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Revenue
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue from customers consists mainly of customized design services arrangements and sale of battery products. Revenue from customized design services arrangements, which may include a requirement to achieve certain agreed upon milestones, is recognized when the battery design is completed and the final prototype batteries are delivered. Revenue from sale of battery products is recognized upon shipment. We disaggregate our revenue from customers by the type of arrangement, either as customization design services or as sale of battery products, as this depicts how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The table below shows the composition of revenue from customers, as disaggregated by type of arrangement in accordance with Topic 606, and other revenue from a government grant accounted for using the analogy from IAS 20 (in thousands).
Three months ended March 31,
20232022
Revenue from customers:
Sale of battery products$470 $605 
Customized design services— 1,505 
Total revenue from customers4702,110 
Other revenue – government grant209— 
Total revenue$679 $2,110 
Revenue from sale of batteries includes bill-and-hold arrangements, of which there was none during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and $67 thousand during the three months ended March 31, 2022.
Contract Balances
The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections can result in accounts receivable, contract assets recorded as unbilled receivables, and contract liabilities recorded as deferred revenue.
Accounts receivable represents our right to consideration that is unconditional. A right to consideration is unconditional if only the passage of time is required before payment of that consideration is due. Accounts receivable was $0.6 million, $0.7 million and $0.3 million as of March 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and January 1, 2022, respectively.
Contract assets primarily relate to the rights to consideration for progress on contractual requirements performed but not billed at the reporting date. The contract assets are transferred to accounts receivable when the rights become unconditional. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had no contract assets.
Contract liabilities consist primarily of deferred revenue, which is the amount of progress payments received or billed in advance of revenue recognition. Deferred revenue is subsequently recognized as revenue when the performance obligation is satisfied. Deferred revenue was $4.0 million, $3.4 million and $2.9 million as of March 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and January 1, 2022, respectively. Deferred revenue as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 increased compared to the deferred revenue as of December 31, 2022 and January 1, 2022, respectively, primarily due to progress payments for certain customer contracts that have not been recognized as revenue as of the end of those periods. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, revenue recognized from the prior year deferred revenue balance was $120 thousand and $1.4 million, respectively.
Remaining Performance Obligations
We have performance obligations associated with commitments in customer contracts for future services that have not yet been recognized as revenue. As of March 31, 2023, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations related to customer contracts that were unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied, including deferred revenue, was approximately $11.0 million. Given the applicable contract terms, approximately $7.1 million is expected to be recognized as revenue within one year and approximately $3.9 million is expected to be recognized between two to five years. This amount does not include contracts to which the customer is not committed. The estimated timing of the recognition of remaining unsatisfied performance obligations is subject to change and is affected by changes to scope, changes in timing of delivery of products and services, or contract modifications.