<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001193125-17-159933.txt : 20170505
<SEC-HEADER>0001193125-17-159933.hdr.sgml : 20170505
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20170505090154
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001193125-17-159933
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	10-Q
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		47
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20170331
FILED AS OF DATE:		20170505
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20170505

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			ARDELYX, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001437402
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		IRS NUMBER:				000000000
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		10-Q
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-36485
		FILM NUMBER:		17816315

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		34175 ARDENWOOD BLVD.
		CITY:			FREMONT
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94555
		BUSINESS PHONE:		510-745-7047

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		34175 ARDENWOOD BLVD.
		CITY:			FREMONT
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94555

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	NTERYX INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20080611
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>10-Q
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>d384007d10q.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM 10-Q
<TEXT>
<HTML><HEAD>
<TITLE>Form 10-Q</TITLE>
</HEAD>
 <BODY BGCOLOR="WHITE">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="line-height:1.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="line-height:3.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:18pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>UNITED STATES </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:18pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>WASHINGTON, DC 20549 </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center>
<P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:18pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>FORM <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-Q</FONT> </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center>
<P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>(Mark One) </B></P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B></B>&#9746;<B></B><B></B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 </B></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH&nbsp;31, 2017 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>OR </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B></B>&#9744;<B></B><B></B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 </B></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM
<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> TO
<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">001-36485</FONT> </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center> <P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:24pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ARDELYX, INC. </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(EXACT
NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER) </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center>
<P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="50%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="48%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><B>DELAWARE</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><B><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">26-1303944</FONT></B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>OF INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION)</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(I.R.S. EMPLOYER</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>IDENTIFICATION NUMBER)</B></P></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>34175 Ardenwood Boulevard, Suite 200 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Fremont, California 94555 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES, INCLUDING ZIPCODE) </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(510) <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">745-1700</FONT> </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(REGISTRANT&#146;S TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE) </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center> <P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1)&nbsp;has filed all reports required to be filed by Section&nbsp;13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2)&nbsp;has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90
days.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9746;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Indicate by check mark whether the
registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-T</FONT> (&#167; 232.405 of
this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9746;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-accelerated</FONT> filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of &#147;large accelerated filer,&#148; &#147;accelerated filer,&#148; &#147;smaller reporting
company&#148; and &#147;emerging growth company&#148; in Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">12b-2</FONT> of the Exchange Act. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="20%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="56%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="20%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Large&nbsp;accelerated&nbsp;filer</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&#9744;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Accelerated&nbsp;filer</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&#9746;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Non-accelerated&nbsp;filer</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;(do not check if a smaller reporting company)</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Smaller&nbsp;reporting&nbsp;company</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&#9744;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Emerging&nbsp;growth&nbsp;company</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&#9746;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended
transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">12b-2</FONT> of the
Exchange Act).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9744;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9746; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The number of issued and outstanding shares of
the registrant&#146;s Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, as of May&nbsp;1, 2017 was 47,386,756. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="line-height:1.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="line-height:3.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>

<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="toc"></A>ARDELYX, INC. </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="95%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>PAGE</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="4" ALIGN="center"><B><A HREF="#tx384007_1">PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION </A></B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><B><A HREF="#tx384007_1"></A>&nbsp;</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx384007_2">Item&nbsp;1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements: </A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx384007_3">Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March&nbsp;
31, 2017 (unaudited) and December&nbsp;31, 2016 </A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx384007_4">Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March&nbsp;31,
 2017 and 2016 (unaudited) </A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">3</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx384007_5">Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended
March&nbsp;31, 2017 and 2016 (unaudited) </A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">4</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx384007_6">Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March&nbsp;31,
 2017 and 2016 (unaudited) </A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx384007_7">Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx384007_8">Item&nbsp;
2. Management&#146;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations </A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">13</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx384007_9">Item&nbsp;3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">18</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx384007_10">Item&nbsp;4. Controls and Procedures </A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">18</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="5"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="4" ALIGN="center"><B><A HREF="#tx384007_11">PART II. OTHER INFORMATION </A></B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><B><A HREF="#tx384007_11"></A>&nbsp;</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx384007_12">Item&nbsp;1. Legal Proceedings </A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">18</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx384007_13">Item&nbsp;1A. Risk Factors </A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">18</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx384007_14">Item&nbsp;2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">48</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx384007_15">Item&nbsp;3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities </A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">48</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx384007_16">Item&nbsp;4. Mine Safety Disclosures </A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">48</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx384007_17">Item&nbsp;5. Other Information </A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">48</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx384007_18">Item&nbsp;6. Exhibits </A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">49</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#tx384007_19">Signatures </A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">50</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">1 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><A NAME="tx384007_1"></A>PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="tx384007_2"></A>ITEM&nbsp;1.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ARDELYX, INC. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx384007_3"></A>CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(in thousands, except share and per share amounts) </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="82%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>March&nbsp;31,<BR>2017</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>December&nbsp;31,<BR>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"><B>(Unaudited)</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"><B>(1)</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Assets</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Current assets:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash and cash equivalents</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">71,213</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">74,598</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Short-term investments</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">102,210</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">126,225</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">4,585</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">3,169</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total current assets</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">178,008</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">203,992</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Property and equipment, net</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">8,915</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">8,991</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Other assets</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">842</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">148</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total assets</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">187,765</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">213,131</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Liabilities and stockholders&#146; equity</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Current liabilities:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accounts payable</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5,893</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5,635</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accrued compensation and benefits</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,856</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">3,161</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accrued and other liabilities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">11,565</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">10,405</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total current liabilities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">19,314</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">19,201</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Other long-term liabilities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">767</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">779</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total liabilities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">20,081</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">19,980</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Commitments and contingencies</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Stockholders&#146; equity:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized as of March&nbsp;31, 2017 and
December&nbsp;31, 2016, respectively; no shares issued and outstanding as of March&nbsp;31, 2017 and December&nbsp;31, 2016, respectively.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized as of March&nbsp;31, 2017 and
December&nbsp;31, 2016, respectively; 47,386,756 and 47,309,422 shares issued and outstanding as of March&nbsp;31, 2017 and December&nbsp;31, 2016, respectively.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Additional <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">paid-in</FONT> capital</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">409,610</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">407,092</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accumulated deficit</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(241,883</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(213,875</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(48</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(71</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total stockholders&#146; equity</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">167,684</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">193,151</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total liabilities and stockholders&#146; equity</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">187,765</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">213,131</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="line-height:8.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;width:10%">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">(1)</SUP>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Derived from the audited financial statements included in the Company&#146;s Annual Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K</FONT> for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2016. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">2 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ARDELYX, INC. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx384007_4"></A>CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(in thousands, except share and per share amounts) </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(Unaudited) </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="80%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Three Months Ended March&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2017</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Operating expenses:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Research and development</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">22,387</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">19,250</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">General and administrative</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6,047</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">4,279</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total operating expenses</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">28,434</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">23,529</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Loss from operations</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(28,434</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(23,529</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Other income, net</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">426</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">62</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Loss before provision for income taxes</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(28,008</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(23,467</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Provision for income taxes</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(28,008</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(23,467</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss per common share, basic and diluted</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(0.59</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(0.70</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Weighted-average number of common shares used in computing basic net loss per share, basic and
diluted</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">47,343,234</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">33,466,955</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">3 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ARDELYX, INC. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx384007_5"></A>CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(in thousands) </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(Unaudited) </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="76%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Three&nbsp;Months&nbsp;Ended&nbsp;March&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2017</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(28,008</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(23,467</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Unrealized gain on
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">available-for-sale</FONT></FONT> securities, net of tax</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">23</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Comprehensive loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(27,985</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(23,467</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">4 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ARDELYX, INC. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx384007_6"></A>CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(in thousands) </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(Unaudited) </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="84%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center"><B>Three Months Ended</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>March&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2017</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Operating activities</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(28,008</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(23,467</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:7.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Depreciation expense</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">594</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">310</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:7.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Amortization of deferred financing costs</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">72</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">80</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:7.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Amortization of deferred compensation for services</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">46</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">47</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:7.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Amortization of premium on investment securities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(48</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:7.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Stock-based compensation</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,109</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,191</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:7.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Prepaid expenses and other assets</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(2,228</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">881</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accounts payable</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">858</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,102</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accrued compensation and benefits</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(1,305</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(1,047</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accrued and other liabilities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,149</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">3,656</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net cash used in operating activities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(26,761</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(16,247</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Investing activities</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">31,872</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Sales of short-term investments</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">10,482</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Purchases of short-term investments</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(18,268</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Purchases of property and equipment</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(1,118</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(200</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">22,968</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(200</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Financing activities</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">80,837</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Proceeds from issuance of common stock under stock plans</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">408</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">284</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net cash provided by financing activities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">408</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">81,121</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(3,385</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">64,674</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">74,598</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">107,004</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Cash and cash equivalents at end of period</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">71,213</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">171,678</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">5 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ARDELYX, INC. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx384007_7"></A>NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(Unaudited) </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION AND
BASIS OF PRESENTATION </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Ardelyx, Inc., or &#147;the Company,&#148; is focused on enhancing the way patients with cardiorenal and
gastrointestinal, or GI, diseases are treated by using the gut as the gateway to delivering medicines that matter. The Company has pioneered the development of small molecule therapeutics that act predominantly in the GI tract, thereby avoiding
potentially negative side effects on the rest of the body. The Company&#146;s strategy is to evolve from a research and development-focused company to an integrated biotechnology company, by building cardiorenal and GI portfolios in the United
States, while exploring a variety of strategic commercial options outside the United States. The Company is developing several products and programs focused on underserved medical needs including the following: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cardiorenal Portfolio </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Tenapanor: Phase 3 for treatment of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">end-stage</FONT> renal disease, or ESRD, patients on dialysis suffering from elevated phosphate, or hyperphosphatemia </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">RDX7675: Phase 3 to treat patients with hyperkalemia, common in patients with chronic kidney disease, or CKD, and/or heart failure </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Research Programs: The Company is evaluating small-molecule approaches to treat hyperkalemia in order to significantly reduce pill burden as well as leveraging its knowledge of phosphorus absorption to discover improved
approaches. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Gastrointestinal Portfolio </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Tenapanor: Phase 3 for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation, or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">IBS-C,</FONT> patients </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">RDX8940: IND filed in late 2016; currently advancing towards Phase 1 development </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Research Programs: The Company is evaluating gut biased farnesoid X receptor, or FXR, agonists for the treatment of various GI diseases and disorders, and is leveraging its knowledge of the mechanisms of tenapanor in
order to discover new agents that modulate transport of ions and other processes in the gut. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company operates in only
one business segment, which is the development of biopharmaceutical products. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Basis of Presentation </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related footnote information of the Company have been prepared pursuant to
the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules and regulations, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by U.S. generally accepted
accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In the opinion of the Company&#146;s management, the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all
adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the information for the periods presented. The results for the quarter ended March&nbsp;31, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of results to be
expected for the entire year ending December&nbsp;31, 2017 or future operating periods. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The accompanying condensed consolidated financial
statements and related financial information should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the related notes thereto for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2016, included in the Company&#146;s Annual Report on Form <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K</FONT> filed with the SEC (the &#147;2016 Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K&#148;).</FONT> The balance sheet at December&nbsp;31, 2016 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, as
filed with the 2016 Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K.</FONT> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements
include the accounts of Ardelyx, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Ardelyx Cayman Islands, and have been prepared in accordance with US&nbsp;GAAP. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">6 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Use of Estimates </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The preparation
of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Although management believes these
estimates are based upon reasonable assumptions within the bounds of its knowledge of the Company&#146;s business and operations, actual results could differ materially from those estimates. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Accrued Research and Development Expenses </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As part of the process of preparing its financial statements, the Company is required to estimate its accrued expenses. This process involves
reviewing open contracts and purchase orders, communicating with its personnel to identify services that have been performed on its behalf and estimating the level of service performed and the associated cost incurred for the service when the
Company has not yet been invoiced or otherwise notified of the actual cost. The majority of the Company&#146;s service providers submit its monthly invoices in arrears for services performed or when contractual milestones are met. The Company makes
estimates of its accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date in its financial statements based on facts and circumstances known to the Company at that time. The Company periodically confirms the accuracy of its estimates with the service
providers and makes adjustments if necessary. Examples of estimated accrued research and development expenses include fees paid to: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">contract research organizations (&#147;CROs&#148;) in connection with clinical studies; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">investigative sites in connection with clinical studies; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">vendors related to product manufacturing, development and distribution of clinical supplies; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">collaborator entities in connection with collaboration agreements; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">vendors in connection with preclinical development activities. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company records expenses
related to clinical studies and manufacturing development activities based on its estimates of the services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with multiple CROs and manufacturing vendors that conduct and manage these activities on
its behalf. The financial terms of these agreements are subject to negotiation, vary from contract to contract, and may result in uneven payment flows. There may be instances in which payments made to the Company&#146;s vendors will exceed the level
of services provided and result in a prepayment of the expense. Payments under some of these contracts depend on factors such as the successful enrollment of subjects and the completion of clinical trial milestones. In accruing service fees, the
Company estimates the time period over which services will be performed, enrollment of subjects, number of sites activated and the level of effort to be expended in each period. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of
effort varies from the Company&#146;s estimate, the Company will adjust the accrued or prepaid expense balance accordingly. To date, there have been no material differences from the Company&#146;s estimates to the amounts actually incurred. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Recent Accounting Pronouncements </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&#147;FASB&#148;) issued Accounting Standards Update (&#147;ASU&#148;) <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">2014-09,</FONT> <I>Revenue from Contracts with Customers</I> (&#147;ASU <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">2014-09&#148;),</FONT> which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled
for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. ASU <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">2014-09</FONT> will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S.&nbsp;GAAP when it becomes effective. In July 2015, the FASB voted to
approve a deferral of the effective date of this ASU by one year, and to permit entities to adopt up to one year earlier if they choose. Therefore, the new standard will become effective for the Company on January&nbsp;1, 2018 and early application
is permitted for periods beginning on or after January&nbsp;1, 2017. The standard permits the use of either the modified retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. Since the issuance of ASU <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">2014-09,</FONT>
the FASB has issued several amendments which clarify certain points in the new Topic 606 <I>- Revenue from Contracts with Customers</I>, including ASU <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">2016-08</FONT> (&#147;Principal versus Agent
Considerations&#151;Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net&#148;), ASU <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">2016-10</FONT> (&#147;Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing&#148;), ASU <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">2016-11</FONT> (&#147;Rescission
of SEC Guidance Because of Accounting Standards Updates <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">2014-09</FONT> and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">2014-16</FONT> Pursuant to Staff Announcements at the March&nbsp;3, 2016 EITF Meeting&#148;) and ASU <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">2016-12</FONT> (&#147;Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients&#148;). The Company plans to adopt all these standards on January&nbsp;1, 2018. The Company plans to modify its accounting policies to reflect the
requirements of these standards and plans to select the modified retrospective transition method. The Company did not recognize revenue for the three months ended March&nbsp;31, 2017 and March&nbsp;31, 2016, and therefore, the planned adoption of
this standard will not affect the Company&#146;s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures for these periods or future periods until the Company reports revenues. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">7 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">No.&nbsp;2016-02,</FONT>
<I>Leases (Topic 842)</I>. Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize a lease liability and a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">right-of-use</FONT></FONT> asset for all leases (with the exception of
short term leases) at the commencement date. Lessor accounting under ASU <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">2016-02</FONT> is largely unchanged. ASU <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">2016-02</FONT> is effective for annual and interim periods beginning
on or after December&nbsp;15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. Under ASU <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">2016-02,</FONT> lessees (for capital and operating leases) and lessors (for sales-type, direct financing, and operating leases) must apply
a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. Lessees and lessors may not apply a full retrospective transition
approach. The Company has not yet selected an implementation date nor has it determined the effect of the standard on the Company&#146;s ongoing financial reporting. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">No.&nbsp;2016-16,</FONT> <I>Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Transfers of
Assets Other Than Inventory </I>(ASU <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">2016-16).</FONT> This update is to improve the accounting for the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. ASU <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">2016-16</FONT> amends the guidance to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. Consequently, the amendments in this update eliminate the
exception for an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory. The amendments in this update do not include new disclosure requirements; however, existing disclosure requirements might be applicable when accounting for the current and
deferred income taxes for an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory. ASU <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">2016-16</FONT> is effective for our interim and annual reporting periods during the year ending December&nbsp;31, 2018, and all
annual and interim reporting periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of ASU <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">2016-16</FONT> is not expected to have a material effect on the Company&#146;s condensed consolidated financial
statements. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company has reviewed all other significant newly-issued accounting pronouncements and concluded that they either are not
applicable to the Company&#146;s operations or that no material effect is expected on its condensed consolidated financial statements as a result of future adoption. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">8 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
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<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>NOTE 3. CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND INVESTMENTS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Securities classified as cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments as of March&nbsp;31, 2017 and December&nbsp;31, 2016 are summarized
below (in thousands). Estimated fair value is based on quoted market prices for these investments. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="92%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="70%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="14" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>March&nbsp;31, 2017</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ROWSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Amortized<BR>Cost</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ROWSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Gross&nbsp;Unrealized</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ROWSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Fair Value</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ROWSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Gains</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Losses</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash and cash equivalents:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,084</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,084</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Money market funds</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">70,129</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">70,129</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total cash and cash equivalents</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">71,213</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">71,213</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Short-term investments</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Corporate bonds</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">46,098</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(33</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">46,067</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Commercial paper</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">41,792</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(7</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">41,787</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Asset-backed securities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">14,368</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(13</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">14,356</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total short-term investments</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">102,258</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(53</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">102,210</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">173,471</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(53</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">173,423</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="14" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>December&nbsp;31, 2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ROWSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Amortized<BR>Cost</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ROWSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Gross&nbsp;Unrealized</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ROWSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Fair Value</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ROWSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Gains</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Losses</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash and cash equivalents:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">3,638</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">3,638</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Money market funds</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">68,561</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">68,561</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Commercial paper</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,399</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,399</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total cash equivalents and investments</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">74,598</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">74,598</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Short-term investments</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Corporate bonds</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">58,464</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(56</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">58,410</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Commercial paper</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">62,946</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(20</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">62,931</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Asset-backed securities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">4,886</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(2</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">4,884</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total short-term investments</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">126,296</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(78</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">126,225</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">200,894</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(78</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">200,823</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash equivalents consist of money market funds with original maturities of three months or less at the time of
purchase, and the carrying amount is a reasonable approximation of fair value. The Company invests its cash in high quality securities of financial and commercial institutions. These securities are carried at fair value, which is based on readily
available market information, with unrealized gains and losses included in &#147;accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss)&#148; within stockholders&#146; equity on the Company&#146;s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company uses the
specific identification method to determine the amount of realized gains or losses on sales of marketable securities. Realized gains or losses have been insignificant and are included in &#147;other income, net&#148; in the consolidated condensed
statement of operations. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">All <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">available-for-sale</FONT></FONT>
securities held as of March&nbsp;31, 2017 had contractual maturities of less than one year. Investments that have maturities beyond one year as of the end of the reporting period are classified as <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-current.</FONT>
The Company&#146;s <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">available-for-sale</FONT></FONT> securities are subject to a periodic impairment review. The Company considers a debt security to be impaired when its fair value is
less than its carrying cost, in which case the Company would further review the investment to determine whether it is other-than-temporarily impaired. When the Company evaluates an investment for other-than-temporary impairment, the Company reviews
factors such as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer and any changes thereto, intent to sell, and whether it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell
the investment before the recovery of it cost basis. If an investment is other-than-temporarily impaired, the Company writes it down through the statement of operations to its fair value and establishes that value as a new cost basis
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">9 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
for the investment. The Company did not identify any of its <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">available-for-sale</FONT></FONT> securities as other-than-temporarily
impaired in any of the periods presented. As of March&nbsp;31, 2017, no investment was in a continuous unrealized loss position for more than one year, the unrealized losses were not due to a change in credit risk and the Company believes that is
more likely than not the investments will be held until maturity or a forecasted recovery of fair value. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>NOTE 4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the
principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize
the use of unobservable inputs. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The three-level hierarchy for the inputs to valuation techniques is briefly summarized as follows: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="92%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="8%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Level&nbsp;1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#150;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Valuations are based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and readily accessible by the Company at the reporting date. Examples of assets and liabilities utilizing Level&nbsp;1 inputs are certain
money market funds, U.S. Treasuries and trading securities with quoted prices on active markets.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Level&nbsp;2</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#150;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Valuations based on inputs other than Level&nbsp;1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that
are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Examples of assets and liabilities utilizing Level&nbsp;2 inputs are U.S. government agency bonds, corporate bonds,
commercial paper, certificates of deposit and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">over-the-counter</FONT></FONT> derivatives.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Level&nbsp;3</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#150;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Valuations based on unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the Company to develop its own assumptions.</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The following table sets forth the fair value of the Company&#146;s financial assets measured on a recurring basis by level
within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands): </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="92%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="68%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="14" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>March&nbsp;31, 2017</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Total</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Level&nbsp;1</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Level&nbsp;2</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Level&nbsp;3</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Assets:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Money market funds</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">70,129</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">70,129</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Corporate bonds</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">46,067</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">46,067</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Commercial paper</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">41,787</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">41,787</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Asset-backed securities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">14,356</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">14,356</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">172,339</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">70,129</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">102,210</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="16"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="14" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>December&nbsp;31, 2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Total</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Level&nbsp;1</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Level&nbsp;2</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Level&nbsp;3</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Assets:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Money market funds</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">68,561</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">68,561</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Corporate bonds</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">58,410</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">58,410</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Commercial paper</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">65,330</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">65,330</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Asset-backed securities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">4,884</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">4,884</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">197,185</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">68,561</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">128,624</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified as Level&nbsp;1. The Company
classifies money market funds as Level&nbsp;1. When quoted market prices are not available for the specific security, then the Company estimates fair value by using benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, and issuer spreads. The
Company classifies corporate bonds, commercial paper and asset-backed securities as Level&nbsp;2. In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to valuation, securities are classified as Level&nbsp;3. There were
no transfers between Level&nbsp;1 and Level&nbsp;2 during the periods presented. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">10 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The carrying amounts reflected in the balance sheets for cash equivalents, short-term
investments, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values at March&nbsp;31, 2017 and December&nbsp;31, 2016, due to their short-term nature. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>NOTE 5. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The
following table presents stock-based compensation expense recognized for stock options, restricted stock units, or RSUs, and the Company&#146;s employee stock purchase program, or ESPP, in the Company&#146;s statements of operations (in thousands):
</P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="76%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="82%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Three&nbsp;Months&nbsp;Ended<BR>March&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2017</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Research and development</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,031</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">626</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">General and administrative</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,078</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">565</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,109</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,191</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In January 2017, the Company granted performance-based restricted stock unit, or PRSU, awards to certain
employees which vest upon the achievement of certain performance conditions, subject to the employees&#146; continued service relationship with the Company. At March&nbsp;31, 2017, 161,865 PRSUs were outstanding. Based on the evaluation of the
probability of achieving performance conditions at March&nbsp;31, 2017, the Company has not recorded stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March&nbsp;31, 2017 related to the PRSUs. The Company will continue to evaluate the
probability of achieving the performance conditions for the PRSUs at each reporting period and will record compensation expense related to the PRSUs accordingly. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">At March&nbsp;31, 2017, the Company had $21.8&nbsp;million, $1.9&nbsp;million and $0.2&nbsp;million of total unrecognized compensation
expense, net of estimated forfeitures, related to stock option grants, restricted stock unit grants and ESPP, respectively, that will be recognized over an average vesting period of 3.3 years, 3.3 years and 0.4 years, respectively. At March&nbsp;31,
2017, there was no unrecognized compensation expense related to PRSUs. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>NOTE 6. NET LOSS PER SHARE </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the
period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed giving effect to all potential dilutive common shares, including common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options, and unvested restricted common stock and stock units. The Company uses the
treasury-stock method to compute diluted earnings per share with respect to its stock options and common stock equivalents. For purposes of this calculation, options to purchase stock are considered to be potential common shares and are only
included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share when their effect is dilutive. Basic and diluted loss per share are calculated as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data): </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="76%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="72%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="7%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="7%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Three Months Ended</B><br><B>March&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2017</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Numerator:</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(28,008</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(23,467</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Denominator:</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">47,343,234</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">33,466,955</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net loss per share - basic and diluted</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(0.59</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(0.70</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">For the three months ended March&nbsp;31, 2017 and 2016, the total number of anti-dilutive outstanding common
stock equivalents excluded from the net loss per common share computation was 6.1&nbsp;million and 4.5&nbsp;million, respectively. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">11 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>NOTE 7. ACCRUED AND OTHER LIABILITIES </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accrued liabilities and other liabilities consist of the following (in thousands) </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="76%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="76%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"><B>March&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center"><B>December&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2017</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accrued clinical trial expenses</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7,517</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6,694</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accrued contract manufacturing</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">3,010</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,705</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accrued professional and consulting services</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">391</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">322</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Other</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">647</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">684</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">11,565</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">10,405</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>NOTE 8. STOCKHOLDERS&#146; EQUITY </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Option Exercises </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">For the three
months ended March&nbsp;31, 2017, employees exercised options to purchase 19,301 shares of the Company&#146;s common stock with insignificant net proceeds to the Company. For the three months ended March&nbsp;31, 2016, employees exercised options to
purchase 6,250 shares of the Company&#146;s common stock with insignificant net proceeds to the Company. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Restricted Stock Units </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">For the three months ended March&nbsp;31, 2017, the Company issued 15,188 shares of the Company&#146;s common stock due to vesting of
restricted stock units. For the three ended March&nbsp;31, 2016, the Company issued zero shares of the Company&#146;s common stock due to vesting of restricted stock units. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Employee Stock Purchase Plan </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In
February 2017, the Company sold 42,845 shares under the ESPP. The shares were purchased at a purchase price of $8.77 per share with proceeds to the Company of approximately $0.4&nbsp;million. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Offerings of Common Stock and Warrants </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In June 2015, the Company sold and issued an aggregate of 7,242,992 shares of its common stock and warrants to purchase 2,172,899 shares of
common stock in a private placement transaction for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $77.8&nbsp;million or net proceeds, after deducting issuance costs, of approximately $74.3&nbsp;million. The purchase price for the common stock was $10.70
per share and the purchase price for the warrants was $0.125 per warrant. The warrants are exercisable for an exercise price of $13.91 per share. None of the warrants issued in June 2015 have been exercised as of March&nbsp;31, 2017. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>NOTE 9. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">None. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">12 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>


<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="tx384007_8"></A>ITEM&nbsp;2.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>MANAGEMENT&#146;S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS. </B></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the condensed
consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this report and with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included as part of our Annual Report on Form
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K</FONT> for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2016. This discussion and analysis and other parts of this report contain forward-looking statements that involve risk and uncertainties, such as statements of our
plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those
discussed in the section of this report entitled &#147;Risk Factors.&#148; These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date hereof.&nbsp;Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking
statements for any reason.&nbsp;Unless the context requires otherwise, the terms &#147;Ardelyx,&#148; &#147;Company,&#148; &#147;we,&#148; &#147;us,&#148; and &#147;our&#148; refer to Ardelyx, Inc. </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>ABOUT ARDELYX</B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are focused on enhancing
the way patients with cardiorenal and gastrointestinal, or GI, diseases are treated by using the gut as the gateway to delivering medicines that matter. We have pioneered the development of small molecule therapeutics that act predominantly in the
GI tract, thereby avoiding potentially negative side effects on the rest of the body. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our strategy is to evolve from a research and
development-focused company to an integrated biotechnology company, by building cardiorenal and GI portfolios in the United States, while exploring a variety of strategic commercial options outside the United States. We are developing several
products and programs focused on underserved medical needs including the following: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">Cardiorenal Portfolio </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Tenapanor: Phase 3 clinical development for treatment of ESRD patients on dialysis suffering from elevated phosphate, or hyperphosphatemia </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">RDX7675: Phase 3 clinical development for the treatment of patients with hyperkalemia, common in patients with CKD and/or heart failure </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Research Programs: We are evaluating small-molecule approaches to treat hyperkalemia in order to significantly reduce pill burden and we are leveraging our knowledge of phosphorus absorption to discover improved
approaches. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">Gastrointestinal Portfolio </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Tenapanor: Phase 3 clinical development for treatment of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">IBS-C</FONT> patients </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">RDX8940: IND filed in late 2016;<B> </B>currently advancing towards Phase 1 development </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Research Programs: We are evaluating gut biased FXR agonists for the treatment of various GI diseases and disorders, and leveraging our knowledge of the mechanisms of tenapanor in order to discover new agents that
modulate transport of ions and other processes in the gut. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Financial Operations Overview </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Research and Development Expenses </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We recognize all research and development expenses as they are incurred to support the discovery, development and manufacturing of our product
candidates. Research and development expenses consist of the following: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">external research and development expenses incurred under agreements with consultants, third-party contract research organizations and investigative sites where a substantial portion of our clinical studies are
conducted, and with contract manufacturing organizations where our clinical supplies are produced; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">expenses associated with supplies and materials consumed in connection with our research operations; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">employee-related expenses, which include salaries, benefits, travel and stock-based compensation; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">other costs associated with regulatory, clinical and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-clinical</FONT> development activities; and </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">13 </P>


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<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">facilities and other allocated expenses, which include direct and allocated expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities, depreciation and amortization expense, information technology expense and other supplies.
</TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We expect to continue to make substantial investments in research and development activities as we progress the development
of tenapanor, RDX7675, RDX8940 and our other our product candidates, advance our research programs into the preclinical stage and continue our early stage research including further development of our proprietary drug discovery and design platform.
The process of conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. We may never succeed in achieving marketing approval for any of our product candidates. The probability of
success of each of the product candidates may be affected by numerous factors, including preclinical data, clinical data, competition, manufacturing capability and commercial viability. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The successful development of our product candidates is highly uncertain and may not result in approved products. Completion dates and
completion costs can vary significantly for each product candidate and are difficult to predict. Given the uncertainty associated with clinical trial enrollment and the risks inherent in the development process, we are unable to determine the
duration and completion costs of current or future clinical trials of our product candidates or if and to what extent we will generate revenues from the commercialization and sale of any of our product candidates. We anticipate that we will make
determinations as to which programs to pursue and how much funding to direct to each program on an ongoing basis in response to the scientific and clinical success of each product candidate, as well as an ongoing assessment as to each product
candidate&#146;s commercial potential. We will need to raise additional capital and will seek additional collaboration partnerships in the future in order to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidates, including
tenapanor, RDX7675 and RDX8940. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>General and Administrative </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">General and administrative expenses consist principally of salaries and related costs for personnel, including stock-based compensation and
travel expenses, in executive and other administrative functions. Other general and administrative expenses include facility related costs, communication expenses and professional fees for legal, patent review, consulting and accounting services.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We anticipate that our general and administrative expenses will increase in the future in support of continued research and development
activities, potential commercialization of our product candidates, including tenapanor, RDX7675, and continued costs of operating as a public company.&nbsp;These increases will likely include increased costs related to the hiring of additional
personnel and payments to outside consultants, lawyers and accountants, among other expenses.&nbsp;Additionally, if and when we believe a regulatory approval of the first product candidate appears likely, we anticipate an increase in payroll and
expense as a result of our preparation for commercial operations, especially as it relates to the sales and marketing of our product candidates. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Provision for Income Taxes </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We did
not record a provision for income taxes for the three ended March&nbsp;31, 2017 because we expect to generate a net operating loss for the year ending December&nbsp;31, 2017. Our deferred tax assets continue to be fully offset by a valuation
allowance. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Critical Accounting Polices and Estimates </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our management&#146;s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our unaudited condensed
consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we
believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these
estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We consider certain accounting policies related to research and development expense and accruals and stock-based compensation to be critical policies. There have been no changes to our critical
accounting policies since we filed our 2016 Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K</FONT> with the SEC on February&nbsp;17, 2017. For a description of our critical accounting policies, please refer to our 2016 Form
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K.</FONT> </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">14 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>RESULTS OF OPERATIONS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Three months Ended March&nbsp;31, 2017 and 2016 </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Research and Development </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Research
and development expenses for the three months ended March&nbsp;31, 2017 as compared to same period in the prior year were as follows (in thousands): </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="76%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="79%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="5%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="5%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Three&nbsp;Months&nbsp;Ended&nbsp;March&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2017</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Research and development</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">22,387</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">19,250</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Dollar change from prior year</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">3,137</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Percent change from prior year</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">16</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Research and development expenses were $22.4&nbsp;million for the three months ended March&nbsp;31, 2017, an
increase of $3.1&nbsp;million, or 16%, compared to $19.3&nbsp;million for the three months ended March&nbsp;31, 2016. The increase consisted of a $3.4&nbsp;million increase in our internal program costs and a $0.3&nbsp;million decrease in our
external program costs. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The increase in our internal costs of $3.4&nbsp;million was primarily due to an increase in personnel, facility
and other costs, primarily related to costs associated with increased research and development headcount to support the growth of our research and development activities. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The decrease in our external program costs of $0.3&nbsp;million was due to a decrease of $2.1&nbsp;million in expenses incurred for clinical
development activities, clinical manufacturing and process development activities related to the completion of some of our Phase 3 studies associated with tenapanor. This was offset by an increase of $1.8&nbsp;million in expenses incurred for
clinical development activities, clinical manufacturing and process development activities associated with RDX7675 and RDX8940. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>General and
Administrative </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March&nbsp;31, 2017 as compared to the same period
in the prior year were as follows (in thousands): </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="76%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="77%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="7%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="7%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Three&nbsp;Months&nbsp;Ended&nbsp;March&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2017</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">General and administrative</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6,047</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">4,279</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Dollar change from prior year</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,768</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Percent change from prior year</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">41</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">%&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">General and administrative expenses were $6.0&nbsp;million for the three months ended March&nbsp;31, 2017, an
increase of $1.8&nbsp;million, or 41%, compared to $4.3&nbsp;million for the three months ended March&nbsp;31, 2016. The increase was primarily due to increases of $1.3&nbsp;million in personnel and other costs including share-based compensation, as
a result of an increase in headcount and $0.5&nbsp;million in professional fees. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Liquidity and Capital Resources </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The following table displays a summary of our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments as of March&nbsp;31, 2017 and December&nbsp;31,
2016 (in thousands): </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="76%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="74%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>March&nbsp;31,<BR>2017</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>December&nbsp;31,<BR>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash and cash equivalents</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">71,213</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">74,598</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Short-term investments</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">102,210</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">126,225</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">173,423</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">200,823</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">15 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our primary uses of cash are to fund operating expenses, primarily research and development
expenditures. Cash used to fund operating expenses is impacted by the timing of when we pay these expenses, as reflected in the change in our outstanding accounts payable and accrued expenses. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We believe that our existing capital resources as of March 31, 2017 will be sufficient to meet our projected operating requirements for at
least the next 12 months. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Further, our operating plan can change, and we will require
significant additional capital to fund our operations, including to support the development, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">pre-commercialization</FONT> and commercialization efforts for tenapanor, RDX7675 and RDX8940. We may seek to obtain such
additional capital through debt financings, credit facilities, additional equity offerings and/or strategic collaborations. We currently have no credit facility or committed sources of capital, and there can be no assurances that such sources of
capital will be available to us when needed or on acceptable terms. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development and commercialization of our product candidates, and the extent to which we may enter into additional
collaboration partnerships with third parties to participate in their development and commercialization, we are unable to estimate the amounts of increased capital outlays and operating expenditures associated with our current and anticipated
clinical studies. Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including the following: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the progress, timing, scope, results and costs of our clinical trial programs evaluating tenapanor in <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">IBS-C</FONT> and for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in patients with ESRD on
dialysis, as well as our decision whether or not to pursue other indications for tenapanor; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the progress, timing, scope, results and costs of our clinical programs for RDX7675 and RDX8940; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the time and cost necessary to obtain regulatory approvals for our product candidates and the costs of post-marketing studies that could be required by regulatory authorities; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates, either alone or with one or more collaboration partners; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the manufacturing costs of our product candidates, and the availability of one or more suppliers for our product candidates at reasonable costs, both for clinical and commercial supply; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the selling and marketing costs associated with our product candidates, including the cost and timing of building our sales and marketing capabilities; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our ability to establish and maintain collaboration partnerships to <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">in-license</FONT> or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">out-license</FONT> our current programs or other similar
arrangements and the financial terms of such agreements; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the timing, receipt, and amount of sales of, or royalties on, our future products, if any; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the sales price and the availability of adequate third-party reimbursement for our product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the cash requirements of any future acquisitions or discovery of product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the number and scope of research programs that we decide to pursue or initiate, and any clinical trials we decide to pursue for other product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the time and cost necessary to respond to technological and market developments; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the costs of filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending and enforcing any patent claims and other intellectual property rights, including litigation costs and the outcome of such litigation, including costs of
defending any claims of infringement brought by others in connection with the development, manufacture or commercialization of our product candidates. </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">16 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated (in thousands): </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="76%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="78%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="6" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Three&nbsp;Months&nbsp;Ended&nbsp;March&nbsp;31,</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2017</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>2016</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash used in operating activities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(26,761</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(16,247</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash provided by (used in) investing activities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">22,968</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(200</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cash provided by financing activities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">408</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">81,121</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">(3,385</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">)&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">64,674</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Cash Flows from Operating Activities </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net cash used in operating activities during the three months ended March&nbsp;31, 2017 was approximately $26.8&nbsp;million. The net loss of
$28.0&nbsp;million was adjusted for (i)&nbsp;an increase of accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $0.7&nbsp;million primarily due to expenses incurred for the clinical manufacturing, process development, and clinical development activities for
tenapanor, RDX7675 and RDX8940, (ii) <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-cash</FONT> charges of $0.6&nbsp;million for depreciation and amortization and $2.1&nbsp;million for stock-based compensation and (iii)&nbsp;a decrease in <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">pre-payments</FONT> of $2.2&nbsp;million to vendors for clinical development and manufacturing activities. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net
cash used in operating activities during the three months ended March&nbsp;31, 2016 was approximately $16.2&nbsp;million. The net loss of $23.5&nbsp;million was adjusted for (i)&nbsp;an increase of accounts payable and accrued liabilities of
$4.7&nbsp;million due to expenses incurred for the clinical manufacturing, process development, and clinical development activities for tenapanor, RDX7675 and RDX8940, (ii) <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-cash</FONT> charges of
$0.4&nbsp;million for depreciation and amortization and $1.2&nbsp;million for stock-based compensation, and (iii)&nbsp;advance payments of $0.9&nbsp;million to vendors for clinical development and manufacturing activities. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Cash Flows from Investing Activities </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net
cash provided by investing activities was $23.0&nbsp;million for the three months ended March&nbsp;31, 2017 and was primarily due to maturities and sales of short-term investments of $42.4&nbsp;million. This was offset by purchases of short-term
investments of $18.3&nbsp;million and acquisition of property and equipment of $1.1&nbsp;million related to the expansion of our laboratory and related equipment. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net cash used in investing activities was $0.2&nbsp;million for the three months ended March&nbsp;31, 2016 and was primarily due to the
acquisition of property and equipment related to the expansion of our laboratory and related equipment. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Cash Flows from Financing Activities </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March&nbsp;31, 2017 was $0.4&nbsp;million and was primarily due to
proceeds from issuance of common stock under stock plans. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended
March&nbsp;31, 2016 was $81.1&nbsp;million and was primarily due to net proceeds of $80.8&nbsp;million from a public offering of common stock. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of March&nbsp;31, 2017 (in thousands): </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="72%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="18" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Payments Due by Period</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; width:82.30pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Contractual Obligation:</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Less&nbsp;than<BR>1 year</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>1 to 3<BR>Years</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>4 to 5<BR>Years</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>More<BR>Than&nbsp;5<BR>Years</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Total</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Operating leases <SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">(1)</SUP></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,478</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5,311</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,096</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7,885</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Purchase commitment</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">694</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">480</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,174</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total contractual obligations</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2,172</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5,791</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,096</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">&#151;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">$</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">9,059</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">(1)</SUP></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top"></SUP>Operating leases include total future minimum rent payments under <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-cancelable</FONT> operating lease agreements.
</TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">17 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Off-Balance</FONT> Sheet Arrangements </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">None. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Recent Accounting Pronouncements
</B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Refer to Note 2 in the accompanying notes to our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of
recent accounting pronouncements. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="tx384007_9"></A>ITEM&nbsp;3.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">There have been no material
changes in the sources and effects of our market risk compared to the disclosures in Item 7A of our 2016 Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K.</FONT> </P> <P STYLE="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="tx384007_10"></A>ITEM&nbsp;4.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As required by Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13a-15(b)</FONT> under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#147;Exchange
Act&#148;), our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal accounting and financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls
and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13a-15(e)</FONT> and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">15d-15(e)</FONT> under the Exchange Act) as of March&nbsp;31, 2017. Any controls and procedures, no matter how
well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objective and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on
such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal accounting and financial officer have concluded that, as of March&nbsp;31, 2017, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Changes in Internal Controls </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13a-15(d)</FONT> and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">15d-15(d)</FONT> of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended March&nbsp;31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially
affect, our internal control over financial reporting. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Internal control over financial reporting has inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human
diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial reporting also can be circumvented by collusion or improper management override. Because of such limitations,
there is a risk that material misstatements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is
possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><A NAME="tx384007_11"></A>PART&nbsp;II. OTHER INFORMATION
</B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="tx384007_12"></A>ITEM&nbsp;1.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>LEGAL PROCEEDINGS </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">From time to time, we may be involved in legal proceedings arising in
the ordinary course of business. As of March&nbsp;31, 2017, there is no litigation pending that would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="tx384007_13"></A>ITEM&nbsp;1A.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>RISK FACTORS </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Our business involves significant risks, some of which are described
below. You should carefully consider these risks, as well as other information in this Quarterly Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-Q,</FONT> including our financial statements and the related notes and &#147;Management&#146;s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.&#148; The occurrence of any of the events or developments described below could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, the trading price of
our common stock and our growth prospects. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations. </I></P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">18 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Risks Related to Our Limited Operating History, Financial Condition and Capital Requirements </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We have a limited operating history, have incurred significant losses since our inception and we will incur losses in the future, which makes it
difficult to assess our future viability. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company with a limited operating history.
Biopharmaceutical product development is a highly speculative undertaking and involves a substantial degree of risk. To date, we have focused substantially all of our efforts on our research and development activities, including developing our
clinical product candidates, tenapanor and RDX7675, and developing our proprietary drug discovery and design platform. To date, we have not commercialized any products or generated any revenue from the sale of products. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are not profitable and have incurred losses in each year since our inception in October 2007, and we do not know whether or when we will
become profitable. We have only a limited operating history upon which to evaluate our business and prospects. We continue to incur significant research, development and other expenses related to our ongoing operations. As of March&nbsp;31, 2017, we
had an accumulated deficit of $241.9&nbsp;million. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We expect that our operating losses will substantially increase for the foreseeable
future as we prepare for the potential commercialization of tenapanor and RDX7675, incur manufacturing and development costs for tenapanor, RDX7675, and RDX8940, including costs associated with completing the
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">on-going</FONT> Phase 3 development of tenapanor in <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">IBS-C</FONT> and in hyperphosphatemia, completing the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">on-going</FONT> <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">onset-of-action</FONT></FONT> trial and the Phase 3 clinical trial for RDX7675, and commencing clinical development of RDX8940, and as we continue our discovery and research activities.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our prior losses, combined with expected future losses, have had and will continue to have an adverse effect on our stockholders&#146;
equity and working capital. Further, the net losses we incur may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year, such that a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">period-to-period</FONT></FONT>
comparison of our results of operations may not be a good indication of our future performance. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have substantial net operating loss
and tax credit carryforwards for Federal and California income tax purposes. Such net operating losses and tax credits carryforwards may be reduced as a result of certain intercompany restructuring transactions. In addition, the future utilization
of such net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and credits may be subject to limitations, pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Sections 382 and 383, as a result of ownership changes that may have occurred previously or that could occur in the
future. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We have never generated any revenue from product sales and may never be profitable. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have no products approved for sale and have never generated any revenue from product sales. Our ability to generate revenue from product
sales and achieve profitability depends on our ability to successfully complete the development of and obtain the regulatory and marketing approvals necessary to commercialize one or more of our product candidates. We do not anticipate generating
revenue from product sales for the foreseeable future. Our ability to generate future revenue from product sales or pursuant to milestone payments depends heavily on many factors, including but not limited to: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the successful completion of nonclinical and clinical development of our product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">obtaining regulatory approvals for our product candidates, either on our own, or with one or more collaboration partners; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates, either on our own, or with one or more collaboration partners; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">developing a sustainable and scalable manufacturing process for any approved product candidates and establishing and maintaining supply and manufacturing relationships with third parties that can provide an adequate (in
amount and quality) supply of product to support clinical development and the market demand for our product candidates, if approved; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">obtaining market acceptance of our product candidates, if approved, as viable treatment options; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">addressing any competing technological and market developments; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">identifying, assessing, acquiring, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">in-licensing</FONT> and/or developing new product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">negotiating favorable terms in any collaboration partnership, licensing or other arrangements into which we may enter; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">maintaining, protecting, and expanding our portfolio of intellectual property rights, including patents, trade secrets, and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">know-how,</FONT> and our ability to develop, manufacture and
commercialize our product candidates and products without infringing intellectual property rights of others; and </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">19 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>


<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">attracting, hiring, and retaining qualified personnel. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In cases where we are successful in
obtaining regulatory approvals to market one or more of our product candidates, our revenue will be dependent, in part, upon the size of the markets in the territories for which regulatory approval is granted, the accepted price for the product, the
ability to get reimbursement at any price and whether we are commercializing the product or the product is being commercialized by a collaboration partner, and in such case, whether we have royalty and/or
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">co-promotion</FONT> rights for that territory. If the number of patients suitable for our product candidates is not as significant as we estimate, the indication approved by regulatory authorities is narrower than we
expect, or the reasonably accepted population for treatment is narrowed by competition, physician choice or treatment guidelines, we may not generate significant revenue from the sale of such products, even if approved. Even if we achieve
profitability in the future, we may not be able to sustain profitability in subsequent periods. Our failure to generate revenue from product sales would likely depress our market value and could impair our ability to raise capital, expand our
business, discover or develop other product candidates or continue our operations. A decline in the value of our common stock could cause our stockholders to lose all or part of their investment. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We will require substantial additional financing to achieve our goals, and a failure to obtain this necessary capital when needed on acceptable terms,
or at all, could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our planned clinical programs for tenapanor, RDX7675, RDX8940 or our other product development and platform development activities. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Since our inception, most of our resources have been dedicated to our research and development activities, including developing our clinical
product candidates, tenapanor, RDX7675, and RDX8940, and developing our proprietary drug discovery and design platform. We believe that we will continue to expend substantial resources for the foreseeable future, including costs associated with
conducting the clinical programs for tenapanor, RDX7675, and RDX8940, research and development, conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials for our other programs, obtaining regulatory approvals, developing and maintaining scalable
manufacturing processes for our product candidates and sales and marketing. Because the outcome of any clinical trial and/or regulatory approval process is highly uncertain, we cannot reasonably estimate the actual amounts necessary to successfully
complete the development, regulatory approval process and commercialization or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">co-promotion</FONT> of any of our product candidates. Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not
limited to: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the progress, timing, scope, results and costs of our clinical trial programs evaluating tenapanor in <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">IBS-C</FONT> and for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in ESRD patients on dialysis
as well as our decision whether or not to pursue other indications for tenapanor; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the progress, timing, scope, results and costs of our clinical program for RDX7675 and RDX8940; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the time and cost necessary to obtain regulatory approvals for our product candidates and the costs of post-marketing studies that could be required by regulatory authorities; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates, either alone or with one or more collaboration partners; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the manufacturing costs of our product candidates, and the availability of one or more suppliers for our product candidates at reasonable costs, both for clinical and commercial supply; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the selling and marketing costs associated with product candidates, including the cost and timing of building our sales and marketing capabilities; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our ability to establish and maintain collaboration partnerships, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">in-license/out-license</FONT></FONT> or other similar arrangements and the financial
terms of such agreements; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the timing, receipt, and amount of sales of, or royalties on, our future products, if any; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the sales price and the availability of adequate third-party reimbursement for our product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the cash requirements of any future acquisitions or discovery of product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the number and scope of preclinical and discovery programs that we decide to pursue or initiate, and any clinical trials we decide to pursue for other product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the time and cost necessary to respond to technological and market developments; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the costs of filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending and enforcing any patent claims and other intellectual
property </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">20 </P>


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<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="8%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
rights, including litigation costs and the outcome of such litigation, including costs of defending any claims of infringement brought by others in connection with the development, manufacture or
commercialization of our product candidates. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Additional funds may not be available when we need them on terms that are
acceptable to us, or at all. If adequate funds are not available to us on a timely basis, we may be required to delay the clinical development of tenapanor, RDX7675 or RDX8940, delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research activities, preclinical
and clinical trials for our other product candidates and our establishment and maintenance of sales and marketing capabilities or other activities that may be necessary to commercialize our product candidates, either alone or with a collaboration
partner. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Risks Related to Our Business </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We are
substantially dependent on the success of our lead product candidate, tenapanor, which may not be successful in nonclinical studies or clinical trials, receive regulatory approval or be successfully commercialized. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">To date, we have invested a significant amount of our efforts and financial resources in the research and development of tenapanor, which is
currently our lead product candidate and one of only two product candidates in clinical trials. The clinical and commercial success of tenapanor will depend on a number of factors, including the following: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our ability to, in a timely manner and under terms that are acceptable to us, to establish one or more collaborative relationships for the commercialization of tenapanor; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the ability of the third-party manufacturers we contract with, to successfully execute and scale up the manufacturing processes for tenapanor, which has not yet been demonstrated, and to manufacture supplies of
tenapanor and to develop, validate and maintain commercially viable manufacturing processes that are compliant with cGMP, requirements; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">whether the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities require additional nonclinical and/or clinical studies, which could delay the commercialization of tenapanor; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">whether the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities require us to conduct clinical trials in addition to those anticipated prior to approval to market tenapanor; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">whether we will be required to conduct clinical trials in addition to those anticipated to obtain adequate commercial pricing; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the prevalence and severity of adverse side effects of tenapanor; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">whether tenapanor&#146;s safety and efficacy profile is satisfactory to the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities to gain marketing approval; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the timely receipt of necessary marketing approvals from the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our ability, either alone, or with a collaboration partner, to successfully commercialize tenapanor, if approved for marketing and sale by the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities, including educating physicians and
patients about the benefits, administration and use of tenapanor; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">achieving and maintaining compliance with all regulatory requirements applicable to tenapanor; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">acceptance of tenapanor as safe, effective and well-tolerated by patients and the medical community; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our ability to manage the complex pricing and reimbursement negotiations associated with marketing the same product at different doses for separate indications, if tenapanor is approved for marketing and sale by the FDA
or foreign regulatory authorities for both <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">IBS-C</FONT> and hyperphosphatemia in dialysis patients; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the availability, perceived advantages, relative cost, relative safety and relative efficacy of alternative and competing treatments; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">obtaining and sustaining an adequate level of coverage and reimbursement for tenapanor by third-party payors; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">enforcing intellectual property rights in and to tenapanor; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">avoiding third-party interference, opposition, derivation or similar proceedings with respect to our patent rights, and avoiding other challenges to our patent rights and patent infringement claims; and
</TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">a continued acceptable safety and tolerability profile of tenapanor following approval. </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">21 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As tenapanor is a
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">first-in-class</FONT></FONT> drug, there is a higher likelihood that approval may not be attained as compared to a class of drugs with approved products. We cannot be certain that
tenapanor will be successful in <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-clinical</FONT> safety studies or clinical trials, or that it will receive regulatory approval. Further, it may not be possible or practicable to demonstrate, or if approved, to
market on the basis of, certain of the benefits we believe tenapanor possesses. For example, the reduction of serum phosphorus is currently an approvable endpoint in ESRD patients on dialysis, but not for the broader CKD patient population in the
United States. If the number of patients in the market for tenapanor or the price that the market can bear is not as significant as we estimate, we may not generate sufficient revenue from sales of tenapanor, if approved. Accordingly, there can be
no assurance that tenapanor will ever be successfully commercialized or that we will ever generate income from sales of tenapanor. If we are not successful in completing the development of, obtaining approval for, and commercializing tenapanor, or
are significantly delayed in doing so, our business will be materially harmed. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process
with an uncertain outcome, and we may encounter substantial delays in our clinical studies. Furthermore, results of earlier studies and trials may not be predictive of future trial results. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of our product candidates, we must conduct extensive clinical
studies to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the product candidates in humans. Clinical testing is expensive and can take many years to complete, and its outcome is inherently uncertain. Failure can occur at any time during the clinical trial
process. The results of preclinical and clinical studies of our product candidates may not be predictive of the results of later-stage clinical trials. An unexpected adverse event profile, or the results of drug-drug interaction studies, may present
challenges for the future development and commercialization of a product candidate for a particular condition despite receipt of positive efficacy data in a clinical study. Product candidates in later stages of clinical trials, such as tenapanor,
which is being evaluated in two Phase 3 clinical trial programs, may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy despite having progressed through preclinical studies and initial clinical trials. A number of companies in the pharmaceutical,
biopharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials for similar indications that we are pursuing due to lack of efficacy or adverse safety profiles, notwithstanding promising results in
earlier studies, and we cannot be certain that we will not face similar setbacks. Even if our clinical trials are completed, the results may not be sufficient to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates, or if such regulatory approval
is obtained, the content of the label approved by regulatory authorities may materially and adversely impact our ability to commercialize the product. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We do not know whether future clinical trials will begin on time, or whether our ongoing or future clinical trials will need to be redesigned,
enroll an adequate number of patients on time or be completed on schedule, if at all. Clinical trials can be delayed or terminated for a variety of reasons, including delay or failure to: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">manufacture sufficient quantities of product candidate meeting specified quality standards for use in clinical trials; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">obtain regulatory approval to commence a trial, if applicable; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">reach agreement on acceptable terms with prospective contract research organizations, or CROs, and clinical trial sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among
different CROs and trial sites; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">obtain institutional review board, or IRB, approval at each site; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">recruit suitable patients in a timely manner to participate in our trials; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">have patients complete a trial or return for post-treatment <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">follow-up;</FONT> </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">ensure that clinical sites observe trial protocol, comply with good clinical practices, or GCPs, or continue to participate in a trial; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">address any patient safety concerns that arise during the course of a trial; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">address any conflicts with new or existing laws or regulations; or </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">initiate or add a sufficient number of clinical trial sites. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Patient enrollment is a
significant factor in the timing of clinical trials and is affected by many factors, including the size and nature of the patient population, the proximity of patients to clinical sites, the eligibility criteria for the trial, the design of the
clinical trial, competing clinical trials and clinicians&#146; and patients&#146; perceptions as to the potential advantages of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies, including any new drugs or treatments that may be
approved for the indications we are investigating. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">22 </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
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<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We could also encounter delays if a clinical trial is suspended or terminated by us, by the IRBs
of the institutions in which such trials are being conducted, by an independent data safety monitoring board for such trial or by the FDA or other regulatory authorities. Such authorities may suspend or terminate a clinical trial due to a number of
factors, including failure to conduct the clinical trial in accordance with regulatory requirements or our clinical protocols, inspection of the clinical trial operations or trial site by the FDA or other regulatory authorities resulting in the
imposition of a clinical hold, unforeseen safety issues or adverse side effects, failure to demonstrate a benefit from using a drug, changes in governmental regulations or administrative actions or lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical
trial. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Further, if there are delays in the completion of, or termination of, any clinical trial of our product candidates, the commercial
prospects of our product candidates may be harmed, and our ability to generate revenue from product sales from any of these product candidates will be delayed. In addition, any delays in completing the clinical trials will increase costs, slow down
our product candidate development and approval process and jeopardize the ability to commence product sales and generate revenue from product sales. Any of these occurrences may significantly harm our business, financial condition and prospects. In
addition, many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of our product candidates. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We intend to devote significant resources to the development of RDX7675 which may not be successful in nonclinical studies or clinical trials, receive
regulatory approval or be successfully commercialized. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">With the initiation of RDX7675 in both an
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">onset-of-action</FONT></FONT> clinical trial and a Phase 3 clinical trial for RDX7675 in the fourth quarter of 2016, we expect to invest a significant amount of our efforts and
financial resources in the development of RDX7675. We are pursuing a 505(b)(2) regulatory path for approval of RDX7675, which, among other things allows us to rely on the FDA&#146;s previous findings of safety and efficacy and may eliminate the need
to conduct certain nonclinical and clinical studies of our product candidate. This regulatory pathway, which can accelerate development, may not be available to us if a pharmaceutically equivalent product to RDX7675 were approved prior to the
approval of our 505(b)(2) application. If we are unable to rely upon a 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway for the approval of RDX7675, the development of RDX7675 may be substantially delayed or we may be required to abandon such development. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">The clinical and commercial success of RDX7675 will depend on a number of factors, including the following: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the ability of the third-party manufacturers we contract with, to successfully develop and scale up the manufacturing processes for RDX7675, which has not yet been demonstrated, to manufacture supplies of RDX7675 and to
develop, validate and maintain commercially viable manufacturing processes that are compliant with cGMP, requirements; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the significant expansion of the market for the treatment of hyperkalemia beyond its currently limited size, including the success of commercial launches of new hyperkalemia products and the use of any such products by
nephrologists and cardiologists in the chronic setting; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our ability to successfully obtain labeling claims necessary or desirable for the commercial success of RDX7675; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the availability of, and the perceived advantages regarding the relative palatability, relative cost, relative safety, relative tolerance and relative efficacy of alternative and competing treatments; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the strength and breadth of any intellectual property protection that we have or may be granted for RDX7675, and our enforcement of any intellectual property rights in RDX7675; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the timely receipt of necessary marketing approvals and exclusivity periods, if any, from the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our ability to successfully commercialize RDX7675, if approved for marketing and sale by the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities, including educating physicians and patients about the benefits, administration and use
of RDX7675; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">obtaining and sustaining an adequate level of coverage and reimbursement for RDX7675 by third-party payors; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the effectiveness of our marketing, sales and distribution strategy and operations. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We cannot
be certain that clinical trials evaluating RDX7675 will establish a safety and efficacy profile sufficient to enable RDX7675 to gain approval by the FDA, or if approved, compete effectively with alternative and competing treatments. Further, it may
not be possible or practicable to demonstrate, or if approved, to market on the basis of, certain of the benefits we believe RDX7675 may possess. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that RDX7675 will ever be successfully commercialized or that we
will ever generate revenue from sales of RDX7675. If we are not successful in completing the development of, obtaining approval for, and commercializing RDX7675, or are significantly delayed in doing so, our business will be materially harmed. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">23 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We may not be successful in our efforts to develop our product candidates that are at an early stage of
development, including RDX8940 or expand our pipeline of product candidates. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">A key element of our strategy is to expand our
pipeline of product candidates utilizing our proprietary drug discovery and design platform and to advance such product candidates through clinical development. In December 2016, we filed an IND to commence clinical development of RDX8940 in the
United States. This product candidate, and those product candidates that are in the discovery and lead identification stages of preclinical development will require substantial preclinical and clinical development, testing and regulatory approval
prior to commercialization. Of the large number of drugs in development, only a small percentage of such drugs successfully complete the FDA regulatory approval process and are commercialized. Accordingly, even if we are able to continue to fund our
research programs, there can be no assurance that any product candidates will reach the clinic or be successfully developed or commercialized. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Research programs to identify product candidates require substantial technical, financial and human resources, whether or not any product
candidates are ultimately identified. Although our research and development efforts to date have resulted in several development programs, we may not be able to develop product candidates that are safe, effective and well-tolerated. Our research
programs may initially show promise in identifying potential product candidates, and we may select candidates for development, yet we may fail to yield product candidates for clinical development or commercialization for many reasons, including the
following: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the research methodology used and our drug discovery and design platform may not be successful in identifying potential product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">competitors may develop alternatives that render our product candidates obsolete or less attractive; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">product candidates we develop may nevertheless be covered by third parties&#146; patents or other exclusive rights; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the market for a product candidate may change during our program so that the continued development of that product candidate is no longer reasonable; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">a product candidate may on further study be shown to have harmful side effects or other characteristics that indicate it is unlikely to be effective, well- tolerated or otherwise does not meet applicable regulatory or
commercial criteria; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">a product candidate may not be capable of being produced in commercial quantities at an acceptable cost, or at all; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">a product candidate may not be accepted as safe, effective and well-tolerated by patients, the medical community or third-party payors, if applicable. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Even if we are successful in continuing to expand our pipeline, through our own research and development efforts or by pursuing <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">in-licensing</FONT> or acquisition of product candidates, the potential product candidates for which we identify or acquire rights may not be suitable for clinical development, including as a result of being shown to have
harmful side effects or other characteristics that indicate that they are unlikely to receive marketing approval and achieve market acceptance. If we do not successfully develop and commercialize a product pipeline, we may not be able to generate
revenue from product sales in future periods or ever achieve profitability. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Our proprietary drug discovery and design platform, and, in particular,
APECCS, is a new approach to the discovery, design and development of new product candidates and may not result in any products of commercial value. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have developed a proprietary drug discovery and design platform to enable the identification, screening, testing, design and development of
new product candidates, and have developed APECCS as a component of this of this platform. We utilize APECCS in the design of our small molecules and to identify new and potentially novel targets in the GI tract. However, there can be no assurance
that APECCS will be able to identify new targets in the GI tract or that any of these potential targets or other aspects of our proprietary drug discovery and design platform will yield product candidates that could enter clinical development and,
ultimately, be commercially valuable. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Although we expect to continue to enhance the capabilities of our APECCS system by advancing the cell culture and
screening process and/or acquiring new technologies to broaden the scope of APECCS, we may not be successful in any of our enhancement and development efforts. In addition, we may not be able to enter into agreements on suitable terms to utilize
technologies required to exploit certain capabilities of APECCS, and in such case, we may be forced to limit our use or further development of APECCS, or to </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">24 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
modify APECCS for continued use. It may not be possible to modify APECCS in manner that avoids the utilization of certain technologies, without materially and adversely affecting the performance
of APECCS or without incurring substantial cost and delay in advancement of the system. If our enhancement or development efforts are unsuccessful, or if we are forced to limit our use or further development of APECCS due to the inability to enter
into agreements on suitable terms to permit the utilization of technologies required to exploit APECCS, we may not be able to advance our drug discovery capabilities as quickly as we expect or identify as many potential druggable targets as we
desire. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We rely on third parties to conduct some of our nonclinical studies and all of our clinical trials. If these third parties do not
successfully carry out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines, we may be unable to obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize our product candidates. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We do not have the ability to independently conduct clinical trials and, in some cases, nonclinical studies. We rely on medical institutions,
clinical investigators, contract laboratories, and other third parties, such as CROs, to conduct clinical trials on our product candidates. The third parties with whom we contract for execution of the clinical trials play a significant role in the
conduct of these trials and the subsequent collection and analysis of data. However, these third parties are not our employees, and except for contractual duties and obligations, we control only certain aspects of their activities and have limited
ability to control the amount or timing of resources that they devote to our programs. Although we rely, and will continue to rely, on these third parties to conduct some of our nonclinical studies and all of our clinical trials, we remain
responsible for ensuring that each of our studies and clinical trials is conducted in accordance with the applicable protocol, legal, regulatory and scientific standards and our reliance on third parties does not relieve us of our regulatory
responsibilities. We, and these third parties are required to comply with current GLPs for nonclinical studies, and good clinical practices, or GCPs, for clinical studies. GLPs and GCPs are regulations and guidelines enforced by the FDA, the
Competent Authorities of the Member States of the European Economic Area, or EEA, and comparable foreign regulatory authorities for all of our products in nonclinical and clinical development, respectively. Regulatory authorities enforce GCPs
through periodic inspections of trial sponsors, principal investigators and trial sites. If we or any of our third party contractors fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, including GCPs, the clinical data generated in our clinical
trials may be deemed unreliable and the FDA, the European Medicines Agency, or EMA, or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may require us to perform additional clinical trials before approving our marketing applications. There can be no
assurance that upon inspection by a given regulatory authority, such regulatory authority will determine that any of our clinical trials comply with GCP regulations. In addition, our clinical trials must be conducted with product produced under cGMP
regulations. Our failure to comply with these regulations may require us to repeat clinical trials, which would delay the regulatory approval process. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Even if our product candidates obtain regulatory approval, they may never achieve market acceptance or commercial success, which will depend, in part,
upon the degree of acceptance among physicians, patients, patient advocacy groups, health care payors and the medical community. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Even if our product candidates obtain FDA or other regulatory approvals, and are ultimately commercialized, our product candidates may not
achieve market acceptance among physicians, patients, third-party payors, patient advocacy groups, and the medical community. Market acceptance of our product candidates for which marketing approval is obtained depends on a number of factors,
including: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the efficacy of the products as demonstrated in clinical trials; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the prevalence and severity of any side effects and overall safety and tolerability profile of the product; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the clinical indications for which the product is approved; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">advantages over new or traditional or existing therapies, including recently approved therapies or therapies that the physician community anticipate will be approved; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">acceptance by physicians, major operators of clinics and patients of the product as a safe, effective and well-tolerated treatment; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">relative convenience and ease of administration of our products; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the potential and perceived advantages of our product candidates over current treatment options or alternative treatments, including future alternative treatments; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the cost of treatment in relation to alternative treatments and willingness to pay for our products, if approved, on the part of physicians and patients; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the availability of alternative products and their ability to meet market demand; </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">25 </P>


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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the strength of our or our collaboration partners&#146; marketing and distribution organizations; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the quality of our relationships with patient advocacy groups; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">sufficient third-party coverage or reimbursement. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Any failure by our product candidates that
obtain regulatory approval to achieve market acceptance or commercial success would adversely affect our results of operations. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Our product
candidates may cause undesirable side effects or have other properties that could delay our clinical trials, or delay or prevent regulatory approval, limit the commercial profile of an approved label, or result in significant negative consequences
following regulatory approval, if any. If any of our product candidates receives marketing approval and we or others later identify undesirable side effects caused by the product candidate, the ability to market the product candidates could be
compromised. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Undesirable side effects caused by our product candidates could cause us or regulatory authorities to interrupt,
delay or halt clinical trials, result in the delay or denial of regulatory approval by the FDA or other comparable foreign regulatory authorities or limit the commercial profile of an approved label. To date, patients treated with tenapanor have
experienced drug-related side effects including diarrhea, nausea, flatulence, abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain, abdominal distention and changes in electrolytes. In the event that trials conducted by us with tenapanor or trials we conduct with
our other product candidates, reveal an unacceptable severity and prevalence of these or other side effects, such trials could be suspended or terminated and the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities could order us to cease further
development of or deny approval of tenapanor, or any such other product candidate, for any or all targeted indications. Additionally, despite a positive efficacy profile, the prevalence and/or severity of these or other side effects could cause us
to cease further development of a product candidate for a particular indication, or entirely. The drug-related side effects could affect patient recruitment or the ability of enrolled patients to complete the trial or result in potential product
liability claims. Any of these occurrences may harm our business, financial condition and prospects significantly. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, in the
event that any of our product candidates receives regulatory approval and we or others later identify undesirable side effects caused by one of our products, a number of potentially significant negative consequences could occur, including: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the product or seize the product; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">we may be required to recall the product; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of the particular product or the manufacturing processes for the product or any component thereof, including the imposition of a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation
Strategies, or REMS, plan that may require creation of a Medication Guide outlining the risks of such side effects for distribution to patients, as well as elements to assure safe use of the product, such as a patient registry and training and
certification of prescribers; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a &#147;black box&#148; warning or a contraindication; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the product may become less competitive; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">our reputation may suffer </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Any of the foregoing events could prevent us from achieving or
maintaining market acceptance of a particular product candidate, if approved, and could result in the loss of significant revenue to us, which would materially and adversely affect our results of operations and business. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We face substantial competition and our competitors may discover, develop or commercialize products faster or more successfully than us. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are highly competitive, and we face significant competition from companies in the
biotechnology, pharmaceutical and other related markets that are researching and marketing products designed to address diseases that we are currently developing products to treat. If approved for marketing by the FDA or other regulatory agencies,
tenapanor and RDX7675, as well as our other product candidates, would compete against existing treatments. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">26 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">For example, tenapanor will, if approved, compete directly with phosphate binders for the
treatment of hyperphosphatemia in ESRD patients on dialysis. The various types of phosphate binders commercialized in the United States include the following: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Calcium carbonate (many <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">over-the-counter</FONT></FONT> brands including Tums and Caltrate) </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Calcium acetate (several prescription brands including PhosLo and Phoslyra) </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol marketed by Shire) </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Sevelamer hydrochloride (Renagel, marketed by Sanofi) </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Sevelamer carbonate (Renvela, marketed by Sanofi) </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Sucroferric oxyhydroxide (Velphoro, marketed by Vifor Fresenius) </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Ferric citrate (Auryxia, marketed by Keryx) </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The hydrochloride form of sevelamer, Renagel, was
launched in the United States by Genzyme Corporation in 1998 prior to its acquisition by Sanofi, and the carbonate form, Renvela, was launched in 2008. Sanofi booked &#128;935&nbsp;million ($1.04 billion) in worldwide sales of sevelamer during 2015
and &#128;687&nbsp;million through September&nbsp;30, 2016. Generic sevelamer was expected to enter the U.S. market in early 2014 after expiration of Sanofi&#146;s patent, but as of 2017, no generic sevelamer has yet been approved in the United
States. Generic sevelamer was approved, however, in certain jurisdictions in Europe in 2015. In addition to the currently marketed phosphate binders, we are aware of at least two other binders in development, including fermagate (Alpharen), an iron-
based binder in Phase 3 being developed by Opko Health, Inc., and PT20, an iron-based binder in Phase 3 being developed by Shield Therapeutics. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Numerous treatments exist for constipation and the constipation component of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">IBS-C,</FONT> many of which are <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">over-the-counter.</FONT></FONT> These include psyllium husk (such as Metamucil), methylcellulose (such as Citrucel), calcium polycarbophil (such as FiberCon), lactulose (such as Cephulac),
polyethylene glycol (such as MiraLax), sennosides (such as Exlax), bisacodyl (such as Ducolax), docusate sodium (such as Colace), magnesium hydroxide (such as Milk of Magnesia), saline enemas (such as Fleet) and sorbitol. These agents are generally
inexpensive and work well to temporarily relieve constipation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are also aware of two prescription products marketed for <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">IBS-C,</FONT> Linzess (linaclotide) marketed by Ironwood Pharmaceuticals and Allergan and Amitiza (lubiprostone) marketed by Sucampo and Takeda. Additionally, Trulance (plecanatide) was approved by FDA in January 2017 for
use in adults for treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation, and Synergy Pharmaceuticals, the drug&#146;s manufacturer, presented Phase 3 data from two clinical studies of Trulance in <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">IBS-C</FONT> patients in
December 2016 and submitted an NDA for this indication in March 2017. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Finally, we are aware of at least two drugs approaching or on the
market for the treatment of hyperkalemia. Veltassa (patiromer FOS), an oral, polymer-based potassium binder, was approved for marketing by the FDA in October 2015 and was commercially launched by Relypsa, a company that was acquired by Galenica in
September 2016. Additionally, ZS Pharma submitted an NDA in June 2015 for <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">ZS-9,</FONT> a sodium zirconium cyclosilicate-based oral potassium binder. <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">ZS-9</FONT> will be commercially
launched by AstraZeneca, a company that acquired ZS Pharma in December 2015. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">It is possible that our competitors will develop and market
drugs or other treatments that are less expensive and more effective than our product candidates, or that will render our product candidates obsolete. It is also possible that our competitors will commercialize competing drugs or treatments before
we, or our collaboration partners, can launch any products developed from our product candidates. We also anticipate that we will face increased competition in the future as new companies enter into our target markets. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Many of our competitors have materially greater name recognition and financial, manufacturing, marketing, research and drug development
resources than we do. Additional mergers and acquisitions in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries may result in even more resources being concentrated in our competitors. Large pharmaceutical companies in particular have extensive
expertise in preclinical and clinical testing and in obtaining regulatory approvals for drugs. In addition, academic institutions, government agencies, and other public and private organizations conducting research may seek patent protection with
respect to potentially competitive products or technologies. These organizations may also establish exclusive collaboration partnerships or licensing relationships with our competitors. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We currently have no sales organization. If we are unable to establish sales capabilities on our own or through third parties, we may not be able to
commercialize tenapanor or any of our other product candidates. </I></B></P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">27 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We currently do not have a sales organization. In order to commercialize or <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">co-promote</FONT> tenapanor, RDX7675 or any of our other product candidates, either alone, or with a collaboration partner, we must build our marketing, sales, distribution, managerial and other <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-technical</FONT> capabilities or make arrangements with third parties to perform these services, and we may not be successful in doing so. In order to commercialize tenapanor or RDX7675 outside of the United States, we
may enter into collaborative relationships with one or more third parties. There can be no assurances that we will be successful in establishing such relationships in a timely manner or on terms that are acceptable to us. If one or more of our
product candidates receives regulatory approval, we currently expect to establish appropriate sales organizations with technical expertise supporting distribution capabilities to commercialize our product candidates, which will be expensive and time
consuming. As a company, we have no prior experience in the marketing, sale and distribution of pharmaceutical products and there are significant risks involved in building and managing a sales organization, including our ability to hire, retain,
and incentivize qualified individuals, generate sufficient sales leads, provide adequate training to sales and marketing personnel, comply with regulatory requirements applicable to the marketing and sale of drug products and effectively manage a
geographically dispersed sales and marketing team. Any failure or delay in the development of our internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities would adversely impact the commercialization of these products. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may choose to collaborate with third parties that have direct sales forces and established distribution systems, either to augment our own
sales force and distribution systems or in lieu of our own sales force and distribution systems. If we are unable to enter into such arrangements on acceptable terms or at all, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We rely completely on third parties to manufacture our nonclinical and clinical drug supplies, and we intend to rely on third parties to produce
commercial supplies of any approved product candidate. Our business would be harmed if those third parties fail to obtain approval of the FDA, Competent Authorities of the Member States of the EEA or comparable regulatory authorities, fail to
provide us with sufficient quantities of drug product, or fail to do so at acceptable quality levels or prices. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We do not
currently have, nor do we plan to acquire, the infrastructure or capability internally to manufacture our drug supplies for use in the conduct of our nonclinical and clinical studies, and we lack the resources and the capability to manufacture any
of our product candidates on a clinical or commercial scale. The facilities used by our contract manufacturers to manufacture any drug products must be approved by the FDA pursuant to inspections that will be conducted after an NDA is submitted to
the FDA. We do not control the manufacturing process of our product candidates, and we are completely dependent on our contract manufacturing partners for compliance with the regulatory requirements, known as cGMPs, for manufacture of both active
drug substances and finished drug products. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If our contract manufacturers cannot successfully manufacture material that conforms to our
specifications and the strict regulatory requirements of the FDA or others, they will not be able to secure and/or maintain regulatory approval for their manufacturing facilities. In addition, we have no control over the ability of our contract
manufacturers to maintain adequate quality control, quality assurance and qualified personnel. If the FDA or a comparable foreign regulatory authority does not approve these facilities for the manufacture of our product candidates or if it withdraws
any such approval in the future, we may need to find alternative manufacturing facilities, which would significantly impact our ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval for or market our product candidates, if approved. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We rely on our manufacturers to purchase from third-party suppliers the materials necessary to produce our product candidates for our clinical
studies. There are a limited number of suppliers for raw materials that we use to manufacture our drugs, and there may be a need to identify alternate suppliers to prevent a possible disruption of the manufacture of the materials necessary to
produce our product candidates for our clinical studies, and, if approved, ultimately for commercial sale. We do not have any control over the process or timing of the acquisition of these raw materials by our manufacturers. Although we generally do
not begin a clinical study unless we believe we have on hand, or will be able to manufacture, a sufficient supply of a product candidate to complete such study, any significant delay or discontinuity in the supply of a product candidate, or the raw
material components thereof, for an ongoing clinical study due to the need to replace a third-party manufacturer could considerably delay completion of our clinical studies, product testing, and potential regulatory approval of our product
candidates, which could harm our business and results of operations. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Third-party payor coverage and reimbursement status of newly-approved products
is uncertain. Failure to obtain or maintain adequate coverage and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could limit our ability to market those products and decrease our ability to generate revenue. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The pricing, coverage and reimbursement of our product candidates, if approved, must be adequate to support a commercial infrastructure. The
availability and adequacy of coverage and reimbursement by governmental and private payors are essential for </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">28 </P>


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most patients to be able to afford treatments such as ours, assuming approval. Sales of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the
costs of our product candidates will be paid for by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit, and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by government authorities, private health insurers, and other third-party payors.
If coverage and reimbursement are not available, or are available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approved reimbursement amount may not be high enough
to allow us to establish or maintain pricing sufficient to realize a return on our investment. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">There is significant uncertainty related
to the insurance coverage and reimbursement of newly approved products. In the United States, the principal decisions about coverage and reimbursement for new drugs are typically made by the Centers for Medicare&nbsp;&amp; Medicaid Services, or CMS,
an agency within the U.S. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Department of Health and Human Services responsible for administering the Medicare program, as CMS decides
whether and to what extent a new drug will be covered and reimbursed under Medicare. Private payors tend to follow the coverage reimbursement policies established by CMS to a substantial degree. It is difficult to predict what CMS will decide with
respect to reimbursement for products such as ours. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In July 2010, CMS released its final rule to implement a bundled prospective payment
system for the treatment of ESRD patients as required by the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act, or MIPPA. The bundled payment covers a bundle of items and services routinely required for dialysis treatments furnished to Medicare
beneficiaries in Medicare-certified ESRD facilities or at their home, including the cost of certain routine drugs. The final rule delayed the inclusion of oral medications without intravenous equivalents in the bundled payment until January&nbsp;1,
2014 and in April 2014, President Obama signed the Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014, which further extended this implementation date to January&nbsp;1, 2024. Additionally, section 204 of the Stephen Beck, Jr., Achieving a Better Life
Experience Act of 2014, or ABLE, provides that payment for oral-only ESRD drugs cannot be made under the ESRD Prospective Payment System prior to January&nbsp;1, 2025. As a result of the recent legislation, beginning in 2025, ESRD-related drugs may
be included in the bundle and separate Medicare reimbursement will no longer be available for such drugs, as it is today under Medicare Part D. While it is too early to project the full impact bundling may have on the industry, the impact could
potentially cause dramatic price reductions for tenapanor and RDX7675, if approved. We may be unable to sell tenapanor and/or RDX7675, if approved, to dialysis providers on a profitable basis if third- party payors reduce their current levels of
payment, or if our costs of production increase faster than increases in reimbursement levels. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Outside the United States, international
operations are generally subject to extensive governmental price controls and other market regulations, and we believe the increasing emphasis on cost-containment initiatives in Europe, Canada, Japan, China and other countries has and will continue
to put pressure on the pricing and usage of our product candidates. In many countries, the prices of medical products are subject to varying price control mechanisms as part of national health systems. Other countries allow companies to fix their
own prices for medicinal products, but monitor and control company profits. Additional foreign price controls or other changes in pricing regulation could restrict the amount that we are able to charge for our product candidates. Accordingly, in
markets outside the United States, the reimbursement for our products may be reduced compared with the United States and may be insufficient to generate commercially reasonable revenue and profits. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Moreover, increasing efforts by governmental and third-party payors in the United States and abroad to cap or reduce healthcare costs may
cause such organizations to limit both coverage and the level of reimbursement for new products approved and, as a result, these caps may not cover or provide adequate payment for our product candidates. We expect to experience pricing pressures in
connection with the sale of any of our product candidates due to the trend toward managed healthcare, the increasing influence of health maintenance organizations, and additional legislative changes. The downward pressure on healthcare costs in
general, particularly prescription drugs and surgical procedures and other treatments, has become very intense. As a result, increasingly high barriers are being erected to the entry of new products. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>If product liability lawsuits are brought against us, we may incur substantial liabilities and may be required to limit commercialization of our product
candidates. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We face an inherent risk of product liability as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidates and will
face an even greater risk if we commercialize any products. For example, we may be sued if any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during product testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such
product liability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liability, and a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under
state consumer protection acts. If we cannot </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">29 </P>


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successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidates. Even successful defense
would require significant financial and management resources. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liability claims may result in: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">decreased demand for our product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">injury to our reputation; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">withdrawal of clinical trial participants; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">costs to defend the related litigation; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">a diversion of management&#146;s time and our resources; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">regulatory investigations, product recalls or withdrawals, or labeling, marketing or promotional restrictions; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">loss of revenue; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the inability to commercialize or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">co-promote</FONT> our product candidates. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our inability to obtain and maintain sufficient product liability insurance at an acceptable cost and scope of coverage to protect against
potential product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the commercialization of any products we develop. We currently carry product liability insurance covering use in our clinical trials in the amount of $10.0&nbsp;million in the aggregate.
Although we maintain such insurance, any claim that may be brought against us could result in a court judgment or settlement in an amount that is not covered, in whole or in part, by our insurance or that is in excess of the limits of our insurance
coverage. Our insurance policies also have various exclusions and deductibles, and we may be subject to a product liability claim for which we have no coverage. We will have to pay any amounts awarded by a court or negotiated in a settlement that
exceed our coverage limitations or that are not covered by our insurance, and we may not have, or be able to obtain, sufficient capital to pay such amounts. Moreover, in the future, we may not be able to maintain insurance coverage at a reasonable
cost or in sufficient amounts to protect us against losses. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We are highly dependent on the services of our President and Chief Executive Officer,
Michael Raab, our Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Reginald Seeto, MBBS, our Chief Scientific Officer, Jeremy Caldwell, Ph.D., and our Chief Development Officer, David Rosenbaum, Ph.D. If we are not able to retain these members
of our management team, or recruit additional management, clinical and scientific personnel, our business will suffer. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our
success depends in part on our continued ability to attract, retain and motivate highly qualified personnel. In particular, we are highly dependent upon Michael Raab, our President and Chief Executive Officer, Reginald Seeto, MBBS, Jeremy Caldwell,
Ph.D., our Chief Scientific Officer and David Rosenbaum, Ph.D., our Chief Development Officer. The loss of services of any of these individuals could delay or impair the successful development of our product pipeline, completion of our planned
clinical trials or the commercialization of our product candidates. Although we have entered into employment agreements with our senior management team, including Mr.&nbsp;Raab and Drs. Seeto, Caldwell and Rosenbaum, these agreements are terminable
at will with or without notice and, therefore, we may not be able to retain their services as expected. Although we have not historically experienced unique difficulties attracting and retaining qualified employees, we could experience such problems
in the future. For example, competition for qualified personnel in the biotechnology and pharmaceuticals field is intense due to the limited number of individuals who possess the skills and experience required by our industry. In addition to the
competition for personnel, the San Francisco Bay area in particular is characterized by a high cost of living. As such, we could have difficulty attracting experienced personnel to our company and may be required to expend significant financial
resources in our employee recruitment and retention efforts. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We will need to continue to increase the size of our organization, and we may
experience difficulties in managing growth. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We will need to continue to expand our clinical, managerial, operational, finance and
other resources in order to manage our operations, preclinical and clinical trials, research and development activities, regulatory filings, manufacturing and supply activities, and any marketing and commercialization activities. Our management,
personnel, systems and facilities currently in place may not be adequate to support this future growth. Our need to effectively execute our growth strategy requires that we: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">expand our general and administrative functions; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">establish and build a marketing and commercial organization; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">identify, recruit, retain, incentivize and integrate additional employees; </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">30 </P>


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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">manage our internal development efforts effectively while carrying out our contractual obligations to third parties; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">continue to improve our operational, legal, financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If we are not able to attract, retain and motivate necessary personnel to accomplish our business objectives, we may experience constraints
that will significantly impede the achievement of our development objectives, our ability to raise additional capital and our ability to implement our business strategy. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Significant disruptions of information technology systems or breaches of data security could adversely affect our business. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our business is increasingly dependent on critical, complex and interdependent information technology systems to support business processes as
well as internal and external communications. The size and complexity of our computer systems make them vulnerable to breakdown, malicious intrusion and computer viruses. We have developed systems and processes that are designed to protect our
information and prevent data loss and other security breaches, including systems and processes designed to reduce the impact of a security breach; however, such measures cannot provide absolute security, and we have taken, and will take, additional
security measures to protect against any future intrusion. Any failure to protect against breakdowns, malicious intrusions and computer viruses may result in the impairment of production and key business processes. In addition, our systems are
potentially vulnerable to data security breaches, whether by employees or others, which may expose sensitive data to unauthorized persons. Such data security breaches could lead to the loss of trade secrets or other intellectual property, or could
lead to the public exposure of personal information of our employees, clinical trial patients, customers, and others. Such disruptions and breaches of security could expose us to liability and have a material adverse effect on the operating results
and financial condition of our business. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We incur significant costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management will devote
substantial time to new compliance initiatives. We may fail to comply with the rules that apply to public companies, including Section&nbsp;404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which could result in sanctions or other penalties that would harm our
business. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses as a public company, including costs resulting from public
company reporting obligations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and regulations regarding corporate governance practices. The listing requirements of The NASDAQ Global Market require that we satisfy certain
corporate governance requirements relating to director independence, distributing annual and interim reports, stockholder meetings, approvals and voting, soliciting proxies, conflicts of interest and a code of conduct. Our management and other
personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to ensure that we comply with all of these requirements. Moreover, the reporting requirements, rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some
activities more time consuming and costly. Any changes we make to comply with these obligations may not be sufficient to allow us to satisfy our obligations as a public company on a timely basis, or at all. These reporting requirements, rules and
regulations, coupled with the increase in potential litigation exposure associated with being a public company, could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or board committees
or to serve as executive officers, or to obtain certain types of insurance, including directors&#146; and officers&#146; insurance, on acceptable terms. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, we are in the process of implementing an enterprise resource planning, or ERP, system for our company. An ERP system is intended
to combine and streamline the management of our financial, accounting, human resources, sales and marketing and other functions, enabling us to manage operations and track performance more effectively. However, an ERP system will require us to
complete many processes and procedures for the effective use of the system or to run our business using the system, which may result in substantial costs. Additionally, during the conversion process, we may be limited in our ability to convert any
business that we acquire to the ERP. Any disruptions or difficulties in implementing or using an ERP system could adversely affect our controls and harm our business, including our ability to forecast or make sales and collect our receivables.
Moreover, such disruption or difficulties could result in unanticipated costs and diversion of management attention. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are subject to
Section&nbsp;404 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or Section&nbsp;404, and the related rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, which generally require our management and independent registered public accounting firm to report on
the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Section&nbsp;404 requires an annual management assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. However, for so long as we remain an emerging growth
company as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or JOBS Act, we intend to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to public companies that are emerging growth companies,
including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section&nbsp;404. Once we are no longer an emerging growth company or, if prior to such date, we opt to no longer take advantage of the
applicable exemption, we will be required to include an </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">31 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
opinion from our independent registered public accounting firm on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier
of (1)&nbsp;the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our IPO (December 31, 2019), (2) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.0&nbsp;billion, or
(3)&nbsp;the last day of the fiscal year in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our common stock that is held by <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-affiliates</FONT> exceeds $700&nbsp;million as of
the prior June&nbsp;30 th , and (4)&nbsp;the date on which we have issued more than $1.0&nbsp;billion in <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-convertible</FONT> debt during the prior three-year period. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">During the course of our review and testing of our internal controls, we may identify deficiencies and be unable to remediate them before we
must provide the required reports. Furthermore, if we have a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting, we may not detect errors on a timely basis and our financial statements may be materially misstated. We or our
independent registered public accounting firm may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting, which could harm our operating results, cause investors to lose confidence in our
reported financial information and cause the trading price of our stock to fall. In addition, as a public company we are required to file accurate and timely quarterly and annual reports with the SEC under the Exchange Act. Any failure to report our
financial results on an accurate and timely basis could result in sanctions, lawsuits, delisting of our shares from The NASDAQ Global Market or other adverse consequences that would materially harm our business. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We may form collaboration partnerships in the future, and we may not realize the benefits of such collaborations. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may form collaboration partnerships, create joint ventures or enter into licensing arrangements with third parties that we believe will
complement or augment our existing business. In particular, we expect to form one or more collaboration partnerships in connection with the commercialization of tenapanor outside of the United States, if approved. We face significant competition in
seeking appropriate collaboration partners, and the negotiation process to secure appropriate terms is time-consuming and complex. Any delays in identifying suitable collaboration partners and entering into agreements to develop our product
candidates could also delay the commercialization of our product candidates, which may reduce their competitiveness even if they reach the market. Moreover, we may not be successful in our efforts to establish such a collaboration partnership for
any future product candidates and programs on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. This may be because our product candidates and programs may be deemed to be at too early of a stage of development for collaborative effort, our research and
development pipeline may be viewed as insufficient, and/or third parties may not view our product candidates and programs as having sufficient potential for commercialization, including the likelihood of an adequate safety and efficacy profile. Even
if we are successful in entering into a collaboration partnership or license arrangement, there is no guarantee that the collaboration partnership will be successful, or that any future collaboration partner will commit sufficient resources to the
development, regulatory approval, and commercialization effort for such products, or that such alliances will result in us achieving revenues that justify such transactions. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We may engage in strategic transactions that could impact our liquidity, increase our expenses and present significant distractions to our management.
</I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We intend to consider strategic transactions, such as acquisitions of companies, asset purchases, and or <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">in-licensing</FONT> of products, product candidates or technologies. Additional potential transactions that we may consider include a variety of different business arrangements, including spin-offs, collaboration
partnerships, joint ventures, restructurings, divestitures, business combinations and investments. Any such transaction may require us to incur <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-recurring</FONT> or other charges, may increase our near- and
long-term expenditures and may pose significant integration challenges or disrupt our management or business, which could adversely affect our operations and financial results. For example, these transactions may entail numerous operational and
financial risks, including: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">up-front,</FONT> milestone and royalty payments, equity investments and financial support of new research and development candidates including increase of personnel, all of which may be
substantial; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">exposure to unknown liabilities; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">disruption of our business and diversion of our management&#146;s time and attention in order to develop acquired products, product candidates or technologies; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">incurrence of substantial debt or dilutive issuances of equity securities to pay for acquisitions; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">higher-than-expected acquisition and integration costs; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">write-downs of assets or goodwill or impairment charges; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">increased amortization expenses; </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">32 </P>


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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">difficulty and cost in combining the operations and personnel of any acquired businesses with our operations and personnel; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">impairment of relationships with key suppliers or customers of any acquired businesses due to changes in management and ownership; and </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">inability to retain key employees of any acquired businesses. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accordingly, although there can
be no assurance that we will undertake or successfully complete any transactions of the nature described above, any transactions that we do complete may be subject to the foregoing or other risks and could have a material adverse effect on our
business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>If we seek and obtain approval to commercialize our product candidates outside
of the United States, or otherwise engage in business outside of the United States, a variety of risks associated with international operations could materially adversely affect our business. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may decide to seek marketing approval for certain of our product candidates outside the United States or otherwise engage in business
outside the United States, including entering into contractual agreements with third-parties. We expect that we will be subject to additional risks related to entering into these international business markets and relationships, including: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">different regulatory requirements for drug approvals in foreign countries; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">differing United States and foreign drug import and export rules; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">reduced protection for intellectual property rights in foreign countries; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">unexpected changes in tariffs, trade barriers and regulatory requirements; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">different reimbursement systems, and different competitive drugs; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">economic weakness, including inflation, or political instability in particular foreign economies and markets; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">compliance with tax, employment, immigration and labor laws for employees living or traveling abroad; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">foreign taxes, including withholding of payroll taxes; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">foreign currency fluctuations, which could result in increased operating expenses and reduced revenues, and other obligations incident to doing business in another country; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">workforce uncertainty in countries where labor unrest is more common than in the United States; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">production shortages resulting from any events affecting raw material supply or manufacturing capabilities abroad; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">potential liability resulting from development work conducted by these distributors; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">business interruptions resulting from geopolitical actions, including war and terrorism, or natural disasters. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Our business involves the use of hazardous materials and we and third-parties with whom we contract must comply with environmental laws and regulations,
which can be expensive and restrict how we do business. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our research and development activities involve the controlled storage,
use and disposal of hazardous materials, including the components of our product candidates and other hazardous compounds. We and manufacturers and suppliers with whom we may contract are subject to laws and regulations governing the use,
manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of these hazardous materials. In some cases, these hazardous materials and various wastes resulting from their use are stored at our and our manufacturers&#146; facilities pending their use and disposal.
We cannot eliminate the risk of contamination, which could cause an interruption of our commercialization efforts, research and development efforts and business operations, environmental damage resulting in costly
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">clean-up</FONT> and liabilities under applicable laws and regulations governing the use, storage, handling and disposal of these materials and specified waste products. We cannot guarantee that that the safety
procedures utilized by third-party manufacturers and suppliers with whom we may contract will comply with the standards prescribed by laws and regulations or will eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials. In such
an event, we may be held liable for any resulting damages and such liability could exceed our resources and state or federal or other applicable authorities may curtail our use of certain materials and/or interrupt our business operations.
Furthermore, environmental laws and regulations are complex, change frequently and have tended to become more stringent. We cannot predict the impact of such changes and cannot be certain of our future compliance. We do not currently carry
biological or hazardous waste insurance coverage. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">33 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Our internal computer systems, or those of our CROs or other contractors or consultants, may fail or suffer
security breaches, which could result in a material disruption of our product development programs. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Despite the implementation of
security measures, our internal computer systems and those of our CROs and other contractors and consultants are vulnerable to damage from computer viruses, unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical
failures. While we have not experienced any such system failure, accident or security breach to date, if such an event were to occur and cause interruptions in our operations, it could result in a material disruption of our programs. For example,
the loss of clinical trial data from completed or ongoing clinical trials for any of our product candidates could result in delays in our regulatory approval efforts and significantly increase our costs to recover or reproduce the data. To the
extent that any disruption or security breach results in a loss of or damage to our data or applications, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incur liability and the further development of our product
candidates could be delayed. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We may be adversely affected by the current global economic environment. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our ability to attract and retain collaboration partners or customers, invest in and grow our business and meet our financial obligations
depends on our operating and financial performance, which, in turn, is subject to numerous factors, including the prevailing economic conditions and financial, business and other factors beyond our control, such as the rate of unemployment, the
number of uninsured persons in the United States, presidential elections, other political influences and inflationary pressures. Our results of operations could be adversely affected by general conditions in the global economy and in the global
financial markets. The recent global financial crisis caused extreme volatility and disruptions in the capital and credit markets. We cannot anticipate all the ways in which the current global economic climate and global financial market conditions
could adversely impact our business. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are exposed to risks associated with reduced profitability and the potential financial
instability of our collaboration partners or customers, many of which may be adversely affected by volatile conditions in the financial markets. For example, unemployment and underemployment, and the resultant loss of insurance, may decrease the
demand for healthcare services and pharmaceuticals. If fewer patients are seeking medical care because they do not have insurance coverage, our collaboration partners or customers may experience reductions in revenues, profitability and/or cash flow
that could lead them to reduce their support of our programs or financing activities. If collaboration partners or customers are not successful in generating sufficient revenue or are precluded from securing financing, they may not be able to pay,
or may delay payment of, accounts receivable that are owed to us. In addition, the volatility in the financial markets could cause significant fluctuations in the interest rate and currency markets. We currently do not hedge for these risks. The
foregoing events, in turn, could adversely affect our financial condition and liquidity. In addition, if economic challenges in the United States result in widespread and prolonged unemployment, either regionally or on a national basis, prior to the
effectiveness or after the repeal of certain provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, collectively known as the Affordable Care Act, a substantial number of people
may become uninsured or underinsured. To the extent economic challenges result in fewer individuals pursuing or being able to afford our product candidates once commercialized, our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows
could be adversely affected. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We may be adversely affected by earthquakes or other natural disasters and our business continuity and disaster
recovery plans may not adequately protect us from a serious disaster. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our corporate headquarters and other facilities are located
in the San Francisco Bay Area, which in the past has experienced severe earthquakes. We do not carry earthquake insurance. Earthquakes or other natural disasters could severely disrupt our operations, and have a material adverse effect on our
business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If a natural disaster, power outage or other event occurred that
prevented us from using all or a significant portion of our headquarters, that damaged critical infrastructure, such as our enterprise financial systems or manufacturing resource planning and enterprise quality systems, or that otherwise disrupted
operations, it may be difficult or, in certain cases, impossible for us to continue our business for a substantial period of time. The disaster recovery and business continuity plans we have in place currently are limited and are unlikely to prove
adequate in the event of a serious disaster or similar event. We may incur substantial expenses as a result of the limited nature of our disaster recovery and business continuity plans, which, particularly when taken together with our lack of
earthquake insurance, could have a material adverse effect on our business. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">34 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Risks Related to Government Regulation </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>The regulatory approval processes of the FDA and comparable foreign authorities are lengthy, time consuming and inherently unpredictable. If we are
ultimately unable to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates, our business will be substantially harmed. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The
research, testing, manufacturing, labeling, approval, selling, import, export, marketing and distribution of drug products are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and other regulatory authorities in the United States and other countries,
which regulations differ from country to country. Neither we nor any of our collaboration partners is permitted to market any drug product in the United States until we receive marketing approval from the FDA. We have not submitted an application or
obtained marketing approval for any of our product candidates anywhere in the world. Obtaining regulatory approval of a NDA can be a lengthy, expensive and uncertain process. In addition, failure to comply with FDA and other applicable United States
and foreign regulatory requirements may subject us to administrative or judicially imposed sanctions or other actions, including: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">warning letters; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">civil and criminal penalties; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">injunctions; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">withdrawal of regulatory approval of products; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">product seizure or detention; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">product recalls; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">total or partial suspension of production; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">refusal to approve pending NDAs or supplements to approved NDAs. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Prior to obtaining approval
to commercialize a drug candidate in the United States or abroad, we or our collaboration partners must demonstrate with substantial evidence from well-controlled clinical trials, and to the satisfaction of the FDA or other foreign regulatory
agencies, that such drug candidates are safe and effective for their intended uses. The number of nonclinical studies and clinical trials that will be required for FDA approval varies depending on the drug candidate, the disease or condition that
the drug candidate is designed to address, and the regulations applicable to any particular drug candidate. Results from nonclinical studies and clinical trials can be interpreted in different ways. Even if we believe the nonclinical or clinical
data for our drug candidates are promising, such data may not be sufficient to support approval by the FDA and other regulatory authorities. Administering drug candidates to humans may produce undesirable side effects, which could interrupt, delay
or halt clinical trials and result in the FDA or other regulatory authorities denying approval of a drug candidate for any or all targeted indications. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The time required to obtain approval by the FDA and comparable foreign authorities is unpredictable, typically takes many years following the
commencement of clinical studies, and depends upon numerous factors. The FDA and comparable foreign authorities have substantial discretion in the approval process and we may encounter matters with the FDA or such comparable authorities that
requires us to expend additional time and resources and delay or prevent the approval of our product candidates. For example, the FDA may require us to conduct additional studies or trials for drug product either prior to or post- approval, such as
additional drug-drug interaction studies or safety or efficacy studies or trials, or it may object to elements of our clinical development program such as the number of subjects in our current clinical trials from the United States. In addition,
approval policies, regulations or the type and amount of clinical data necessary to gain approval may change during the course of a product candidate&#146;s clinical development and may vary among jurisdictions, which may cause delays in the
approval or result in a decision not to approve an application for regulatory approval. Despite the time and expense exerted, failure can occur at any stage. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Applications for our product candidates could fail to receive regulatory approval for many reasons, including but not limited to the following: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may disagree with the design or implementation of our, or our collaboration partners&#146;, clinical studies; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the population studied in the clinical program may not be sufficiently broad or representative to assure safety in the full population for which approval is sought; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may disagree with the interpretation of data from preclinical studies or clinical studies; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the data collected from clinical studies of our product candidates may not be sufficient to support the submission of a NDA or other submission or to obtain regulatory approval in the United States or elsewhere;
</TD></TR></TABLE>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">we or our collaboration partners may be unable to demonstrate to the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities that a product candidate&#146;s risk- benefit ratio for its proposed indication is acceptable;
</TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may fail to approve the manufacturing processes, test procedures and specifications, or facilities of third-party manufacturers responsible for clinical and
commercial supplies; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering our clinical data insufficient for approval. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This lengthy approval process, as well as the unpredictability of the results of clinical studies, may result in our failure and/or that of
our collaboration partners to obtain regulatory approval to market any of our product candidates, which would significantly harm our business, results of operations, and prospects. Additionally, if the FDA requires that we conduct additional
clinical studies, places limitations in our label, delays approval to market our product candidates or limits the use of our products, our business and results of operations may be harmed. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, even if we were to obtain approval, regulatory authorities may approve any of our product candidates for fewer or more limited
indications than we request, may not approve the price we intend to charge for our products, may grant approval contingent on the performance of costly post-marketing clinical trials, or may approve a product candidate with a label that does not
include the labeling claims necessary or desirable for the successful commercialization of that product candidate. Any of the foregoing scenarios could materially harm the commercial prospects for our product candidates. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Even if we receive regulatory approval for a product candidate, we will be subject to ongoing regulatory obligations and continued regulatory review,
which may result in significant additional expense. Additionally, any product candidates, if approved, could be subject to labeling and other restrictions and market withdrawal, and we may be subject to penalties if we fail to comply with regulatory
requirements or experience unanticipated problems with our products. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Even if a drug is approved by the FDA or foreign regulatory
authorities, the manufacturing processes, labeling, packaging, distribution, adverse event reporting, storage, advertising, promotion and recordkeeping for the product will be subject to extensive and ongoing regulatory requirements. These
requirements include submissions of safety and other post-marketing information and reports, registration, as well as continued compliance with cGMPs and GCP regulations for any clinical trials that we conduct post-approval. As such, we and our
third party contract manufacturers will be subject to continual review and periodic inspections to assess compliance with regulatory requirements. Accordingly, we and others with whom we work must continue to expend time, money, and effort in all
areas of regulatory compliance, including manufacturing, production, and quality control. Regulatory authorities may also impose significant restrictions on a product&#146;s indicated uses or marketing or impose ongoing requirements for potentially
costly post-marketing studies. Furthermore, any new legislation addressing drug safety issues could result in delays or increased costs to assure compliance. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We will also be required to report certain adverse reactions and production problems, if any, to the FDA, and to comply with requirements
concerning advertising and promotion for our products. Promotional communications with respect to prescription drugs are subject to a variety of legal and regulatory restrictions and must be consistent with the information in the product&#146;s
approved label. As such, we may not promote our products for indications or uses for which they do not have FDA approval. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Later discovery
of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with our third-party manufacturers or manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in, among
other things: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">warning letters, fines or holds on clinical trials; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">restrictions on the marketing or manufacturing of the product, withdrawal of the product from the market or voluntary or mandatory product recalls; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">suspension or revocation of existing regulatory approvals; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">suspension of any of our ongoing clinical trials; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications submitted by us; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">restrictions on our or our contract manufacturers&#146; operations; or </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">product seizure or detention, or refusal to permit the import or export of products. </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">36 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Any government investigation of alleged violations of law could require us to expend significant
time and resources in response, and could generate negative publicity. Any failure to comply with ongoing regulatory requirements may significantly and adversely affect our ability to commercialize our product candidates. If regulatory sanctions are
applied or if regulatory approval is withdrawn, the value of our company and our operating results will be adversely affected. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In
addition, the FDA&#146;s policies may change and additional government regulations may be enacted that could prevent, limit or delay regulatory approval of our product candidates. If we are slow or unable to adapt to changes in existing requirements
or the adoption of new requirements or policies, or if we are not able to maintain regulatory compliance, we may lose any marketing approval that we may have obtained, which would adversely affect our business, prospects and ability to achieve or
sustain profitability. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We and our contract manufacturers are subject to significant regulation with respect to manufacturing our product
candidates. The manufacturing facilities on which we rely may not continue to meet regulatory requirements or may not be able to meet supply demands. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">All entities involved in the preparation of product candidates for clinical studies or commercial sale, including our existing contract
manufacturers for our product candidates are subject to extensive regulation. Components of a finished therapeutic product approved for commercial sale or used in late-stage clinical studies must be manufactured in accordance with cGMP regulations.
These regulations govern manufacturing processes and procedures (including record keeping) and the implementation and operation of quality systems to control and assure the quality of investigational products and products approved for sale. Poor
control of production processes can lead to the introduction of contaminants or to inadvertent changes in the properties or stability of our product candidates that may not be detectable in final product testing. We or our contract manufacturers
must supply all necessary documentation in support of an NDA or comparable regulatory filing on a timely basis and must adhere to cGMP regulations enforced by the FDA and other regulatory agencies through their facilities inspection programs. The
facilities and quality systems of some or all of our third-party contractors must pass a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">pre-approval</FONT> inspection for compliance with the applicable regulations as a condition of regulatory approval of our
product candidates. In addition, the regulatory authorities may, at any time, audit or inspect a manufacturing facility involved with the preparation of our product candidates or our other potential products or the associated quality systems for
compliance with the regulations applicable to the activities being conducted. Although we oversee the contract manufacturers, we cannot control the manufacturing process of, and are completely dependent on, our contract manufacturing partners for
compliance with the regulatory requirements. If these facilities do not pass a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">pre-approval</FONT> plant inspection, regulatory approval of the products may not be granted or may be substantially delayed until any
violations are corrected to the satisfaction of the regulatory authority, if ever. In addition, we have no control over the ability of our contract manufacturers to maintain adequate quality control, quality assurance and qualified personnel. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The regulatory authorities also may, at any time following approval of a product for sale, audit the manufacturing facilities of our
third-party contractors. If any such inspection or audit identifies a failure to comply with applicable regulations or if a violation of our product specifications or applicable regulations occurs independent of such an inspection or audit, we or
the relevant regulatory authority may require remedial measures that may be costly and/or time consuming for us or a third party to implement, and that may include the temporary or permanent suspension of a clinical study or commercial sales or the
temporary or permanent suspension of production or closure of a facility. Any such remedial measures imposed upon us or third parties with whom we contract could materially harm our business. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If we or any of our third-party manufacturers fail to maintain regulatory compliance, the FDA or other applicable regulatory authority can
impose regulatory sanctions including, among other things, refusal to approve a pending application for a new drug product, withdrawal of an approval, or suspension of production. As a result, our business, financial condition, and results of
operations may be materially harmed. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Additionally, if supply from one approved manufacturer is interrupted, an alternative manufacturer
would need to be qualified through an NDA, a supplemental NDA or equivalent foreign regulatory filing, which could result in further delay. The regulatory agencies may also require additional studies if a new manufacturer is relied upon for
commercial production. Switching manufacturers may involve substantial costs and is likely to result in a delay in our desired clinical and commercial timelines. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">These factors could cause us to incur higher costs and could cause the delay or termination of clinical studies, regulatory submissions,
required approvals, or commercialization of our product candidates. Furthermore, if our suppliers fail to meet contractual requirements and we are unable to secure one or more replacement suppliers capable of production at a substantially equivalent
cost, our clinical studies may be delayed or we could lose potential revenue. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">37 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>If we fail to comply or are found to have failed to comply with FDA and other regulations related to the
promotion of our products for unapproved uses, we could be subject to criminal penalties, substantial fines or other sanctions and damage awards. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The regulations relating to the promotion of products for unapproved uses are complex and subject to substantial interpretation by the FDA and
other government agencies. If tenapanor, RDX7675 or our other product candidates receive marketing approval, we and our collaborating partners, if any, will be restricted from marketing the product outside of its approved labeling, also referred to
as <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">off-label</FONT> promotion. However, physicians may nevertheless prescribe an approved product to their patients in a manner that is inconsistent with the approved label, which is an
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">off-label</FONT> use. We intend to implement compliance and training programs designed to ensure that our sales and marketing practices comply with applicable regulations regarding
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">off-label</FONT> promotion. Notwithstanding these programs, the FDA or other government agencies may allege or find that our practices constitute prohibited promotion of our product candidates for unapproved uses. We
also cannot be sure that our employees will comply with company policies and applicable regulations regarding the promotion of products for unapproved uses. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Over the past several years, a significant number of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have been the target of inquiries and
investigations by various federal and state regulatory, investigative, prosecutorial and administrative entities in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other sales practices, including the Department of Justice and
various U.S. Attorneys&#146; Offices, the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services, the FDA, the Federal Trade Commission and various state Attorneys General offices. These investigations have alleged violations of
various federal and state laws and regulations, including claims asserting antitrust violations, violations of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, the False Claims Act, the Prescription Drug Marketing Act, anti-kickback laws, and other alleged
violations in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses, pricing and Medicare and/or Medicaid reimbursement. Many of these investigations originate as &#147;qui tam&#148; actions under the False Claims Act. Under the False Claims
Act, any individual can bring a claim on behalf of the government alleging that a person or entity has presented a false claim, or caused a false claim to be submitted, to the government for payment. The person bringing a qui tam suit is entitled to
a share of any recovery or settlement. Qui tam suits, also commonly referred to as &#147;whistleblower suits,&#148; are often brought by current or former employees. In a qui tam suit, the government must decide whether to intervene and prosecute
the case. If it declines, the individual may pursue the case alone. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If the FDA or any other governmental agency initiates an enforcement
action against us or if we are the subject of a qui tam suit and it is determined that we violated prohibitions relating to the promotion of products for unapproved uses, we could be subject to substantial civil or criminal fines or damage awards
and other sanctions such as consent decrees and corporate integrity agreements pursuant to which our activities would be subject to ongoing scrutiny and monitoring to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Any such fines, awards or
other sanctions would have an adverse effect on our revenue, business, financial prospects and reputation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>If approved, tenapanor, RDX7675 and our
other product candidates may cause or contribute to adverse medical events that we are required to report to regulatory agencies and if we fail to do so we could be subject to sanctions that would materially harm our business. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Some participants in clinical studies of tenapanor have reported adverse effects after being treated with tenapanor, including diarrhea,
nausea, flatulence, abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain, abdominal distention and changes in electrolytes. If we are successful in commercializing any products, FDA and foreign regulatory agency regulations require that we report certain
information about adverse medical events if those products may have caused or contributed to those adverse events. The timing of our obligation to report would be triggered by the date we become aware of the adverse event as well as the nature of
the event. We may fail to report adverse events we become aware of within the prescribed timeframe. We may also fail to appreciate that we have become aware of a reportable adverse event, especially if it is not reported to us as an adverse event or
if it is an adverse event that is unexpected or removed in time from the use of our products. If we fail to comply with our reporting obligations, the FDA or a foreign regulatory agency could take action, including criminal prosecution, the
imposition of civil monetary penalties, seizure of our products or delay in approval or clearance of future products. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Our employees, independent
contractors, principal investigators, CROs, collaboration partners, consultants and vendors may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including noncompliance with regulatory standards and requirements. </I></B></P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">38 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are exposed to the risk that our employees, independent contractors, principal investigators,
CROs, collaboration partners, consultants and vendors may engage in fraudulent conduct or other illegal activity. Misconduct by these parties could include intentional, reckless and/or negligent conduct or unauthorized activities that violate:
(1)&nbsp;FDA regulations, including those laws that require the reporting of true, complete and accurate information to the FDA; (2)&nbsp;manufacturing standards; (3)&nbsp;federal and state healthcare fraud and abuse laws and regulations; or
(4)&nbsp;laws that require the reporting of true and accurate financial information and data. Specifically, sales, marketing and business arrangements in the healthcare industry are subject to extensive laws and regulations intended to prevent
fraud, kickbacks, self-dealing and other abusive practices. These laws and regulations may restrict or prohibit a wide range of pricing, discounting, marketing and promotion, sales commission, customer incentive programs and other business
arrangements. These activities also include the improper use of information obtained in the course of clinical trials, which could result in regulatory sanctions and serious harm to our reputation. It is not always possible to identify and deter
misconduct by employees and other third parties, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other
actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to be in compliance with such laws or regulations. Additionally, we are subject to the risk that a person or government could allege such fraud or other misconduct, even if none occurred. If any such
actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could have a significant impact on our business, including the imposition of significant civil, criminal and administrative
penalties, damages, monetary fines, disgorgements, possible exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid and other federal healthcare programs, individual imprisonment, other sanctions, contractual damages, reputational harm, diminished
profits and future earnings, and curtailment of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our results of operations. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Failure to obtain regulatory approvals in foreign jurisdictions would prevent us from marketing our products internationally. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In order to market any product in the EEA (which is composed of the 28 Member States of the European Union plus Norway, Iceland and
Liechtenstein), and many other foreign jurisdictions, separate regulatory approvals are required. In the EEA, medicinal products can only be commercialized after obtaining a Marketing Authorization, or MA. Before granting the MA, the EMA or the
competent authorities of the Member States of the EEA make an assessment of the risk&#150;benefit balance of the product on the basis of scientific criteria concerning its quality, safety and efficacy. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The approval procedures vary among countries and can involve additional clinical testing, and the time required to obtain approval may differ
from that required to obtain FDA approval. Clinical trials conducted in one country may not be accepted by regulatory authorities in other countries. Approval by the FDA does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other countries, and
approval by one or more foreign regulatory authorities does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other foreign countries or by the FDA. However, a failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one country may have a negative
effect on the regulatory process in others. The foreign regulatory approval process may include all of the risks associated with obtaining FDA approval. We may not be able to file for regulatory approvals or to do so on a timely basis, and even if
we do file we may not receive necessary approvals to commercialize our products in any market. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We and our collaboration partners, if any, may be
subject to healthcare laws, regulation and enforcement; our failure or the failure of any such collaboration partners to comply with these laws could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial conditions. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Although we do not currently have any products on the market, once we begin commercializing our products, we and our collaboration partners,
if any, may be subject to additional healthcare statutory and regulatory requirements and enforcement by the federal government and the states and foreign governments in which we conduct our business. The laws that may affect our ability to operate
as a commercial organization include: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, persons from knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or paying remuneration, directly or indirectly, in exchange for or to induce
either the referral of an individual for, or the purchase, order or recommendation of, any good or service for which payment may be made under federal healthcare programs such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">federal false claims laws which prohibit, among other things, individuals or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, claims for payment from Medicare, Medicaid, or other third-party payors that
are false or fraudulent; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">federal criminal laws that prohibit executing a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program or making false statements relating to healthcare matters; </TD></TR></TABLE>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, which governs the conduct of certain electronic healthcare
transactions and protects the security and privacy of protected health information; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the federal physician sunshine requirements under the Affordable Care Act, which requires manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics, and medical supplies to report annually to the CMS information related to payments
and other transfers of value to physicians, other healthcare providers, and teaching hospitals, and ownership and investment interests held by physicians and other healthcare providers and their immediate family members; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">state law equivalents of each of the above federal laws, such as anti-kickback and false claims laws which may apply to items or services reimbursed by any third-party payor, including commercial insurers;
</TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">state laws that require pharmaceutical companies to comply with the pharmaceutical industry&#146;s voluntary compliance guidelines and the applicable compliance guidance promulgated by the federal government, or
otherwise restrict payments that may be made to healthcare providers and other potential referral sources; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">state laws that require drug manufacturers to report information related to payments and other transfers of value to physicians and other healthcare providers or pricing information and marketing expenditures; and state
laws governing the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant ways, thus complicating compliance efforts; and </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">European and other foreign law equivalents of each of the laws, including reporting requirements detailing interactions with and payments to healthcare providers. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Because of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of the statutory exceptions and safe harbors available, it is possible that some of
our business activities could be subject to challenge under one or more of such laws. The risk of our being found in violation of these laws is increased by the fact that many of them have not been fully interpreted by the regulatory authorities or
the courts, and their provisions are open to a variety of interpretations. Further, the Affordable Care Act, among other things, amends the intent requirement of the federal anti-kickback and criminal health care fraud statutes. A person or entity
no longer needs to have actual knowledge of this statute or specific intent to violate it. In addition, the Affordable Care Act provides that the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the
federal anti-kickback statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the false claims statutes. Any action against us for violation of these laws, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal
expenses and divert our management&#146;s attention from the operation of our business. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the laws described above or any other governmental laws and regulations that apply to us, we may be
subject to penalties, including civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, the exclusion from participation in federal and state healthcare programs and imprisonment, any of which could
adversely affect our ability to market our products and adversely impact our financial results. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Legislative or regulatory healthcare reforms in the
United States may make it more difficult and costly for us to obtain regulatory clearance or approval of our product candidates and to produce, market and distribute our products after clearance or approval is obtained. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">From time to time, legislation is drafted and introduced in Congress that could significantly change the statutory provisions governing the
regulatory clearance or approval, manufacture, and marketing of regulated products or the reimbursement thereof. In addition, FDA regulations and guidance are often revised or reinterpreted by the FDA in ways that may significantly affect our
business and our products. Any new regulations or revisions or reinterpretations of existing regulations may impose additional costs or lengthen review times of our product candidates. We cannot determine what effect changes in regulations,
statutes, legal interpretation or policies, when and if promulgated, enacted or adopted may have on our business in the future. Such changes could, among other things, require: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">additional clinical trials to be conducted prior to obtaining approval; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">changes to manufacturing methods; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">recall, replacement, or discontinuance of one or more of our products; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">additional record keeping. </TD></TR></TABLE>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Each of these would likely entail substantial time and cost and could materially harm our
business and our financial results. In addition, delays in receipt of or failure to receive regulatory clearances or approvals for any future products would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, the full impact of recent healthcare reform and other changes in the healthcare industry and in healthcare spending is currently
unknown, and may adversely affect our business model. In the United States, the Affordable Care Act was enacted in 2010 with a goal of reducing the cost of healthcare and substantially changing the way healthcare is financed by both government and
private insurers. The Affordable Care Act, among other things, increased the minimum Medicaid rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program and extended the rebate program to individuals enrolled in Medicaid managed care
organizations, established annual fees and taxes on manufacturers of certain branded prescription drugs, and created a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50%
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">point-of-sale</FONT></FONT> discounts off negotiated prices of applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period as a condition for the
manufacturer&#146;s outpatient drugs to be covered under Medicare Part D. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We currently expect that federal and state legislatures within
the United States and foreign governments will continue to consider changes to existing healthcare legislation, and we currently expect that the new Presidential Administration and U.S. Congress will seek to modify or repeal all, or certain
provisions of, the Affordable Care Act. There is still uncertainty with respect to any regulatory changes, and such regulatory changes could have an impact on coverage and reimbursement for healthcare items and services covered by plans that were
otherwise authorized by the Affordable Care Act. However, we cannot predict the reform initiatives that may be adopted in the future or whether initiatives that have been adopted will be repealed or modified. The continuing efforts of the
government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare may adversely affect the demand for any drug products for which we may obtain regulatory approval, our
ability to set a price that we believe is fair for our products, our ability to obtain coverage and reimbursement approval for a product, our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability, and the level of taxes that we are
required to pay. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted in the United States since the Affordable Care Act was enacted.
These new laws, among other things, included aggregate reductions of Medicare payments to providers of 2% per fiscal year that will remain in effect through 2025 unless additional action is taken by Congress, additional specific reductions in
Medicare payments to several types of providers, including hospitals, imaging centers and cancer treatment centers, and an increase in the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five
years. Recently, there has also been heightened governmental scrutiny over the manner in which drug manufacturers set prices for their marketed products, which has resulted in several Congressional inquiries and proposed bills designed to, among
other things, bring more transparency to product pricing, review the relationship between pricing and manufacturer patient programs, and reform government program reimbursement methodologies for drug products. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Risks Related to Intellectual Property </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We may
become subject to claims alleging infringement of third parties&#146; patents or proprietary rights and/or claims seeking to invalidate our patents, which would be costly, time consuming and, if successfully asserted against us, delay or prevent the
development and commercialization of tenapanor, RDX7675, RDX8940 or our other product candidates, or prevent or delay the continued use of our drug discovery and development platform, including APECCS. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">There have been many lawsuits and other proceedings asserting infringement or misappropriation of patents and other intellectual property
rights in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. There can be no assurances that we will not be subject to claims alleging that the manufacture, use or sale of tenapanor, RDX7675 or any other product candidates, or that the use of our drug
discovery and development platform, including APECCS, infringes existing or future third-party patents, or that such claims, if any, will not be successful. Because patent applications can take many years to issue and may be confidential for 18
months or more after filing, and because pending patent claims can be revised before issuance, there may be applications now pending which may later result in issued patents that may be infringed by the manufacture, use or sale of tenapanor, RDX7675
or other product candidates or by the use of APECCS. Moreover, we may face patent infringement claims from <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-practicing</FONT> entities that have no relevant product revenue and against whom our own patent
portfolio may thus have no deterrent effect. We may be unaware of one or more issued patents that would be infringed by the manufacture, sale or use of tenapanor, RDX7675 or our other product candidates, or by the use of APECCS. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may be subject to third-party patent infringement claims in the future against us or our that would cause us to incur
</P>
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substantial expenses and, if successful against us, could cause us to pay substantial damages, including treble damages and attorney&#146;s fees if we are found to be willfully infringing a third
party&#146;s patents. We may be required to indemnify future collaboration partners against such claims. We are not aware of any threatened or pending claims related to these matters, but in the future litigation may be necessary to defend against
such claims. If a patent infringement suit were brought against us we could be forced to stop or delay research, development, manufacturing or sales of the product or product candidate that is the subject of the suit. In addition, if a patent
infringement suit were brought against us regarding the use of APECCS, we could be forced to stop our use of APECCS or modify our processes to avoid infringement, which may not be possible at a reasonable cost, if at all, and which could result in
substantial delay in our use of APECCS for the discovery of new product candidates or potential targets. As a result of patent infringement claims, or in order to avoid potential claims, we may choose to seek, or be required to seek, a license from
the third party and would most likely be required to pay license fees or royalties or both. These licenses may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Even if we were able to obtain a license, we may be unable to maintain such licenses and
the rights may be nonexclusive, which would give our competitors access to the same intellectual property. Ultimately, we could be prevented from commercializing a product, or forced to redesign it, or to cease our use of APECCS or some other aspect
of our business operations if, as a result of actual or threatened patent infringement claims, we are unable to enter into licenses on acceptable terms, or unable to maintain such licenses when granted. Even if we are successful in defending against
such claims, such litigation can be expensive and time consuming to litigate and would divert management&#146;s attention from our core business. Any of these events could harm our business significantly. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition to infringement claims against us, if third parties prepare and file patent applications in the United States that also claim
technology similar or identical to ours, we may have to participate in interference or derivation proceedings in the United States Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO, to determine which party is entitled to a patent on the disputed invention.
We may also become involved in similar opposition proceedings in the European Patent Office or similar offices in other jurisdictions regarding our intellectual property rights with respect to our products and technology. Since patent applications
are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot be certain that we were the first to file any patent application related to our product candidates. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>If our intellectual property related to our product candidates is not adequate or if we are not able to protect our trade secrets or our confidential
information, we may not be able to compete effectively in our market. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We rely upon a combination of patents, trade secret
protection and confidentiality agreements to protect the intellectual property related to our product candidates, our drug discovery and development platform and our development programs. Any disclosure to or misappropriation by third parties of our
confidential or proprietary information could enable competitors to quickly duplicate or surpass our technological achievements, thus eroding our competitive position in our market. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The strength of patents in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical field involves complex legal and scientific questions and can be uncertain.
The patent applications that we own or license may fail to result in issued patents in the United States or in foreign countries. Additionally, our research and development efforts may result in product candidates for which patent protection is
limited or not available. Even if patents do successfully issue, third parties may challenge the validity, enforceability or scope thereof, which may result in such patents being narrowed, invalidated or held unenforceable. For example, U.S. patents
can be challenged by any person before the new USPTO Patent Trial and Appeals Board at any time before one year after that person is served an infringement complaint based on the patents. Patents granted by the European Patent Office may be
similarly opposed by any person within nine months from the publication of the grant. Similar proceedings are available in other jurisdictions, and in the United States, Europe and other jurisdictions third parties can raise questions of validity
with a patent office even before a patent has granted. Furthermore, even if they are unchallenged, our patents and patent applications may not adequately protect our intellectual property or prevent others from designing around our claims. For
example, a third party may develop a competitive product that provides therapeutic benefits similar to one or more of our product candidates but has a sufficiently different composition to fall outside the scope of our patent protection. If the
breadth or strength of protection provided by the patents and patent applications we hold or pursue with respect to our product candidates is successfully challenged, then our ability to commercialize such product candidates could be negatively
affected, and we may face unexpected competition that could have a material adverse impact on our business. Further, if we encounter delays in our clinical trials, the period of time during which we or our collaboration partners could market
tenapanor or other product candidates under patent protection would be reduced. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Even where laws provide protection, costly and
time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and the outcome of such litigation would be uncertain. If we or one of our collaboration partners were to initiate legal proceedings against a
third party to enforce a patent covering the product candidate, the defendant could counterclaim that our patent is invalid and/or unenforceable. In patent litigation in the United States, defendant counterclaims alleging invalidity and/or
unenforceability are commonplace. Grounds for a validity challenge could be an alleged failure to meet any of several statutory </P>
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requirements, including lack of novelty, obviousness or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-enablement.</FONT> Grounds for an unenforceability assertion could be an allegation that someone
connected with prosecution of the patent withheld relevant information from the USPTO, or made a misleading statement, during prosecution. The outcome following legal assertions of invalidity and unenforceability is unpredictable. With respect to
validity, for example, we cannot be certain that there is no invalidating prior art, of which we and the patent examiner were unaware during prosecution. If a defendant were to prevail on a legal assertion of invalidity and/or unenforceability
against our intellectual property related to a product candidate, we would lose at least part, and perhaps all, of the patent protection on such product candidate. Such a loss of patent protection would have a material adverse impact on our
business. Moreover, our competitors could counterclaim that we infringe their intellectual property, and some of our competitors have substantially greater intellectual property portfolios than we do. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We also rely on trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements to protect proprietary <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">know-how</FONT>
that may not be patentable, processes for which patents may be difficult to obtain and/or enforce and any other elements of our drug discovery and development processes that involve proprietary <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">know-how,</FONT>
information or technology that is not covered by patents. Although we require all of our employees, consultants, advisors and any third parties who have access to our proprietary <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">know-how,</FONT> information or
technology, to assign their inventions to us, and endeavor to execute confidentiality agreements with all such parties, we cannot be certain that we have executed such agreements with all parties who may have helped to develop our intellectual
property or who had access to our proprietary information, nor can we be certain that our agreements will not be breached by such consultants, advisors or third parties, or by our former employees. The breach of such agreements by individuals or
entities who are actively involved in the discovery and design of our potential drug candidates, or in the development of our discovery and design platform, including APECCS, could require us to pursue legal action to protect our trade secrets and
confidential information, which would be expensive, and the outcome of which would be unpredictable. If we are not successful in prohibiting the continued breach of such agreements, our business could be negatively impacted. We cannot guarantee that
our trade secrets and other confidential proprietary information will not be disclosed or that competitors will not otherwise gain access to our trade secrets or independently develop substantially equivalent information and techniques. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Further, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent or in the same manner as the laws of the
United States. As a result, we may encounter significant problems in protecting and defending our intellectual property both in the United States and abroad. If we are unable to prevent material disclosure of the intellectual property related to our
technologies to third parties, we will not be able to establish or maintain a competitive advantage in our market, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>If we do not obtain patent term extension in the United States under the Hatch-Waxman Act and in foreign countries under similar legislation, thereby
potentially extending the term of marketing exclusivity for our product candidates, our business may be materially harmed. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Depending upon the timing, duration and specifics of FDA marketing approval of our product candidates, if any, one of the U.S. patents
covering each of such approved product(s) or the use thereof may be eligible for up to five years of patent term restoration under the Hatch-Waxman Act. The Hatch-Waxman Act allows a maximum of one patent to be extended per FDA approved product.
Patent term extension also may be available in certain foreign countries upon regulatory approval of our product candidates. Nevertheless, we may not be granted patent term extension either in the United States or in any foreign country because of,
for example, failing to apply within applicable deadlines, failing to apply prior to expiration of relevant patents or otherwise failing to satisfy applicable requirements. Moreover, the term of extension, as well as the scope of patent protection
during any such extension, afforded by the governmental authority could </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">be less than we request. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If we are unable to obtain patent term extension or restoration, or the term of any such extension is less than we request, the period during
which we will have the right to exclusively market our product will be shortened and our competitors may obtain approval of competing products following our patent expiration, and our revenue could be reduced, possibly materially. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As is the case with other biopharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly patents.
Obtaining and enforcing patents in the biopharmaceutical industry involve both technological and legal complexity. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Therefore, obtaining
and enforcing biopharmaceutical patents is costly, time consuming and inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wide-ranging patent reform legislation, including the
Leahy-</P>
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Smith America Invents Act signed into law on September&nbsp;16, 2011. That Act includes a number of significant changes to U.S. patent law. These include provisions that affect the way patent
applications are prosecuted and new venues and opportunities for competitors to challenge patent portfolios. Because of that Act, the U.S. patent system is now a &#147;first to file&#148; system, which may make it more difficult to obtain patent
protection for inventions and increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our or our collaboration partners&#146; patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our or our collaboration partners&#146; issued patents,
all of which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. The United States Supreme Court has ruled on several patent cases in recent years, either narrowing the scope of patent protection available
in certain circumstances or weakening the rights of patent owners in certain situations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty with
respect to the value of patents once obtained. Depending on future actions by the U.S. Congress, the federal courts, and the USPTO, the laws and regulations governing patents could change in unpredictable ways that would weaken our ability to obtain
new patents or to enforce our existing patents and patents that we might obtain in the future. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Obtaining and maintaining our patent protection
depends on compliance with various procedural, document submission, fee payment and other requirements imposed by governmental patent agencies, and our patent protection could be reduced or eliminated for
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-compliance</FONT> with these requirements. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The USPTO and various foreign patent agencies
require compliance with a number of procedural, documentary, fee payment and other provisions to maintain patent applications and issued patents. Noncompliance with these requirements can result in abandonment or lapse of a patent or patent
application, resulting in partial or complete loss of patent rights in the relevant jurisdiction. In such an event, competitors might be able to enter the market earlier than would otherwise have been the case. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We may not be able to enforce our intellectual property rights throughout the world. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. Many
companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in certain foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of some countries, particularly developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of
patents and other intellectual property protection, especially those relating to life sciences. This could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents or the misappropriation of our other intellectual property rights. For
example, many foreign countries have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner must grant licenses to third parties. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Proceedings to enforce our patent rights in foreign jurisdictions, whether or not successful, could result in substantial costs and divert our
efforts and attention from other aspects of our business. Furthermore, while we intend to protect our intellectual property rights in our expected significant markets, we cannot ensure that we will be able to initiate or maintain similar efforts in
all jurisdictions in which we may wish to market our products. Accordingly, our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights in such countries may be inadequate. In addition, changes in the law and legal decisions by courts in the United
States and foreign countries may affect our ability to obtain and enforce adequate intellectual property protection for our technology. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We may be
subject to claims that we or our employees have misappropriated the intellectual property, including <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">know-how</FONT> or trade secrets, of a third party, or claiming ownership of what we regard as our own intellectual
property. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Many of our employees, consultants and contractors were previously employed at or engaged by other biotechnology or
pharmaceutical companies, including our competitors or potential competitors. Some of these employees, consultants and contractors, executed proprietary rights, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-disclosure</FONT> and <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-</FONT> competition agreements in connection with such previous employment. Although we try to ensure that our employees, consultants and contractors do not use the intellectual property and other proprietary
information or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">know-how</FONT> or trade secrets of others in their work for us, and do not perform work for us that is in conflict with their obligations to another employer or any other entity, we may be subject to
claims that we or these employees, consultants and contractors have used or disclosed such intellectual property, including <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">know-how,</FONT> trade secrets or other proprietary information. In addition, an employee,
advisor or consultant who performs work for us may have obligations to a third party that are in conflict with their obligations to us, and as a result such third party may claim an ownership interest in the intellectual property arising out of work
performed for us. We are not aware of any threatened or pending claims related to these matters, but in the future litigation may be necessary to defend against such claims. If we fail in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary
damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel, or access to consultants and contractors. Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to
management. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, while we typically require our employees, consultants and contractors who may be involved in the development of
</P>
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intellectual property to execute agreements assigning such intellectual property to us, we may be unsuccessful in executing such an agreement with each party who in fact develops intellectual
property that we regard as our own, which may result in claims by or against us related to the ownership of such intellectual property. If we fail in prosecuting or defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose
valuable intellectual property rights. Even if we are successful in prosecuting or defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to our management and scientific personnel. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Risks Related to Our Common Stock </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Our stock price
may be volatile and our stockholders may not be able to resell shares of our common stock at or above the price they paid. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The
trading price of our common stock is highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factors include those discussed in this &#147;Risk Factors&#148; section and
others such as: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">results from, or any delays in, clinical trial programs relating to our product candidates, including the ongoing and planned clinical trials for tenapanor, RDX7675 and RDX8940; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">ability to commercialize or obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates, or delays in commercializing or obtaining regulatory approval; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">announcements of regulatory approval, a complete response letter or a refuse to file letter to tenapanor or RDX7675, or specific label restrictions or patient populations for its use, or changes or delays in the
regulatory review process; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">announcements relating to future collaboration partnerships; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">announcements of therapeutic innovations or new products by us or our competitors; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">adverse actions taken by regulatory agencies with respect to our clinical trials, manufacturing supply chain or sales and marketing activities; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">changes or developments in laws or regulations applicable to our product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the success of our testing and clinical trials; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">failure to meet any of our projected timelines or goals with regard to the clinical development of any of our product candidates </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the success of our efforts to acquire or license or discover additional product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">any intellectual property infringement actions in which we may become involved; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the success of our efforts to obtain adequate intellectual property protection for our product candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">announcements concerning our competitors or the pharmaceutical industry in general; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">achievement of expected product sales and profitability; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">manufacture, supply or distribution shortages; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">FDA or other U.S. or foreign regulatory actions affecting us or our industry or other healthcare reform measures in the United States; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">changes in financial estimates or recommendations by securities analysts; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">trading volume of our common stock; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">sales of our common stock by us, our executive officers and directors or our stockholders in the future; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">general economic and market conditions and overall fluctuations in the United States equity markets; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the loss of any of our key scientific or management personnel. </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">45 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, the stock markets in general, and the markets for pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical
and biotechnology stocks in particular, have experienced extreme volatility that may have been unrelated to the operating performance of the issuer. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price or liquidity of our common
stock. In the past, when the market price of a stock has been volatile, holders of that stock have sometimes instituted securities class action litigation against the issuer. If any of our stockholders were to bring such a lawsuit against us, we
could incur substantial costs defending the lawsuit and the attention of our management would be diverted from the operation of our business, which could seriously harm our financial position. Any adverse determination in litigation could also
subject us to significant liabilities. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>One of our principal stockholders own a significant percentage of our stock and, together with our
management, will be able to exert significant control over matters subject to stockholder approval. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As of March&nbsp;31, 2017,
entities affiliated with New Enterprise Associates or NEA, a venture capital fund associated with one of our directors, collectively beneficially hold approximately 31.7% of our capital stock, including warrants exercisable for shares of our common
stock, and NEA together with our executive officers and directors beneficially owned approximately 36.0% of our capital stock, including warrants and stock options exercisable for shares of our common stock within sixty (60)&nbsp;days of
March&nbsp;31, 2017. Therefore, these stockholders may be able to determine all matters requiring stockholder approval, and the entities affiliated with New Enterprise Associates alone, will have significant ability to influence decisions through
their ownership position. For example, these stockholders may be able to control elections of directors, amendments of our organizational documents, or approval of any merger, sale of assets, or other major corporate transaction. This may prevent or
discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or offers for our common stock that certain stockholders may feel are in their best interest as one of our stockholders. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>If we sell shares of our common stock in future financings, stockholders may experience immediate dilution and, as a result, our stock price may
decline. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may from time to time issue additional shares of common stock at a discount from the current trading price of our
common stock. As a result, our stockholders would experience immediate dilution upon the purchase of any shares of our common stock sold at such discount. In addition, as opportunities present themselves, we may enter into financing or similar
arrangements in the future, including the issuance of debt securities, preferred stock or common stock. If we issue common stock or securities convertible into common stock, our common stockholders would experience additional dilution and, as a
result, our stock price may decline. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could cause our stock price
to fall. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If our existing stockholders sell, or indicate an intention to sell, substantial amounts of our common stock in the
public market, the trading price of our common stock could decline. As of March&nbsp;31, 2017, we had 47,386,756 shares of common stock outstanding. Of those shares, approximately 14.3&nbsp;million, were held by current directors, executive officers
and other affiliates, or may otherwise be subject to Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, or the Securities Act. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, as of
March&nbsp;31,2017, approximately 4.0&nbsp;million shares of common stock that are subject to outstanding options, were eligible for sale in the public market to the extent permitted by the provisions of various vesting schedules, and Rule 144 and
Rule 701 under the Securities Act. In addition, approximately 2.2&nbsp;million shares that are subject to outstanding warrants are eligible for sale in the public market. If these additional shares of common stock are sold, or if it is perceived
that they will be sold, in the public market, the trading price of our common stock could decline. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The holders of approximately
5.6&nbsp;million shares of our outstanding common stock as of March&nbsp;31, 2017, are entitled to rights with respect to the registration of their shares under the Securities Act. Registration of these shares under the Securities Act would result
in the shares becoming freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act, except for shares purchased by affiliates. Any sales of securities by these stockholders could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our common
stock. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">46 </P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could discourage a takeover that stockholders
may consider favorable and may lead to entrenchment of management. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and
amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that could significantly reduce the value of our shares to a potential acquirer or delay or prevent changes in control or changes in our management without the consent of our board of directors. The
provisions in our charter documents include the following: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">a classified board of directors with three-year staggered terms, which may delay the ability of stockholders to change the membership of a majority of our board of directors; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the exclusive right of our board of directors to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the board of directors or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from
being able to fill vacancies on our board of directors; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the required approval of at least 66&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2 / 3&nbsp;% of the shares entitled to vote to remove a director for cause, and the prohibition on removal of directors without cause; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the ability of our board of directors to authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder
approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquiror; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the ability of our board of directors to alter our bylaws without obtaining stockholder approval; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the required approval of at least 66&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2 / 3&nbsp;% of the shares entitled to vote at an election of directors to adopt, amend or repeal our bylaws or repeal the provisions of our amended and
restated certificate of incorporation regarding the election and removal of directors; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders; </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">the requirement that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by the chairman of the board of directors, the chief executive officer, the president or the board of directors, which may delay the ability of
our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">advance notice procedures that stockholders must comply with in order to nominate candidates to our board of directors or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders&#146; meeting, which may discourage or
deter a potential acquiror from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquiror&#146;s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, these provisions would apply even if we were to receive an offer that some stockholders may consider beneficial. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are also subject to the anti-takeover provisions contained in Section&nbsp;203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. Under
Section&nbsp;203, a corporation may not, in general, engage in a business combination with any holder of 15% or more of its capital stock unless the holder has held the stock for three years or, among other exceptions, the board of directors has
approved the transaction. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Claims for indemnification by our directors and officers may reduce our available funds to satisfy successful third-party
claims against us and may reduce the amount of money available to us. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and
amended and restated bylaws provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers, in each case to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, as permitted by Section&nbsp;145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated bylaws and our indemnification
agreements that we have entered into with our directors and officers provide that: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">We will indemnify our directors and officers for serving us in those capacities or for serving other business enterprises at our request, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Delaware law provides that a
corporation may indemnify such person if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the registrant and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable
cause to believe such person&#146;s conduct was unlawful. </TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">47 </P>


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<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">We may, in our discretion, indemnify employees and agents in those circumstances where indemnification is permitted by applicable law. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">We are required to advance expenses, as incurred, to our directors and officers in connection with defending a proceeding, except that such directors or officers shall undertake to repay such advances if it is
ultimately determined that such person is not entitled to indemnification. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">We will not be obligated pursuant to our amended and restated bylaws to indemnify a person with respect to proceedings initiated by that person against us or our other indemnitees, except with respect to proceedings
authorized by our board of directors or brought to enforce a right to indemnification. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">The rights conferred in our amended and restated bylaws are not exclusive, and we are authorized to enter into indemnification agreements with our directors, officers, employees and agents and to obtain insurance to
indemnify such persons. </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">We may not retroactively amend our amended and restated bylaw provisions to reduce our indemnification obligations to directors, officers, employees and agents. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We do not currently intend to pay dividends on our common stock, and, consequently, our stockholders&#146; ability to achieve a return on their
investment will depend on appreciation in the price of our common stock. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We do not currently intend to pay any cash dividends on
our common stock for the foreseeable future. We currently intend to invest our future earnings, if any, to fund our growth. Additionally, the terms of our loan and security agreements could restrict our ability to pay dividends. Therefore, our
stockholders are not likely to receive any dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. Since we do not intend to pay dividends, our stockholders&#146; ability to receive a return on their investment will depend on any future
appreciation in the market value of our common stock. There is no guarantee that our common stock will appreciate or even maintain the price at which our holders have purchased it. </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="tx384007_14"></A>ITEM&nbsp;2.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Unregistered Sales of Equity
Securities </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">None. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Use of
Proceeds </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Not applicable. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">None. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="tx384007_15"></A>ITEM&nbsp;3.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Not applicable. </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="tx384007_16"></A>ITEM&nbsp;4.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Not applicable. </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="tx384007_17"></A>ITEM&nbsp;5.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>OTHER INFORMATION </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">None. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">48 </P>


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<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="9%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B><A NAME="tx384007_18"></A>ITEM&nbsp;6.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"><B>Exhibits </B></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD></TD>
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<TD WIDTH="74%"></TD>
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<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
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<TD></TD>
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<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="7" NOWRAP ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; width:91.95pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Incorporated by
Reference</B></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center"><B>Exhibit<BR>Number</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center"><B>Exhibit Description</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; width:19.10pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Form</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; width:16.00pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Date</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; width:28.45pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Number</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; width:31.95pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Filed<BR>Herewith</B></P></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;31.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Certification of Principal Executive Officer Required Under Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13a-14(a)</FONT> and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">15d-14(a)</FONT> of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">X</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;31.2</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Certification of Principal Financial Officer Required Under Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13a-14(a)</FONT> and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">15d-14(a)</FONT> of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">X</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;32.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Required Under Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13a-14(b)</FONT> of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C &#167;1350.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">X</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;101</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">The following financial statements, formatted in XBRL: (i)&nbsp;Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March&nbsp;31, 2017 and December&nbsp;31, 2016, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months
ended March&nbsp;31, 2017 and 2016, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March&nbsp;31, 2017 and 2016; (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March&nbsp;31,
2017 and 2016; and (v)&nbsp;Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">X</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="line-height:8.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;width:10%">&nbsp;</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">49 </P>


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<h5 align="left"><a href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></h5>

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="tx384007_19"></A>SIGNATURES </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3"><B>Ardelyx, Inc.</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Date: May&nbsp;5, 2017</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Mark Kaufmann</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Mark Kaufmann</B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Chief Financial
Officer</B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>(Principal Financial Officer)</B></P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">50 </P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-31.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>d384007dex311.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-31.1
<TEXT>
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<TITLE>EX-31.1</TITLE>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><B>Exhibit 31.1 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>CERTIFICATION </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">I, Michael Raab, certify
that: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">1.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-Q</FONT> of Ardelyx, Inc.; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">2.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such
statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">3.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the
registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">4.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">The registrant&#146;s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13a-15(e)</FONT> and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">15d-15(e))</FONT> and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13a-15(f)</FONT> and <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">15d-15(f))</FONT> for the registrant and have: </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(a)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(b)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(c)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant&#146;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of
the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(d)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant&#146;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant&#146;s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant&#146;s fourth fiscal quarter
in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant&#146;s internal control over financial reporting; and </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">5.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">The registrant&#146;s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant&#146;s auditors and the audit committee of the
registrant&#146;s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(a)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant&#146;s ability to record,
process, summarize and report financial information; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(b)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant&#146;s internal control over financial reporting. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">


<TR>
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<TD WIDTH="4%"></TD>
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<TD WIDTH="45%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">Date: May&nbsp;5, 2017</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/&nbsp;Michael Raab</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Michael Raab</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>President Chief Executive Officer and Director</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(Principal Executive Officer)</B></P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-31.2
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>d384007dex312.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-31.2
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<TITLE>EX-31.2</TITLE>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><B>Exhibit 31.2 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>CERTIFICATION </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">I, Mark Kaufmann, certify
that: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">1.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-Q</FONT> of Ardelyx, Inc.; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">2.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such
statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">3.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the
registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">4.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">The registrant&#146;s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13a-15(e)</FONT> and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">15d-15(e))</FONT> and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13a-15(f)</FONT> and <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">15d-15(f))</FONT> for the registrant and have: </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(a)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(b)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(c)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant&#146;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of
the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(d)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant&#146;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant&#146;s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant&#146;s fourth fiscal quarter
in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant&#146;s internal control over financial reporting; and </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">5.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">The registrant&#146;s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant&#146;s auditors and the audit committee of the
registrant&#146;s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(a)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant&#146;s ability to record,
process, summarize and report financial information; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(b)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant&#146;s internal control over financial reporting. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"></TD>
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<TD WIDTH="45%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Date: May&nbsp;5, 2017</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/&nbsp;Mark Kaufmann</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Mark Kaufmann</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Chief Financial Officer</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(Principal Financial Officer)</B></P></TD></TR>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-32.1
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>d384007dex321.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-32.1
<TEXT>
<HTML><HEAD>
<TITLE>EX-32.1</TITLE>
</HEAD>
 <BODY BGCOLOR="WHITE">

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><B>Exhibit 32.1 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In connection with the Quarterly Report of Ardelyx, Inc. (the &#147;Company&#148;) on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-Q</FONT> for
the period ending March&nbsp;31, 2017, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the &#147;Report&#148;), Michael Raab, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Mark Kaufmann, Chief Financial Officer
of the Company, respectively, do each hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section&nbsp;1350, as adopted pursuant to Section&nbsp;906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(1)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and </TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(2)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR>
<TD WIDTH="46%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="45%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Date: May&nbsp;5, 2017</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/&nbsp;Michael Raab</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Michael Raab</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>President Chief Executive Officer and Director</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(Principal Executive Officer)</B></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Date: May&nbsp;5, 2017</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/&nbsp;Mark Kaufmann</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Mark Kaufmann</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Chief Financial Officer</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(Principal Financial Officer)</B></P></TD></TR>
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  <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" id="id_10808016_55C8ED29-995C-46C2-8CAA-90F2E98D6D6E_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received
 for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the
 principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in
 an orderly transaction between market participants on the
 measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value
 must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of
 unobservable inputs.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt"&gt;
 The three-level hierarchy for the inputs to valuation techniques is
 briefly summarized as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="92%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="8%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="1%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="1%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td width="89%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;Level&amp;#xA0;1&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#x2013;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;Valuations are based on quoted prices in active
 markets for identical assets or liabilities and readily accessible
 by the Company at the reporting date. Examples of assets and
 liabilities utilizing Level&amp;#xA0;1 inputs are certain money market
 funds, U.S. Treasuries and trading securities with quoted prices on
 active markets.&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt"&gt;
 &lt;td height="8"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td height="8" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td height="8" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;Level&amp;#xA0;2&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#x2013;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;Valuations based on inputs other than
 Level&amp;#xA0;1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly,
 such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted
 prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are
 observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for
 substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Examples
 of assets and liabilities utilizing Level&amp;#xA0;2 inputs are U.S.
 government agency bonds, corporate bonds, commercial paper,
 certificates of deposit and &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;&lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;over-the-counter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;
 derivatives.&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt"&gt;
 &lt;td height="8"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td height="8" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td height="8" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;Level&amp;#xA0;3&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#x2013;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;Valuations based on unobservable inputs in
 which there is little or no market data, which require the Company
 to develop its own assumptions.&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:Depreciation contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_1181B347-9A70-458E-8D0D-5C368C25B5CE_1_3">594000</us-gaap:Depreciation>
  <us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" id="id_10808016_8D70E856-5E2B-4CA8-BD08-3CAF8073CC09_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;NOTE 5. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The following table presents stock-based compensation expense
 recognized for stock options, restricted stock units, or RSUs, and
 the Company&amp;#x2019;s employee stock purchase program, or ESPP, in
 the Company&amp;#x2019;s statements of operations (in thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="82%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three&amp;#xA0;Months&amp;#xA0;Ended&lt;br /&gt;
 March&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2017&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Research and development&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,031&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;626&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 General and administrative&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,078&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;565&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,109&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,191&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In January 2017, the Company granted performance-based restricted
 stock unit, or PRSU, awards to certain employees which vest upon
 the achievement of certain performance conditions, subject to the
 employees&amp;#x2019; continued service relationship with the Company.
 At March&amp;#xA0;31, 2017, 161,865 PRSUs were outstanding. Based on
 the evaluation of the probability of achieving performance
 conditions at March&amp;#xA0;31, 2017, the Company has not recorded
 stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended
 March&amp;#xA0;31, 2017 related to the PRSUs. The Company will continue
 to evaluate the probability of achieving the performance conditions
 for the PRSUs at each reporting period and will record compensation
 expense related to the PRSUs accordingly.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 At March&amp;#xA0;31, 2017, the Company had $21.8&amp;#xA0;million,
 $1.9&amp;#xA0;million and $0.2&amp;#xA0;million of total unrecognized
 compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, related to
 stock option grants, restricted stock unit grants and ESPP,
 respectively, that will be recognized over an average vesting
 period of 3.3 years, 3.3 years and 0.4 years, respectively. At
 March&amp;#xA0;31, 2017, there was no unrecognized compensation expense
 related to PRSUs.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock>
  <dei:DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" id="id_10808016_795D4C16-0546-49FF-B57E-156739DF406D_1_4">Q1</dei:DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus>
  <us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_8BC4ECFC-F541-49FB-AD70-AB8D8836D5A0_1_2">-27985000</us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax>
  <dei:EntityFilerCategory contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" id="id_10808016_27957ACF-C832-41E1-A8DB-A532EF41690C_1_4">Accelerated Filer</dei:EntityFilerCategory>
  <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" id="id_10808016_8F0EF6B1-16CE-441B-A3CF-F543AFD4E571_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;NOTE 3. CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND INVESTMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Securities classified as cash, cash equivalents and short-term
 investments as of March&amp;#xA0;31, 2017 and December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016
 are summarized below (in thousands). Estimated fair value is based
 on quoted market prices for these investments.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="92%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="70%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;March&amp;#xA0;31, 2017&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Amortized&lt;br /&gt;
 Cost&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" rowspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gross&amp;#xA0;Unrealized&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fair Value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" rowspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gains&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Losses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Cash and cash equivalents:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Cash&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,084&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,084&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Money market funds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;70,129&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;70,129&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total cash and cash equivalents&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;71,213&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;71,213&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Short-term investments&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Corporate bonds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;46,098&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(33&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;46,067&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Commercial paper&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;41,792&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(7&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;41,787&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Asset-backed securities&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;14,368&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(13&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;14,356&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total short-term investments&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;102,258&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(53&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;102,210&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;173,471&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(53&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;173,423&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt"&gt;
 &lt;td height="16"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td height="16" colspan="16"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Amortized&lt;br /&gt;
 Cost&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" rowspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gross&amp;#xA0;Unrealized&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fair Value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" rowspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gains&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Losses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Cash and cash equivalents:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Cash&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;3,638&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;3,638&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Money market funds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;68,561&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;68,561&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Commercial paper&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,399&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,399&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total cash equivalents and investments&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;74,598&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;74,598&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Short-term investments&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Corporate bonds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;58,464&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(56&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;58,410&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Commercial paper&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;62,946&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(20&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;62,931&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Asset-backed securities&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;4,886&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(2&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;4,884&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total short-term investments&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;126,296&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(78&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;126,225&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;200,894&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(78&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;200,823&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Cash equivalents consist of money market funds with original
 maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase, and the
 carrying amount is a reasonable approximation of fair value. The
 Company invests its cash in high quality securities of financial
 and commercial institutions. These securities are carried at fair
 value, which is based on readily available market information, with
 unrealized gains and losses included in &amp;#x201C;accumulated other
 comprehensive gain (loss)&amp;#x201D; within stockholders&amp;#x2019; equity
 on the Company&amp;#x2019;s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The
 Company uses the specific identification method to determine the
 amount of realized gains or losses on sales of marketable
 securities. Realized gains or losses have been insignificant and
 are included in &amp;#x201C;other income, net&amp;#x201D; in the consolidated
 condensed statement of operations.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 All &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;&lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;available-for-sale&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; securities
 held as of March&amp;#xA0;31, 2017 had contractual maturities of less
 than one year. Investments that have maturities beyond one year as
 of the end of the reporting period are classified as &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;non-current.&lt;/font&gt; The Company&amp;#x2019;s
 &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;&lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;available-for-sale&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; securities
 are subject to a periodic impairment review. The Company considers
 a debt security to be impaired when its fair value is less than its
 carrying cost, in which case the Company would further review the
 investment to determine whether it is other-than-temporarily
 impaired. When the Company evaluates an investment for
 other-than-temporary impairment, the Company reviews factors such
 as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below
 cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer and any changes
 thereto, intent to sell, and whether it is more likely than not the
 Company will be required to sell the investment before the recovery
 of it cost basis. If an investment is other-than-temporarily
 impaired, the Company writes it down through the statement of
 operations to its fair value and establishes that value as a new
 cost basis for the investment. The Company did not identify any of
 its &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;&lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;available-for-sale&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; securities
 as other-than-temporarily impaired in any of the periods presented.
 As of March&amp;#xA0;31, 2017, no investment was in a continuous
 unrealized loss position for more than one year, the unrealized
 losses were not due to a change in credit risk and the Company
 believes that is more likely than not the investments will be held
 until maturity or a forecasted recovery of fair value.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" id="id_10808016_19BFA277-6008-4BD1-A5EE-72144F115456_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;NOTE 4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received
 for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the
 principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in
 an orderly transaction between market participants on the
 measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value
 must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of
 unobservable inputs.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt"&gt;
 The three-level hierarchy for the inputs to valuation techniques is
 briefly summarized as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="92%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="8%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="1%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="1%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td width="89%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;Level&amp;#xA0;1&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#x2013;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;Valuations are based on quoted prices in active
 markets for identical assets or liabilities and readily accessible
 by the Company at the reporting date. Examples of assets and
 liabilities utilizing Level&amp;#xA0;1 inputs are certain money market
 funds, U.S. Treasuries and trading securities with quoted prices on
 active markets.&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt"&gt;
 &lt;td height="8"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td height="8" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td height="8" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;Level&amp;#xA0;2&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#x2013;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;Valuations based on inputs other than
 Level&amp;#xA0;1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly,
 such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted
 prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are
 observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for
 substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Examples
 of assets and liabilities utilizing Level&amp;#xA0;2 inputs are U.S.
 government agency bonds, corporate bonds, commercial paper,
 certificates of deposit and &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;&lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;over-the-counter&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;
 derivatives.&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt"&gt;
 &lt;td height="8"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td height="8" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td height="8" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;Level&amp;#xA0;3&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#x2013;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;Valuations based on unobservable inputs in
 which there is little or no market data, which require the Company
 to develop its own assumptions.&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt"&gt;
 The following table sets forth the fair value of the
 Company&amp;#x2019;s financial assets measured on a recurring basis by
 level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="92%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="68%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;March&amp;#xA0;31, 2017&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Total&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level&amp;#xA0;1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level&amp;#xA0;2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level&amp;#xA0;3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Assets:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Money market funds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;70,129&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;70,129&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Corporate bonds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;46,067&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;46,067&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Commercial paper&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;41,787&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;41,787&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Asset-backed securities&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;14,356&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;14,356&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;172,339&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;70,129&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;102,210&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt"&gt;
 &lt;td height="16"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td height="16" colspan="16"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Total&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level&amp;#xA0;1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level&amp;#xA0;2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level&amp;#xA0;3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Assets:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Money market funds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;68,561&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;68,561&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Corporate bonds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;58,410&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;58,410&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Commercial paper&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;65,330&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;65,330&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Asset-backed securities&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;4,884&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;4,884&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;197,185&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;68,561&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;128,624&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities
 are classified as Level&amp;#xA0;1. The Company classifies money market
 funds as Level&amp;#xA0;1. When quoted market prices are not available
 for the specific security, then the Company estimates fair value by
 using benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, and
 issuer spreads. The Company classifies corporate bonds, commercial
 paper and asset-backed securities as Level&amp;#xA0;2. In certain cases
 where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs
 to valuation, securities are classified as Level&amp;#xA0;3. There were
 no transfers between Level&amp;#xA0;1 and Level&amp;#xA0;2 during the
 periods presented.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The carrying amounts reflected in the balance sheets for cash
 equivalents, short-term investments, prepaid expenses and other
 current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate
 their fair values at March&amp;#xA0;31, 2017 and December&amp;#xA0;31,
 2016, due to their short-term nature.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" id="id_10808016_F093EA9A-AC34-44CD-94D2-C60AD5348D47_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt"&gt;
 The following table sets forth the fair value of the
 Company&amp;#x2019;s financial assets measured on a recurring basis by
 level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="92%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="68%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;March&amp;#xA0;31, 2017&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Total&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level&amp;#xA0;1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level&amp;#xA0;2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level&amp;#xA0;3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Assets:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Money market funds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;70,129&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;70,129&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Corporate bonds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;46,067&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;46,067&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Commercial paper&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;41,787&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;41,787&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Asset-backed securities&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;14,356&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;14,356&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;172,339&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;70,129&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;102,210&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt"&gt;
 &lt;td height="16"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td height="16" colspan="16"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Total&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level&amp;#xA0;1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level&amp;#xA0;2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Level&amp;#xA0;3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Assets:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Money market funds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;68,561&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;68,561&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Corporate bonds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;58,410&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;58,410&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Commercial paper&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;65,330&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;65,330&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Asset-backed securities&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;4,884&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;4,884&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;197,185&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;68,561&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;128,624&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" id="id_10808016_64DC16E0-2BC0-4324-8E93-B4A9CF883348_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;NOTE 6. NET LOSS PER SHARE&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by
 the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding
 during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed
 giving effect to all potential dilutive common shares, including
 common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options, and unvested
 restricted common stock and stock units. The Company uses the
 treasury-stock method to compute diluted earnings per share with
 respect to its stock options and common stock equivalents. For
 purposes of this calculation, options to purchase stock are
 considered to be potential common shares and are only included in
 the calculation of diluted net loss per share when their effect is
 dilutive. Basic and diluted loss per share are calculated as
 follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="72%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="7%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="7%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;March&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2017&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Numerator:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Net loss&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(28,008&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(23,467&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Denominator:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;47,343,234&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;33,466,955&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Net loss per share - basic and diluted&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(0.59&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(0.70&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 For the three months ended March&amp;#xA0;31, 2017 and 2016, the total
 number of anti-dilutive outstanding common stock equivalents
 excluded from the net loss per common share computation was
 6.1&amp;#xA0;million and 4.5&amp;#xA0;million, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:AccountsPayableAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesDisclosureCurrentTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" id="id_10808016_70BD394E-F7DF-4BD5-AB49-ECFEA1D0346A_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;NOTE 7. ACCRUED AND OTHER LIABILITIES&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 Accrued liabilities and other liabilities consist of the following
 (in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" border="0" style="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="76%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="6%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="6%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;March&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2017&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 Accrued clinical trial expenses&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7,517&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;6,694&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 Accrued contract manufacturing&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;3,010&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,705&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 Accrued professional and consulting services&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;391&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;322&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 Other&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;647&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;684&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="font-size:1px;"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;11,565&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10,405&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="font-size:1px;"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:AccountsPayableAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesDisclosureCurrentTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccruedLiabilities contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_1181B347-9A70-458E-8D0D-5C368C25B5CE_1_12">1149000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccruedLiabilities>
  <us-gaap:NonoperatingIncomeExpense contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_55327EF3-FAC3-4B4A-9D31-4340066D3AE8_1_5">426000</us-gaap:NonoperatingIncomeExpense>
  <us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfSharesUnderIncentiveAndShareBasedCompensationPlansIncludingStockOptions contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_1181B347-9A70-458E-8D0D-5C368C25B5CE_1_22">408000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromIssuanceOfSharesUnderIncentiveAndShareBasedCompensationPlansIncludingStockOptions>
  <us-gaap:OperatingExpenses contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_55327EF3-FAC3-4B4A-9D31-4340066D3AE8_1_3">28434000</us-gaap:OperatingExpenses>
  <us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_1181B347-9A70-458E-8D0D-5C368C25B5CE_1_16">10482000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments>
  <us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_55327EF3-FAC3-4B4A-9D31-4340066D3AE8_1_8">-28008000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss>
  <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_55327EF3-FAC3-4B4A-9D31-4340066D3AE8_1_6">-28008000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
  <us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_1181B347-9A70-458E-8D0D-5C368C25B5CE_1_19">22968000</us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations>
  <us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeAvailableforsaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_8BC4ECFC-F541-49FB-AD70-AB8D8836D5A0_1_1">23000</us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeAvailableforsaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent>
  <us-gaap:ProceedsFromMaturitiesPrepaymentsAndCallsOfShorttermInvestments contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_1181B347-9A70-458E-8D0D-5C368C25B5CE_1_15">31872000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromMaturitiesPrepaymentsAndCallsOfShorttermInvestments>
  <us-gaap:OrganizationConsolidationBasisOfPresentationBusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" id="id_10808016_DDE4EDB2-5BA8-489D-A235-E82306CF76C6_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Ardelyx, Inc., or &amp;#x201C;the Company,&amp;#x201D; is focused on
 enhancing the way patients with cardiorenal and gastrointestinal,
 or GI, diseases are treated by using the gut as the gateway to
 delivering medicines that matter. The Company has pioneered the
 development of small molecule therapeutics that act predominantly
 in the GI tract, thereby avoiding potentially negative side effects
 on the rest of the body. The Company&amp;#x2019;s strategy is to evolve
 from a research and development-focused company to an integrated
 biotechnology company, by building cardiorenal and GI portfolios in
 the United States, while exploring a variety of strategic
 commercial options outside the United States. The Company is
 developing several products and programs focused on underserved
 medical needs including the following:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Cardiorenal Portfolio&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td width="5%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="2%" align="left"&gt;&amp;#x2022;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="1%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" align="left"&gt;Tenapanor: Phase 3 for treatment of
 &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;end-stage&lt;/font&gt; renal disease,
 or ESRD, patients on dialysis suffering from elevated phosphate, or
 hyperphosphatemia&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td width="5%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="2%" align="left"&gt;&amp;#x2022;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="1%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" align="left"&gt;RDX7675: Phase 3 to treat patients
 with hyperkalemia, common in patients with chronic kidney disease,
 or CKD, and/or heart failure&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td width="5%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="2%" align="left"&gt;&amp;#x2022;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="1%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" align="left"&gt;Research Programs: The Company is
 evaluating small-molecule approaches to treat hyperkalemia in order
 to significantly reduce pill burden as well as leveraging its
 knowledge of phosphorus absorption to discover improved
 approaches.&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Gastrointestinal Portfolio&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td width="5%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="2%" align="left"&gt;&amp;#x2022;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="1%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" align="left"&gt;Tenapanor: Phase 3 for treatment of
 irritable bowel syndrome with constipation, or &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;IBS-C,&lt;/font&gt; patients&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td width="5%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="2%" align="left"&gt;&amp;#x2022;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="1%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" align="left"&gt;RDX8940: IND filed in late 2016;
 currently advancing towards Phase 1 development&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td width="5%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="2%" align="left"&gt;&amp;#x2022;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="1%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" align="left"&gt;Research Programs: The Company is
 evaluating gut biased farnesoid X receptor, or FXR, agonists for
 the treatment of various GI diseases and disorders, and is
 leveraging its knowledge of the mechanisms of tenapanor in order to
 discover new agents that modulate transport of ions and other
 processes in the gut.&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company operates in only one business segment, which is the
 development of biopharmaceutical products.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Basis of Presentation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the
 related footnote information of the Company have been prepared
 pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange
 Commission, or the SEC, for interim reporting. As permitted under
 those rules and regulations, certain footnotes or other financial
 information that are normally required by U.S. generally accepted
 accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, have been condensed or omitted
 pursuant to such rules and regulations. In the opinion of the
 Company&amp;#x2019;s management, the accompanying interim unaudited
 condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments
 (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a
 fair presentation of the information for the periods presented. The
 results for the quarter ended March&amp;#xA0;31, 2017 are not
 necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the entire
 year ending December&amp;#xA0;31, 2017 or future operating periods.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and
 related financial information should be read in conjunction with
 the audited financial statements and the related notes thereto for
 the year ended December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016, included in the
 Company&amp;#x2019;s Annual Report on Form &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;10-K&lt;/font&gt; filed with the SEC (the
 &amp;#x201C;2016 Form &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;10-K&amp;#x201D;).&lt;/font&gt; The balance sheet at
 December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016 has been derived from the audited financial
 statements at that date, as filed with the 2016 Form &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;10-K.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements
 include the accounts of Ardelyx, Inc. and its wholly-owned
 subsidiary, Ardelyx Cayman Islands, and have been prepared in
 accordance with US&amp;#xA0;GAAP. Intercompany transactions and
 balances have been eliminated in consolidation.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:OrganizationConsolidationBasisOfPresentationBusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_1181B347-9A70-458E-8D0D-5C368C25B5CE_1_10">858000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable>
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  <us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" id="id_10808016_D2E902D1-3F51-4E20-8B24-FEB64E878731_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Recent Accounting Pronouncements&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
 (&amp;#x201C;FASB&amp;#x201D;) issued Accounting Standards Update
 (&amp;#x201C;ASU&amp;#x201D;) &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2014-09,&lt;/font&gt; &lt;i&gt;Revenue from Contracts
 with Customers&lt;/i&gt; (&amp;#x201C;ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2014-09&amp;#x201D;),&lt;/font&gt; which requires an
 entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be
 entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to
 customers. ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2014-09&lt;/font&gt;
 will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in
 U.S.&amp;#xA0;GAAP when it becomes effective. In July 2015, the FASB
 voted to approve a deferral of the effective date of this ASU by
 one year, and to permit entities to adopt up to one year earlier if
 they choose. Therefore, the new standard will become effective for
 the Company on January&amp;#xA0;1, 2018 and early application is
 permitted for periods beginning on or after January&amp;#xA0;1, 2017.
 The standard permits the use of either the modified retrospective
 or cumulative effect transition method. Since the issuance of ASU
 &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2014-09,&lt;/font&gt; the FASB has
 issued several amendments which clarify certain points in the new
 Topic 606 &lt;i&gt;- Revenue from Contracts with Customers&lt;/i&gt;, including
 ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2016-08&lt;/font&gt;
 (&amp;#x201C;Principal versus Agent Considerations&amp;#x2014;Reporting
 Revenue Gross versus Net&amp;#x201D;), ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2016-10&lt;/font&gt; (&amp;#x201C;Identifying
 Performance Obligations and Licensing&amp;#x201D;), ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2016-11&lt;/font&gt; (&amp;#x201C;Rescission of SEC
 Guidance Because of Accounting Standards Updates &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2014-09&lt;/font&gt; and &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2014-16&lt;/font&gt; Pursuant to Staff
 Announcements at the March&amp;#xA0;3, 2016 EITF Meeting&amp;#x201D;) and
 ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2016-12&lt;/font&gt;
 (&amp;#x201C;Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients&amp;#x201D;).
 The Company plans to adopt all these standards on January&amp;#xA0;1,
 2018. The Company plans to modify its accounting policies to
 reflect the requirements of these standards and plans to select the
 modified retrospective transition method. The Company did not
 recognize revenue for the three months ended March&amp;#xA0;31, 2017
 and March&amp;#xA0;31, 2016, and therefore, the planned adoption of
 this standard will not affect the Company&amp;#x2019;s consolidated
 financial statements and related disclosures for these periods or
 future periods until the Company reports revenues.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 1px; MARGIN-TOP: 12px"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;No.&amp;#xA0;2016-02,&lt;/font&gt; &lt;i&gt;Leases (Topic
 842)&lt;/i&gt;. Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to
 recognize a lease liability and a &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;&lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;right-of-use&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; asset for all
 leases (with the exception of short term leases) at the
 commencement date. Lessor accounting under ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2016-02&lt;/font&gt; is largely unchanged. ASU
 &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2016-02&lt;/font&gt; is effective for
 annual and interim periods beginning on or after December&amp;#xA0;15,
 2018 and early adoption is permitted. Under ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2016-02,&lt;/font&gt; lessees (for capital and
 operating leases) and lessors (for sales-type, direct financing,
 and operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective
 transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after,
 the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the
 financial statements. Lessees and lessors may not apply a full
 retrospective transition approach. The Company has not yet selected
 an implementation date nor has it determined the effect of the
 standard on the Company&amp;#x2019;s ongoing financial reporting.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;No.&amp;#xA0;2016-16,&lt;/font&gt; &lt;i&gt;Income Taxes:
 Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory&lt;/i&gt; (ASU
 &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2016-16).&lt;/font&gt; This update is
 to improve the accounting for the income tax consequences of
 intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. ASU
 &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2016-16&lt;/font&gt; amends the
 guidance to recognize the income tax consequences of an
 intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the
 transfer occurs. Consequently, the amendments in this update
 eliminate the exception for an intra-entity transfer of an asset
 other than inventory. The amendments in this update do not include
 new disclosure requirements; however, existing disclosure
 requirements might be applicable when accounting for the current
 and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity transfer of an asset
 other than inventory. ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2016-16&lt;/font&gt; is effective for our interim
 and annual reporting periods during the year ending
 December&amp;#xA0;31, 2018, and all annual and interim reporting
 periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of
 ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2016-16&lt;/font&gt; is not
 expected to have a material effect on the Company&amp;#x2019;s condensed
 consolidated financial statements.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company has reviewed all other significant newly-issued
 accounting pronouncements and concluded that they either are not
 applicable to the Company&amp;#x2019;s operations or that no material
 effect is expected on its condensed consolidated financial
 statements as a result of future adoption.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_55327EF3-FAC3-4B4A-9D31-4340066D3AE8_1_4">-28434000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
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  <us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_55327EF3-FAC3-4B4A-9D31-4340066D3AE8_1_7">0</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
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  <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_1181B347-9A70-458E-8D0D-5C368C25B5CE_1_18">1118000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment>
  <us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" id="id_10808016_11A7684A-5A0E-440A-8A43-ED792D2CBD78_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;NOTE 8. STOCKHOLDERS&amp;#x2019; EQUITY&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Option Exercises&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 For the three months ended March&amp;#xA0;31, 2017, employees exercised
 options to purchase 19,301 shares of the Company&amp;#x2019;s common
 stock with insignificant net proceeds to the Company. For the three
 months ended March&amp;#xA0;31, 2016, employees exercised options to
 purchase 6,250 shares of the Company&amp;#x2019;s common stock with
 insignificant net proceeds to the Company.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Restricted Stock Units&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 For the three months ended March&amp;#xA0;31, 2017, the Company issued
 15,188 shares of the Company&amp;#x2019;s common stock due to vesting of
 restricted stock units. For the three ended March&amp;#xA0;31, 2016,
 the Company issued zero shares of the Company&amp;#x2019;s common stock
 due to vesting of restricted stock units.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Employee Stock Purchase Plan&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In February 2017, the Company sold 42,845 shares under the ESPP.
 The shares were purchased at a purchase price of $8.77 per share
 with proceeds to the Company of approximately
 $0.4&amp;#xA0;million.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Offerings of Common Stock and Warrants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In June 2015, the Company sold and issued an aggregate of 7,242,992
 shares of its common stock and warrants to purchase 2,172,899
 shares of common stock in a private placement transaction for
 aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $77.8&amp;#xA0;million or net
 proceeds, after deducting issuance costs, of approximately
 $74.3&amp;#xA0;million. The purchase price for the common stock was
 $10.70 per share and the purchase price for the warrants was $0.125
 per warrant. The warrants are exercisable for an exercise price of
 $13.91 per share. None of the warrants issued in June 2015 have
 been exercised as of March&amp;#xA0;31, 2017.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:UseOfEstimates contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" id="id_10808016_85600B3D-98B2-491B-826B-763CE32EBD7C_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Use of Estimates&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S.
 GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
 affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial
 statements and accompanying notes. Although management believes
 these estimates are based upon reasonable assumptions within the
 bounds of its knowledge of the Company&amp;#x2019;s business and
 operations, actual results could differ materially from those
 estimates.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:UseOfEstimates>
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" id="id_10808016_9937F113-2A1E-4D13-ABF4-E4F1E66B19B7_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Basic and diluted loss per share are calculated as follows (in
 thousands, except share and per share data):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="72%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="7%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="7%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;March&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2017&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Numerator:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Net loss&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(28,008&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(23,467&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;Denominator:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;47,343,234&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;33,466,955&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Net loss per share - basic and diluted&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(0.59&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(0.70&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" id="id_10808016_6570993E-14EC-40ED-B38C-8F388D6B6EFF_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The following table presents stock-based compensation expense
 recognized for stock options, restricted stock units, or RSUs, and
 the Company&amp;#x2019;s employee stock purchase program, or ESPP, in
 the Company&amp;#x2019;s statements of operations (in thousands):&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="82%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="4%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three&amp;#xA0;Months&amp;#xA0;Ended&lt;br /&gt;
 March&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2017&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Research and development&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,031&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;626&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 General and administrative&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,078&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;565&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,109&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,191&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsTableTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" id="id_10808016_EAC7AFBD-F48E-4E73-9DF2-78D036234879_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 Securities classified as cash, cash equivalents and short-term
 investments as of March&amp;#xA0;31, 2017 and December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016
 are summarized below (in thousands). Estimated fair value is based
 on quoted market prices for these investments.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="92%" align="center" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="70%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="3%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;March&amp;#xA0;31, 2017&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Amortized&lt;br /&gt;
 Cost&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" rowspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gross&amp;#xA0;Unrealized&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fair Value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" rowspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gains&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Losses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Cash and cash equivalents:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Cash&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,084&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1,084&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Money market funds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;70,129&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;70,129&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total cash and cash equivalents&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;71,213&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;71,213&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Short-term investments&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Corporate bonds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;46,098&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(33&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;46,067&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Commercial paper&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;41,792&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(7&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;41,787&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Asset-backed securities&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;14,368&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(13&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;14,356&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total short-term investments&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;102,258&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(53&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;102,210&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;173,471&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(53&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;173,423&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt"&gt;
 &lt;td height="16"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td height="16" colspan="16"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31, 2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Amortized&lt;br /&gt;
 Cost&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" rowspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gross&amp;#xA0;Unrealized&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fair Value&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" rowspan="2"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gains&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Losses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Cash and cash equivalents:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Cash&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;3,638&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;3,638&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Money market funds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;68,561&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;68,561&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Commercial paper&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,399&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,399&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total cash equivalents and investments&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;74,598&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;74,598&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Short-term investments&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Corporate bonds&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;58,464&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(56&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;58,410&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Commercial paper&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;62,946&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(20&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;62,931&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Asset-backed securities&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;4,886&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right"&gt;
 &amp;#x2014;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(2&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;4,884&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total short-term investments&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;126,296&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(78&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;126,225&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em"&gt;
 Total&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;200,894&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;(78&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;)&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;200,823&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsTableTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" id="id_10808016_26094647-5A61-4FC8-9B85-23E1C129B1DA_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Use of Estimates&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S.
 GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
 affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial
 statements and accompanying notes. Although management believes
 these estimates are based upon reasonable assumptions within the
 bounds of its knowledge of the Company&amp;#x2019;s business and
 operations, actual results could differ materially from those
 estimates.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Accrued Research and Development Expenses&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 As part of the process of preparing its financial statements, the
 Company is required to estimate its accrued expenses. This process
 involves reviewing open contracts and purchase orders,
 communicating with its personnel to identify services that have
 been performed on its behalf and estimating the level of service
 performed and the associated cost incurred for the service when the
 Company has not yet been invoiced or otherwise notified of the
 actual cost. The majority of the Company&amp;#x2019;s service providers
 submit its monthly invoices in arrears for services performed or
 when contractual milestones are met. The Company makes estimates of
 its accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date in its financial
 statements based on facts and circumstances known to the Company at
 that time. The Company periodically confirms the accuracy of its
 estimates with the service providers and makes adjustments if
 necessary. Examples of estimated accrued research and development
 expenses include fees paid to:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td width="5%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="2%" align="left"&gt;&amp;#x2022;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="1%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" align="left"&gt;contract research organizations
 (&amp;#x201C;CROs&amp;#x201D;) in connection with clinical studies;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td width="5%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="2%" align="left"&gt;&amp;#x2022;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="1%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" align="left"&gt;investigative sites in connection
 with clinical studies;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td width="5%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="2%" align="left"&gt;&amp;#x2022;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="1%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" align="left"&gt;vendors related to product
 manufacturing, development and distribution of clinical
 supplies;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td width="5%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="2%" align="left"&gt;&amp;#x2022;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="1%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" align="left"&gt;collaborator entities in connection
 with collaboration agreements; and&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td width="5%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="2%" align="left"&gt;&amp;#x2022;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="1%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" align="left"&gt;vendors in connection with
 preclinical development activities.&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company records expenses related to clinical studies and
 manufacturing development activities based on its estimates of the
 services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with
 multiple CROs and manufacturing vendors that conduct and manage
 these activities on its behalf. The financial terms of these
 agreements are subject to negotiation, vary from contract to
 contract, and may result in uneven payment flows. There may be
 instances in which payments made to the Company&amp;#x2019;s vendors
 will exceed the level of services provided and result in a
 prepayment of the expense. Payments under some of these contracts
 depend on factors such as the successful enrollment of subjects and
 the completion of clinical trial milestones. In accruing service
 fees, the Company estimates the time period over which services
 will be performed, enrollment of subjects, number of sites
 activated and the level of effort to be expended in each period. If
 the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of
 effort varies from the Company&amp;#x2019;s estimate, the Company will
 adjust the accrued or prepaid expense balance accordingly. To date,
 there have been no material differences from the Company&amp;#x2019;s
 estimates to the amounts actually incurred.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Recent Accounting Pronouncements&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
 (&amp;#x201C;FASB&amp;#x201D;) issued Accounting Standards Update
 (&amp;#x201C;ASU&amp;#x201D;) &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2014-09,&lt;/font&gt; &lt;i&gt;Revenue from Contracts
 with Customers&lt;/i&gt; (&amp;#x201C;ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2014-09&amp;#x201D;),&lt;/font&gt; which requires an
 entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be
 entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to
 customers. ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2014-09&lt;/font&gt;
 will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in
 U.S.&amp;#xA0;GAAP when it becomes effective. In July 2015, the FASB
 voted to approve a deferral of the effective date of this ASU by
 one year, and to permit entities to adopt up to one year earlier if
 they choose. Therefore, the new standard will become effective for
 the Company on January&amp;#xA0;1, 2018 and early application is
 permitted for periods beginning on or after January&amp;#xA0;1, 2017.
 The standard permits the use of either the modified retrospective
 or cumulative effect transition method. Since the issuance of ASU
 &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2014-09,&lt;/font&gt; the FASB has
 issued several amendments which clarify certain points in the new
 Topic 606 &lt;i&gt;- Revenue from Contracts with Customers&lt;/i&gt;, including
 ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2016-08&lt;/font&gt;
 (&amp;#x201C;Principal versus Agent Considerations&amp;#x2014;Reporting
 Revenue Gross versus Net&amp;#x201D;), ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2016-10&lt;/font&gt; (&amp;#x201C;Identifying
 Performance Obligations and Licensing&amp;#x201D;), ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2016-11&lt;/font&gt; (&amp;#x201C;Rescission of SEC
 Guidance Because of Accounting Standards Updates &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2014-09&lt;/font&gt; and &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2014-16&lt;/font&gt; Pursuant to Staff
 Announcements at the March&amp;#xA0;3, 2016 EITF Meeting&amp;#x201D;) and
 ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2016-12&lt;/font&gt;
 (&amp;#x201C;Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients&amp;#x201D;).
 The Company plans to adopt all these standards on January&amp;#xA0;1,
 2018. The Company plans to modify its accounting policies to
 reflect the requirements of these standards and plans to select the
 modified retrospective transition method. The Company did not
 recognize revenue for the three months ended March&amp;#xA0;31, 2017
 and March&amp;#xA0;31, 2016, and therefore, the planned adoption of
 this standard will not affect the Company&amp;#x2019;s consolidated
 financial statements and related disclosures for these periods or
 future periods until the Company reports revenues.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 1px; MARGIN-TOP: 12px"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;No.&amp;#xA0;2016-02,&lt;/font&gt; &lt;i&gt;Leases (Topic
 842)&lt;/i&gt;. Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to
 recognize a lease liability and a &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;&lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;right-of-use&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; asset for all
 leases (with the exception of short term leases) at the
 commencement date. Lessor accounting under ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2016-02&lt;/font&gt; is largely unchanged. ASU
 &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2016-02&lt;/font&gt; is effective for
 annual and interim periods beginning on or after December&amp;#xA0;15,
 2018 and early adoption is permitted. Under ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2016-02,&lt;/font&gt; lessees (for capital and
 operating leases) and lessors (for sales-type, direct financing,
 and operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective
 transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after,
 the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the
 financial statements. Lessees and lessors may not apply a full
 retrospective transition approach. The Company has not yet selected
 an implementation date nor has it determined the effect of the
 standard on the Company&amp;#x2019;s ongoing financial reporting.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;No.&amp;#xA0;2016-16,&lt;/font&gt; &lt;i&gt;Income Taxes:
 Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory&lt;/i&gt; (ASU
 &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2016-16).&lt;/font&gt; This update is
 to improve the accounting for the income tax consequences of
 intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. ASU
 &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2016-16&lt;/font&gt; amends the
 guidance to recognize the income tax consequences of an
 intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the
 transfer occurs. Consequently, the amendments in this update
 eliminate the exception for an intra-entity transfer of an asset
 other than inventory. The amendments in this update do not include
 new disclosure requirements; however, existing disclosure
 requirements might be applicable when accounting for the current
 and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity transfer of an asset
 other than inventory. ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2016-16&lt;/font&gt; is effective for our interim
 and annual reporting periods during the year ending
 December&amp;#xA0;31, 2018, and all annual and interim reporting
 periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of
 ASU &lt;font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"&gt;2016-16&lt;/font&gt; is not
 expected to have a material effect on the Company&amp;#x2019;s condensed
 consolidated financial statements.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company has reviewed all other significant newly-issued
 accounting pronouncements and concluded that they either are not
 applicable to the Company&amp;#x2019;s operations or that no material
 effect is expected on its condensed consolidated financial
 statements as a result of future adoption.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock>
  <dei:TradingSymbol contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" id="id_10808016_27957ACF-C832-41E1-A8DB-A532EF41690C_1_0">ARDX</dei:TradingSymbol>
  <us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_55327EF3-FAC3-4B4A-9D31-4340066D3AE8_1_1">22387000</us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense>
  <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_1181B347-9A70-458E-8D0D-5C368C25B5CE_1_7">2109000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
  <us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" id="id_10808016_26467DBC-4B8D-476C-97DE-9F8C5389390A_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 Accrued liabilities and other liabilities consist of the following
 (in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" border="0" style="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;td width="76%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="6%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" width="6%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;March&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;December&amp;#xA0;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2017&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 Accrued clinical trial expenses&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;7,517&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;6,694&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 Accrued contract manufacturing&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;3,010&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;2,705&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 Accrued professional and consulting services&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;391&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;322&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 Other&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;647&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;684&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="font-size:1px;"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;11,565&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom" align="right"&gt;10,405&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td nowrap="nowrap" valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr style="font-size:1px;"&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="bottom"&gt;
 &lt;p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:3.00px double #000000"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" unitRef="shares" decimals="0" id="id_10808016_55327EF3-FAC3-4B4A-9D31-4340066D3AE8_1_10">47343234</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted>
  <us-gaap:SubsequentEventsTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" id="id_10808016_4B72CA2A-0CAB-44E8-A98B-B626EC4B4110_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;NOTE 9. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"&gt;
 None.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</us-gaap:SubsequentEventsTextBlock>
  <us-gaap:NumberOfOperatingSegments contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" unitRef="Segment" decimals="INF" id="id_10808016_91C8BE55-6202-46A7-A14B-338AC15783B7_1_0">1</us-gaap:NumberOfOperatingSegments>
  <ardx:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExpirationDateDescription contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" id="id_10808016_C1D57C66-1D0E-460D-B0F8-5A52F175D081_2_7">The warrants are  exercisable for an exercise price of $13.91 per share.</ardx:ClassOfWarrantOrRightExpirationDateDescription>
  <ardx:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfWarrantsExercised contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" unitRef="shares" decimals="INF" id="id_10808016_C1D57C66-1D0E-460D-B0F8-5A52F175D081_2_8">0</ardx:ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfWarrantsExercised>
  <ardx:AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0" id="id_10808016_F253CEB4-9206-4173-A09A-D5C87713892E_1_0">&lt;div&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt"&gt;
 &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Accrued Research and Development Expenses&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 As part of the process of preparing its financial statements, the
 Company is required to estimate its accrued expenses. This process
 involves reviewing open contracts and purchase orders,
 communicating with its personnel to identify services that have
 been performed on its behalf and estimating the level of service
 performed and the associated cost incurred for the service when the
 Company has not yet been invoiced or otherwise notified of the
 actual cost. The majority of the Company&amp;#x2019;s service providers
 submit its monthly invoices in arrears for services performed or
 when contractual milestones are met. The Company makes estimates of
 its accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date in its financial
 statements based on facts and circumstances known to the Company at
 that time. The Company periodically confirms the accuracy of its
 estimates with the service providers and makes adjustments if
 necessary. Examples of estimated accrued research and development
 expenses include fees paid to:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td width="5%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="2%" align="left"&gt;&amp;#x2022;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="1%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" align="left"&gt;contract research organizations
 (&amp;#x201C;CROs&amp;#x201D;) in connection with clinical studies;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td width="5%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="2%" align="left"&gt;&amp;#x2022;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="1%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" align="left"&gt;investigative sites in connection
 with clinical studies;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td width="5%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="2%" align="left"&gt;&amp;#x2022;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="1%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" align="left"&gt;vendors related to product
 manufacturing, development and distribution of clinical
 supplies;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td width="5%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="2%" align="left"&gt;&amp;#x2022;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="1%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" align="left"&gt;collaborator entities in connection
 with collaboration agreements; and&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"&gt;
 &amp;#xA0;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid"&gt;
 &lt;td width="5%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="2%" align="left"&gt;&amp;#x2022;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" width="1%"&gt;&amp;#xA0;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td valign="top" align="left"&gt;vendors in connection with
 preclinical development activities.&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;
 &lt;p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%"&gt;
 The Company records expenses related to clinical studies and
 manufacturing development activities based on its estimates of the
 services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with
 multiple CROs and manufacturing vendors that conduct and manage
 these activities on its behalf. The financial terms of these
 agreements are subject to negotiation, vary from contract to
 contract, and may result in uneven payment flows. There may be
 instances in which payments made to the Company&amp;#x2019;s vendors
 will exceed the level of services provided and result in a
 prepayment of the expense. Payments under some of these contracts
 depend on factors such as the successful enrollment of subjects and
 the completion of clinical trial milestones. In accruing service
 fees, the Company estimates the time period over which services
 will be performed, enrollment of subjects, number of sites
 activated and the level of effort to be expended in each period. If
 the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of
 effort varies from the Company&amp;#x2019;s estimate, the Company will
 adjust the accrued or prepaid expense balance accordingly. To date,
 there have been no material differences from the Company&amp;#x2019;s
 estimates to the amounts actually incurred.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;</ardx:AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
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  <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0_2029841x2029413" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_BA9E475C-CA49-4E9F-88B4-9A2CA5A47807_1001_1">1078000</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
  <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_90_20170331_0_2029841x2035076" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_BA9E475C-CA49-4E9F-88B4-9A2CA5A47807_2001_0">1031000</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
  <us-gaap:AmortizationOfFinancingCosts contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_91_20160331_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_1181B347-9A70-458E-8D0D-5C368C25B5CE_2_4">80000</us-gaap:AmortizationOfFinancingCosts>
  <us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_91_20160331_0" unitRef="shares" decimals="-5" id="id_10808016_993BD3A5-5ACF-45ED-A868-7307F47F3CB6_2_0">4500000</us-gaap:AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount>
  <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_91_20160331_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_1181B347-9A70-458E-8D0D-5C368C25B5CE_2_24">64674000</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease>
  <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_91_20160331_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD_per_shares" decimals="2" id="id_10808016_55327EF3-FAC3-4B4A-9D31-4340066D3AE8_2_9">-0.70</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted>
  <us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_91_20160331_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_BA9E475C-CA49-4E9F-88B4-9A2CA5A47807_2_2">1191000</us-gaap:AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense>
  <us-gaap:CostOfServicesAmortization contextRef="eol_PE780538--1710-Q0002_STD_91_20160331_0" unitRef="iso4217_USD" decimals="-3" id="id_10808016_1181B347-9A70-458E-8D0D-5C368C25B5CE_2_5">47000</us-gaap:CostOfServicesAmortization>
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        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:definition>127 - Disclosure - Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Detail)</link:definition>
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        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:definition>128 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Expense Recognized (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
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      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.ardelyx.com/taxonomy/role/DisclosureStockBasedCompensationAdditionalInformation" id="DisclosureStockBasedCompensationAdditionalInformation">
        <link:definition>129 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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        <link:definition>130 - Disclosure - Net Loss Per Share - Computation of Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
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      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.ardelyx.com/taxonomy/role/DisclosureNetLossPerShareAdditionalInformation" id="DisclosureNetLossPerShareAdditionalInformation">
        <link:definition>131 - Disclosure - Net Loss Per Share - Additional Information (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.ardelyx.com/taxonomy/role/DisclosureAccruedAndOtherLiabilitiesScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities" id="DisclosureAccruedAndOtherLiabilitiesScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities">
        <link:definition>132 - Disclosure - Accrued and Other Liabilities - Schedule of Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.ardelyx.com/taxonomy/role/DisclosureStockholdersEquityAdditionalInformation" id="DisclosureStockholdersEquityAdditionalInformation">
        <link:definition>133 - Disclosure - Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Detail)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/calculationLinkbaseRef" xlink:href="ardx-20170331_cal.xml" xlink:title="Calculation Links, all"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionLinkbaseRef" xlink:href="ardx-20170331_def.xml" xlink:title="Definition Links, all"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:href="ardx-20170331_lab.xml" xlink:title="Label Links, all"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:href="ardx-20170331_pre.xml" xlink:title="Presentation Links, all"/>
    </appinfo>
  </annotation>
  <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-types/2016-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-types-2016-01-31.xsd"/>
  <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/non-numeric" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/nonNumeric-2009-12-16.xsd"/>
  <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric-2009-12-16.xsd"/>
  <import namespace="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd"/>
  <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2016-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd"/>
  <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2016-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2016/country-2016-01-31.xsd"/>
  <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2016-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2016/currency-2016-01-31.xsd"/>
  <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd"/>
  <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/exch/2016-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.sec.gov/exch/2016/exch-2016-01-31.xsd"/>
  <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/invest/2013-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.sec.gov/invest/2013/invest-2013-01-31.xsd"/>
  <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/naics/2011-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.sec.gov/naics/2011/naics-2011-01-31.xsd"/>
  <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/sic/2011-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.sec.gov/sic/2011/sic-2011-01-31.xsd"/>
  <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/stpr/2011-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.sec.gov/stpr/2011/stpr-2011-01-31.xsd"/>
  <element name="AccruedClinicalTrialExpenses" id="ardx_AccruedClinicalTrialExpenses" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="AccruedContractManufacturingCosts" id="ardx_AccruedContractManufacturingCosts" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="AccruedProfessionalAndConsultantFeesCurrent" id="ardx_AccruedProfessionalAndConsultantFeesCurrent" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="ardx_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContractualMaturityPeriod" id="ardx_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContractualMaturityPeriod" type="xbrli:durationItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="CashAndCashEquivalentsGrossUnrealizedGains" id="ardx_CashAndCashEquivalentsGrossUnrealizedGains" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="CashAndCashEquivalentsGrossUnrealizedLosses" id="ardx_CashAndCashEquivalentsGrossUnrealizedLosses" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
  <element name="CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" id="ardx_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item"/>
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</schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.CAL
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>ardx-20170331_cal.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION CALCULATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- DFS Xcelerate Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase - http://www.dfsco.com/financial-services/ -->
<!-- Version: 6.23.6 -->
<!-- Round: 2 -->
<!-- Creation date: 2017-05-04T08:59:17Z -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2017 Donnelley Financial, LLC. All Rights Reserved. -->
<linkbase xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
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  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ardx-20170331.xsd#Role_StatementOfOtherComprehensiveIncome" roleURI="http://www.ardelyx.com/taxonomy/role/StatementOfOtherComprehensiveIncome"/>
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  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ardx-20170331.xsd#Role_NotesToFinancialStatementsDisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock" roleURI="http://www.ardelyx.com/taxonomy/role/NotesToFinancialStatementsDisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock"/>
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  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ardx-20170331.xsd#Role_NotesToFinancialStatementsEarningsPerShareTextBlock" roleURI="http://www.ardelyx.com/taxonomy/role/NotesToFinancialStatementsEarningsPerShareTextBlock"/>
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  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ardx-20170331.xsd#Role_NotesToFinancialStatementsStockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" roleURI="http://www.ardelyx.com/taxonomy/role/NotesToFinancialStatementsStockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock"/>
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  <calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.ardelyx.com/taxonomy/role/DocumentandEntityInformation">
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  <calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.ardelyx.com/taxonomy/role/StatementOfFinancialPositionClassified">
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity"/>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.DEF
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>ardx-20170331_def.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION DEFINITION LINKBASE
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<!-- DFS Xcelerate Taxonomy Definition Linkbase - http://www.dfsco.com/financial-services/ -->
<!-- Version: 6.23.6 -->
<!-- Round: 2 -->
<!-- Creation date: 2017-05-04T08:59:17Z -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2017 Donnelley Financial, LLC. All Rights Reserved. -->
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>ardx-20170331_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- DFS Xcelerate Taxonomy Labels Linkbase - http://www.dfsco.com/financial-services/ -->
<!-- Version: 6.23.6 -->
<!-- Round: 2 -->
<!-- Creation date: 2017-05-04T08:59:17Z -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2017 Donnelley Financial, LLC. All Rights Reserved. -->
<linkbase xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
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  <labelLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link">
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesDisclosureCurrentTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2027885_2_1">Accrued and Other Liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesDisclosureCurrentTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesDisclosureCurrentTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2026150_1_1">Accounts Payable, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2026150_2_1">Accounts payable</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccretionAmortizationOfDiscountsAndPremiumsInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccretionAmortizationOfDiscountsAndPremiumsInvestments"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccretionAmortizationOfDiscountsAndPremiumsInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2021603_1_1">Accretion (Amortization) of Discounts and Premiums, Investments</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccretionAmortizationOfDiscountsAndPremiumsInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2021603_14_1">Amortization of premium on investment securities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccretionAmortizationOfDiscountsAndPremiumsInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccretionAmortizationOfDiscountsAndPremiumsInvestments_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ardx-20170331.xsd#ardx_AccruedClinicalTrialExpenses" xlink:label="ardx_AccruedClinicalTrialExpenses"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ardx_AccruedClinicalTrialExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2227497_3_1">Accrued clinical trial expenses.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ardx_AccruedClinicalTrialExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2227497_1_1">Accrued Clinical Trial Expenses</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ardx_AccruedClinicalTrialExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2227497_2_1">Accrued clinical trial expenses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ardx_AccruedClinicalTrialExpenses" xlink:to="ardx_AccruedClinicalTrialExpenses_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ardx-20170331.xsd#ardx_AccruedContractManufacturingCosts" xlink:label="ardx_AccruedContractManufacturingCosts"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ardx_AccruedContractManufacturingCosts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2382400_3_1">Accrued contract manufacturing costs.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ardx_AccruedContractManufacturingCosts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2382400_1_1">Accrued Contract Manufacturing Costs</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ardx_AccruedContractManufacturingCosts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2382400_2_1">Accrued contract manufacturing</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ardx_AccruedContractManufacturingCosts" xlink:to="ardx_AccruedContractManufacturingCosts_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2026802_1_1">Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2026802_2_1">Accrued and other liabilities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2026802_6_1">Accrued liabilities and other liabilities</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ardx-20170331.xsd#ardx_AccruedProfessionalAndConsultantFeesCurrent" xlink:label="ardx_AccruedProfessionalAndConsultantFeesCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ardx_AccruedProfessionalAndConsultantFeesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2382401_3_1">Accrued professional and consultant fees current.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ardx_AccruedProfessionalAndConsultantFeesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2382401_1_1">Accrued Professional And Consultant Fees Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ardx_AccruedProfessionalAndConsultantFeesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2382401_2_1">Accrued professional and consulting services</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ardx_AccruedProfessionalAndConsultantFeesCurrent" xlink:to="ardx_AccruedProfessionalAndConsultantFeesCurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ardx-20170331.xsd#ardx_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="ardx_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ardx_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2421444_3_1">Accrued research and development expenses policy.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ardx_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2421444_1_1">Accrued Research and Development Expenses Policy [Policy Text Block]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ardx_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2421444_2_1">Accrued Research and Development Expenses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ardx_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="ardx_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2027239_1_1">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2027239_2_1">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2024642_1_1">Additional Paid in Capital, Common Stock</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2024642_2_1">Additional paid-in capital</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock_lbl"/>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2024215_1_1">Amendment Flag</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCosts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2021624_1_1">Amortization of Debt Issuance Costs</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2022267_1_1">Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount</label>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetBackedSecuritiesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetBackedSecuritiesMember"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetBackedSecuritiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2023135_1_1">Asset-backed Securities [Member]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetBackedSecuritiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2023135_2_1">Asset-Backed Securities [Member]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetBackedSecuritiesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetBackedSecuritiesMember_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2023136_1_1">Assets</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2023136_6_1">Total assets</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_Assets_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2027910_1_1">Assets [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2027910_2_1">Assets</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2023790_1_1">Assets, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2023790_6_1">Total current assets</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2027691_1_1">Assets, Current [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2027691_2_1">Current assets:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2022272_1_1">Assets, Fair Value Disclosure</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2022272_2_1">Assets at fair value</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2027256_1_1">Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2027256_2_1">Assets:</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecurities"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2027259_1_1">Available-for-sale Securities</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2027259_2_1">Short-term investments, Fair Value</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecurities_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2023358_1_1">Available-for-sale Securities, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2023358_2_1">Short-term investments, Gross Unrealized Gains</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2022275_1_1">Available-for-sale Securities, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2022275_14_1">Short-term investments, Gross Unrealized Losses</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAmortizedCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAmortizedCost"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAmortizedCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2024661_1_1">Available-for-sale Securities, Amortized Cost Basis</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAmortizedCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2024661_6_1">Short-term investments, Amortized Cost</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAmortizedCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAmortizedCost_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2027043_1_1">Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2027043_2_1">Investment in continuous unrealized loss position for more than one year</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="ardx-20170331.xsd#ardx_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContractualMaturityPeriod" xlink:label="ardx_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContractualMaturityPeriod"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ardx_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContractualMaturityPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2123608_3_1">Available for sale securities contractual maturity period.</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ardx_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContractualMaturityPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2123608_1_1">Available For Sale Securities Contractual Maturity Period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ardx_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContractualMaturityPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2123608_2_1">Available for sale securities contractual maturity period</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ardx_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContractualMaturityPeriod" xlink:to="ardx_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContractualMaturityPeriod_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2026609_1_1">Available-for-sale Securities, Debt Securities, Current</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2026609_2_1">Short-term investments</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2025317_1_1">Award Type [Axis]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2025317_2_1">Award Type [Axis]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2027715_1_1">Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2027715_2_1">Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2025118_1_1">Cash and Cash Equivalents, at Carrying Value</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2025118_4_1">Cash and cash equivalents at end of period</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2025118_5_1">Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ardx_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsGrossUnrealizedGains_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2368353_3_1">Cash, cash equivalents and short term investments gross unrealized gains.</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ardx_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsGrossUnrealizedLosses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2096444_3_1">Cash, cash equivalents and short term investments gross unrealized losses.</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2025421_1_1">Depreciation</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ardx_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2260742_1_1">Document And Entity Information [Abstract]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="ardx_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2260742_2_1">Document And Entity Information [Abstract]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2025647_1_1">Document Fiscal Period Focus</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2025647_2_1">Document Fiscal Period Focus</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2024142_1_1">Document Fiscal Year Focus</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2024142_2_1">Document Fiscal Year Focus</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2023078_1_1">Document Period End Date</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2023078_2_1">Document Period End Date</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2022383_1_1">Document Type</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2022383_2_1">Document Type</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="ardx_DomesticCorporateDebtSecuritiesIncludingCashEquivalentsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2398746_3_1">Domestic Corporate Debt Securities Including Cash Equivalents [Member]</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ardx_DomesticCorporateDebtSecuritiesIncludingCashEquivalentsMember" xlink:to="ardx_DomesticCorporateDebtSecuritiesIncludingCashEquivalentsMember_lbl"/>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2024160_2_1">Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2028078_1_1">Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring [Table]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2028078_2_1">Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring [Table]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_lbl"/>
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsLevel1ToLevel2TransfersAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsLevel1ToLevel2TransfersAmount"/>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsLevel1ToLevel2TransfersAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2026760_1_1">Fair Value, Assets, Level 1 to Level 2 Transfers, Amount</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsLevel2ToLevel1TransfersAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2026761_1_1">Fair Value, Assets, Level 2 to Level 1 Transfers, Amount</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2027611_1_1">Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByAssetClassDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2026313_1_1">Asset Class [Domain]</label>
    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationByAssetClassDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2026313_2_1">Asset Class [Domain]</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2030371_1_1">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities, Continuing Operations</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2034968_1_1">Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent [Abstract]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PlanNameDomain_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2039004_1_1">Plan Name [Domain]</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2039242_1_1">Preferred Stock, Shares Issued</label>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2030031_1_1">Proceeds from Sale of Short-term Investments</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2035719_2_1">Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</label>
    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2035553_1_1">Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent [Abstract]</label>
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    <labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl"/>
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    <label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="id_10808016_2035142_2_1">Stockholders' Equity</label>
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>10
<FILENAME>ardx-20170331_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- DFS Xcelerate Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase - http://www.dfsco.com/financial-services/ -->
<!-- Version: 6.23.6 -->
<!-- Round: 2 -->
<!-- Creation date: 2017-05-04T08:59:17Z -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2017 Donnelley Financial, LLC. All Rights Reserved. -->
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6808542000">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information - shares<br></strong></div></th>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
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</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus', window );">Document Fiscal Year Focus</a></td>
<td class="text">2017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus', window );">Document Fiscal Period Focus</a></td>
<td class="text">Q1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">ARDX<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Ardelyx, Inc.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001437402<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--12-31<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory', window );">Entity Filer Category</a></td>
<td class="text">Accelerated Filer<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47,386,756<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ardx_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Document And Entity Information [Abstract]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ardx_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ardx_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>If the value is true, then the document is an amendment to previously-filed/accepted document.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
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<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This is focus fiscal period of the document report. For a first quarter 2006 quarterly report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, the first fiscal quarter should be given as the fiscal period focus. Values: FY, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, H1, H2, M9, T1, T2, T3, M8, CY.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This is focus fiscal year of the document report in CCYY format. For a 2006 annual report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, fiscal 2006 should be given as the fiscal year focus. Example: 2006.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented.  If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is CCYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word "Other".</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12b<br> -Subsection 1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate number of shares or other units outstanding of each of registrant's classes of capital or common stock or other ownership interests, if and as stated on cover of related periodic report. Where multiple classes or units exist define each class/interest by adding class of stock items such as Common Class A [Member], Common Class B [Member] or Partnership Interest [Member] onto the Instrument [Domain] of the Entity Listings, Instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate whether the registrant is one of the following: (1) Large Accelerated Filer, (2) Accelerated Filer, (3) Non-accelerated Filer, (4) Smaller Reporting Company (Non-accelerated) or (5) Smaller Reporting Accelerated Filer. Definitions of these categories are stated in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFilerCategory</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12b<br> -Subsection 1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6808906368">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><sup>[1]</sup></th>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current assets:</strong></a></td>
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<td class="nump">$ 71,213<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent', window );">Short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">102,210<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="nump">126,225<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,585<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="nump">3,169<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Total current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">178,008<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="nump">203,992<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,915<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="nump">8,991<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Other assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">842<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="nump">148<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">187,765<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="nump">213,131<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,893<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="nump">5,635<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued compensation and benefits</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,856<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="nump">3,161<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities', window );">Accrued and other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,565<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="nump">10,405<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Total current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">19,314<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="nump">19,201<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Other long-term liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">767<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="nump">779<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Liabilities', window );">Total liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">20,081<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="nump">19,980<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies', window );">Commitments and contingencies</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Stockholders' equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue', window );">Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively; no shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively; 47,386,756 and 47,309,422 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.</a></td>
<td class="nump">5<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="nump">5<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">409,610<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="nump">407,092<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Accumulated deficit</a></td>
<td class="num">(241,883)<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="num">(213,875)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(48)<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="num">(71)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Total stockholders' equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">167,684<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="nump">193,151<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total liabilities and stockholders' equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 187,765<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="nump">$ 213,131<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Derived from the audited financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.</td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expenses incurred but not yet paid nor invoiced, and liabilities classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accumulated change in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, net of tax effect, at period end. Excludes Net Income (Loss), and accumulated changes in equity from transactions resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Includes foreign currency translation items, certain pension adjustments, unrealized gains and losses on certain investments in debt and equity securities, other than temporary impairment (OTTI) losses related to factors other than credit losses on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities that an entity does not intend to sell and it is not more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell before recovery of the amortized cost basis, as well as changes in the fair value of derivatives related to the effective portion of a designated cash flow hedge.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66004124&amp;loc=d3e637-108580<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66004124&amp;loc=d3e681-108580<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66004124&amp;loc=SL7669686-108580<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value received from shareholders in common stock-related transactions that are in excess of par value or stated value and amounts received from other stock-related transactions. Includes only common stock transactions (excludes preferred stock transactions). May be called contributed capital, capital in excess of par, capital surplus, or paid-in capital.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are recognized. Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(12))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(11))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are expected to be realized in cash, sold, or consumed within one year (or the normal operating cycle, if longer). Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.9)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6801-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investments in debt securities classified as available-for-sale, expected to be converted to cash, sold or exchanged within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65884222&amp;loc=d3e22054-111558<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66010992&amp;loc=d3e26626-111562<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecuritiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Cash<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6506951<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Cash Equivalents<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6507016<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the caption on the face of the balance sheet to indicate that the entity has entered into (1) purchase or supply arrangements that will require expending a portion of its resources to meet the terms thereof, and (2) is exposed to potential losses or, less frequently, gains, arising from (a) possible claims against a company's resources due to future performance under contract terms, and (b) possible losses or likely gains from uncertainties that will ultimately be resolved when one or more future events that are deemed likely to occur do occur or fail to occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03.(a),19)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=25496072&amp;loc=d3e14326-108349<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03.17)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.25)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable common stock (or common stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable common shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of the carrying values as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for obligations related to services received from employees, such as accrued salaries and bonuses, payroll taxes and fringe benefits. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Liabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all liabilities that are recognized. Liabilities are probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of an entity to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the future.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19-26)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Liabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities and equity items, including the portion of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, if any.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(23))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(25))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(32))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the following twelve months or within one business cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.21)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncurrent assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.17)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due after one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.24)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable preferred stock (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable preferred shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(8))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(7))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent</td>
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<td>instant</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(14))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cumulative amount of the reporting entity's undistributed earnings or deficit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(4))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(3))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which are attributable to the parent. The amount of the economic entity's stockholders' equity attributable to the parent excludes the amount of stockholders' equity which is allocable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (noncontrolling interest, minority interest). This excludes temporary equity and is sometimes called permanent equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27010918&amp;loc=d3e74512-122707<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6808581664">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><sup>[1]</sup></th>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract', window );"><strong>Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 0.0001<span></span>
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<td colspan="2" class="nump">$ 0.0001<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Preferred stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="nump">5,000,000<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued', window );">Preferred stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
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<td colspan="2" class="nump">0<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Preferred stock, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="nump">0<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.0001<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="nump">$ 0.0001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Common stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">300,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="nump">300,000,000<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">47,386,756<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="nump">47,309,422<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Common stock, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">47,386,756<span></span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="nump">47,309,422<span></span>
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<tr><td colspan="4"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Derived from the audited financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.</td>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common stock outstanding. Common stock represent the ownership interest in a corporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of preferred stock nonredeemable or redeemable solely at the option of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of nonredeemable preferred shares (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of nonredeemable preferred shares (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) issued to shareholders (includes related preferred shares that were issued, repurchased, and remain in the treasury). May be all or portion of the number of preferred shares authorized. Excludes preferred shares that are classified as debt.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate share number for all nonredeemable preferred stock (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) held by stockholders. Does not include preferred shares that have been repurchased.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6792037376">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating expenses:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 22,387<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 19,250<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">General and administrative</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,047<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,279<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">Total operating expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">28,434<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,529<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Loss from operations</a></td>
<td class="num">(28,434)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(23,529)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">Other income, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">426<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">62<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Loss before provision for income taxes</a></td>
<td class="num">(28,008)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(23,467)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Provision for income taxes</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (28,008)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (23,467)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted', window );">Net loss per common share, basic and diluted</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.59)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.70)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted', window );">Weighted-average number of common shares used in computing basic net loss per share, basic and diluted</a></td>
<td class="nump">47,343,234<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33,466,955<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income or loss for the period per each share in instances when basic and diluted earnings per share are the same amount and reported as a single line item on the face of the financial statements.  Basic earnings per share is the amount of net income or loss for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.  Diluted earnings per share includes the amount of net income or loss for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total of expenses of managing and administering the affairs of an entity, including affiliates of the reporting entity, which are not directly or indirectly associated with the manufacture, sale or creation of a product or product line.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.4)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 940<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68072869&amp;loc=d3e41242-110953<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(8))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a),(b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Income Tax Expense (or Benefit)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6515339<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Net Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831255<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Other Comprehensive Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831270<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of income or expense from ancillary business-related activities (that is to say, excluding major activities considered part of the normal operations of the business).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.7)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Generally recurring costs associated with normal operations except for the portion of these expenses which can be clearly related to production and included in cost of sales or services. Includes selling, general and administrative expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingExpenses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate costs incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or the entity's use, during the reporting period charged to research and development projects, including the costs of developing computer software up to the point in time of achieving technological feasibility, and costs allocated in accounting for a business combination to in-process projects deemed to have no alternative future use.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6420194&amp;loc=d3e21568-108373<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6501960&amp;loc=d3e128462-111756<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6638626128">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2016</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (28,008)<span></span>
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<td class="num">$ (23,467)<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeAvailableforsaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent', window );">Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax</a></td>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax', window );">Comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (27,985)<span></span>
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<td class="num">$ (23,467)<span></span>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income, attributable to parent entity. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Other Comprehensive Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831270<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Comprehensive Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831223<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66004124&amp;loc=d3e557-108580<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Net Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831255<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax</td>
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<tr>
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<tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Net Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831255<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Other Comprehensive Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831270<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments, of appreciation (loss) in value of unsold available-for-sale securities, attributable to parent entity. Excludes amounts related to other than temporary impairment (OTTI) loss.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68079674&amp;loc=SL4569643-111683<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)(3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64809438&amp;loc=SL4573702-111684<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68079674&amp;loc=SL4569616-111683<br></p></div>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeAvailableforsaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6805756928">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">3 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (28,008)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">$ (23,467)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Depreciation', window );">Depreciation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">594<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">310<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCosts', window );">Amortization of deferred financing costs</a></td>
<td class="nump">72<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">80<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfServicesAmortization', window );">Amortization of deferred compensation for services</a></td>
<td class="nump">46<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">47<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccretionAmortizationOfDiscountsAndPremiumsInvestments', window );">Amortization of premium on investment securities</a></td>
<td class="num">(48)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,109<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">1,191<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract', window );"><strong>Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets', window );">Prepaid expenses and other assets</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,228)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">881<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable', window );">Accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">858<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">2,102<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInEmployeeRelatedLiabilities', window );">Accrued compensation and benefits</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,305)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(1,047)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccruedLiabilities', window );">Accrued and other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,149<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">3,656<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations', window );">Net cash used in operating activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(26,761)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(16,247)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract', window );"><strong>Investing activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromMaturitiesPrepaymentsAndCallsOfShorttermInvestments', window );">Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">31,872<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfShortTermInvestments', window );">Sales of short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,482<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments', window );">Purchases of short-term investments</a></td>
<td class="num">(18,268)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Purchases of property and equipment</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,118)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(200)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations', window );">Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">22,968<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="num">(200)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract', window );"><strong>Financing activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock', window );">Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">80,837<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfSharesUnderIncentiveAndShareBasedCompensationPlansIncludingStockOptions', window );">Proceeds from issuance of common stock under stock plans</a></td>
<td class="nump">408<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">284<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations', window );">Net cash provided by financing activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">408<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">81,121<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease', window );">Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,385)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">64,674<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">74,598<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">107,004<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents at end of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 71,213<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="nump">$ 171,678<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Derived from the audited financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.</td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The sum of the periodic adjustments of the differences between securities' face values and purchase prices that are charged against earnings. This is called accretion if the security was purchased at a discount and amortization if it was purchased at premium. As a noncash item, this element is an adjustment to net income when calculating cash provided by or used in operations using the indirect method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccretionAmortizationOfDiscountsAndPremiumsInvestments</td>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCosts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization expense attributable to debt issuance costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64930785&amp;loc=d3e28555-108399<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(8))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(8))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCosts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Cash<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6506951<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3044-108585<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Cash Equivalents<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6507016<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are the amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Includes effect from exchange rate changes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=49171198&amp;loc=d3e33268-110906<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfServicesAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of expense recognized in the current period that reflects the allocation of the costs of intangible assets over the expected benefit period of such assets. This element applies only to intangible assets used in the delivery of services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.2(d))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfServicesAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Depreciation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of expense recognized in the current period that reflects the allocation of the cost of tangible assets over the assets' useful lives. Includes production and non-production related depreciation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Depreciation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the aggregate amount of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInEmployeeRelatedLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the aggregate amount of obligations related to services received from employees, such as accrued salaries and bonuses, payroll taxes and fringe benefits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInEmployeeRelatedLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccruedLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in other expenses incurred but not yet paid.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherAccruedLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in prepaid expenses, and assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) of financing activities, excluding discontinued operations. Financing activity cash flows include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on, and a return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed, or settling the obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resources obtained from creditors on long-term credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 26<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3574-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) of investing activities, excluding discontinued operations. Investing activity cash flows include making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property, plant, and equipment and other productive assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 26<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3574-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities, excluding discontinued operations. Operating activity cash flows include transactions, adjustments, and changes in value not defined as investing or financing activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3536-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperationsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Net Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831255<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Other Comprehensive Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831270<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of long-lived, physical assets that are used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale; includes cash outflows to pay for construction of self-constructed assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Investing Activities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6516133<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow for securities or other assets acquired, which qualify for treatment as an investing activity and are to be liquidated, if necessary, within the current operating cycle. Includes cash flows from securities classified as trading securities that were acquired for reasons other than sale in the short-term.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Investing Activities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6516133<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireShortTermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from the additional capital contribution to the entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Financing Activities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6513228<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfSharesUnderIncentiveAndShareBasedCompensationPlansIncludingStockOptions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total cash inflow associated with the amount received from holders to acquire the entity's shares under incentive and share awards, including stock option exercises. This item inherently excludes any excess tax benefit, which the entity may have realized and reported separately.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Financing Activities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6513228<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfSharesUnderIncentiveAndShareBasedCompensationPlansIncludingStockOptions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromMaturitiesPrepaymentsAndCallsOfShorttermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from maturities, prepayments, calls and collections of all investments, including securities and other assets, having ready marketability and intended by management to be liquidated, if necessary, within the current operating cycle. Includes cash flows from securities classified as trading securities that were acquired for reasons other than sale in the short-term.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from sales of all investments, including securities and other assets, having ready marketability and intended by management to be liquidated, if necessary, within the current operating cycle. Includes cash flows from securities classified as trading securities that were acquired for reasons other than sale in the short-term.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Investing Activities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6516133<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3179-108585<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of noncash, equity-based employee remuneration. This may include the value of stock or unit options, amortization of restricted stock or units, and adjustment for officers' compensation. As noncash, this element is an add back when calculating net cash generated by operating activities using the indirect method.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6801395424">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Organization and Basis of Presentation<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationBasisOfPresentationBusinessDescriptionAndAccountingPoliciesTextBlock', window );">Organization and Basis of Presentation</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt">
 <b>NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION</b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Ardelyx, Inc., or &#x201C;the Company,&#x201D; is focused on
 enhancing the way patients with cardiorenal and gastrointestinal,
 or GI, diseases are treated by using the gut as the gateway to
 delivering medicines that matter. The Company has pioneered the
 development of small molecule therapeutics that act predominantly
 in the GI tract, thereby avoiding potentially negative side effects
 on the rest of the body. The Company&#x2019;s strategy is to evolve
 from a research and development-focused company to an integrated
 biotechnology company, by building cardiorenal and GI portfolios in
 the United States, while exploring a variety of strategic
 commercial options outside the United States. The Company is
 developing several products and programs focused on underserved
 medical needs including the following:</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Cardiorenal Portfolio</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
 <tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td width="5%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="2%" align="left">&#x2022;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="1%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" align="left">Tenapanor: Phase 3 for treatment of
 <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">end-stage</font> renal disease,
 or ESRD, patients on dialysis suffering from elevated phosphate, or
 hyperphosphatemia</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
 <tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td width="5%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="2%" align="left">&#x2022;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="1%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" align="left">RDX7675: Phase 3 to treat patients
 with hyperkalemia, common in patients with chronic kidney disease,
 or CKD, and/or heart failure</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
 <tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td width="5%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="2%" align="left">&#x2022;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="1%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" align="left">Research Programs: The Company is
 evaluating small-molecule approaches to treat hyperkalemia in order
 to significantly reduce pill burden as well as leveraging its
 knowledge of phosphorus absorption to discover improved
 approaches.</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Gastrointestinal Portfolio</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
 <tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td width="5%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="2%" align="left">&#x2022;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="1%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" align="left">Tenapanor: Phase 3 for treatment of
 irritable bowel syndrome with constipation, or <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">IBS-C,</font> patients</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
 <tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td width="5%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="2%" align="left">&#x2022;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="1%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" align="left">RDX8940: IND filed in late 2016;
 currently advancing towards Phase 1 development</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
 <tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td width="5%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="2%" align="left">&#x2022;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="1%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" align="left">Research Programs: The Company is
 evaluating gut biased farnesoid X receptor, or FXR, agonists for
 the treatment of various GI diseases and disorders, and is
 leveraging its knowledge of the mechanisms of tenapanor in order to
 discover new agents that modulate transport of ions and other
 processes in the gut.</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company operates in only one business segment, which is the
 development of biopharmaceutical products.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Basis of Presentation</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the
 related footnote information of the Company have been prepared
 pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange
 Commission, or the SEC, for interim reporting. As permitted under
 those rules and regulations, certain footnotes or other financial
 information that are normally required by U.S. generally accepted
 accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, have been condensed or omitted
 pursuant to such rules and regulations. In the opinion of the
 Company&#x2019;s management, the accompanying interim unaudited
 condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments
 (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a
 fair presentation of the information for the periods presented. The
 results for the quarter ended March&#xA0;31, 2017 are not
 necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the entire
 year ending December&#xA0;31, 2017 or future operating periods.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and
 related financial information should be read in conjunction with
 the audited financial statements and the related notes thereto for
 the year ended December&#xA0;31, 2016, included in the
 Company&#x2019;s Annual Report on Form <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">10-K</font> filed with the SEC (the
 &#x201C;2016 Form <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">10-K&#x201D;).</font> The balance sheet at
 December&#xA0;31, 2016 has been derived from the audited financial
 statements at that date, as filed with the 2016 Form <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">10-K.</font></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements
 include the accounts of Ardelyx, Inc. and its wholly-owned
 subsidiary, Ardelyx Cayman Islands, and have been prepared in
 accordance with US&#xA0;GAAP. Intercompany transactions and
 balances have been eliminated in consolidation.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for the general note to the financial statements for the reporting entity which may include, descriptions of the basis of presentation, business description, significant accounting policies, consolidations, reclassifications, new pronouncements not yet adopted and changes in accounting principles.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6620299888">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
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<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 <b>NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt">
 <b><i>Use of Estimates</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S.
 GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
 affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial
 statements and accompanying notes. Although management believes
 these estimates are based upon reasonable assumptions within the
 bounds of its knowledge of the Company&#x2019;s business and
 operations, actual results could differ materially from those
 estimates.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Accrued Research and Development Expenses</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 As part of the process of preparing its financial statements, the
 Company is required to estimate its accrued expenses. This process
 involves reviewing open contracts and purchase orders,
 communicating with its personnel to identify services that have
 been performed on its behalf and estimating the level of service
 performed and the associated cost incurred for the service when the
 Company has not yet been invoiced or otherwise notified of the
 actual cost. The majority of the Company&#x2019;s service providers
 submit its monthly invoices in arrears for services performed or
 when contractual milestones are met. The Company makes estimates of
 its accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date in its financial
 statements based on facts and circumstances known to the Company at
 that time. The Company periodically confirms the accuracy of its
 estimates with the service providers and makes adjustments if
 necessary. Examples of estimated accrued research and development
 expenses include fees paid to:</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
 <tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td width="5%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="2%" align="left">&#x2022;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="1%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" align="left">contract research organizations
 (&#x201C;CROs&#x201D;) in connection with clinical studies;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
 <tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td width="5%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="2%" align="left">&#x2022;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="1%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" align="left">investigative sites in connection
 with clinical studies;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
 <tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td width="5%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="2%" align="left">&#x2022;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="1%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" align="left">vendors related to product
 manufacturing, development and distribution of clinical
 supplies;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td width="5%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="2%" align="left">&#x2022;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="1%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" align="left">collaborator entities in connection
 with collaboration agreements; and</td>
 </tr>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
 <tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td width="5%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="2%" align="left">&#x2022;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="1%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" align="left">vendors in connection with
 preclinical development activities.</td>
 </tr>
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 The Company records expenses related to clinical studies and
 manufacturing development activities based on its estimates of the
 services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with
 multiple CROs and manufacturing vendors that conduct and manage
 these activities on its behalf. The financial terms of these
 agreements are subject to negotiation, vary from contract to
 contract, and may result in uneven payment flows. There may be
 instances in which payments made to the Company&#x2019;s vendors
 will exceed the level of services provided and result in a
 prepayment of the expense. Payments under some of these contracts
 depend on factors such as the successful enrollment of subjects and
 the completion of clinical trial milestones. In accruing service
 fees, the Company estimates the time period over which services
 will be performed, enrollment of subjects, number of sites
 activated and the level of effort to be expended in each period. If
 the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of
 effort varies from the Company&#x2019;s estimate, the Company will
 adjust the accrued or prepaid expense balance accordingly. To date,
 there have been no material differences from the Company&#x2019;s
 estimates to the amounts actually incurred.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Recent Accounting Pronouncements</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
 (&#x201C;FASB&#x201D;) issued Accounting Standards Update
 (&#x201C;ASU&#x201D;) <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2014-09,</font> <i>Revenue from Contracts
 with Customers</i> (&#x201C;ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2014-09&#x201D;),</font> which requires an
 entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be
 entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to
 customers. ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2014-09</font>
 will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in
 U.S.&#xA0;GAAP when it becomes effective. In July 2015, the FASB
 voted to approve a deferral of the effective date of this ASU by
 one year, and to permit entities to adopt up to one year earlier if
 they choose. Therefore, the new standard will become effective for
 the Company on January&#xA0;1, 2018 and early application is
 permitted for periods beginning on or after January&#xA0;1, 2017.
 The standard permits the use of either the modified retrospective
 or cumulative effect transition method. Since the issuance of ASU
 <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2014-09,</font> the FASB has
 issued several amendments which clarify certain points in the new
 Topic 606 <i>- Revenue from Contracts with Customers</i>, including
 ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2016-08</font>
 (&#x201C;Principal versus Agent Considerations&#x2014;Reporting
 Revenue Gross versus Net&#x201D;), ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2016-10</font> (&#x201C;Identifying
 Performance Obligations and Licensing&#x201D;), ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2016-11</font> (&#x201C;Rescission of SEC
 Guidance Because of Accounting Standards Updates <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2014-09</font> and <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2014-16</font> Pursuant to Staff
 Announcements at the March&#xA0;3, 2016 EITF Meeting&#x201D;) and
 ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2016-12</font>
 (&#x201C;Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients&#x201D;).
 The Company plans to adopt all these standards on January&#xA0;1,
 2018. The Company plans to modify its accounting policies to
 reflect the requirements of these standards and plans to select the
 modified retrospective transition method. The Company did not
 recognize revenue for the three months ended March&#xA0;31, 2017
 and March&#xA0;31, 2016, and therefore, the planned adoption of
 this standard will not affect the Company&#x2019;s consolidated
 financial statements and related disclosures for these periods or
 future periods until the Company reports revenues.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 1px; MARGIN-TOP: 12px">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">No.&#xA0;2016-02,</font> <i>Leases (Topic
 842)</i>. Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to
 recognize a lease liability and a <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"><font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">right-of-use</font></font> asset for all
 leases (with the exception of short term leases) at the
 commencement date. Lessor accounting under ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2016-02</font> is largely unchanged. ASU
 <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2016-02</font> is effective for
 annual and interim periods beginning on or after December&#xA0;15,
 2018 and early adoption is permitted. Under ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2016-02,</font> lessees (for capital and
 operating leases) and lessors (for sales-type, direct financing,
 and operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective
 transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after,
 the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the
 financial statements. Lessees and lessors may not apply a full
 retrospective transition approach. The Company has not yet selected
 an implementation date nor has it determined the effect of the
 standard on the Company&#x2019;s ongoing financial reporting.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">No.&#xA0;2016-16,</font> <i>Income Taxes:
 Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory</i> (ASU
 <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2016-16).</font> This update is
 to improve the accounting for the income tax consequences of
 intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. ASU
 <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2016-16</font> amends the
 guidance to recognize the income tax consequences of an
 intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the
 transfer occurs. Consequently, the amendments in this update
 eliminate the exception for an intra-entity transfer of an asset
 other than inventory. The amendments in this update do not include
 new disclosure requirements; however, existing disclosure
 requirements might be applicable when accounting for the current
 and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity transfer of an asset
 other than inventory. ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2016-16</font> is effective for our interim
 and annual reporting periods during the year ending
 December&#xA0;31, 2018, and all annual and interim reporting
 periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of
 ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2016-16</font> is not
 expected to have a material effect on the Company&#x2019;s condensed
 consolidated financial statements.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company has reviewed all other significant newly-issued
 accounting pronouncements and concluded that they either are not
 applicable to the Company&#x2019;s operations or that no material
 effect is expected on its condensed consolidated financial
 statements as a result of future adoption.</p>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6801326352">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsTextBlock', window );">Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 <b>NOTE 3. CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND INVESTMENTS</b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Securities classified as cash, cash equivalents and short-term
 investments as of March&#xA0;31, 2017 and December&#xA0;31, 2016
 are summarized below (in thousands). Estimated fair value is based
 on quoted market prices for these investments.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="92%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="70%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="3%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="3%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="3%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="3%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"><b>March&#xA0;31, 2017</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Amortized<br />
 Cost</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom" rowspan="2">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"><b>Gross&#xA0;Unrealized</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Fair Value</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom" rowspan="2">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Gains</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Losses</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Cash and cash equivalents:</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Cash</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,084</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
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 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,084</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
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 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
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 Money market funds</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">70,129</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">70,129</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total cash and cash equivalents</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">71,213</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">71,213</td>
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 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Short-term investments</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Corporate bonds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">46,098</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(33</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">46,067</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Commercial paper</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">41,792</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(7</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">41,787</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Asset-backed securities</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">14,368</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(13</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">14,356</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total short-term investments</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">102,258</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">5</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(53</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">102,210</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">173,471</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">5</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(53</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">173,423</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt">
 <td height="16"></td>
 <td height="16" colspan="16"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"><b>December&#xA0;31, 2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Amortized<br />
 Cost</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom" rowspan="2">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"><b>Gross&#xA0;Unrealized</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Fair Value</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom" rowspan="2">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Gains</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Losses</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Cash and cash equivalents:</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Cash</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">3,638</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">3,638</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Money market funds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">68,561</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">68,561</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Commercial paper</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,399</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,399</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total cash equivalents and investments</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">74,598</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">74,598</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Short-term investments</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Corporate bonds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">58,464</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(56</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">58,410</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Commercial paper</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">62,946</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">5</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(20</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">62,931</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Asset-backed securities</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">4,886</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(2</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">4,884</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total short-term investments</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">126,296</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">7</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(78</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">126,225</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">200,894</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">7</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(78</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">200,823</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Cash equivalents consist of money market funds with original
 maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase, and the
 carrying amount is a reasonable approximation of fair value. The
 Company invests its cash in high quality securities of financial
 and commercial institutions. These securities are carried at fair
 value, which is based on readily available market information, with
 unrealized gains and losses included in &#x201C;accumulated other
 comprehensive gain (loss)&#x201D; within stockholders&#x2019; equity
 on the Company&#x2019;s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The
 Company uses the specific identification method to determine the
 amount of realized gains or losses on sales of marketable
 securities. Realized gains or losses have been insignificant and
 are included in &#x201C;other income, net&#x201D; in the consolidated
 condensed statement of operations.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 All <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"><font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">available-for-sale</font></font> securities
 held as of March&#xA0;31, 2017 had contractual maturities of less
 than one year. Investments that have maturities beyond one year as
 of the end of the reporting period are classified as <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">non-current.</font> The Company&#x2019;s
 <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"><font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">available-for-sale</font></font> securities
 are subject to a periodic impairment review. The Company considers
 a debt security to be impaired when its fair value is less than its
 carrying cost, in which case the Company would further review the
 investment to determine whether it is other-than-temporarily
 impaired. When the Company evaluates an investment for
 other-than-temporary impairment, the Company reviews factors such
 as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below
 cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer and any changes
 thereto, intent to sell, and whether it is more likely than not the
 Company will be required to sell the investment before the recovery
 of it cost basis. If an investment is other-than-temporarily
 impaired, the Company writes it down through the statement of
 operations to its fair value and establishes that value as a new
 cost basis for the investment. The Company did not identify any of
 its <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"><font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">available-for-sale</font></font> securities
 as other-than-temporarily impaired in any of the periods presented.
 As of March&#xA0;31, 2017, no investment was in a continuous
 unrealized loss position for more than one year, the unrealized
 losses were not due to a change in credit risk and the Company
 believes that is more likely than not the investments will be held
 until maturity or a forecasted recovery of fair value.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6619778240">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fair Value Measurements<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock', window );">Fair Value Measurements</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b>NOTE 4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS</b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received
 for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the
 principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in
 an orderly transaction between market participants on the
 measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value
 must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of
 unobservable inputs.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt">
 The three-level hierarchy for the inputs to valuation techniques is
 briefly summarized as follows:</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="92%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="8%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="1%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="1%"></td>
 <td width="89%"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">Level&#xA0;1</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">&#x2013;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">Valuations are based on quoted prices in active
 markets for identical assets or liabilities and readily accessible
 by the Company at the reporting date. Examples of assets and
 liabilities utilizing Level&#xA0;1 inputs are certain money market
 funds, U.S. Treasuries and trading securities with quoted prices on
 active markets.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt">
 <td height="8"></td>
 <td height="8" colspan="2"></td>
 <td height="8" colspan="2"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">Level&#xA0;2</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">&#x2013;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">Valuations based on inputs other than
 Level&#xA0;1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly,
 such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted
 prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are
 observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for
 substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Examples
 of assets and liabilities utilizing Level&#xA0;2 inputs are U.S.
 government agency bonds, corporate bonds, commercial paper,
 certificates of deposit and <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"><font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">over-the-counter</font></font>
 derivatives.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt">
 <td height="8"></td>
 <td height="8" colspan="2"></td>
 <td height="8" colspan="2"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">Level&#xA0;3</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">&#x2013;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">Valuations based on unobservable inputs in
 which there is little or no market data, which require the Company
 to develop its own assumptions.</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt">
 The following table sets forth the fair value of the
 Company&#x2019;s financial assets measured on a recurring basis by
 level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="92%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="68%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="3%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="3%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="3%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="3%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"><b>March&#xA0;31, 2017</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Total</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Level&#xA0;1</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Level&#xA0;2</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Level&#xA0;3</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Assets:</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Money market funds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">70,129</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">70,129</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Corporate bonds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">46,067</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">46,067</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Commercial paper</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">41,787</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">41,787</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Asset-backed securities</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">14,356</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">14,356</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">172,339</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">70,129</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">102,210</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt">
 <td height="16"></td>
 <td height="16" colspan="16"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"><b>December&#xA0;31, 2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Total</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Level&#xA0;1</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Level&#xA0;2</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Level&#xA0;3</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Assets:</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Money market funds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">68,561</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">68,561</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Corporate bonds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">58,410</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">58,410</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Commercial paper</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">65,330</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">65,330</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Asset-backed securities</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">4,884</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">4,884</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">197,185</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">68,561</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">128,624</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities
 are classified as Level&#xA0;1. The Company classifies money market
 funds as Level&#xA0;1. When quoted market prices are not available
 for the specific security, then the Company estimates fair value by
 using benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, and
 issuer spreads. The Company classifies corporate bonds, commercial
 paper and asset-backed securities as Level&#xA0;2. In certain cases
 where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs
 to valuation, securities are classified as Level&#xA0;3. There were
 no transfers between Level&#xA0;1 and Level&#xA0;2 during the
 periods presented.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The carrying amounts reflected in the balance sheets for cash
 equivalents, short-term investments, prepaid expenses and other
 current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate
 their fair values at March&#xA0;31, 2017 and December&#xA0;31,
 2016, due to their short-term nature.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66048111&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6957238&amp;loc=d3e14172-108612<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6957238&amp;loc=d3e14064-108612<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=73719730&amp;loc=d3e13537-108611<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=73719730&amp;loc=d3e13504-108611<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=73719730&amp;loc=d3e13433-108611<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6634547744">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock', window );">Stock-Based Compensation</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b>NOTE 5. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION</b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The following table presents stock-based compensation expense
 recognized for stock options, restricted stock units, or RSUs, and
 the Company&#x2019;s employee stock purchase program, or ESPP, in
 the Company&#x2019;s statements of operations (in thousands):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
 <td></td>
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 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="4%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"><b>Three&#xA0;Months&#xA0;Ended<br />
 March&#xA0;31,</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Research and development</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,031</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">626</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 General and administrative</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,078</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">565</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,109</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,191</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
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 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In January 2017, the Company granted performance-based restricted
 stock unit, or PRSU, awards to certain employees which vest upon
 the achievement of certain performance conditions, subject to the
 employees&#x2019; continued service relationship with the Company.
 At March&#xA0;31, 2017, 161,865 PRSUs were outstanding. Based on
 the evaluation of the probability of achieving performance
 conditions at March&#xA0;31, 2017, the Company has not recorded
 stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended
 March&#xA0;31, 2017 related to the PRSUs. The Company will continue
 to evaluate the probability of achieving the performance conditions
 for the PRSUs at each reporting period and will record compensation
 expense related to the PRSUs accordingly.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 At March&#xA0;31, 2017, the Company had $21.8&#xA0;million,
 $1.9&#xA0;million and $0.2&#xA0;million of total unrecognized
 compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, related to
 stock option grants, restricted stock unit grants and ESPP,
 respectively, that will be recognized over an average vesting
 period of 3.3 years, 3.3 years and 0.4 years, respectively. At
 March&#xA0;31, 2017, there was no unrecognized compensation expense
 related to PRSUs.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65895303&amp;loc=d3e17540-113929<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 50<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68057994&amp;loc=d3e25284-112666<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27013229&amp;loc=d3e301413-122809<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5047-113901<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5444-113901<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6619778240">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Net Loss Per Share<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Earnings Per Share [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareTextBlock', window );">Net Loss Per Share</a></td>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b>NOTE 6. NET LOSS PER SHARE</b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by
 the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding
 during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed
 giving effect to all potential dilutive common shares, including
 common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options, and unvested
 restricted common stock and stock units. The Company uses the
 treasury-stock method to compute diluted earnings per share with
 respect to its stock options and common stock equivalents. For
 purposes of this calculation, options to purchase stock are
 considered to be potential common shares and are only included in
 the calculation of diluted net loss per share when their effect is
 dilutive. Basic and diluted loss per share are calculated as
 follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="76%" align="center" border="0">
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 <td></td>
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 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"><b>Three Months Ended</b><br />
 <b>March&#xA0;31,</b></td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 <b>Numerator:</b></p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Net loss</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(28,008</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(23,467</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
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 <b>Denominator:</b></p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 For the three months ended March&#xA0;31, 2017 and 2016, the total
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 excluded from the net loss per common share computation was
 6.1&#xA0;million and 4.5&#xA0;million, respectively.</p>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for earnings per share.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6801349696">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accrued and Other Liabilities<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilitiesDisclosureCurrentTextBlock', window );">Accrued and Other Liabilities</a></td>
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 <b>NOTE 7. ACCRUED AND OTHER LIABILITIES</b></p>
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 (in thousands)</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 Other</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">
 &#xA0;</p>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities that are classified as current at the end of the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6801379760">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stockholders' Equity<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
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 For the three months ended March&#xA0;31, 2017, employees exercised
 options to purchase 19,301 shares of the Company&#x2019;s common
 stock with insignificant net proceeds to the Company. For the three
 months ended March&#xA0;31, 2016, employees exercised options to
 purchase 6,250 shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stock with
 insignificant net proceeds to the Company.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt">
 <b><i>Restricted Stock Units</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 For the three months ended March&#xA0;31, 2017, the Company issued
 15,188 shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stock due to vesting of
 restricted stock units. For the three ended March&#xA0;31, 2016,
 the Company issued zero shares of the Company&#x2019;s common stock
 due to vesting of restricted stock units.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt">
 <b><i>Employee Stock Purchase Plan</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In February 2017, the Company sold 42,845 shares under the ESPP.
 The shares were purchased at a purchase price of $8.77 per share
 with proceeds to the Company of approximately
 $0.4&#xA0;million.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Offerings of Common Stock and Warrants</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In June 2015, the Company sold and issued an aggregate of 7,242,992
 shares of its common stock and warrants to purchase 2,172,899
 shares of common stock in a private placement transaction for
 aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $77.8&#xA0;million or net
 proceeds, after deducting issuance costs, of approximately
 $74.3&#xA0;million. The purchase price for the common stock was
 $10.70 per share and the purchase price for the warrants was $0.125
 per warrant. The warrants are exercisable for an exercise price of
 $13.91 per share. None of the warrants issued in June 2015 have
 been exercised as of March&#xA0;31, 2017.</p>
 </div><span></span>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6801349696">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Subsequent Events<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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 <p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 <b>NOTE 9. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS</b></p>
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 None.</p>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for significant events or transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date through the date the financial statements were issued or the date the financial statements were available to be issued. Examples include: the sale of a capital stock issue, purchase of a business, settlement of litigation, catastrophic loss, significant foreign exchange rate changes, loans to insiders or affiliates, and transactions not in the ordinary course of business.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6747485376">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates', window );">Use of Estimates</a></td>
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 The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S.
 GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
 affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial
 statements and accompanying notes. Although management believes
 these estimates are based upon reasonable assumptions within the
 bounds of its knowledge of the Company&#x2019;s business and
 operations, actual results could differ materially from those
 estimates.</p>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 18pt">
 <b><i>Accrued Research and Development Expenses</i></b></p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 As part of the process of preparing its financial statements, the
 Company is required to estimate its accrued expenses. This process
 involves reviewing open contracts and purchase orders,
 communicating with its personnel to identify services that have
 been performed on its behalf and estimating the level of service
 performed and the associated cost incurred for the service when the
 Company has not yet been invoiced or otherwise notified of the
 actual cost. The majority of the Company&#x2019;s service providers
 submit its monthly invoices in arrears for services performed or
 when contractual milestones are met. The Company makes estimates of
 its accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date in its financial
 statements based on facts and circumstances known to the Company at
 that time. The Company periodically confirms the accuracy of its
 estimates with the service providers and makes adjustments if
 necessary. Examples of estimated accrued research and development
 expenses include fees paid to:</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
 <tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td width="5%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="2%" align="left">&#x2022;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="1%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" align="left">contract research organizations
 (&#x201C;CROs&#x201D;) in connection with clinical studies;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
 <tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td width="5%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="2%" align="left">&#x2022;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="1%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" align="left">investigative sites in connection
 with clinical studies;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
 <tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td width="5%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="2%" align="left">&#x2022;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="1%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" align="left">vendors related to product
 manufacturing, development and distribution of clinical
 supplies;</td>
 </tr>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
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 <td width="5%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="2%" align="left">&#x2022;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="1%">&#xA0;</td>
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 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 6pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0">
 <tr style="PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td width="5%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="2%" align="left">&#x2022;</td>
 <td valign="top" width="1%">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" align="left">vendors in connection with
 preclinical development activities.</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company records expenses related to clinical studies and
 manufacturing development activities based on its estimates of the
 services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with
 multiple CROs and manufacturing vendors that conduct and manage
 these activities on its behalf. The financial terms of these
 agreements are subject to negotiation, vary from contract to
 contract, and may result in uneven payment flows. There may be
 instances in which payments made to the Company&#x2019;s vendors
 will exceed the level of services provided and result in a
 prepayment of the expense. Payments under some of these contracts
 depend on factors such as the successful enrollment of subjects and
 the completion of clinical trial milestones. In accruing service
 fees, the Company estimates the time period over which services
 will be performed, enrollment of subjects, number of sites
 activated and the level of effort to be expended in each period. If
 the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of
 effort varies from the Company&#x2019;s estimate, the Company will
 adjust the accrued or prepaid expense balance accordingly. To date,
 there have been no material differences from the Company&#x2019;s
 estimates to the amounts actually incurred.</p>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
 (&#x201C;FASB&#x201D;) issued Accounting Standards Update
 (&#x201C;ASU&#x201D;) <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2014-09,</font> <i>Revenue from Contracts
 with Customers</i> (&#x201C;ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2014-09&#x201D;),</font> which requires an
 entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be
 entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to
 customers. ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2014-09</font>
 will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in
 U.S.&#xA0;GAAP when it becomes effective. In July 2015, the FASB
 voted to approve a deferral of the effective date of this ASU by
 one year, and to permit entities to adopt up to one year earlier if
 they choose. Therefore, the new standard will become effective for
 the Company on January&#xA0;1, 2018 and early application is
 permitted for periods beginning on or after January&#xA0;1, 2017.
 The standard permits the use of either the modified retrospective
 or cumulative effect transition method. Since the issuance of ASU
 <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2014-09,</font> the FASB has
 issued several amendments which clarify certain points in the new
 Topic 606 <i>- Revenue from Contracts with Customers</i>, including
 ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2016-08</font>
 (&#x201C;Principal versus Agent Considerations&#x2014;Reporting
 Revenue Gross versus Net&#x201D;), ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2016-10</font> (&#x201C;Identifying
 Performance Obligations and Licensing&#x201D;), ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2016-11</font> (&#x201C;Rescission of SEC
 Guidance Because of Accounting Standards Updates <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2014-09</font> and <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2014-16</font> Pursuant to Staff
 Announcements at the March&#xA0;3, 2016 EITF Meeting&#x201D;) and
 ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2016-12</font>
 (&#x201C;Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients&#x201D;).
 The Company plans to adopt all these standards on January&#xA0;1,
 2018. The Company plans to modify its accounting policies to
 reflect the requirements of these standards and plans to select the
 modified retrospective transition method. The Company did not
 recognize revenue for the three months ended March&#xA0;31, 2017
 and March&#xA0;31, 2016, and therefore, the planned adoption of
 this standard will not affect the Company&#x2019;s consolidated
 financial statements and related disclosures for these periods or
 future periods until the Company reports revenues.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 1px; MARGIN-TOP: 12px">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">No.&#xA0;2016-02,</font> <i>Leases (Topic
 842)</i>. Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to
 recognize a lease liability and a <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"><font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">right-of-use</font></font> asset for all
 leases (with the exception of short term leases) at the
 commencement date. Lessor accounting under ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2016-02</font> is largely unchanged. ASU
 <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2016-02</font> is effective for
 annual and interim periods beginning on or after December&#xA0;15,
 2018 and early adoption is permitted. Under ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2016-02,</font> lessees (for capital and
 operating leases) and lessors (for sales-type, direct financing,
 and operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective
 transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after,
 the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the
 financial statements. Lessees and lessors may not apply a full
 retrospective transition approach. The Company has not yet selected
 an implementation date nor has it determined the effect of the
 standard on the Company&#x2019;s ongoing financial reporting.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">No.&#xA0;2016-16,</font> <i>Income Taxes:
 Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory</i> (ASU
 <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2016-16).</font> This update is
 to improve the accounting for the income tax consequences of
 intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. ASU
 <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2016-16</font> amends the
 guidance to recognize the income tax consequences of an
 intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the
 transfer occurs. Consequently, the amendments in this update
 eliminate the exception for an intra-entity transfer of an asset
 other than inventory. The amendments in this update do not include
 new disclosure requirements; however, existing disclosure
 requirements might be applicable when accounting for the current
 and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity transfer of an asset
 other than inventory. ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2016-16</font> is effective for our interim
 and annual reporting periods during the year ending
 December&#xA0;31, 2018, and all annual and interim reporting
 periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of
 ASU <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">2016-16</font> is not
 expected to have a material effect on the Company&#x2019;s condensed
 consolidated financial statements.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The Company has reviewed all other significant newly-issued
 accounting pronouncements and concluded that they either are not
 applicable to the Company&#x2019;s operations or that no material
 effect is expected on its condensed consolidated financial
 statements as a result of future adoption.</p>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Fair Value Measurements</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received
 for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the
 principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in
 an orderly transaction between market participants on the
 measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value
 must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of
 unobservable inputs.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt">
 The three-level hierarchy for the inputs to valuation techniques is
 briefly summarized as follows:</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="92%" align="center" border="0">
 <tr>
 <td width="8%"></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="1%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="1%"></td>
 <td width="89%"></td>
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 <td valign="top">Level&#xA0;1</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">&#x2013;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">Valuations are based on quoted prices in active
 markets for identical assets or liabilities and readily accessible
 by the Company at the reporting date. Examples of assets and
 liabilities utilizing Level&#xA0;1 inputs are certain money market
 funds, U.S. Treasuries and trading securities with quoted prices on
 active markets.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt">
 <td height="8"></td>
 <td height="8" colspan="2"></td>
 <td height="8" colspan="2"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">Level&#xA0;2</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">&#x2013;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">Valuations based on inputs other than
 Level&#xA0;1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly,
 such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted
 prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are
 observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for
 substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Examples
 of assets and liabilities utilizing Level&#xA0;2 inputs are U.S.
 government agency bonds, corporate bonds, commercial paper,
 certificates of deposit and <font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"><font style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">over-the-counter</font></font>
 derivatives.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt">
 <td height="8"></td>
 <td height="8" colspan="2"></td>
 <td height="8" colspan="2"></td>
 </tr>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">Valuations based on unobservable inputs in
 which there is little or no market data, which require the Company
 to develop its own assumptions.</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6617681360">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Securities Classified as Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Securities classified as cash, cash equivalents and short-term
 investments as of March&#xA0;31, 2017 and December&#xA0;31, 2016
 are summarized below (in thousands). Estimated fair value is based
 on quoted market prices for these investments.</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td></td>
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 <td></td>
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 <td></td>
 <td></td>
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 <td></td>
 <td></td>
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 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"><b>March&#xA0;31, 2017</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 Cost</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom" rowspan="2">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"><b>Gross&#xA0;Unrealized</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Fair Value</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom" rowspan="2">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Gains</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Losses</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
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 Cash and cash equivalents:</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
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 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Cash</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,084</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
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 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,084</td>
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 Money market funds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">70,129</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">70,129</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total cash and cash equivalents</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">71,213</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">71,213</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Short-term investments</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Corporate bonds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">46,098</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(33</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">46,067</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Commercial paper</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">41,792</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(7</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">41,787</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Asset-backed securities</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">14,368</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(13</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">14,356</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total short-term investments</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">102,258</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">5</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(53</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">102,210</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">173,471</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">5</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(53</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">173,423</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt">
 <td height="16"></td>
 <td height="16" colspan="16"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"><b>December&#xA0;31, 2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Amortized<br />
 Cost</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom" rowspan="2">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"><b>Gross&#xA0;Unrealized</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Fair Value</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom" rowspan="2">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Gains</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Losses</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Cash and cash equivalents:</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Cash</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">3,638</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">3,638</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Money market funds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">68,561</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">68,561</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Commercial paper</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,399</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,399</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total cash equivalents and investments</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">74,598</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">74,598</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Short-term investments</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Corporate bonds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">58,464</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(56</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">58,410</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Commercial paper</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">62,946</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">5</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(20</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">62,931</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Asset-backed securities</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">4,886</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(2</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">4,884</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total short-term investments</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">126,296</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">7</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(78</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">126,225</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">200,894</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">7</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(78</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">200,823</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
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<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6618807984">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fair Value Measurements (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTextBlock', window );">Summary of Fair Value Measurements of Company's Financial Assets</a></td>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 12pt">
 The following table sets forth the fair value of the
 Company&#x2019;s financial assets measured on a recurring basis by
 level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 <table style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="92%" align="center" border="0">
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 <td valign="bottom" width="3%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="3%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="3%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td valign="bottom" width="3%"></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"><b>March&#xA0;31, 2017</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Total</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Level&#xA0;1</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Level&#xA0;2</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Level&#xA0;3</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Assets:</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Money market funds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">70,129</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">70,129</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Corporate bonds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">46,067</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">46,067</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Commercial paper</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">41,787</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">41,787</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Asset-backed securities</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">14,356</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">14,356</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">172,339</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">70,129</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">102,210</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt">
 <td height="16"></td>
 <td height="16" colspan="16"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="14" align="center"><b>December&#xA0;31, 2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Total</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Level&#xA0;1</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Level&#xA0;2</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>Level&#xA0;3</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Assets:</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Money market funds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">68,561</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">68,561</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Corporate bonds</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">58,410</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">58,410</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Commercial paper</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">65,330</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">65,330</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Asset-backed securities</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">4,884</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">4,884</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 5em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">197,185</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">68,561</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">128,624</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap" align="right">
 &#x2014;&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 1px">
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </div><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of assets, including [financial] instruments measured at fair value that are classified in stockholders' equity, if any, by class that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The disclosures contemplated herein include the fair value measurements at the reporting date by the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements in their entirety fall, segregating fair value measurements using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1), significant other observable inputs (Level 2), and significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66048111&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66048111&amp;loc=d3e19190-110258<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66048111&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6621306512">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock', window );">Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Recognized</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 The following table presents stock-based compensation expense
 recognized for stock options, restricted stock units, or RSUs, and
 the Company&#x2019;s employee stock purchase program, or ESPP, in
 the Company&#x2019;s statements of operations (in thousands):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="6" align="center"><b>Three&#xA0;Months&#xA0;Ended<br />
 March&#xA0;31,</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid" valign="bottom" colspan="2" align="center"><b>2016</b></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Research and development</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,031</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">626</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
 <td valign="top">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 1em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 General and administrative</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,078</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
 </td>
 <td>&#xA0;</td>
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 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid" bgcolor="#CCEEFF">
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Total</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">2,109</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">1,191</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the allocation of equity-based compensation costs to a given line item on the balance sheet and income statement for the period. This may include the reporting line for the costs and the amount capitalized and expensed.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5047-113901<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.F)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27013229&amp;loc=d3e301413-122809<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfEmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsTextBlock</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6603434176">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Net Loss Per Share (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Earnings Per Share [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock', window );">Computation of Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-TOP: 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4%">
 Basic and diluted loss per share are calculated as follows (in
 thousands, except share and per share data):</p>
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 <b>Numerator:</b></p>
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 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom"></td>
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 <tr style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; PAGE-BREAK-INSIDE: avoid">
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; MARGIN-LEFT: 3em; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -1em">
 Net loss</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(28,008</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 3px double; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">
 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1px solid; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 Net loss per share - basic and diluted</p>
 </td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
 <td valign="bottom" align="right">(0.59</td>
 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">$</td>
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 <td valign="bottom" nowrap="nowrap">)&#xA0;</td>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of an entity's basic and diluted earnings per share calculations, including a reconciliation of numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted per-share computations for income from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6808589392">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accrued and Other Liabilities (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract', window );"><strong>Payables and Accruals [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"><div>
 <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
 Accrued liabilities and other liabilities consist of the following
 (in thousands)</p>
 <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 Accrued professional and consulting services</p>
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 Other</p>
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 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;</td>
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 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <td>&#xA0;</td>
 <td valign="bottom">&#xA0;&#xA0;</td>
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 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">
 &#xA0;</p>
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 &#xA0;</p>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the (a) carrying value as of the balance sheet date of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business (accounts payable); (b) other payables; and (c) accrued liabilities. Examples include taxes, interest, rent and utilities. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer). An alternative caption includes accrued expenses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6638831744">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Organization and Basis of Presentation - Additional Information (Detail)<br></strong></div></th>
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<div>Mar. 31, 2017 </div>
<div>Segment</div>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of operating segments. An operating segment is a component of an enterprise: (a) that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses (including revenues and expenses relating to transactions with other components of the same enterprise), (b) whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the enterprise's chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance, and (c) for which discrete financial information is available. An operating segment may engage in business activities for which it has yet to earn revenues, for example, start-up operations may be operating segments before earning revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<TEXT>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6812528784">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cash Equivalents and Investments - Schedule of Securities Classified as Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments (Detail) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ardx_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash Cash Equivalents And Short Term Investments [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 71,213<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 74,598<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 171,678<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 107,004<span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ardx_CashAndCashEquivalentsGrossUnrealizedGains', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, Gross Unrealized Gains</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ardx_CashAndCashEquivalentsGrossUnrealizedLosses', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, Gross Unrealized Losses</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">71,213<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">74,598<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAmortizedCost', window );">Short-term investments, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">102,258<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">126,296<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax', window );">Short-term investments, Gross Unrealized Gains</a></td>
<td class="nump">5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax', window );">Short-term investments, Gross Unrealized Losses</a></td>
<td class="num">(53)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(78)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecurities', window );">Short-term investments, Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">102,210<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">126,225<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestments', window );">Cash equivalents and short-term investments, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">173,471<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,894<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ardx_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsGrossUnrealizedGains', window );">Cash equivalents and short-term investments, Gross Unrealized Gains</a></td>
<td class="nump">5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ardx_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsGrossUnrealizedLosses', window );">Cash equivalents and short-term investments, Gross Unrealized Losses</a></td>
<td class="num">(53)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(78)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ardx_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Cash equivalents and short-term investments, Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">173,423<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,823<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis=us-gaap_CashMember', window );">Cash [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ardx_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash Cash Equivalents And Short Term Investments [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,084<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,638<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ardx_CashAndCashEquivalentsGrossUnrealizedGains', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, Gross Unrealized Gains</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ardx_CashAndCashEquivalentsGrossUnrealizedLosses', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, Gross Unrealized Losses</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,084<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,638<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis=us-gaap_MoneyMarketFundsMember', window );">Money Market Funds [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ardx_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash Cash Equivalents And Short Term Investments [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">70,129<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">68,561<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ardx_CashAndCashEquivalentsGrossUnrealizedGains', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, Gross Unrealized Gains</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ardx_CashAndCashEquivalentsGrossUnrealizedLosses', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, Gross Unrealized Losses</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">70,129<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">68,561<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis=us-gaap_CommercialPaperMember', window );">Commercial Paper (Cash Equivalents) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ardx_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash Cash Equivalents And Short Term Investments [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,399<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ardx_CashAndCashEquivalentsGrossUnrealizedGains', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, Gross Unrealized Gains</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ardx_CashAndCashEquivalentsGrossUnrealizedLosses', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, Gross Unrealized Losses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,399<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MajorTypesOfDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_CorporateDebtSecuritiesMember', window );">Corporate Bonds (Investments) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ardx_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash Cash Equivalents And Short Term Investments [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAmortizedCost', window );">Short-term investments, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">46,098<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">58,464<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax', window );">Short-term investments, Gross Unrealized Gains</a></td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax', window );">Short-term investments, Gross Unrealized Losses</a></td>
<td class="num">(33)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(56)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecurities', window );">Short-term investments, Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">46,067<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">58,410<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MajorTypesOfDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_CommercialPaperNotIncludedWithCashAndCashEquivalentsMember', window );">Commercial Paper (Investments) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ardx_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash Cash Equivalents And Short Term Investments [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAmortizedCost', window );">Short-term investments, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">41,792<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">62,946<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax', window );">Short-term investments, Gross Unrealized Gains</a></td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax', window );">Short-term investments, Gross Unrealized Losses</a></td>
<td class="num">(7)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(20)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecurities', window );">Short-term investments, Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">41,787<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">62,931<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MajorTypesOfDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_AssetBackedSecuritiesMember', window );">Asset-Backed Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ardx_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash Cash Equivalents And Short Term Investments [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAmortizedCost', window );">Short-term investments, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,368<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,886<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax', window );">Short-term investments, Gross Unrealized Gains</a></td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax', window );">Short-term investments, Gross Unrealized Losses</a></td>
<td class="num">(13)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecurities', window );">Short-term investments, Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,356<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,884<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="6"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="6"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Derived from the audited financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash and cash equivalents gross unrealized gains.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash and cash equivalents gross unrealized losses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash, cash equivalents and short term investments fair value disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash, cash equivalents and short term investments gross unrealized gains.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash, cash equivalents and short term investments gross unrealized losses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash and cash equivalents and short term investments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in debt and equity securities categorized neither as held-to-maturity nor trading.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65884222&amp;loc=d3e22054-111558<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (aa)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=73527792&amp;loc=d3e27232-111563<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66010992&amp;loc=d3e26610-111562<br></p></div>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecurities</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before tax of unrealized gain in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) on investments in debt and equity securities classified as available-for-sale.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=73527792&amp;loc=d3e27161-111563<br></p></div>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before tax of unrealized loss in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) on investments in debt and equity securities classified as available-for-sale.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=73527792&amp;loc=d3e27161-111563<br></p></div>
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<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This item represents the cost of debt and equity securities, which are categorized neither as held-to-maturity nor trading, net of adjustments including accretion, amortization, collection of cash, previous other-than-temporary impairments recognized in earnings (less any cumulative-effect adjustments recognized, as defined), and fair value hedge accounting adjustments, if any.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value portion of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Cash<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6506951<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Cash Equivalents<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6507016<br></p></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash includes currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. It also includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits in that the customer may deposit additional funds at any time and effectively may withdraw funds at any time without prior notice or penalty. Cash equivalents, excluding items classified as marketable securities, include short-term, highly liquid Investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash, and so near their maturity that they present minimal risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Generally, only investments with original maturities of three months or less qualify under that definition. Original maturity means original maturity to the entity holding the investment. For example, both a three-month US Treasury bill and a three-year Treasury note purchased three months from maturity qualify as cash equivalents. However, a Treasury note purchased three years ago does not become a cash equivalent when its remaining maturity is three months. Short-term investments, exclusive of cash equivalents, generally consist of marketable securities intended to be sold within one year (or the normal operating cycle if longer) and may include trading securities, available-for-sale securities, or held-to-maturity securities (if maturing within one year), as applicable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Cash Equivalents<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6507016<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Cash<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6506951<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis=us-gaap_CashMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis=us-gaap_CashMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis=us-gaap_MoneyMarketFundsMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAxis=us-gaap_CommercialPaperMember</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MajorTypesOfDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_CorporateDebtSecuritiesMember</td>
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<tr>
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<td></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MajorTypesOfDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_CommercialPaperNotIncludedWithCashAndCashEquivalentsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MajorTypesOfDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_CommercialPaperNotIncludedWithCashAndCashEquivalentsMember</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MajorTypesOfDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_AssetBackedSecuritiesMember</td>
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<tr>
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<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6754989984">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cash Equivalents and Investments - Additional Information (Detail)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2017 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ardx_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash Cash Equivalents And Short Term Investments [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ardx_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsLineItems', window );"><strong>Cash Cash Equivalents And Short Term Investments [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ardx_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContractualMaturityPeriod', window );">Available for sale securities contractual maturity period</a></td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ardx_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContractualMaturityPeriod">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Available for sale securities contractual maturity period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ardx_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContractualMaturityPeriod</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash and cash equivalents and short term investments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ardx_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsLineItems</td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated unrealized loss on investments in debt and equity securities classified as available-for-sale that have been in a continuous loss position for twelve months or longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=73527792&amp;loc=d3e27290-111563<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=73527792&amp;loc=d3e27337-111563<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>35
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6812367616">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Fair Value Measurements of Company's Financial Assets (Detail) - Fair Value, Recurring [Member] - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Assets at fair value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 172,339<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 197,185<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Level 1 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Assets at fair value</a></td>
<td class="nump">70,129<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">68,561<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Level 2 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Assets at fair value</a></td>
<td class="nump">102,210<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">128,624<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis=us-gaap_MoneyMarketFundsMember', window );">Money Market Funds [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Assets at fair value</a></td>
<td class="nump">70,129<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">68,561<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis=us-gaap_MoneyMarketFundsMember', window );">Money Market Funds [Member] | Level 1 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Assets at fair value</a></td>
<td class="nump">70,129<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">68,561<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis=ardx_DomesticCorporateDebtSecuritiesIncludingCashEquivalentsMember', window );">Corporate Bonds [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Assets at fair value</a></td>
<td class="nump">46,067<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">58,410<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis=ardx_DomesticCorporateDebtSecuritiesIncludingCashEquivalentsMember', window );">Corporate Bonds [Member] | Level 2 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Assets at fair value</a></td>
<td class="nump">46,067<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">58,410<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis=ardx_CommercialPaperCashEquivalentsIncludingSecuritiesMember', window );">Commercial Paper [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Assets at fair value</a></td>
<td class="nump">41,787<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">65,330<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis=ardx_CommercialPaperCashEquivalentsIncludingSecuritiesMember', window );">Commercial Paper [Member] | Level 2 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Assets at fair value</a></td>
<td class="nump">41,787<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">65,330<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis=us-gaap_AssetBackedSecuritiesMember', window );">Asset-Backed Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Assets at fair value</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,356<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,884<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis=us-gaap_AssetBackedSecuritiesMember', window );">Asset-Backed Securities [Member] | Level 2 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Assets at fair value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,356<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,884<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value portion of probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66048111&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsFairValueDisclosure</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6779898976">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Detail)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2017 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsLevel1ToLevel2TransfersAmount', window );">Transfer of assets from Level 1 to Level 2</a></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of transfers of assets measured on a recurring basis out of Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy into Level 2.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66048111&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAssetsLevel1ToLevel2TransfersAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsLevel2ToLevel1TransfersAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of transfers of assets measured on a recurring basis out of Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy into Level 1.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66048111&amp;loc=d3e19207-110258<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAssetsLevel2ToLevel1TransfersAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>37
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6792030352">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Expense Recognized (Detail) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,109<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,191<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember', window );">Research and Development [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,031<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">626<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember', window );">General and Administrative [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,078<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 565<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the expense recognized during the period arising from equity-based compensation arrangements (for example, shares of stock, unit, stock options or other equity instruments) with employees, directors and certain consultants qualifying for treatment as employees.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.F)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27013229&amp;loc=d3e301413-122809<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5047-113901<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(1)(i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllocatedShareBasedCompensationExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationAllocationOfRecognizedPeriodCostsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>38
<FILENAME>R28.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6812689696">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Detail)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">3 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Mar. 31, 2017 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th></tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember', window );">Options to Purchase Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized', window );">Unrecognized stock based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 21,800,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1', window );">Unrecognized stock based compensation expense, weighted-average remaining recognition period</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years 3 months 18 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember', window );">Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized', window );">Unrecognized stock based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,900,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1', window );">Unrecognized stock based compensation expense, weighted-average remaining recognition period</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years 3 months 18 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=ardx_PerformanceBasedRestrictedStockUnitsMember', window );">Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (PSRUs) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber', window );">Shares outstanding | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">161,865<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized', window );">Unrecognized stock based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=ardx_EmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember', window );">Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized', window );">Unrecognized stock based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1', window );">Unrecognized stock based compensation expense, weighted-average remaining recognition period</a></td>
<td class="text">4 months 24 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Unrecognized cost of unvested share-based compensation awards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation is expected to be recognized for equity-based compensation plans, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of non-vested equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock (or unit) options, that validly exist and are outstanding as of the balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(i)-(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=ardx_PerformanceBasedRestrictedStockUnitsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=ardx_PerformanceBasedRestrictedStockUnitsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=ardx_EmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=ardx_EmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6781523632">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Net Loss Per Share - Computation of Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Detail) - USD ($)<br> $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAbstract', window );"><strong>Numerator:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (28,008)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (23,467)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract', window );"><strong>Denominator:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted', window );">Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted</a></td>
<td class="nump">47,343,234<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33,466,955<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted', window );">Net loss per share - basic and diluted</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.59)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.70)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income or loss for the period per each share in instances when basic and diluted earnings per share are the same amount and reported as a single line item on the face of the financial statements.  Basic earnings per share is the amount of net income or loss for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.  Diluted earnings per share includes the amount of net income or loss for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Net Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831255<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Other Comprehensive Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831270<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingDilutedDisclosureItemsAbstract</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6608492080">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Net Loss Per Share - Additional Information (Detail) - shares<br> shares in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders</a></td>
<td class="nump">6.1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4.5<span></span>
</td>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Securities (including those issuable pursuant to contingent stock agreements) that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share (EPS) or earnings per unit (EPU) in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS or EPU because to do so would increase EPS or EPU amounts or decrease loss per share or unit amounts for the period presented.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Antidilution<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6505113<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Diluted Earnings Per Share<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6510752<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Contingent Stock Agreement<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6508534<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6614835312">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accrued and Other Liabilities - Schedule of Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<td class="nump">$ 7,517<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 6,694<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
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<td class="nump">3,010<span></span>
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<td class="nump">2,705<span></span>
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<td class="nump">391<span></span>
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<td class="nump">322<span></span>
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<td class="nump">647<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">684<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 11,565<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,405<span></span>
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<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
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<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Derived from the audited financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.</td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accrued clinical trial expenses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accrued professional and consultant fees current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expenses incurred but not yet paid nor invoiced, and liabilities classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6904-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6911-107765<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6812336432">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)<br> $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 28, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Purchase price of common shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10.70<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 77,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock', window );">Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 74,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 80,837<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Common stock sold and issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,242,992<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Warrants issued to purchase common stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,172,899<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_invest_InvestmentWarrantsExercisePrice', window );">Warrants exercise price per share</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 13.91<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Purchase price for warrants</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.125<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ardx_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExpirationDateDescription', window );">Warrants description</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">The warrants are  exercisable for an exercise price of $13.91 per share.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ardx_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfWarrantsExercised', window );">Number of warrants exercised</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PlanNameAxis=ardx_EmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember', window );">Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeStockPurchasePlans', window );">Shares sold under ESPP</a></td>
<td class="nump">42,845<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssuedPricePerShare', window );">Purchase price of common shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 8.77<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfSharesUnderIncentiveAndShareBasedCompensationPlans', window );">Proceeds from issuance of shares under the ESPP</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember', window );">Options to Purchase Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Shares purchased by employees on exercise of options</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,301<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,250<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember', window );">Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross', window );">Stock issued during period, restricted stock units</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,188<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ardx_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExpirationDateDescription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Class of warrant or right expiration date description.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ardx_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExpirationDateDescription</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ardx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ardx_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfWarrantsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Class of warrant or right number of warrants exercised.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ardx_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfWarrantsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ardx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ardx_GrossProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Gross Proceeds From Issuance Of Common Stock</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ardx_GrossProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ardx_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_invest_InvestmentWarrantsExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Exercise price of the warrants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-X (SX)<br> -Number 210<br> -Article 12<br> -Section 13<br> -Sentence Column A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">invest_InvestmentWarrantsExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>invest_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Exercise price per share or per unit of warrants or rights outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(i)(4))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of securities into which the class of warrant or right may be converted. For example, but not limited to, 500,000 warrants may be converted into 1,000,000 shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(i)(2))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from the additional capital contribution to the entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Financing Activities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6513228<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfSharesUnderIncentiveAndShareBasedCompensationPlans">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the amount received from holders to acquire the entity's shares under incentive and share awards other than stock option exercises. This item inherently excludes any excess tax benefit, which the entity may have realized and reported separately.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfSharesUnderIncentiveAndShareBasedCompensationPlans</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share or per unit amount of equity securities issued.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued during the period as a result of an employee stock purchase plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesEmployeeStockPurchasePlans</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock issued during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of shares issued during the period, including shares forfeited, as a result of Restricted Stock Awards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of share options (or share units) exercised during the current period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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/**
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var Show = {};
Show.LastAR = null,

Show.hideAR = function(){
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<FILENAME>report.css
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
/* Updated 2009-11-04 */
/* v2.2.0.24 */

/* DefRef Styles */
..report table.authRefData{
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..report table.authRefData a {
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..report table.authRefData p {
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..report table.authRefData .hide {
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..report table.authRefData .hide a:hover {
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..report table.authRefData .body {
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..report sup {
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</TEXT>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>47
<FILENAME>FilingSummary.xml
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XML>
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<FilingSummary>
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  <ElementCount>127</ElementCount>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
