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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
On a quarterly basis, the Company estimates the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full year and makes changes, if necessary, based on new information or events. The estimated annual effective tax rate is forecasted based on actual historical information and forward-looking estimates and is used to provide for income taxes in interim reporting periods. The Company also recognizes the tax impact of certain unusual or infrequently occurring items, such as the effects of changes in tax laws or rates and impacts from settlements with tax authorities, discretely in the quarter in which they occur.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company estimated its annual effective tax rate utilizing the annualized effective tax rate method under ASC 740, Income Taxes, to calculate its interim income tax provision. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company utilized the discrete effective tax rate method, as allowed under ASC 740, to calculate its interim income tax provision. The discrete method is applied when the application of the estimated annual effective tax rate is impractical because it is not possible to reliably estimate the annual effective tax rate. The discrete method treats the year-to-date period as if it was the annual period and determines the income tax expense or benefit on that basis. At the time, it was not possible to reliably estimate the annual effective tax rate for the year due to uncertainty created by the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, relatively small changes in the provision for income taxes in 2020 caused disproportionate changes in the effective tax rate, as compared to 2021.

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded income tax expense from continuing operations of $4.0 million at an effective income tax rate of 24.7%. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory U.S. Federal tax rate of 21% due to the impacts of state and local taxes, non-deductible compensation and the treatment of mark-to-market activity on certain contracts in the Ethanol segment. The rate impacts were further offset by the portion of income owned by noncontrolling interests that do not result in a tax expense. The change in effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the same period last year was primarily attributed to additional tax benefits from net operating loss carry backs as a result of the CARES Act in the prior year, offset by the portion of income owned by noncontrolling interests that do not result in a tax expense. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, using the discrete effective tax rate method to calculate the interim tax provision, the Company recorded an income tax benefit from continuing operations of $4.1 million at an effective income tax rate of 175.8%.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded an income tax expense from continuing operations of $18.1 million at an effective income tax rate of 21.5%. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory U.S. Federal tax rate of 21% due to the impacts of state and local taxes and non-deductible compensation. The rate impacts were further offset by benefits related to the treatment of mark-to-market activity on certain contracts in the Ethanol segment and the portion of income owned by noncontrolling interests that do not result in a tax expense. The change in effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the same period last year was primarily attributed to additional tax benefits from net operating loss carry backs as a result of the CARES Act in the prior year, offset by the favorable impact of the mark-to-market activity on the contracts within the ethanol segment and the portion of income owned by noncontrolling interests that do not result in a tax expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, using the discrete effective tax rate method to calculate the interim tax provision, the Company recorded an income tax benefit from continuing operations of $18.6 million at an effective income tax rate of 36.7%.