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Stock Compensation Plans | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract] |
Stock Compensation Plans | Stock Compensation Plans The Company's 2014 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan, dated February 28, 2014 and subsequently approved by Shareholders on May 2, 2014 (the "2014 LT Plan") is authorized to issue up to 1,750,000 shares of common stock as options, share appreciation rights, restricted shares and units, performance shares and units and other stock or cash-based awards. Approximately 808,000 shares remain available for issuance at December 31, 2016. Stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based compensation awards are based on the grant-date fair value. The Company recognizes these compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. Total compensation expense recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income for all stock compensation programs was $7.0 million, $1.9 million and $8.6 million in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Stock Only Stock Appreciation Rights (“SOSARs”) SOSARs granted to directors and management personnel under the LT Plan beginning in 2008 have a term of five years and have three year graded vesting. SOSARs granted under the LT Plan are structured as fixed grants with the exercise price equal to the market value of the underlying stock on the date of the grant. The related expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period. Beginning in 2011, the Company replaced the SOSAR equity awards with full value Restricted Stock Awards (“RSAs”). No SOSAR equity awards have been granted since 2010. No SOSAR equity awards remain outstanding as of December 31, 2016. A summary of activity related to SOSARs is included below:
| Year ended December 31,
(in thousands) | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Total intrinsic value of SOSARs exercised | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,193 |
Total fair value of shares vested | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
As of December 31, 2016, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to SOSARs granted under the LT Plan. Non-Qualified Stock Options ("Options") The Company granted non-qualified stock options during 2015 under the 2014 LT Plan, upon the hiring of our new Chief Executive Officer. The options have a term of seven years and have three year annual graded vesting. The fair value of the options was estimated at the date of grant under the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions. Expected volatility was estimated based on the historical volatility of the Company's common shares over the 5.5 years prior to the grant date. The average expected life was based on the contractual term of the plan. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury Strips available with maturity period consistent with the expected life. Forfeitures are estimated at the date of grant based on historical experience.
| 2015
Risk free interest rate | 1.80 | %
Dividend yield | 1.58 | %
Volatility factor of the expected market price of the common shares | 0.35 |
Expected life for the options (in years) | 5.50 |
A reconciliation of the number of Options outstanding and exercisable under the 2014 LT Plan as of December 31, 2016, and changes during the period then ended is as follows:
| Shares (000's) |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (000's)
Options outstanding at January 1, 2016 | 325 |  |  | $ | 35.40 |  |  |  |  |
Options granted | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Options exercised | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Options cancelled / forfeited | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Options outstanding at December 31, 2016 | 325 |  |  | $ | 35.40 |  |  | 5.84 |  | $ | 3,023 |
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2016 | 323 |  |  | $ | 35.40 |  |  | 5.84 |  | $ | 3,002 |
Options exercisable at December 31, 2016 | 108 |  |  | $ | 35.40 |  |  | 5.84 |  | $ | 1,008 |
| Year ended December 31,
(in thousands) | 2016
Total intrinsic value of Options exercised | $ | — |
Total fair value of shares vested | $ | 1,123 |
Weighted average fair value of Options granted | $ | — |
As of December 31, 2016, there was $1.1 million unrecognized compensation cost related to Options granted under the 2014 LT Plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over the next 1.8 years. Restricted Stock Awards The LT Plans permit awards of restricted stock. These shares carry voting and dividend rights; however, sale of the shares is restricted prior to vesting. Restricted shares vest over a period of 3 years, with one-third vesting each January 1 of the following first, second, and third years. Total restricted stock expense is equal to the market value of the Company's common shares on the date of the award and is recognized over the service period on a straight line basis. In 2016, there were 177,321 shares issued to members of management and directors. A summary of the status of the Company's non-vested restricted shares as of December 31, 2016, and changes during the period then ended, is presented below:
| Shares (000)'s |  | Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Non-vested restricted shares at January 1, 2016 | 151 |  |  | $ | 44.99 |
Granted | 177 |  |  | 27.20 |
Vested | (92 | ) |  | 43.61 |
Forfeited | (13 | ) |  | 36.45 |
Non-vested restricted shares at December 31, 2016 | 223 |  |  | $ | 31.93 |
| Year ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Total fair value of shares vested (000's) | $4,038 |  | $4,918 |  | $1,585
Weighted average fair value of restricted shares granted | $27.20 |  | $42.32 |  | $54.84
As of December 31, 2016, there was $2.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted shares granted under the LT Plans. That cost is expected to be recognized over the next 2.7 years. EPS-Based Performance Share Units (“EPS PSUs”) The LT Plans also allow for the award of EPS PSUs. Each EPS PSU gives the participant the right to receive common shares dependent on the achievement of specified performance results over a specified performance period. For EPS PSUs granted in 2014 and 2015, the performance period is 3 years. For EPS PSUs granted in 2013, the performance period is 2.25 years. At the end of the performance period, the number of shares of stock issued will be determined by adjusting the award upward or downward from a target award. Fair value of EPS PSUs issued is based on the market value of the Company's common shares on the date of the award. The related compensation expense is recognized over the performance period when achievement of the award is probable and is adjusted for changes in the number of shares expected to be issued if changes in performance are expected. In 2016, there were 129,714 PSUs issued to members of management. Currently, the Company is accounting for the awards granted in 2014, 2015 and 2016 at 0% of the maximum amount available for issuance. EPS PSUs Activity A summary of the status of the Company's EPS PSUs as of December 31, 2016, and changes during the period then ended, is presented below:
| Shares (000)'s |  | Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Non-vested at January 1, 2016 | 311 |  |  | $ | 48.53 |
Granted | 130 |  |  | 27.54 |
Vested | — |  |  | — |
Forfeited | (137 | ) |  | 45.9 |
Non-vested at December 31, 2016 | 304 |  |  | $ | 40.76 |
| Year ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Weighted average fair value of PSUs granted | $27.54 |  | $44.76 |  | $54.84
As of December 31, 2016, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested EPS PSUs granted under the LT Plans. TSR-Based Performance Share Units (“TSR PSUs”) Beginning in 2016, the Company began granting Total Shareholder Return-Based PSUs ("TSR PSUs"). Each PSU gives the participant the right to receive common shares dependent on total shareholder return over a 3 year period. At the end of the period, the number of shares of stock issued will be determined by adjusting the award upward or downward from a target award. Fair value of TSR PSUs was estimated at the date of grant using a Monte Carlo Simulation with the following assumptions. Expected volatility was estimated based on the historical volatility of the Company's common shares over the 2.83 year period prior to the grant date. The average expected life was based on the contractual term of the plan. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury Strips available with maturity period consistent with the expected life. Forfeitures are estimated at the date of grant based on historical experience. In 2016, there were 129,714 TSR PSUs issued to members of management.
| 2016
Risk free interest rate | 0.96 | %
Dividend yield | — | %
Volatility factor of the expected market price of the common shares | 0.37 |
Expected term (in years) | 2.83 |
Correlation coefficient | 0.43 |
TSR PSUs Activity A summary of the status of the Company's PSUs as of December 31, 2016, and changes during the period then ended, is presented below:
| Shares (000)'s |  | Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Non-vested at January 1, 2016 | — |  |  | $ | — |
Granted | 130 |  |  | 26.43 |
Vested | — |  |  | — |
Forfeited | (12 | ) |  | 26.43 |
Non-vested at December 31, 2016 | 118 |  |  | $ | 26.43 |
| Year ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Weighted average fair value of PSUs granted | $ | 26.43 |  |  | $— |  | $—
As of December 31, 2016, there was approximately $1.1 million unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested TSR PSUs granted under the LT Plans. That cost is expected to be recognized over the next 2.0 years. Employee Share Purchase Plan (the “ESP Plan”) The Company's 2004 ESP Plan allows employees to purchase common shares through payroll withholdings. The Company has approximately 137,000 common shares remaining available for issuance to and purchase by employees under this plan. The ESP Plan also contains an option component. The purchase price per share under the ESP Plan is the lower of the market price at the beginning or end of the year. The Company records a liability for withholdings not yet applied towards the purchase of common stock. The fair value of the option component of the ESP Plan is estimated at the date of grant under the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions at the grant date. Expected volatility was estimated based on the historical volatility of the Company's common shares over the past year. The average expected life was based on the contractual term of the plan. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury issues with a one year term. Forfeitures are estimated at the date of grant based on historical experience.
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Risk free interest rate | 0.61 | % |  | 0.25 | % |  | 0.13 | %
Dividend yield | 1.96 | % |  | 1.05 | % |  | 0.74 | %
Volatility factor of the expected market price of the common shares | 0.36 |  |  | 0.41 |  |  | 0.23 |
Expected life for the options (in years) | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 40 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6418621&loc=d3e17540-113929 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 50 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=51659978&loc=d3e25284-112666 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5070-113901 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5047-113901 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5444-113901 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) -Number Topic 14 + Details
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