mistakes. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by individuals’ acts, by collusion of two or more people, or by management overriding the control. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, a control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Lega l Proceedings

We are involved in various legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Information about our legal proceedings is included in Note 11 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Report and is incorporated by reference herein. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Item 1A. Ri sk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our 2022 10-K.

I tem 2. Unregistered Sales of Equi ty Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

(c) The following table provides information for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 about the Company’s repurchases of its equity securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (d)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Maximum
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (c) |  |  | Number (or
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total Number of |  |  | Approximate
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Shares (or Units) |  |  | Dollar Value) of
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Purchased as |  |  | Shares (or Units)
|  | (a) |  |  | (b) |  |  | Part of Publicly |  |  | that May Yet Be
|  | Total Number of |  |  | Average Price |  |  | Announced |  |  | Purchased Under
|  | Shares (or Units) |  |  | Paid per Share |  |  | Plans or |  |  | the Plans or
Period |  | Purchased |  |  | (or Unit) |  |  | Programs |  |  | Programs (1)
July 1 to 31, 2023 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $154.6 million
August 1 to 31, 2023 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $154.6 million
September 1 to 30, 2023 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $154.6 million
Total |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |

(1) On October 30, 2018, the Company announced that the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of $100 million of shares of the Company’s common stock in addition to the $250 million previously announced on March 7, 2018. On February 24, 2020, the Company announced that the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional $150 million of shares of the Company’s common stock. Net of shares repurchased through September 30, 2023, the total remaining authorization outstanding as of September 30, 2023 is $154.6 million. Stock purchases may be made in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions or block transactions, at the discretion of the Company’s management and as market conditions warrant. Purchases are funded from available cash and may be commenced, suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice. Shares of stock repurchased under the program are retired.

I tem 5. Other Information

Rule 10b5-1 Plan Adoptions and Modifications

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, no director or officer adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number |  |
| Description of Exhibit
3.1 |  | Restated Certificate of Formation dated May 17, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 17, 2016) (the 8-K) (Commission file number 1-10560)
3.2 |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company dated December 2, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 7, 2020 (Commission file number 1-10560))
4.1 |  | Specimen form of certificate evidencing the Common Shares (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014) (Commission file number 1-10560)
31.1 (1) |  | Section 302 Certification of Chief Executive Officer
31.2 (1) |  | Section 302 Certification of Chief Financial Officer
32.1 (2) |  | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer
32.2 (2) |  | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer
101.INS (1) |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH (1) |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL (1) |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF (1) |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB (1) |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE (1) |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 (1) |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document (included in Exhibit 101)

(1) Filed herewith

(2) Furnished herewith

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SIGNAT URES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized on November 1, 2023.

| BENCHMARK ELECTRONICS, INC.
| (Registrant)
| By: |  | /s/ Jeffrey W. Benck
|  |  | Jeffrey W. Benck
|  |  | President and Chief Executive Officer
|  |  | (Principal Executive Officer)
| By: |  | /s/ Roop K. Lakkaraju
|  |  | Roop K. Lakkaraju
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer
|  |  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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