Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company’s consolidated assets and liabilities measured at fair value are summarized according to the hierarchy previously described as follows:



	June 30, 2015								September 30, 2014
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair Value
Assets
Contingent purchase price reduction receivable	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	41.5	$	41.5
Derivatives:
Interest rate contracts	—		—		—		—		—		0.6		—		0.6
Commodity contracts	—		10.3		—		10.3		—		3.2		—		3.2
Foreign exchange contracts	—		6.2		—		6.2		—		12.8		—		12.8
Call options and futures contracts	—		220.4		—		220.4		—		296.3		—		296.3
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale:
Asset-backed securities	—		1,854.4		33.1		1,887.5		—		1,755.9		37.0		1,792.9
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		681.5		140.1		821.6		—		553.8		83.1		636.9
Corporates	—		8,634.2		916.9		9,551.1		—		8,945.8		850.0		9,795.8
Hybrids	—		1,241.1		—		1,241.1		—		1,316.1		—		1,316.1
Municipals	—		1,413.1		37.5		1,450.6		—		1,222.6		37.2		1,259.8
Residential mortgage-backed securities	—		2,175.4		—		2,175.4		—		2,114.0		—		2,114.0
U.S. Government	413.4		182.9		—		596.3		115.6		180.4		—		296.0
Equity securities:
Available-for-sale	26.7		546.9		6.0		579.6		59.2		598.4		6.0		663.6
Trading	41.9		—		—		41.9		104.5		—		—		104.5
Other invested assets	—		—		14.5		14.5		—		2.1		11.2		13.3
Funds withheld receivable (a)	45.8		595.9		—		641.7		—		154.4		—		154.4
Total financial assets	$	527.8	$	17,562.3	$	1,148.1	$	19,238.2	$	279.3	$	17,156.4	$	1,066.0	$	18,501.7
Liabilities
Derivatives:
FIA embedded derivatives, included in contractholder funds	$	—	$	—	$	2,173.7	$	2,173.7	$	—	$	—	$	1,908.1	$	1,908.1
Front Street future policyholder benefit liability	—		—		594.6		594.6		—		—		151.3		151.3
Foreign exchange contracts	—		1.0		—		1.0		—		0.1		—		0.1
Futures contracts	—		—		—		—		—		0.5		—		0.5
Commodity contracts	—		1.6		—		1.6		—		0.4		—		0.4
Interest rate contracts	—		2.2		—		2.2		—		1.8		—		1.8
Total financial liabilities	$	—	$	4.8	$	2,768.3	$	2,773.1	$	—	$	2.8	$	2,059.4	$	2,062.2

(a) included in other assets in the accompanying unaudited condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Valuation Methodologies

Fixed Maturity Securities, Equity Securities and Other Invested Assets

The Company measures the fair value of its securities based on assumptions used by market participants in pricing the security. The appropriate valuation methodology is selected based on the specific characteristics of the fixed maturity or equity security, and the Company will then consistently apply the valuation methodology to measure the security’s fair value. The Company’s fair value measurement is based on a market approach, which utilizes prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable securities. Sources of inputs to the market approach include a third-party pricing service, independent broker quotations or pricing matrices. The Company uses observable and unobservable inputs in its valuation methodologies. Observable inputs include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker-dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data. In addition, market indicators and industry and economic events are monitored and further market data will be acquired when certain thresholds are met. For certain security types, additional inputs may be used, or some of the inputs described above may not be applicable. The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of equity securities available-for-sale for which the market-approach valuation technique is employed, is yields for comparable securities. Increase (decrease) in such yields, respectively, would result in lower or higher fair value measurements. For broker-quoted only securities, quotes from market makers or broker-dealers are obtained from sources recognized to be market participants. Management believes the broker quotes are prices at which trades could be executed based on historical trades executed at broker-quoted or slightly higher prices. The Company did not adjust prices received from third parties as of June 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014. However, the Company does analyze the third-party valuation methodologies and its related inputs to perform assessments to determine the appropriate level within the fair value hierarchy.

Fair value of FGL's available-for-sale embedded derivative, included in "Other invested assets", is based on an unobservable input, the net asset value of the AnchorPath Fund at the balance sheet date. The available-for-sale embedded derivative is similar to a call option on the net asset value of the AnchorPath Fund with a strike price of zero since FGL will not be required to make any additional payments at maturity of the fund-linked note in order to receive the net asset value of the AnchorPath Fund on the maturity date. Therefore, the Black Scholes model returns the net asset value of the AnchorPath Fund as the fair value of the call option regardless of the values used for the other inputs to the option pricing model. The net asset value of the AnchorPath Fund is provided by the fund manager at the end of each calendar month and represents the value an investor would receive if it withdrew its investment on the balance sheet date. Therefore, the key unobservable input used in the Black Scholes model is the value of the AnchorPath Fund. As the value of the AnchorPath Fund increases or decreases, the fair value of the embedded derivative will increase or decrease.

Funds Withheld Receivables and Future Policy Holder Benefits Reserve

Front Street elected to apply the Fair Value Option to account for its Funds Withheld Receivables, non-Funds Withheld assets and Future Policy Holder Benefits Reserve related to its assumed reinsurance. Front Street measures fair value of the Funds Withheld Receivables based on the fair values of the securities in the underlying funds withheld portfolio held by the cedant. The non-Funds Withheld assets held by Front Street, backing the Future Policy Holder Benefits Reserve, are measured at fair value per the accounting methodology for given asset class. Front Street uses a discounted cash flows approach to measure the fair value of the Future Policy Holder Benefits Reserve. The cash flows associated with future policy premiums and benefits are generated using best estimate assumptions (plus a risk margin, where applicable) and are consistent with market prices, where available. Risk margins are typically applied to non-observable, non-hedgeable market inputs such as long term volatility, mortality, morbidity, lapse, etc.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The fair value of derivative assets and liabilities is based upon valuation pricing models, which represents what FGL would expect to receive or pay at the balance sheet date if it canceled the options, entered into offsetting positions, or exercised the options. Fair values for these instruments are determined externally by using market-observable inputs, including interest rates, yield curve volatilities, and other factors. The fair value of the embedded derivatives in FGL’s FIA products are derived using market indices, pricing assumptions and historical data. The fair value of futures contracts represents the cumulative unsettled variation margin (open trade equity, net of cash settlements).

Compass evaluates derivative assets and liabilities in accordance with master netting agreements with the derivative counterparties, and reports them on a gross or net basis on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as determined by the nature of the trade with the counterparty. Net derivative asset values are determined primarily by quoted futures prices and utilization of risk-free rate curves and net derivative liabilities are determined by utilization of risk-free rate curve. The risk-free rates of Compass’ counterparties are based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) curve as of the end of the reporting period. Compass’ risk-free rate is based on the LIBOR curve as of the end of the reporting period. Compass’ oil derivatives are swap contracts for notional Bbls of oil at fixed NYMEX West Texas Intermediate (“WTI”) oil prices. The asset and liability values attributable to oil derivatives as of the end of the reporting period are based on (i) the contracted notional volumes, (ii) independent active NYMEX futures price quotes for WTI oil, and (iii) the applicable risk-free rate curve, as described above. Compass’ natural gas derivatives are swap and three-way collar contracts for notional Mmbtus of natural gas at posted price indexes, including NYMEX HH swap contracts. The asset and liability values attributable to natural gas derivatives as of the end of the reporting period are based on (i) the contracted notional volumes, (ii) independent active NYMEX futures price quotes for HH for natural gas swaps, (iii) the applicable risk-free rate curve, as described above, and (iv) the implied rate of volatility inherent in the option contracts.

Spectrum Brands' derivative financial instruments are generally based on quoted or observed market prices and classified as Level 2.

Quantitative information regarding significant unobservable inputs used for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements of financial instruments carried at fair value as of June 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014 were as follows:



	Fair Value at						Range (Weighted average)
Assets	June 30, 2015		September 30, 2014		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input(s)	June 30, 2015	September 30, 2014
Contingent purchase price reduction receivable	$	—	$	41.5	Discounted cash flow	Probability of collection	—	88% - 96% (92%)
						Expected term	—	4.5 months
						Discount rate	—	1%
						Credit insurance risk premium	—	12%
Asset-backed securities	33.1		37.0		Broker-quoted	Offered quotes	100% - 107% (101%)	100% - 109% (101%)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	140.1		83.1		Broker-quoted	Offered quotes	100% - 122% (113%)	105% - 121% (118%)
Corporates	883.8		848.0		Broker-quoted	Offered quotes	60% - 120% (102%)	62% - 120% (100%)
Corporates	33.1		2.0		Matrix Pricing	Quoted prices	104% - 144% (105%)	142%
Municipal	37.5		37.2		Broker-quoted	Offered quotes	108%	107%
Equity	6.0		6.0		Broker-quoted	Quoted prices	100%	100%
Other invested assets	11.7		11.2		Black Scholes model	Market value of AnchorPath Fund	100%	100%
Other invested assets	2.8		—		Discounted cash flow	Probability of collection	50%	—
						Discount rate	10%	—
Total	$	1,148.1	$	1,066.0
Liabilities
FIA embedded derivatives, included in contractholder funds	$	2,173.7	$	1,908.1	Discounted cash flow	Market value of option	0% - 41% (2%)	0% - 50% (3%)
						SWAP rates	2%	2% - 3% (2%)
						Mortality multiplier	80%	80%
						Surrender rates	0.50% - 75% (7%)	0.50% - 75% (7%)
						Non-performance risk spread	0.25%	0.25%
Front Street future policyholder benefit liability	594.6		151.3		Discounted cash flow	Non-performance risk spread	0.50% - 1.50%	0.50% - 1.50%
						Risk margin to reflect uncertainty	1%	0.50%
Total	$	2,768.3	$	2,059.4

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the equity investment are revenue multiple and probability of the transaction closing. Significant increases (decreases) in the revenue multiple and the probability of the transaction closing would result in a higher (lower) fair value measurement. Generally, a change in any one unobservable input would not result in a change in any other unobservable input.

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of FIA embedded derivatives included in contractholder funds are market value of option, interest swap rates, mortality multiplier, surrender rates, and non-performance spread. The mortality multiplier at June 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014, was based on the 2000 and 1983 annuity tables, respectively, and assumes the contractholder population is 50% female and 50% male. Significant increases (decreases) in the market value of option in isolation would result in a higher (lower) fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in interest swap rates, mortality multiplier, surrender rates, or non-performance spread in isolation would result in a lower (higher) fair value measurement. Generally, a change in any one unobservable input would not result in a change in any other unobservable input.

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Front Street future policyholder benefit liability are non-performance risk spread and risk spread to reflect uncertainty. Significant increases (decreases) in non-performance risk spread and risk margin to reflect uncertainty would result in a lower (higher) fair value measurement.

The following tables summarize changes to the Company’s financial instruments carried at fair value and classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014. This summary excludes any impact of amortization of value of business acquired ("VOBA") and deferred acquisition costs ("DAC"). The gains and losses below may include changes in fair value due in part to observable inputs that are a component of the valuation methodology.



	Three months ended June 30, 2015
	Balance at Beginning of Period		Total Gains (Losses)														Net transfer In (Out) of Level 3 (a)			Balance at End of Period
	Balance at Beginning of Period		Included in Earnings			Included in AOCI			Purchases		Sales			Settlements			Net transfer In (Out) of Level 3 (a)			Balance at End of Period
Assets
Contingent purchase price reduction receivable	$	47.0	$	3.0		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	(50.0	)	$	—		$	—
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Asset-backed securities	34.3		—			(0.1		)	—		—			(0.1		)	(1.0		)	33.1
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	142.5		—			(1.9		)	—		—			(0.5		)	—			140.1
Corporates	941.1		—			(20.0		)	—		(1.6		)	(2.6		)	—			916.9
Municipals	39.8		—			(2.1		)	—		—			(0.2		)	—			37.5
Equity securities - available-for-sale	6.0		—			—			—		—			—			—			6.0
Other invested assets	12.2		(16.8		)	—			—		—			—			19.1			14.5
Total assets at fair value	$	1,222.9	$	(13.8	)	$	(24.1	)	$	—	$	(1.6	)	$	(53.4	)	$	18.1		$	1,148.1

	Balance at Beginning of Period		Total (Gains) Losses														Net transfer In (Out) of Level 3 (a)			Balance at End of Period
	Balance at Beginning of Period		Included in Earnings			Included in AOCI			Purchases		Sales			Settlements			Net transfer In (Out) of Level 3 (a)			Balance at End of Period
Liabilities
FIA embedded derivatives, included in contractholder funds	$	2,217.4	$	(43.7	)	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	2,173.7
Front Street future policyholder benefit liability	584.5		(31.7		)	—			77.6		—			(35.8		)	—			594.6
Total liabilities at fair value	$	2,801.9	$	(75.4	)	$	—		$	77.6	$	—		$	(35.8	)	$	—		$	2,768.3

(a) During the three months ended June 30, 2015, the net transfers out of Level 3 were exclusively to Level 2 and the net transfer to Level 3 was related to a loan receivable previously eliminated upon consolidation.



	Nine months ended June 30, 2015
	Balance at Beginning of Period		Total Gains (Losses)														Net transfer In (Out) of Level 3 (a)			Balance at End of Period
	Balance at Beginning of Period		Included in Earnings			Included in AOCI			Purchases		Sales			Settlements			Net transfer In (Out) of Level 3 (a)			Balance at End of Period
Assets
Contingent purchase price reduction receivable	$	41.5	$	8.5		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	(50.0	)	$	—		$	—
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Asset-backed securities	37.0		0.1			(0.1		)	6.7		—			(0.2		)	(10.4		)	33.1
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	83.1		—			0.4			57.7		—			(1.1		)	—			140.1
Corporates	850.0		2.3			3.3			122.4		(1.6		)	(35.4		)	(24.1		)	916.9
Municipals	37.2		—			0.7			—		—			(0.4		)	—			37.5
Equity securities - available-for-sale	6.0		—			—			—		—			—			—			6.0
Other invested assets	11.2		(15.8		)	—			—		—			—			19.1			14.5
Total assets at fair value	$	1,066.0	$	(4.9	)	$	4.3		$	186.8	$	(1.6	)	$	(87.1	)	$	(15.4	)	$	1,148.1

	Balance at Beginning of Period		Total (Gains) Losses														Net transfer In (Out) of Level 3 (a)			Balance at End of Period
	Balance at Beginning of Period		Included in Earnings			Included in AOCI			Purchases		Sales			Settlements			Net transfer In (Out) of Level 3 (a)			Balance at End of Period
Liabilities
FIA embedded derivatives, included in contractholder funds	$	1,908.1	$	265.6		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	2,173.7
Front Street future policyholder benefit liability	151.3		(25.3		)	—			514.6		—			(46.0		)	—			594.6
Total liabilities at fair value	$	2,059.4	$	240.3		$	—		$	514.6	$	—		$	(46.0	)	$	—		$	2,768.3

(a) During the nine months ended June 30, 2015, the net transfers out of Level 3 were exclusively to Level 2 and the net transfer to Level 3 was related to a loan receivable previously eliminated upon consolidation.



	Three months ended June 30, 2014
	Balance at Beginning of Period		Total Gains (Losses)													Net transfer In (Out) of Level 3 (a)			Balance at End of Period
	Balance at Beginning of Period		Included in Earnings			Included in AOCI		Purchases		Sales			Settlements			Net transfer In (Out) of Level 3 (a)			Balance at End of Period
Assets
Contingent purchase price reduction receivable	$	41.5	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	41.5
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Asset-backed securities	10.7		—			—		—		—			—			(4.8		)	5.9
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		—			0.1		83.8		—			—			—			83.9
Corporates	657.0		—			14.4		88.9		(1.0		)	—			(14.1		)	745.2
Municipals	35.6		—			0.9		—		—			—			—			36.5
Equity securities- trading	10.8		1.2			—		1.5		—			(13.5		)	—			—
Equity securities- available for sale	—		—			0.5		5.5		—			—			—			6.0
Other invested assets	—		0.3			—		11.3		—			—			—			11.6
Total assets at fair value	$	755.6	$	1.5		$	15.9	$	191.0	$	(1.0	)	$	(13.5	)	$	(18.9	)	$	930.6

	Balance at Beginning of Period		Total (Gains) Losses													Net transfer In (Out) of Level 3 (a)			Balance at End of Period
	Balance at Beginning of Period		Included in Earnings			Included in AOCI		Purchases		Sales			Settlements			Net transfer In (Out) of Level 3 (a)			Balance at End of Period
Liabilities
FIA embedded derivatives, included in contractholder funds	$	1,718.7	$	145.8		$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	1,864.5
Front Street future policyholder benefit liability	151.0		5.1			—		—		—			(1.2		)	—			154.9
Equity conversion feature of preferred stock	364.8		(38.0		)	—		—		—			(326.8		)	—			—
Total liabilities at fair value	$	2,234.5	$	112.9		$	—	$	—	$	—		$	(328.0	)	$	—		$	2,019.4

(a) The net transfers out of Level 3 for the three months ended June 30, 2014 were exclusively to Level 2.



	Nine months ended June 30, 2014
	Balance at Beginning of Period		Total Gains (Losses)													Net transfer In (Out) of Level 3 (a)			Balance at End of Period
	Balance at Beginning of Period		Included in Earnings		Included in AOCI			Purchases		Sales			Settlements			Net transfer In (Out) of Level 3 (a)			Balance at End of Period
Assets
Contingent purchase price reduction receivable	$	41.0	$	0.5	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	41.5
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Asset-backed securities	5.0		—		(0.3		)	5.0		—			—			(3.8		)	5.9
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	5.7		—		0.4			83.8		—			—			(6.0		)	83.9
Corporates	461.1		—		18.4			283.2		(1.0		)	(2.4		)	(14.1		)	745.2
Municipals	—		—		1.5			35.0		—			—			—			36.5
Equity securities- trading	10.7		1.3		—			1.5		—			(13.5		)	—			—
Equity securities- available-for-sale	—		—		0.5			5.5		—			—			—			6.0
Other invested assets	—		0.3		—			11.3		—			—			—			11.6
Total assets at fair value	$	523.5	$	2.1	$	20.5		$	425.3	$	(1.0	)	$	(15.9	)	$	(23.9	)	$	930.6

	Balance at Beginning of Period		Total (Gains) Losses													Net transfer In (Out) of Level 3 (a)			Balance at End of Period
	Balance at Beginning of Period		Included in Earnings		Included in AOCI			Purchases		Sales			Settlements			Net transfer In (Out) of Level 3 (a)			Balance at End of Period
Liabilities
FIA embedded derivatives, included in contractholder funds	$	1,544.4	$	320.1	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	1,864.5
Front Street future policyholder benefit liability	—		8.1		—			150.6		—			(3.8		)	—			154.9
Equity conversion feature of preferred stock	330.8		12.7		—			—		—			(343.5		)	—			—
Total liabilities at fair value	$	1,875.2	$	340.9	$	—		$	150.6	$	—		$	(347.3	)	$	—		$	2,019.4

(a) The net transfers out of Level 3 for the nine months ended June 30, 2014 were exclusively to Level 2. There was a $6.0 transfer to asset-backed securities from commercial mortgage-backed securities, the remaining transfers were from Level 3 to Level 2.

The Company reviews the fair value hierarchy classifications each reporting period. Changes in the observability of the valuation attributes may result in a reclassification of certain financial assets or liabilities. Such reclassifications are reported as transfers in and out of Level 3, or between other levels, at the beginning fair value for the reporting period in which the changes occur. There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014.

Primary market issuance and secondary market activity for certain asset-backed securities during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 increased the market observable inputs used to establish fair values for similar securities. These factors, along with more consistent pricing from third-party sources, resulted in the Company's conclusion that there was sufficient trading activity in similar instruments to support classifying these securities as Level 2 as of June 30, 2015 and 2014. Accordingly, the Company’s assessment resulted in net transfers out of Level 3 of $1.0 and $34.5 related to asset-backed securities and corporate securities during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, and of $18.9 and $23.9 related to asset-backed securities, corporate securities and commercial mortgage-backed securities during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2014, respectively.

Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements

Goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets are tested annually or if an event occurs that indicates an impairment loss may have been incurred using fair value measurements with unobservable inputs (Level 3). See Note 7, Goodwill and Intangibles, including deferred acquisition costs and value of business acquired, net.

Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value

The carrying amount, estimated fair value and the level of the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instrument assets and liabilities which are not measured at fair value on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are summarized as follows:



	June 30, 2015
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair Value		Carrying Amount
Assets (a)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,293.2	$	—	$	—	$	1,293.2	$	1,293.2
Asset-based loans	—		—		490.0		490.0		490.0
Other invested assets	—		—		427.9		427.9		427.9
Total financial assets	$	1,293.2	$	—	$	917.9	$	2,211.1	$	2,211.1

Liabilities (a)
Total debt (b)	$	—	$	6,941.9	$	65.4	$	7,007.3	$	6,832.7
Investment contracts, included in contractholder funds	—		—		14,016.1		14,016.1		15,530.1
Total financial liabilities	$	—	$	6,941.9	$	14,081.5	$	21,023.4	$	22,362.8



	September 30, 2014
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair Value		Carrying Amount
Assets (a)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,319.2	$	—	$	—	$	1,319.2	$	1,319.2
Asset-based loans	—		—		811.6		811.6		811.6
Other invested assets	—		—		151.7		151.7		151.7
Total financial assets	$	1,319.2	$	—	$	963.3	$	2,282.5	$	2,282.5

Liabilities (a)
Total debt (b)	$	—	$	5,308.5	$	—	$	5,308.5	$	5,157.8
Investment contracts, included in contractholder funds	—		—		13,108.8		13,108.8		14,555.4
Total financial liabilities	$	—	$	5,308.5	$	13,108.8	$	18,417.3	$	19,713.2


(a)	The carrying amounts of trade receivables, accounts payable, accrued investment income and portions of other insurance liabilities approximate fair value due to their short duration and, accordingly, they are not presented in the tables above.


(b)	The fair values of debt set forth above are generally based on quoted or observed market prices.

Valuation Methodology

Asset-based loans

The fair value of the asset-based loans originated by Salus approximate their carrying value. Such loans carry a variable rate that are typically revolving in nature and can be settled at the demand of either party. Nonaccrual loans are considered impaired for reporting purposes and are measured and recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis. As the loans are collateral dependent, Salus measures such impairment based on the estimated fair value of eligible proceeds. This is generally based on estimated market prices from an independently prepared appraisal. The impaired loan balance represents those nonaccrual loans for which impairment was recognized during the quarter.

Other Invested Assets - Commercial Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

The fair value of CMLs is established using a discounted cash flow method based on credit rating, maturity and future income. The ratings for CMLs in good standing are based on property type, location, market conditions, occupancy, debt-service coverage, loan-to-value, quality of tenancy, borrower and payment record. The carrying value for impaired CMLs is based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. The inputs used to measure the fair value of the CMLs are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

Other Invested Assets - Policy Loans

Also included in other invested assets are policy loans. Fair values for policy loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar credit risk. Loans with similar characteristics are aggregated for purposes of the calculations.

Investment Contracts Included in Contractholder Funds

Investment contracts include deferred annuities, FIAs, indexed universal life ("IUL") and immediate annuities. The fair values of deferred annuity, FIAs, and IUL contracts are based on their cash surrender value (i.e. the cost FGL would incur to extinguish the liability) as these contracts are generally issued without an annuitization date. The fair value of immediate annuities contracts is derived by calculating a new fair value interest rate using the updated yield curve and treasury spreads as of the respective reporting date. At June 30, 2015, this resulted in higher fair value reserves relative to the carrying value, and at September 30, 2014, this resulted in lower fair value reserves relative to the carrying value. The Company is not required to and has not estimated the fair value of the liabilities under contracts that involve significant mortality or morbidity risks, as these liabilities fall within the definition of insurance contracts that are exceptions from financial instruments that require disclosure of fair value.