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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 3 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2014
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Accounting Principles These condensed consolidated statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which, in management’s opinion, are necessary, and should be read in conjunction with the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2014 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on May 8, 2014. Principles of Consolidation The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Apollo Medical Holdings, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries AMM, ApolloMed ACO, PCCM, and VMM, its controlling interest in Aligned Healthcare, Inc. (“AHI”), which has no operations, and PPCs managed under long-term management service agreements including AMH, MMG, ACC, LALC, Hendel and AKM. Some states have laws that prohibit business entities, such as ApolloMed, from practicing medicine, employing physicians to practice medicine, exercising control over medical decisions by physicians (collectively known as the corporate practice of medicine), or engaging in certain arrangements with physicians, such as fee-splitting. In California, the Company operates by maintaining long-term management service agreements with the PPCs, which are each owned and operated by physicians, and which employ or contract with additional physicians to provide hospitalist services. Under the management agreements, the Company provides and performs all non-medical management and administrative services, including financial management, information systems, marketing, risk management and administrative support. The management agreements typically range from 10 to 20 years unless terminated by either party for cause. The management agreements are not terminable by the PPCs, except in the case of material breach or bankruptcy of the respective PPM. Through the management agreements and the Company’s relationship with the stockholders of the PPCs, the Company has exclusive authority over all non-medical decision making related to the ongoing business operations of the PPCs. Consequently, the Company consolidates the revenue and expenses of the PPCs from the date of execution of the management agreements. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Revenue Recognition Revenue consists of contracted, fee-for-service, and capitation revenue. Revenue is recorded in the period in which services are rendered. Revenue is principally derived from the provision of healthcare staffing services to patients within healthcare facilities. The form of billing and related risk of collection for such services may vary by customer. The following is a summary of the principal forms of the Company’s billing arrangements and how net revenue is recognized for each. Contracted revenue Contracted revenue represents revenue generated under contracts for which the Company provides physician and other healthcare staffing and administrative services in return for a contractually negotiated fee. Contract revenue consists primarily of billings based on hours of healthcare staffing provided at agreed-to hourly rates. Revenue in such cases is recognized as the hours are worked by the Company’s staff and contractors. Additionally, contract revenue also includes supplemental revenue from hospitals where the Company may have a fee-for-service contract arrangement or provide physician advisory services to the medical staff at a specific facility. Contract revenue for the supplemental billing in such cases is recognized based on the terms of each individual contract. Such contract terms generally either provides for a fixed monthly dollar amount or a variable amount based upon measurable monthly activity, such as hours staffed, patient visits or collections per visit compared to a minimum activity threshold. Such supplemental revenues based on variable arrangements are usually contractually fixed on a monthly, quarterly or annual calculation basis considering the variable factors negotiated in each such arrangement. Such supplemental revenues are recognized as revenue in the period when such amounts are determined to be fixed and therefore contractually obligated as payable by the customer under the terms of the respective agreement. Additionally, the Company derives a portion of the Company’s revenue as a contractual bonus from collections received by the Company’s partners and such revenue is contingent upon the collection of third-party billings. These revenues are not considered earned and therefore not recognized as revenue until actual cash collections are achieved in accordance with the contractual arrangements for such services. Fee-for-service revenue Fee-for-service revenue represents revenue earned under contracts in which the Company bills and collects the professional component of charges for medical services rendered by the Company’s contracted and employed physicians. Under the fee-for-service arrangements, the Company bills patients for services provided and receives payment from patients or their third-party payers. Fee-for-service revenue is reported net of contractual allowances and policy discounts. All services provided are expected to result in cash flows and are therefore reflected as net revenue in the financial statements. Fee-for-service revenue is recognized in the period in which the services are rendered to specific patients and reduced immediately for the estimated impact of contractual allowances in the case of those patients having third-party payor coverage. The recognition of net revenue (gross charges less contractual allowances) from such visits is dependent on such factors as proper completion of medical charts following a patient visit, the forwarding of such charts to the Company’s billing center for medical coding and entering into the Company’s billing system and the verification of each patient’s submission or representation at the time services are rendered as to the payor(s) responsible for payment of such services. Revenue is recorded based on the information known at the time of entering of such information into the Company’s billing systems as well as an estimate of the revenue associated with medical services. Capitation revenue Capitation revenue (net of capitation withheld to fund risk share deficits) is recognized in the month in which the Company is obligated to provide services. Minor ongoing adjustments to prior months’ capitation, primarily arising from contracted health maintenance organizations (each, an “HMO”) finalizing of monthly patient eligibility data for additions or subtractions of enrollees, are recognized in the month they are communicated to the Company. Managed care revenues of the Company consist primarily of capitated fees for medical services provided by the Company under a provider service agreement (PSA) or capitated arrangements directly made with various managed care providers including HMO’s. Capitation revenue under the PSA and HMO contracts is prepaid monthly to the Company based on the number of enrollees electing the Company as their healthcare provider. Additionally, Medicare pays capitation using a “Risk Adjustment model,” which compensates managed care organizations and providers based on the health status (acuity) of each individual enrollee. Health plans and providers with higher acuity enrollees will receive more and those with lower acuity enrollees will receive less. Under Risk Adjustment, capitation is determined based on health severity, measured using patient encounter data. Capitation is paid on an interim basis based on data submitted for the enrollee for the preceding year and is adjusted in subsequent periods after the final data is compiled. Positive or negative capitation adjustments are made for Medicare enrollees with conditions requiring more or less healthcare services than assumed in the interim payments. Since the Company cannot reliably predict these adjustments, periodic changes in capitation amounts earned as a result of Risk Adjustment are recognized when those changes are communicated by the health plans to the Company. HMO contracts also include provisions to share in the risk for enrollee hospitalization, whereby the Company can earn additional incentive revenue or incur penalties based upon the utilization of hospital services. Typically, any shared risk deficits are not payable until and unless the Company generates future risk sharing surpluses, or if the HMO withholds a portion of the capitation revenue to fund any risk share deficits. At the termination of the HMO contract, any accumulated risk share deficit is typically extinguished. Due to the lack of access to information necessary to estimate the related costs, shared-risk amounts receivable from the HMOs are only recorded when such amounts are known. Risk pools for the prior contract years are generally final settled in the third or fourth quarter of the following fiscal year. In addition to risk-sharing revenues, the Company also receives incentives under “pay-for-performance” programs for quality medical care, based on various criteria. These incentives, which are included in other revenues, are generally recorded in the third and fourth quarters of the fiscal year and are recorded when such amounts are known. Under full risk capitation contracts, an affiliated hospital entered into agreements with several HMOs, pursuant to which, the affiliated hospital will provide hospital, medical, and other healthcare services to enrollees under a fixed capitation arrangement ("Capitation Arrangement"). Under the risk pool sharing agreement, the affiliated hospital and medical group agreed to establish a Hospital Control Program to serve the enrollees, pursuant to which, the medical group is allocated a 90% residual interest in the profit or loss, after deductions for costs to affiliated hospitals. The Company participates in the full risk programs under the terms of the PSA, whereby the Company is wholly liable for the deficits allocated to the medical group under the arrangement. The related liability is included in medical liabilities in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets at June 30 and March 31, 2014 (see "Medical Liabilities" in this Note 2, below.). Medicare Shared Savings Program revenue The Company through its subsidiary, ApolloMed ACO, participates in the MSSP sponsored by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”). The MSSP allows ACO participants to share in cost savings it generates in connection with rendering medical services to Medicare patients. Payments to ACO participants, if any, will be calculated by CMS on cost savings generated by the ACO participant based on a trailing 24 month medical service history. The MSSP is a newly formed program with no history of payments to ACO participants. The Company considers revenue, if any, under the MSSP, as contingent upon the realization of program savings as determined by CMS, and are not considered earned and therefore are not recognized as revenue until cash payments from CMS are received. For the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company recorded no revenue related to the MSSP. Concentrations The Company had three major payors during the three months ended June 30, 2014 which contributed 19.6%, 15.8% and 15.3% of net revenues, respectively, and had two major payors during the three months ended June 30, 2013 which contributed 15.8% and 15.7% of net revenues, respectively. The Company had two major payors that accounted for 21.4%, and 9.5 % of accounts receivable, respectively, as of June 30, 2014, and two major payors that accounted for 21.7% and 9.6% of accounts receivable, respectively, as of March 31, 2014. Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities Our cash equivalents consist of bank demand deposits and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the original purchase date. Our marketable securities consist of our holdings in equity securities and mutual funds. These are classified as available-for-sale, which are measured each reporting period at fair value, with any unrealized change in value and realized gains or losses reflected in other comprehensive income in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Other than temporary impairments are evaluated for securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position longer than one year. The following is a summary of cash equivalents and marketable securities:
As of June 30, 2014 |  |  |  |  | Gross |  | Gross |  | Estimated |  | Cash and |  | Marketable |
|  |  |  |  | Unrealized |  | Unrealized |  | Fair |  | Cash |  | Securities |
|  | Cost |  | Gain |  | Loss |  | Value |  | Equivalents |  | (all current) |
Bank demand deposits |  | $ | 5,665,999 |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 5,665,999 |  | $ | 5,665,999 |  | $ | - |
Money market funds |  |  | 96,424 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 96,424 |  |  | 96,424 |  |  | - |
Mutual funds |  |  | 148,028 |  |  | 2,290 |  |  | - |  |  | 150,318 |  |  | - |  |  | 150,318 |
Equity securities |  |  | 241,065 |  |  | 16,299 |  |  | - |  |  | 257,364 |  |  | - |  |  | 257,364 |
|  | $ | 6,151,516 |  | $ | 18,589 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 6,170,105 |  | $ | 5,762,423 |  | $ | 407,682 |
As of March 31, 2014 |  |  |  |  | Gross |  | Gross |  | Estimated |  | Cash and |
|  |  |  |  | Unrealized |  | Unrealized |  | Fair |  | Cash |
|  | Cost |  | Gain |  | Loss |  | Value |  | Equivalents |
Bank demand deposits |  | $ | 6,831,478 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,831,478 |  | $ | 6,831,478 |
|  | $ | 6,831,478 |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 6,831,478 |  | $ | 6,831,478 |
Medical Liabilities The Company is responsible for integrated care that the associated physicians and contracted hospitals provide to its enrollees. The Company provides integrated care to health plan enrollees through a network of contracted providers under sub-capitation and direct patient service arrangements, company-operated clinics and staff physicians. Medical costs for professional and institutional services rendered by contracted providers are recorded as cost of services in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Costs for operating medical clinics, including the salaries of medical and non-medical personnel and support costs, are also recorded in cost of services. An estimate of amounts due to contracted physicians, hospitals, and other professional providers is included in medical liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Medical liabilities include claims reported as of the balance sheet date and estimates of incurred but not reported claims (“IBNR”). Such estimates are developed using actuarial methods and are based on many variables, including the utilization of health care services, historical payment patterns, cost trends, product mix, seasonality, changes in membership, and other factors. The estimation methods and the resulting reserves are continually reviewed and updated. Many of the medical contracts are complex in nature and may be subject to differing interpretations regarding amounts due for the provision of various services. Such differing interpretations may not come to light until a substantial period of time has passed following the contract implementation. The Company has a $20,000 per member professional stop-loss, none on institutional risk pools. Any adjustments to reserves are reflected in current operations.
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 552,561 |
Incurred health care costs: |  |  |  |
Current year |  |  | 377,708 |
Prior years |  |  | - |
Total incurred health care costs |  |  | 377,708 |
Assumed medical liabilities (see Note 3 ) |  |  | 421,157 |
Claims paid: |  |  |  |
Current year |  |  | (199,809) |
Prior years |  |  | - |
Total claims paid |  |  | (199,809) |
Accrual for net deficit from full risk capitation contracts |  |  | (14,222) |
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 1,137,395 |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company’s accounting for Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. This topic also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires classification based on observable and unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The fair value hierarchy distinguishes between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and an entity’s own assumptions (unobservable inputs). The hierarchy consists of three levels: Level one — Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level two — Inputs other than level one inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level three — Unobservable inputs developed using estimates and assumptions, which are developed by the reporting entity and reflect those assumptions that a market participant would use. Determining which category an asset or liability falls within the hierarchy requires significant judgment. The Company evaluates its hierarchy disclosures each quarter. The fair values of the Company’s financial instruments are measured on a recurring basis. The carrying amount reported in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of those instruments. The carrying amount for borrowings under the Term Loan and the Convertible Notes approximates fair value which is determined by using interest rates that are available for similar debt obligations with similar terms at the balance sheet date. The fair value of the warrant liability issued in connection with 2014 NNA Financing at June 30, 2014 was estimated using the Monte Carlo valuation model which used the following inputs: term of 6.7 years, risk free rate of 2.1%, no dividends, volatility of 72.2%, share price of $0.51 per share based on the trading price of the Company’s common stock adjusted for a marketability discount, and a 50% probability of down-round financing. The fair value of the warrant liability at March 31, 2014 was estimated using the Monte Carlo valuation model which used the following inputs: term of 7 years, risk free rate of 2.31%, no dividends, volatility of 71.4%, share price of $0.45 per share based on the trading price of the Company’s common stock adjusted for a marketability discount, and a 50% probability of down-round financing. Holdback liability (see Note 3) fair value was determined based on the probability adjusted cash consideration, discounted at the Company's cost of debt. The carrying amounts and fair values of the Company's financial instruments are presented below as of :
|  | June 30, 2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Fair Value Measurements |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market currency funds |  | $ | - |  | $ | 96,424 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 96,424 |
Mutual funds |  |  | - |  |  | 150,318 |  |  | - |  |  | 150,318 |
Equity securities |  |  | 257,364 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 257,364 |
|  | $ | 257,364 |  | $ | 246,742 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 504,106 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Warranty liability |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 2,384,629 |  | $ | 2,384,629 |
Holdback liability |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 136,822 |  |  | 136,822 |
|  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 2,521,451 |  | $ | 2,521,451 |
|  | March 31, 2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Fair Value Measurements |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Warrant liability |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 2,354,624 |  | $ | 2,354,624 |
|  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 2,354,624 |  | $ | 2,354,624 |
The following summarizes the activity of Level 3 inputs measured on a recurring basis for the three months ended June 30, 2014:
|  | Fair Value |
|  | Measurements of |
|  | Unobservable |
|  | Inputs (Level 3) |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 2,354,624 |
Transfers in (out) of Level 3 |  |  | - |
Change in fair value of warrant liability |  |  | 30,005 |
Holdback liability (see Note 3) |  |  | 136,822 |
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 2,521,451 |
The unrealized gain on change in fair value of warrant liability is included in the accompanying condensed and consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Non-controlling Interest The non-controlling interest recorded in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements represents the pre-acquisition equity of those PPC’s in which the Company has determined that it has a controlling financial interest and for which consolidation is required as a result of management contracts entered into with these entities. The nature of these contracts provide the Company with a monthly management fee to provide the services described above, and as such, the adjustments to non-controlling interests in any period subsequent to initial consolidation would relate to either capital contributions or distributions by the non-controlling parties as well as income or losses attributable to certain non-controlling interests. Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share Basic net loss per share is calculated using the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock issued and outstanding during a certain period, and is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock issued and outstanding during such period. Diluted net loss per share is calculated using the weighted average number of common and potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period, using the as-if converted method for secured convertible notes, and the treasury stock method for options and warrants. The following table sets forth the number of shares excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share, as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive:
|  | Three months ended June 30, |
|  | 2014 |  | 2013 |
Incremental shares assumed issued on exercise of in the money options |  |  | 4,090,915 |  |  | 4,849,986 |
Incremental shares assumed issued on exercise of in the money warrants |  |  | 1,451,073 |  |  | 1,717,089 |
|  |  | 5,541,988 |  |  | 6,567,075 |
New Accounting Standards In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. The new standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2017. Early application is not permitted. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2014-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The Company has not yet selected a transition method nor has it determined the effect of the standard on its ongoing financial reporting. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may materially differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Reclassifications Certain reclassifications have been made to the accompanying March 31, 2014 condensed consolidated financial statements to conform them to the June 30, 2014 presentation.

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