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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Components of Provision for Income Taxes | The components of the provision for income taxes were as follows:
| Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Current |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 23,066 |  |  | $ | 18,864 |  |  | $ | 15,670 |
State | 6,129 |  |  | 3,668 |  |  | 1,985 |
Total current tax expense (benefit) | 29,195 |  |  | 22,532 |  |  | 17,655 |
Deferred |  |  |  |  |
Federal | 3,535 |  |  | 5,901 |  |  | 20,895 |
State | 2,447 |  |  | 4,528 |  |  | 1,940 |
Total deferred tax expense (benefit) | 5,982 |  |  | 10,429 |  |  | 22,835 |
Total expense (benefit) for income taxes | $ | 35,177 |  |  | $ | 32,961 |  |  | $ | 40,490 |
Reconciliation of Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes | The following presents a reconciliation of the provision (benefit) for income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate to the provision (benefit) for income taxes recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years indicated:
| Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Tax at statutory rate | $ | 29,544 |  |  | 21 | % |  | $ | 22,899 |  |  | 21 | % |  | $ | 28,150 |  |  | 35 | %
State taxes, net of federal benefit | 6,859 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 6,450 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 3,548 |  |  | 4 |
Effect of U.S. tax reform (the Tax Act) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,074 |  |  | 16 |
Effect of net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (968 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (171 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,017 | ) |  | (1 | )
Change in valuation allowance | (1,330 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | 4,508 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (2,613 | ) |  | (3 | )
Other, net | 1,072 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (725 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (652 | ) |  | (1 | )
Income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 35,177 |  |  | 25 | % |  | $ | 32,961 |  |  | 30 | % |  | $ | 40,490 |  |  | 50 | %
Summary of Tax Effects of Temporary Differences | The tax effects of temporary differences were as follows:
| December 31,
(in thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Intangible assets | $ | 5,279 |  |  | $ | 7,352 |
Net operating losses | 13,704 |  |  | 14,750 |
Compensation accruals | 12,789 |  |  | 11,728 |
Lease liability | 6,897 |  |  | — |
Investments | 5,561 |  |  | 7,557 |
Capital losses | 773 |  |  | 512 |
Other | 581 |  |  | 942 |
Gross deferred tax assets | 45,584 |  |  | 42,841 |
Valuation allowance | (6,844 | ) |  | (8,439 | )
Gross deferred tax assets after valuation allowance | 38,740 |  |  | 34,402 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Intangible assets | (15,252 | ) |  | (12,286 | )
Right of use asset | (5,263 | ) |  | — |
Fixed assets | (1,372 | ) |  | — |
Other investments | (975 | ) |  | — |
Gross deferred tax liabilities | (22,862 | ) |  | (12,286 | )
Deferred tax assets, net | $ | 15,878 |  |  | $ | 22,116 |
Summary of Income Tax Contingencies | Activity in unrecognized tax benefits were as follows:
| Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Balance, beginning of year | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Decrease related to tax positions taken in prior years | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Increase related to positions taken in the current year | 1,172 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance, end of year | $ | 1,172 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32639-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32537-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32687-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure for tax positions taken in the tax returns filed or to be filed for which it is more likely than not that the tax position will not be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities and other income tax contingencies. Includes, but is not limited to, interest and penalties, reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits, unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate, tax years that remain subject to examination by tax jurisdictions, and information about positions for which it is reasonably possible that amounts unrecognized will significantly change within 12 months. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15A -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=SL6600010-109319 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32718-109319 Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 19 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32840-109319 + Details
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