<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001558370-21-002843.txt : 20210312
<SEC-HEADER>0001558370-21-002843.hdr.sgml : 20210312
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20210311213717
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001558370-21-002843
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-8
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		5
FILED AS OF DATE:		20210312
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20210311
EFFECTIVENESS DATE:		20210312

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			ARDELYX, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001437402
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		IRS NUMBER:				000000000
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-8
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-254187
		FILM NUMBER:		21735211

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		34175 ARDENWOOD BLVD.
		CITY:			FREMONT
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94555
		BUSINESS PHONE:		510-745-7047

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		34175 ARDENWOOD BLVD.
		CITY:			FREMONT
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94555

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	NTERYX INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20080611
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>S-8
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>tmb-20210311xs8.htm
<DESCRIPTION>S-8
<TEXT>
<!--Enhanced HTML document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  9.9.1.77--><!--Created on: 3/12/2021 02:36:39 AM (UTC)--><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title></title></head><body><div style="margin-top:30pt;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:4.47%;padding-right:4.47%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 11, 2021</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Registration&#160;No.&#160;333-&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-bottom:1pt;padding-top:1pt;text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-top:3.0pt solid #000000;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:2pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-size:15pt;font-weight:bold;">UNITED STATES</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-size:15pt;font-weight:bold;">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7.0pt;margin-bottom:5pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><hr noshade="true" color="#000000" size="1" width="25.0%" style="background-color:#000000;color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;border:none;margin:0 auto;" align="center"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-size:15pt;font-weight:bold;">FORM&#160;S-8</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-size:15pt;font-weight:bold;">REGISTRATION STATEMENT</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">UNDER</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:9pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933</font></p><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7.0pt;margin-bottom:3pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><hr noshade="true" color="#000000" size="1" width="25.0%" style="background-color:#000000;color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;border:none;margin:0 auto;" align="center"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-size:21pt;font-weight:bold;">Ardelyx,&#160;Inc.</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)</p><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><hr noshade="true" color="#000000" size="1" width="25.0%" style="background-color:#000000;color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;border:none;margin:0 auto;" align="center"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:3pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;" align="center"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Delaware</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">26-1303944</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:2pt;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:2pt;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">(State or other jurisdiction of<br>incorporation or organization)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">(I.R.S. Employer<br>Identification Number)</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">34175 Ardenwood Blvd., Fremont, California 94555</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">400 Fifth Ave., Suite 210, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(510) 745-1700</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:6pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;">(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant&#8217;s principal executive offices)</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2014 Equity Incentive Award Plan</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2016 Employee Commencement Incentive Plan</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:4pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;">(Full Title of the Plan)</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Michael Raab</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">President and Chief Executive Officer</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Ardelyx,&#160;Inc.</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">34175 Ardenwood Blvd.</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Fremont, CA 94555</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">(510) 745-1700</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:6pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;">(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)</p><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7.0pt;margin-bottom:4pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><hr noshade="true" color="#000000" size="1" width="25.0%" style="background-color:#000000;color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;border:none;margin:0 auto;" align="center"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Copies to:</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Mark V. Roeder,&#160;Esq.</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Latham&#160;&amp; Watkins LLP</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">140 Scott Drive</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Menlo Park, California 94025</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Telephone: (650)&#160;328-4600</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 4pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Facsimile: (650)&#160;463-2600</b></p><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7.0pt;margin-bottom:4pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><hr noshade="true" color="#000000" size="1" width="25.0%" style="background-color:#000000;color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;border:none;margin:0 auto;" align="center"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;smaller reporting company&#8221; and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; in Rule&#160;12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:3pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;" align="center"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:21.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:26.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:21.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">Large&#160;accelerated&#160;filer</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">&#9723;</font><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">&#160;</font><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">&#160;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:7pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:26.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">Accelerated&#160;filer</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">&#9723;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:21.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">Non-accelerated filer</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">&#8999;</font><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">&#160;</font><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">&#160;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:7pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:26.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">Smaller&#160;reporting&#160;company</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">&#8999;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:21.94%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:7pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:3.4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:7pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:45.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:7pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:26.7%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">Emerging growth&#160;company</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:2.6%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">&#9723;</font></p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&#160;7(a)(2)(B)&#160;of the Securities Act. <font style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">&#9723;</font></p><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7.0pt;margin-bottom:6pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><hr noshade="true" color="#000000" size="1" width="25.0%" style="background-color:#000000;color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;border:none;margin:0 auto;" align="center"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:3pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;table-layout:auto;width:100%;" align="center"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.76%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:16.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:15.58%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:16.49%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:15.64%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.76%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:5pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Title of Securities</b><br><b style="font-weight:bold;">to be Registered</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:16.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:5pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Amount<br>to be</b><br><b style="font-weight:bold;">Registered(1)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:15.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:5pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Proposed</b><br><b style="font-weight:bold;">Maximum</b><br><b style="font-weight:bold;">Offering Price</b><br><b style="font-weight:bold;">Per Share(2)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:16.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:5pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Proposed</b><br><b style="font-weight:bold;">Maximum</b><br><b style="font-weight:bold;">Aggregate</b><br><b style="font-weight:bold;">Offering Price(2)</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:15.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:5pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Amount of<br></b><b style="font-weight:bold;">Registration Fee</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.76%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:16.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">3,743,999 shares<sup style="font-size:5.25pt;vertical-align:top;">(3)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:15.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">$6.38</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:16.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">$23,886,713.62</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:15.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">$2,606.04</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.76%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:16.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">935,999 shares<sup style="font-size:5.25pt;vertical-align:top;">(4)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:15.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">$6.38</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:16.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">$5,971,673.62</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:15.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">$651.51</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.76%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:16.5%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">457,767 shares<sup style="font-size:5.25pt;vertical-align:top;">(5)</sup></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:15.58%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">$6.38</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:16.49%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">$2,920,553.46</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:15.64%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">$318.63</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:35.76%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">Total:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:16.5%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">5,137,765 shares</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:15.58%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:7pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:16.49%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">$32,778,940.70</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:15.64%;border-bottom:3px double #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">$3,576.18</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:3pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><div align="left"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:95.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">(1)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:95.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">Pursuant to Rule&#160;416(a)&#160;under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), this registration statement shall also cover any additional shares of the Registrant&#8217;s common stock that become issuable under the 2014 Equity Incentive Award Plan (the &#8220;2014 Plan&#8221;), the 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the &#8220;ESPP&#8221;) or the 2016 Employment Commencement Incentive Plan by reason of any stock dividend, stock split, recapitalization or similar transaction effected without the Registrant&#8217;s receipt of consideration which would increase the number of outstanding shares of common stock. </p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">(2)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:95.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee pursuant to Rule&#160;457(h)&#160;and Rule&#160;457(c)&#160;promulgated under the Securities Act. The proposed maximum offering price per share and the proposed maximum aggregate offering price for shares reserved for future issuance under the 2014 Plan are based on the average of the high and the low price of Registrant&#8217;s Common Stock as reported on The Nasdaq Global Market on &#160;March 10, 2021. </p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">(3)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:95.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">Represents the shares of the Registrant&#8217;s common stock issuable under the 2014 Plan resulting from an annual increase as of January&#160;1, 2021. </p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">(4)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:95.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">Represents the shares of the Registrant&#8217;s common stock issuable under the ESPP resulting from an annual increase as of January&#160;1, 2021. </p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:4%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">(5) </p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:95.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;margin:0pt;">Represents the shares of the Registrant&#8217;s common stock issuable under the 2016 Employment Commencement Incentive Plan resulting from an annual increase as of January 1, 2021.</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:3pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 5pt 0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">This registration statement will become effective upon filing in accordance with Rule&#160;462 under the Securities Act. Proposed sale to take place as soon after the effective date of the registration statement as awards under the plans are exercised and/or vest.</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-bottom:1pt;padding-top:1pt;text-align:center;border-bottom:3.0pt solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="display:none;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';line-height:0pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:0pt;font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:4.47%;margin-right:4.47%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:91.06%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:10.35%;padding-right:10.35%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">REGISTRATION OF ADDITIONAL SECURITIES</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">By a registration statement on <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001437402/000119312514267896/d758186ds8.htm"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">Form S</font><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">&#8209;</font><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">8 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;) on July 14, 2014, File No. 333</font><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">&#8209;</font><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">197408</font></a> (the &#8220;Original Registration Statement&#8221;), Ardelyx, Inc. (the &#8220;Registrant&#8221;) registered 1,646,134 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the &#8220;Common Stock&#8221;) issuable under the Ardelyx, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Award Plan (the &#8220;2014 Plan&#8221;) and 202,762 shares of Common Stock issuable under the Ardelyx, Inc. 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the &#8220;ESPP&#8221;). The Original Registration Statement also registered 880,497 shares of Common Stock issuable under the Ardelyx, Inc. 2008 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (the &#8220;2008 Plan&#8221;), which shares become available for issuance under the 2014 Plan to the extent awards under the 2008 Plan are forfeited or lapse unexercised and are not issued under the 2008 Plan.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">By a registration statement on <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001437402/000119312516764653/d276142ds8.htm"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">Form S</font><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">&#8209;</font><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">8 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;) on November 10, 2016, File No. 333</font><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">&#8209;</font><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">214538</font></a> (the &#8220;2016 Original Registration Statement&#8221;), the Registrant registered 1,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the &#8220;Common Stock&#8221;) issuable under the Ardelyx, Inc. 2016 Employment Commencement Incentive Plan (the &#8220;2016 Plan&#8221;).</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">By the registration statements on Form S-8 listed in the table below filed with the SEC, the Registrant registered the following additional shares of Common Stock issuable under the 2014 Plan, the ESPP and the 2016 Plan:</p><div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:99.38%;" align="center"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:17.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:11.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:27.16%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:bold;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:top;width:36.71%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Additional&#160;Shares&#160;Registered</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:17.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Filing Date</b></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:11.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">SEC File<br>Number</b></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:27.16%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Description</b></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:18.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2014<br>Plan</b></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:6.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">ESPP</b></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:6.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">2016<br>Plan</b></p></td></tr><tr style="height:16.6pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:17.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">March 11, 2015</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">333-202663</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:27.16%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#8220;2015 Registration Statement&#8221;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:18.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">743,569</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:6.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">185,892</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:6.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">-</p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:17.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">March 10, 2016</p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:11.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">333-210079</p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:27.16%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#8220;2016 Registration Statement&#8221;</p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:18.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">1,038,595</p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:6.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">-</p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:6.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">-</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:17.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">February 21, 2017</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">333-216154</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:27.16%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#8220;2017 Registration Statement&#8221;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:18.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">1,892,376</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:6.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">-</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:6.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">-</p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:17.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">March 16, 2018</p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:11.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">333-223694</p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:27.16%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#8220;2018 Registration Statement&#8221;</p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:18.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">1,901,339</p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:6.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">-</p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:6.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">-</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:17.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">March 8, 2019</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">333-230156</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:27.16%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#8220;2019 Registration Statement&#8221;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:18.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">2,490,417</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:6.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">622,604</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:6.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">457,767</p></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:17.62%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">March 10, 2020</p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:11.96%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">333-237057</p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:27.16%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&quot;2020 Registration Statement&quot;</p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:18.68%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">3,552,709</p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:6.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">-</p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;width:2.17%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="background-color:#d9e2f3;vertical-align:bottom;width:6.84%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">-</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">The Registrant is hereby registering an additional 3,743,999 shares of Common Stock issuable under the 2014 Plan, an additional 935,999 shares of Common Stock issuable under the ESPP and additional 457,767 shares of Common Stock issuable under the 2016 Plan which shares are now available for grant due to automatic annual increase provisions in each respective plan.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Pursuant to Instruction E of Form S&#8209;8, the contents of the Original Registration Statement, the 2015 Registration Statement, the 2016 Registration Statement, the 2017 Registration Statement, the 2018 Registration Statement the 2019 Registration Statement and the 2020 Registration Statement are incorporated by reference in this registration statement on Form S&#8209;8.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">PART&#160;I</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE SECTION&#160;10(a)&#160;PROSPECTUS</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">The information called for in Part&#160;I of Form&#160;S-8 is not being filed with or included in this Form&#160;S-8 (by incorporation by reference or otherwise) in accordance with the rules&#160;and regulations of the SEC.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">PART&#160;II</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">In this registration statement, Ardelyx,&#160;Inc. is sometimes referred to as &#8220;Registrant,&#8221; &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;us&#8221; or &#8220;our.&#8221;</i></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-style:italic;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:48.55pt;"><b style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Item 3.</b></font><b style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#000000;">Incorporation of Documents by Reference</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">.</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">The SEC allows us to &#8220;incorporate by reference&#8221; the information we file with them, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered </p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:10.35%;margin-right:10.35%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:79.3%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:10.35%;padding-right:10.35%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">to be part of this registration statement, and later information filed with the SEC will update and supersede this information. We hereby incorporate by reference into this registration statement the following documents previously filed with the SEC:</p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(a)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001437402/000155837021002500/ardx-20201231x10k.htm"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">The Registrant&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the SEC on March 8, 2021 (File No. 001-36485)</font></a><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">; and</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">(b)</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001437402/000119312514230441/d740908d8a12b.htm"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">The description of the Registrant&#8217;s Common Stock contained in the Registrant&#8217;s registration statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-36485), filed by the Registrant with the SEC under Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;Exchange Act&#8221;), on June 9, 2014</font></a><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">, including any amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description.</font></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">All documents that the Registrant subsequently files pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 and 15(d)&#160;of the Exchange Act prior to the filing of a post-effective amendment to the registration statement which indicates that all of the shares of Common Stock offered have been sold or which deregisters all of such shares then remaining unsold, shall</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this registration statement and to be a part hereof from the date of the filing of such documents; except as to any portion of any future annual or quarterly report to stockholders, or document or current report furnished under any current or future items of Form&#160;8-K (including current Items 2.02 and 7.01, and exhibits furnished on such form that relate to such items), in each case, that is not deemed filed under such provisions. For the purposes of this registration statement, any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this registration statement.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Under no circumstances will any information filed under current Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form&#160;8-K, and exhibits furnished on such form that relate to such items, be deemed incorporated herein by reference unless such Form&#160;8-K expressly provides to the contrary.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:48.55pt;"><b style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Item 4.</b></font><b style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#000000;">Description of Securities</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">.</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:48.55pt;"><b style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Item 5.</b></font><b style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#000000;">Interests of Named Experts and Counsel</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">.</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:48.55pt;"><b style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Item 6.</b></font><b style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#000000;">Indemnification of Directors and Officers</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">.</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As permitted by Section&#160;102 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, we have adopted provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws that limit or eliminate the personal liability of our directors for a breach of their fiduciary duties of care as directors. The duty of care generally requires that, when acting on behalf of the corporation, directors exercise an informed business judgment based on all material information reasonably available to them. Consequently, a director will not be personally liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability for:</p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">any breach of the director&#8217;s duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">any act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">any act related to unlawful stock repurchases, redemptions or other distributions or payment of dividends; or</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.</font></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:10.35%;margin-right:10.35%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:79.3%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:10.35%;padding-right:10.35%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">These limitations of liability do not affect the availability of equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation also authorizes us to indemnify our officers, directors and other agents to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">As permitted by Section&#160;145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated bylaws provide that:</p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">we may indemnify our directors, officers and employees to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, subject to limited exceptions;</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">we may advance expenses to our directors, officers and employees in connection with a legal proceeding to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, subject to limited exceptions; and</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;border:0pt;"><tr><td style="width:18pt;"></td><td style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:18pt;padding:0pt;">&#9679;</td><td style="padding:0pt;"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">the rights provided in our amended and restated bylaws are not exclusive.</font></td></tr></table><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws provide for the indemnification provisions described above and elsewhere herein. We have also entered into separate indemnification agreements with our directors and officers which may be broader than the specific indemnification provisions contained in the Delaware General Corporation Law. These indemnification agreements generally require us, among other things, to indemnify our officers and directors against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers, other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct. These indemnification agreements also generally require us to advance any expenses incurred by the directors or officers as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified. In addition, we have purchased a policy of directors&#8217; and officers&#8217; liability insurance that insures our directors and officers against the cost of defense, settlement or payment of a judgment in some circumstances. These indemnification provisions and the indemnification agreements may be sufficiently broad to permit indemnification of our officers and directors for liabilities, including reimbursement of expenses incurred, arising under the Securities Act.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:48.55pt;"><b style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Item 7.</b></font><b style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#000000;">Exemption from Registration Claimed</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">.</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Not applicable.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:48.55pt;"><b style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Item 8.</b></font><b style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#000000;">Exhibits</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">.</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><div align="left"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;table-layout:auto;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:33.99%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Incorporated by Reference</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:8pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit</b><b style="font-weight:bold;"><br></b><b style="font-weight:bold;">Number</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit Description</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Form</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Date</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit<br>Number</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8.2%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Filed</b><b style="font-weight:bold;"><br></b><b style="font-weight:bold;">Herewith</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 7.2pt;">4.1</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;" href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1437402/000119312514247380/d748616dex31.htm"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation</font></a>.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">8-K</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">June 24, 2014</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">3.1</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 7.2pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 7.2pt;">4.2</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;" href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1437402/000119312514247380/d748616dex32.htm"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">Amended and Restated Bylaws</font></a>.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">8-K</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">June 24, 2014</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">3.2</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 7.2pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 7.2pt;">4.3</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;" href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1437402/000119312514240520/d704770dex42.htm"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">Form of Common Stock Certificate</font></a>.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">S-1/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">June 18, 2014</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">4.2</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 7.2pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 7.2pt;">5.1</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;" href="tmb-20210311xex5d1.htm"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">Opinion of Latham &amp; Watkins LLP.</font></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">X</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 7.2pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 7.2pt;">23.1</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;" href="tmb-20210311xex23d1.htm"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.</font></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">X</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 7.2pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 7.2pt;">23.2</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;" href="tmb-20210311xex5d1.htm"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">Consent of Latham &amp; Watkins LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)</font></a>.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">X</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 7.2pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 7.2pt;">24.1</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a href="#SIGNATURES_195949"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">Power of Attorney (included on signature page hereto)</font></a>.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">X</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 7.2pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 7.2pt;">99.1(#)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;" href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1437402/000119312514267896/d758186dex993.htm"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">Ardelyx, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Award Plan</font></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">S-8</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">July 14, 2014</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">99.3</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr></table></div></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:10.35%;margin-right:10.35%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:79.3%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:10.35%;padding-right:10.35%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><div align="left"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;table-layout:auto;width:100%;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 7.2pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 7.2pt;">99.2(#)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1437402/000119312516764653/d276142dex991.htm"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">Ardelyx, Inc. 2016 Employment Commencement Incentive Plan</font></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">S-8</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">November 10, 2016</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">99.1</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 7.2pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 7.2pt;">99.3(#)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;" href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1437402/000119312514229371/d704770dex106b.htm"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">Form of Stock Option Grant Notice and Stock Option Agreement under the Ardelyx, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Award Plan</font></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">S-1/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">June 9, 2014</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">10.6(b)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 7.2pt;"><font style="margin-left:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:11.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 7.2pt;">99.4(#)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:39.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;" href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1437402/000119312514229371/d704770dex106c.htm"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement and Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Ardelyx, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Award Plan</font></a></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:7.13%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">S-1/A</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.78%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:12.07%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">June 9, 2014</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:1.99%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:10%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">10.6(c)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:2.8%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:8.2%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr></table></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:7.0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;min-height:1.19em;position:relative;width:100%;"><hr noshade="true" color="#000000" size="1" width="25.0%" style="background-color:#000000;color:#000000;height:1pt;position:relative;top:0.6em;border:none;margin:0pt;" align="left"></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="vertical-align:text-top;white-space:nowrap;width:19.4pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">#</p></td><td style="padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;">Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.</p></td></tr></table><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;padding-left:19.45pt;text-indent:-19.45pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;text-indent:0pt;width:48.55pt;"><b style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Item 9.</b></font><b style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#000000;">Undertakings</b><b style="font-weight:bold;">.</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;font-family:'Times New Roman';min-width:36pt;white-space:nowrap;">(a)</font>The Registrant hereby undertakes:</div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:36pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;font-family:'Times New Roman';min-width:36pt;text-indent:0pt;white-space:nowrap;">(1)</font>To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:72pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;font-family:'Times New Roman';min-width:36pt;text-indent:0pt;white-space:nowrap;">(i)</font>To include any prospectus required by Section&#160;10(a)(3)&#160;of the Securities Act;</div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:72pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;font-family:'Times New Roman';min-width:36pt;text-indent:0pt;white-space:nowrap;">(ii)</font>To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule&#160;424(b)&#160;if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20&#160;percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the &#8220;Calculation of Registration Fee&#8221; table in the effective registration statement;</div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:72pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;font-family:'Times New Roman';min-width:36pt;text-indent:0pt;white-space:nowrap;">(iii)</font>To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><i style="font-style:italic;">Provided, however</i>, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i)&#160;and (a)(1)(ii)&#160;do not apply if the registration statement is on Form&#160;S-8 and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the Registrant pursuant to Section&#160;13 or 15(d)&#160;of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement.</p><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:36pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;font-family:'Times New Roman';min-width:36pt;text-indent:0pt;white-space:nowrap;">(1)</font>That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial <i style="font-style:italic;">bona fide</i> offering thereof.</div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:36pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;font-family:'Times New Roman';min-width:36pt;text-indent:0pt;white-space:nowrap;">(2)</font>To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;font-family:'Times New Roman';min-width:36pt;white-space:nowrap;">(b)</font>The Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the Registrant&#8217;s annual report pursuant to Section&#160;13(a)&#160;or 15(d)&#160;of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan&#8217;s annual report pursuant to Section&#160;15(d)&#160;of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial <i style="font-style:italic;">bona fide</i> offering thereof.</div><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0pt;"><font style="display:inline-block;font-family:'Times New Roman';min-width:36pt;white-space:nowrap;">(c)</font>Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been </div></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:10.35%;margin-right:10.35%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:79.3%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:10.35%;padding-right:10.35%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><div style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0pt;">advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.</div><div style="margin-top:12pt;"></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:10.35%;margin-right:10.35%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:79.3%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:10.35%;padding-right:10.35%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">SIGNATURES<a name="SIGNATURES_195949"></a></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form&#160;S-8 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Fremont, California, on March&#160;11, 2021.</p><div align="left"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:0pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:7.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translate(0,-50%);width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:42.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translate(0,-50%);width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:49.63%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:10pt;">A</font><font style="font-size:8.5pt;">RDELYX</font><font style="font-size:10pt;">,&#160;INC.</font></p></td></tr><tr style="height:12pt;"><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:7.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:42.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">By:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:42.52%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt;">/s/ Michael Raab</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Name:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:42.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt;">Michael Raab</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:50.36%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:7.11%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Title:</p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:42.52%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt;">President and Chief Executive Officer</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="margin-bottom:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">POWER OF ATTORNEY</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each individual whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Michael Raab and Justin Renz, and each of them, as attorneys-in-fact, each with the power of substitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and all documents in connection therewith, with the SEC, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that such attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them, or their substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.</p><div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;table-layout:auto;width:100%;" align="center"><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Signature</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.33%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Title</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:14.79%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:8pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Date</b></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.33%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:14.79%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">/s/ Michael Raab</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">President, Chief Executive Officer and Director<br>(<i style="font-style:italic;">principal executive officer</i>)</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">March 11, 2021</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Michael Raab</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td 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style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">/s/ David Mott</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Chairman of the Board of Directors</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">March 11, 2021</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">David Mott</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">/s/ Robert Bazemore</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Director</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">March 11, 2021</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Robert Bazemore</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">/s/ William Bertrand, Jr.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Director</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">March 11, 2021</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">William Bertrand, Jr.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">/s/ Muna Bhanji</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Director</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">March 11, 2021</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Muna Bhanji</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">/s/ Geoffrey A. Block</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Director</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">March 11, 2021</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Geoffrey A. Block</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">/s/ Onaiza Cadoret-Manier</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Director</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">March 11, 2021</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Onaiza Cadoret-Manier</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:9pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">/s/ Jan M. Lundberg, Ph.D.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Director</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">March 11, 2021</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Jan M. Lundberg, Ph.D.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr></table></div></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:10.35%;margin-right:10.35%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:79.3%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:10.35%;padding-right:10.35%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;table-layout:auto;width:100%;" align="center"><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">/s/ Gordon Ringold, Ph.D.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Director</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">March 11, 2021</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Gordon Ringold, Ph.D.</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">/s/ Richard Rodgers</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Director</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">March 11, 2021</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:40.34%;border-top:1px solid #000000;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Richard Rodgers</p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.26%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:40.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:2.25%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:14.79%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-left:10.35%;margin-right:10.35%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:avoid;width:79.3%;border-width:0;"></body></html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>tmb-20210311xex5d1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-5.1
<TEXT>
<!--Enhanced HTML document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  9.9.1.77--><!--Created on: 3/12/2021 02:36:19 AM (UTC)--><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title></title></head><body><div style="margin-top:30pt;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt 0pt 30pt 0pt;"><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">Exhibit 5.1</b></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><div align="left"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;table-layout:auto;width:100%;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:73.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New 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Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">March 11, 2021</font></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:26.66%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">FIRM / AFFILIATE OFFICES</p></td></tr><tr><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:73.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Beijing</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:17.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Moscow</p></td></tr><tr><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:73.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Boston</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:17.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Munich</p></td></tr><tr><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:73.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Brussels</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:17.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">New York</p></td></tr><tr><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:73.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Century City</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:17.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Orange County</p></td></tr><tr><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:73.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Chicago</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:17.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Paris</p></td></tr><tr><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:73.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Dubai</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:17.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Riyadh</p></td></tr><tr><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:73.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">D&#252;sseldorf</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:17.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">San Diego</p></td></tr><tr><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:73.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Frankfurt</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:17.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">San Francisco</p></td></tr><tr><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:73.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Hamburg</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:17.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Seoul</p></td></tr><tr><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:73.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Hong Kong</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:17.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Shanghai</p></td></tr><tr><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:73.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Houston</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:17.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Silicon Valley</p></td></tr><tr><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:73.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">London</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:17.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Singapore</p></td></tr><tr><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:73.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Los Angeles</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:17.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Tokyo</p></td></tr><tr><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:73.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Madrid</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:17.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Washington, D.C.</p></td></tr><tr><td style="display:none;vertical-align:top;width:73.33%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:9.16%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;">Milan</p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:17.5%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Arial','Helvetica','sans-serif';font-size:7pt;line-height:11pt;margin:0pt;"><font 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style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;">Re:&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b><b style="font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#000000;">Registration Statement on Form S-8; 5,137,765 shares of Common Stock of Ardelyx, Inc., par value $0.0001 per share</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">Ladies and Gentlemen:</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">We have acted as special counsel to Ardelyx, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#8220;</font><font style="font-size:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Company</font><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221;), in connection with the registration by the Company of 5,137,765 shares of common stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share (the &#8220;</font><font style="font-size:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Shares</font><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221;), issuable under the Company&#8217;s 2014 Equity Incentive Award Plan (the &#8220;</font><font style="font-size:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">2014 Plan</font><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221;), the 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the &#8220;</font><font style="font-size:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">ESPP</font><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221;) and 2016 Employment Commencement Incentive Plan (the &#8220;</font><font style="font-size:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">2016 Plan</font><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221; and together with the 2014 Plan and the ESPP, the &#8220;</font><font style="font-size:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Plans</font><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221;).</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">The Shares are included in a registration statement on Form S-8 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;</font><font style="font-size:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Act</font><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221;), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;</font><font style="font-size:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Commission</font><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221;) on March 11, 2021 (the &#8220;</font><font style="font-size:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Registration Statement</font><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221;). &#160;This opinion is being furnished in connection with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Act, and no opinion is expressed herein as to any matter pertaining to the contents of the Registration Statement or the related prospectus, other than as expressly stated herein with respect to the issue of the Shares.</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">As such counsel, we have examined such matters of fact and questions of law as we have considered appropriate for purposes of this letter. &#160;With your consent, we have relied upon certificates and other assurances of officers of the Company and others as to factual matters without having independently verified such factual matters. &#160;We are opining herein as to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the &#8220;</font><font style="font-size:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">DGCL</font><font style="font-size:12pt;">&#8221;), and we express no opinion with respect to any other laws.</font></p><p style="display:none;line-height:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;"><font style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:0pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:always;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="margin-top:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><img src="tmb-20210311xex5d1002.jpg" alt="Graphic" style="display:inline-block;height:9.12pt;width:136.8pt;"></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">Subject to the foregoing and the other matters set forth herein, it is our opinion that, as of the date hereof, when the Shares shall have been duly registered on the books of the transfer agent and registrar therefor in the name or on behalf of the purchasers and have been issued by the Company against payment therefor (not less than par value) in the circumstances contemplated by the Plans, assuming in each case that the individual issuances, grants or awards under the Plans are duly authorized by all necessary corporate action and duly issued, granted or awarded and exercised in accordance with the requirements of law and the Plans (and the agreements and awards duly adopted thereunder and in accordance therewith), the issue and sale of the Shares will have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action of the Company, and the Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. In rendering the foregoing opinion, we have assumed that the Company will comply with all applicable notice requirements regarding uncertificated shares provided in the DGCL.</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;margin:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><font style="font-size:12pt;">This opinion is for your benefit in connection with the Registration Statement and may be relied upon by you and by persons entitled to rely upon it pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Act. &#160;We consent to your filing this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. &#160;In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section&#160;7 of the Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.</font></p><div align="left"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16pt;height:max-content;padding-left:0pt;padding-right:0pt;table-layout:auto;width:100%;"><tr style="height:1pt;"><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><div style="height:1pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;position:relative;"><div style="bottom:0pt;position:absolute;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="font-size:1pt;visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Very truly yours,</p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:50%;margin:0pt;padding:0pt;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">s/ Latham &amp;Watkins, LLP.</p></td></tr></table></div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div><div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:30pt;width:100%;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:avoid;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"></body></html>
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<!--Enhanced HTML document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  9.9.1.77--><!--Created on: 3/12/2021 02:36:27 AM (UTC)--><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title></title></head><body><div style="margin-top:30pt;"></div><div style="max-width:100%;padding-left:5.88%;padding-right:5.88%;position:relative;"><div style="clear:both;max-width:100%;position:relative;"><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Exhibit 23.1</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:right;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b style="font-weight:bold;">Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</b></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"><font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement (Form S-8) pertaining to the 2014 Equity Incentive Award Plan, 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and 2016 Employment Commencement Incentive Plan of Ardelyx, Inc. of our report dated March 8, 2021, with respect to the financial statements of Ardelyx, Inc. included in its Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;"> <font style="visibility:hidden;">&#8203;</font></p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">/s/ Ernst &amp; Young LLP</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">Redwood City, California</p><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Times','serif';font-size:10pt;margin:0pt;">March 8, 2021</p></div></div><hr style="background-color:#000000;clear:both;color:#000000;height:2pt;line-height:0;margin-left:5.88%;margin-right:5.88%;margin-top:30pt;page-break-after:avoid;width:88.24%;border-width:0;"></body></html>
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