12. Consolidated Sponsored Investment Products

Sponsored Investment Products

In the normal course of its business, the Company sponsors various types of investment products. The Company consolidates an investment product when it owns a majority of the voting interest in the entity or it is the primary beneficiary of an investment product that is a VIE. The consolidation and deconsolidation of these investment products has no impact on net income attributable to stockholders. The Company’s risk with respect to these investments is limited to its investment in these products. The Company has no right to the benefits from, and does not bear the risks associated with, these investment products, beyond the Company’s investments in, and fees generated from these products. If the Company were to liquidate, these investments would not be available to the general creditors of the Company. The Company does not consider cash and investments held by consolidated sponsored investment products to be assets of the Company other than its direct investment in these products.

As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company consolidated twelve and eight sponsored investment products, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2014, the Company consolidated five additional sponsored investment products and deconsolidated one sponsored investment product because it no longer had a majority voting interest.

The following table presents the balances of the consolidated sponsored investment products that were reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013:


	As of
	September 30, 2014			December 31, 2013
*($ in thousands)*
Total cash	$	13,547		$	531
Total investments		241,107			139,054
All other assets		8,756			9,595
Total liabilities		(23,838	)		(8,435	)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests		(22,265	)		(42,186	)

The Company’s net interests in consolidated sponsored investment products	$	217,307		$	98,559

Consolidation

The following tables reflect the impact of the consolidated sponsored investment products in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September, 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively:

As of September 30, 2014


	Balance Before Consolidation of Investment Products			Consolidated Sponsored Investment Products		Eliminations and Adjustments (a)			Balances as Reported in Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
*($ in thousands)*
Total cash	$	172,709		$	13,547	$	—		$	186,256
Total investments		280,953			241,107		(217,294	)		304,766
All other assets		196,236			8,756		(13	)		204,979

Total assets	$	649,898		$	263,410	$	(217,307	)	$	696,001

Total liabilities	$	89,468		$	23,851	$	(13	)	$	113,306
Redeemable noncontrolling interests		—			—		22,265			22,265
Equity attributable to stockholders of the Company		560,576			239,559		(239,559	)		560,576
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interests		(146	)		—		—			(146	)

Total liabilities and equity	$	649,898		$	263,410	$	(217,307	)	$	696,001

(a)	Adjustments include the elimination of intercompany transactions between the Company and its consolidated sponsored investment products, primarily the elimination of the investments and equity and recording of any noncontrolling interest.

As of December 31, 2013


	Balance Before Consolidation of Investment Products			Consolidated Sponsored Investment Products		Eliminations and Adjustments (a)			Balances as Reported in Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
*($ in thousands)*
Total cash	$	271,014		$	531	$	—		$	271,545
Total investments		135,692			139,054		(98,434	)		176,312
All other assets		187,627			9,595		(125	)		197,097

Total assets	$	594,333		$	149,180	$	(98,559	)	$	644,954

Total liabilities	$	101,465		$	8,560	$	(125	)	$	109,900
Redeemable noncontrolling interests		—			—		42,186			42,186
Equity attributable to stockholders of the Company		492,930			140,620		(140,620	)		492,930
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interests		(62	)		—		—			(62	)

Total liabilities and equity	$	594,333		$	149,180	$	(98,559	)	$	644,954

(a)	Adjustments include the elimination of intercompany transactions between the Company and its consolidated sponsored investment products, primarily the elimination of the investments and equity and recording of any noncontrolling interest.

The following table reflects the impact of the consolidated sponsored investment products in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively:

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2014


	Balance Before Consolidation of Investment Products			Consolidated Sponsored Investment Products			Eliminations and Adjustments (a)		Balances as Reported in Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations
*($ in thousands)*
Total operating revenues	$	117,808		$	—		$	33	$	117,841
Total operating expenses		77,668			1,213			33		78,914

Operating income (loss)		40,140			(1,213	)		—		38,927

Total other non-operating (loss) income		(4,649	)		(3,109	)		4,021		(3,737	)

Income (loss) before income tax expense		35,491			(4,322	)		4,021		35,190
Income tax benefit		(1,805	)		—			—		(1,805	)

Net income (loss)		37,296			(4,322	)		4,021		36,995
Noncontrolling interests		44			—			301		345

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	37,340		$	(4,322	)	$	4,322	$	37,340

(a)	Adjustments include the elimination of intercompany transactions between the Company and its consolidated sponsored investment products, primarily the elimination of the investments and equity and recording of any noncontrolling interest.

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2013


	Balance Before Consolidation of Investment Products		Consolidated Investment Products			Eliminations and Adjustments (a)			Balances as Reported in Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations
*($ in thousands)*
Total operating revenues	$	100,319	$	—		$	90		$	100,409
Total operating expenses		68,547		142			90			68,779

Operating income (loss)		31,772		(142	)		—			31,630

Total other non-operating income (expense)		1,870		923			(554	)		2,239

Income (loss) before income tax expense		33,642		781			(554	)		33,869
Income tax expense		12,567		—			—			12,567

Net income (loss)		21,075		781			(554	)		21,302
Noncontrolling interests		14		—			(227	)		(213	)

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	21,089	$	781		$	(781	)	$	21,089

(a)	Adjustments include the elimination of intercompany transactions between the Company and its consolidated sponsored investment products, primarily the elimination of the investments and equity and recording of any noncontrolling interest.

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014


	Balance Before Consolidation of Investment Products		Consolidated Sponsored Investment Products			Eliminations and Adjustments (a)			Balances as Reported in Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations
*($ in thousands)*
Total operating revenues	$	338,534	$	—		$	(73	)	$	338,461
Total operating expenses		242,032		2,447			(73	)		244,406

Operating income (loss)		96,502		(2,447	)		—			94,055

Total other non-operating income (expense)		6,545		5,883			(3,618	)		8,810

Income (loss) before income tax expense		103,047		3,436			(3,618	)		102,865
Income tax expense		24,311		—			—			24,311

Net income (loss)		78,736		3,436			(3,618	)		78,554
Noncontrolling interests		85		—			182			267

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	78,821	$	3,436		$	(3,436	)	$	78,821

(a)	Adjustments include the elimination of intercompany transactions between the Company and its consolidated sponsored investment products, primarily the elimination of the investments and equity and recording of any noncontrolling interest.

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013


	Balance Before Consolidation of Investment Products		Consolidated Investment Products			Eliminations and Adjustments (a)		Balances as Reported in Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations
*($ in thousands)*
Total operating revenues	$	282,575	$	—		$	142	$	282,717
Total operating expenses		202,557		406			142		203,105

Operating income (loss)		80,018		(406	)		—		79,612

Total other non-operating income (expense)		705		(768	)		1,056		993

Income (loss) before income tax expense		80,723		(1,174	)		1,056		80,605
Income tax expense		30,335		—			—		30,335

Net income (loss)		50,388		(1,174	)		1,056		50,270
Noncontrolling interests		46		—			118		164

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	50,434	$	(1,174	)	$	1,174	$	50,434

(a)	Adjustments include the elimination of intercompany transactions between the Company and its consolidated sponsored investment products, primarily the elimination of the investments and equity and recording of any noncontrolling interest.

Fair Value Measurements of Consolidated Sponsored Investment Products

The assets and liabilities of the consolidated sponsored investment products measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 by fair value hierarchy level were as follows:

September 30, 2014


	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
*($ in thousands)*
Assets
Debt securities	$	—	$	146,245	$	447	$	146,692
Equity securities		94,219		196		—		94,415
Derivatives		140		148		—		288

Total Assets Measured at Fair Value	$	94,359	$	146,589	$	447	$	241,395

Liabilities
Short sales	$	10,249	$	485	$	—	$	10,734

Total Liabilities Measured at Fair Value	$	10,249	$	485	$	—	$	10,734

December 31, 2013


	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
*($ in thousands)*
Assets
Debt securities	$	—	$	47,114	$	—	$	47,114
Equity securities		91,940		—		—		91,940

Total Assets Measured at Fair Value	$	91,940	$	47,114	$	—	$	139,054

The following is a discussion of the valuation methodologies used for the assets and liabilities of the Company’s consolidated sponsored investment products measured at fair value.

Investments of consolidated sponsored investment products represent the underlying debt and equity securities held in sponsored products which are consolidated by the Company. Equity securities are valued at the official closing price on the exchange on which the securities are traded and are categorized within Level 1. Level 2 investments include certain equity securities for which closing prices are not readily available or are deemed to not reflect readily available market prices and are valued using an independent pricing service as well as most debt securities, which are valued based on quotations received from independent pricing services or from dealers who make markets in such securities. Pricing services do not provide pricing for all securities, and therefore indicative bids from dealers are utilized, which are based on pricing models used by market makers in the security and are also included within Level 2. Level 3 investments include debt securities that are not widely traded, are illiquid and are priced by dealers based on pricing models used by market makers in the security.

The following table is a reconciliation of assets of consolidated sponsored investment products for Level 3 investments for which significant unobservable inputs were used to determine fair value.


	Level 3 Debt securities (a)
Balance at December 31, 2013	$	—
Purchases		450
Sales		—
Paydowns		(2	)
Change in unrealized gain/loss		(1	)

Balance at September 30, 2014	$	447

(a)	None of the securities in the above table are internally fair valued at September 30, 2014.

There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 during the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Securities held by the consolidated sponsored investment products, with an end-of-period value of $5.2 million, were transferred from Level 2 to Level 1 during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 due to the availability of unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets.

Derivatives

Beginning in the second quarter of 2014, the Company consolidated investment products which include derivative instruments as part of their investment strategies. These derivatives may include futures contracts, options contracts and forward contracts. The fair value of such derivatives at September 30, 2014 was immaterial. The change in fair value of such derivatives, which is recorded in realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments of consolidated sponsored investment products, net, was immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014. In connection with entering into these derivative contracts, these funds may be required to pledge to the broker an amount of cash equal to the “initial margin” requirements that varies based on the type of derivative. The cash pledged or on deposit is recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet of the Company as Cash pledged or on deposit of consolidated sponsored investment products.

Short Sales

Some of the Company’s consolidated sponsored investment products may engage in short sales, which are transactions in which a fund sells a security that it does not own (or that it owns but does not intend to deliver) in anticipation that the price of the security will decline. Short sales are recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet within Other liabilities of consolidated sponsored investment products.