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Equity Incentive Plans (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Schedule of Stock Option Activity
The following table summarizes activity under the 2008 Plan and the 2014 Plan, including grants issued to nonemployees, in the year ended December 31, 2021:
Shares Available for GrantOptions Issued and OutstandingWeighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual Term
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
Number of SharesWeighted-Average
Exercise Price 
per Share
(in Years)(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 20201,757,058 9,790,049 $6.76 
Options authorized4,201,766 — $— 
Options granted(3,409,719)3,409,719 $6.60 
Options exercised— (331,310)$1.96 
Options canceled2,451,306 (2,451,306)$6.17 
Issuance of common stock for services(25,989)— — 
Balance at December 31, 20214,974,422 10,417,152 $7.00 6.57$— 
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 202110,417,152 $7.00 6.57$— 
Exercisable at December 31, 20216,772,289 $7.39 5.58$— 
Schedule of Valuation Assumptions for Stock Options The estimated grant date fair value of employee stock options was calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, based on the following weighted-average assumptions:
Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Expected term (years)4.976.006.00
Expected volatility77 %83 %81 %
Risk-free interest rate4.69 %1.07 %2.42 %
Dividend yield— %— %— %
Schedule of Restricted Stock Units Activity
The following table summarizes restricted stock unit activity under the 2014 Plan in the year ended December 31, 2021, and includes restricted stock units with time or service-based vesting and those restricted stock units with performance-based vesting:
Number of
RSUs
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair
Value Per Share
Non-vested restricted stock units at December 31, 2020158,626 $5.64 
Granted4,144,051 $2.71 
Vested(193,147)$6.39 
Forfeited(580,848)$6.38 
Non-vested restricted stock units at December 31, 20213,528,682 $2.04 
Schedule of Employee Stock Purchase Plan Activity
The following table summarizes our ESPP activity during the year ended December 31, 2021:
Shares Available
for Grant
Number of Shares
Purchased
Average Purchase Price
per Share
Gross Proceeds
(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020349,647 661,611 
Shares purchased(386,664)386,664 $2.12 $819 
Balance at December 31, 2021898,982 1,048,275 
Schedule of Valuation Assumptions for Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The following table illustrates the weighted-average assumptions for the Black-Scholes option-pricing model used in determining the fair value of ESPP purchase rights granted to our employees:

Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Expected term (years)0.500.500.50
Expected volatility123 %79 %69 %
Risk-free interest rate0.65 %0.48 %2.00 %
Dividend yield— %— %— %
Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Recognized
Total stock-based compensation recognized was as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Research and development$4,116 $4,061 $4,104 
General and administrative7,923 6,522 5,832 
Total$12,039 $10,583 $9,936 
Schedule of Total Unrecognized Stock-Based Compensation Expense, Net of Estimated Forfeitures
At December 31, 2021, the Company had total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, of the following (dollars in thousands):
December 31, 2021
Unrecognized Compensation ExpenseAverage Remaining Vesting Period (Years)
Stock options grant$14,506 2.4
RSU grants$2,262 0.8
ESPP$44 0.1