10-Q 1 bdge-20190930x10q.htm 10-Q

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019

Commission file number 001‑34096

BRIDGE BANCORP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

NEW YORK | 11-2934195
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (IRS Employer Identification Number)
2200 MONTAUK HIGHWAY, BRIDGEHAMPTON, NEW YORK | 11932
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (631) 537‑1000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock | BDGE | NASDAQ STOCK MARKET, LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes [X] No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes [X] No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer [ ] | Accelerated filer [X]
Non-accelerated filer [ ] | Smaller reporting company [ ]
| Emerging growth company [ ]

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [ ] No [X]

There were 19,835,373 shares of common stock outstanding as of October 31, 2019.

Table of Contents

BRIDGE BANCORP, INC.

PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements (unaudited) | 3
| Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 | 6
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 | 7
| Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 36
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 52
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 54
PART II | OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 55
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 55
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 55
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 55
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 55
Item 5. | Other Information | 55
Item 6. | Exhibits | 56
Signatures |  | 56

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Item 1. Financial Statements

BRIDGE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

|  | September 30, |  | December 31,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 87,004 |  | $ | 142,145
Interest-bearing deposits with banks |  |  | 44,214 |  |  | 153,223
Total cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 131,218 |  |  | 295,368
Securities available for sale, at fair value |  |  | 610,706 |  |  | 680,886
Securities held to maturity (fair value of $141,503 and $156,792, respectively) |  |  | 139,729 |  |  | 160,163
Total securities |  |  | 750,435 |  |  | 841,049
Securities, restricted |  |  | 28,469 |  |  | 24,028
Loans held for sale |  |  | 12,643 |  |  | —
Loans held for investment |  |  | 3,508,332 |  |  | 3,275,811
Allowance for loan losses |  |  | (32,173) |  |  | (31,418)
Loans, net |  |  | 3,476,159 |  |  | 3,244,393
Premises and equipment, net |  |  | 33,544 |  |  | 35,008
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 36,356 |  |  | —
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 11,697 |  |  | 11,236
Goodwill |  |  | 105,950 |  |  | 105,950
Other intangible assets |  |  | 3,890 |  |  | 4,374
Prepaid pension |  |  | 10,593 |  |  | 10,263
Bank owned life insurance |  |  | 91,382 |  |  | 89,712
Other real estate owned |  |  | — |  |  | 175
Other assets |  |  | 43,685 |  |  | 39,188
Total assets |  | $ | 4,736,021 |  | $ | 4,700,744
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Demand deposits |  | $ | 1,424,839 |  | $ | 1,448,605
Savings, NOW and money market deposits |  |  | 2,048,667 |  |  | 2,108,297
Certificates of deposit of $100,000 or more |  |  | 209,497 |  |  | 207,087
Other time deposits |  |  | 60,280 |  |  | 122,404
Total deposits |  |  | 3,743,283 |  |  | 3,886,393
Repurchase agreements |  |  | 956 |  |  | 539
Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") advances |  |  | 337,000 |  |  | 240,433
Subordinated debentures, net |  |  | 78,885 |  |  | 78,781
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 39,064 |  |  | —
Other liabilities and accrued expenses |  |  | 50,430 |  |  | 40,768
Total liabilities |  |  | 4,249,618 |  |  | 4,246,914
Commitments and contingencies |  |  | — |  |  | —
Stockholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share (2,000,000 shares authorized; none issued) |  |  | — |  |  | —
Common stock, par value $.01 per share (40,000,000 shares authorized; 19,888,307 and 19,815,680 shares issued, respectively; and 19,829,830 and 19,790,884 shares outstanding, respectively) |  |  | 199 |  |  | 198
Surplus |  |  | 355,086 |  |  | 352,093
Retained earnings |  |  | 141,103 |  |  | 117,432
Treasury stock at cost, 58,477 and 24,796 shares, respectively |  |  | (1,757) |  |  | (781)
|  |  | 494,631 |  |  | 468,942
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes |  |  | (8,228) |  |  | (15,112)
Total stockholders’ equity |  |  | 486,403 |  |  | 453,830
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 4,736,021 |  | $ | 4,700,744

See accompanying condensed notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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BRIDGE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30, |  | September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans (including fee income) |  | $ | 41,005 |  | $ | 36,197 |  | $ | 118,495 |  | $ | 107,580
Mortgage-backed securities, CMOs and other asset-backed securities |  |  | 3,775 |  |  | 4,370 |  |  | 13,007 |  |  | 11,919
U.S. GSE securities |  |  | 56 |  |  | 158 |  |  | 414 |  |  | 680
State and municipal obligations |  |  | 507 |  |  | 614 |  |  | 1,711 |  |  | 2,173
Corporate bonds |  |  | 296 |  |  | 356 |  |  | 951 |  |  | 1,069
Deposits with banks |  |  | 342 |  |  | 437 |  |  | 1,485 |  |  | 633
Other interest and dividend income |  |  | 373 |  |  | 457 |  |  | 1,158 |  |  | 1,450
Total interest income |  |  | 46,354 |  |  | 42,589 |  |  | 137,221 |  |  | 125,504
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings, NOW and money market deposits |  |  | 5,816 |  |  | 4,584 |  |  | 19,182 |  |  | 10,536
Certificates of deposit of $100,000 or more |  |  | 1,139 |  |  | 927 |  |  | 3,201 |  |  | 2,026
Other time deposits |  |  | 300 |  |  | 536 |  |  | 1,150 |  |  | 1,224
Federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements |  |  | 70 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 273 |  |  | 1,185
FHLB advances |  |  | 1,179 |  |  | 1,181 |  |  | 3,455 |  |  | 4,447
Subordinated debentures |  |  | 1,135 |  |  | 1,134 |  |  | 3,405 |  |  | 3,404
Total interest expense |  |  | 9,639 |  |  | 8,375 |  |  | 30,666 |  |  | 22,822
Net interest income |  |  | 36,715 |  |  | 34,214 |  |  | 106,555 |  |  | 102,682
Provision for loan losses |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 5,100 |  |  | 1,400
Net interest income after provision for loan losses |  |  | 35,715 |  |  | 34,014 |  |  | 101,455 |  |  | 101,282
Non-interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service charges and other fees |  |  | 2,588 |  |  | 2,549 |  |  | 7,572 |  |  | 7,274
Net securities gains (losses) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 201 |  |  | (7,921)
Title fees |  |  | 508 |  |  | 384 |  |  | 1,149 |  |  | 1,339
Gain on sale of Small Business Administration ("SBA") loans |  |  | 601 |  |  | 524 |  |  | 1,662 |  |  | 1,586
Bank owned life insurance |  |  | 561 |  |  | 557 |  |  | 1,670 |  |  | 1,658
Loan swap fees |  |  | 1,557 |  |  | 404 |  |  | 3,200 |  |  | 713
Other |  |  | 429 |  |  | 500 |  |  | 1,507 |  |  | 1,804
Total non-interest income |  |  | 6,244 |  |  | 4,918 |  |  | 16,961 |  |  | 6,453
Non-interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits |  |  | 14,294 |  |  | 12,134 |  |  | 41,233 |  |  | 38,001
Occupancy and equipment |  |  | 3,490 |  |  | 3,325 |  |  | 10,581 |  |  | 9,773
Technology and communications |  |  | 2,129 |  |  | 1,596 |  |  | 5,787 |  |  | 4,807
Marketing and advertising |  |  | 1,282 |  |  | 1,274 |  |  | 3,729 |  |  | 3,476
Professional services |  |  | 1,055 |  |  | 1,023 |  |  | 2,615 |  |  | 3,116
FDIC assessments |  |  | 18 |  |  | 386 |  |  | 652 |  |  | 1,286
Net fraud loss |  |  | — |  |  | 9,500 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,500
Amortization of other intangible assets |  |  | 182 |  |  | 215 |  |  | 605 |  |  | 703
Other |  |  | 1,754 |  |  | 1,551 |  |  | 5,605 |  |  | 5,447
Total non-interest expense |  |  | 24,204 |  |  | 31,004 |  |  | 70,807 |  |  | 76,109
Income before income taxes |  |  | 17,755 |  |  | 7,928 |  |  | 47,609 |  |  | 31,626
Income tax expense |  |  | 3,852 |  |  | 1,381 |  |  | 10,126 |  |  | 6,263
Net income |  | $ | 13,903 |  | $ | 6,547 |  | $ | 37,483 |  | $ | 25,363
Basic earnings per share |  | $ | 0.70 |  | $ | 0.33 |  | $ | 1.88 |  | $ | 1.28
Diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 0.70 |  | $ | 0.33 |  | $ | 1.88 |  | $ | 1.28

S ee accompanying condensed notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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BRIDGE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited)

(In thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30, |  | September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net income |  | $ | 13,903 |  | $ | 6,547 |  | $ | 37,483 |  | $ | 25,363
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in unrealized net gains (losses) on securities available for sale, net of reclassifications and deferred income taxes |  |  | 1,578 |  |  | (3,063) |  |  | 11,367 |  |  | (6,535)
Adjustment to pension liability, net of reclassifications and deferred income taxes |  |  | 91 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 202
Unrealized (losses) gains on cash flow hedges, net of reclassifications and deferred income taxes |  |  | (700) |  |  | 149 |  |  | (4,755) |  |  | 2,679
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 969 |  |  | (2,847) |  |  | 6,884 |  |  | (3,654)
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 14,872 |  | $ | 3,700 |  | $ | 44,367 |  | $ | 21,709

See accompanying condensed notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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BRIDGE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |
|  | Common |  |  |  |  | Retained |  | Treasury |  | Comprehensive |  |  |
|  | Stock |  | Surplus |  | Earnings |  | Stock |  | Loss |  | Total
Balance at June 30, 2019 |  | $ | 199 |  | $ | 353,729 |  | $ | 131,811 |  | $ | (1,337) |  | $ | (9,197) |  | $ | 475,205
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13,903 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13,903
Shares issued under the dividend reinvestment plan |  |  |  |  |  | 224 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 224
Shares issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan |  |  |  |  |  | 122 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 122
Purchase of treasury stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (304) |  |  |  |  |  | (304)
Stock awards granted and distributed |  |  |  |  |  | (33) |  |  |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  |  |  | —
Stock awards forfeited |  |  |  |  |  | 137 |  |  |  |  |  | (137) |  |  |  |  |  | —
Repurchase of surrendered stock from vesting of stock plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (12) |  |  |  |  |  | (12)
Share based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  | 907 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 907
Cash dividend declared, $0.23 per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4,611) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4,611)
Other comprehensive income, net of deferred income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 969 |  |  | 969
Balance at September 30, 2019 |  | $ | 199 |  | $ | 355,086 |  | $ | 141,103 |  | $ | (1,757) |  | $ | (8,228) |  | $ | 486,403

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |
|  | Common |  |  |  |  | Retained |  | Treasury |  | Comprehensive |  |  |
|  | Stock |  | Surplus |  | Earnings |  | Stock |  | Loss |  | Total
Balance at June 30, 2018 |  | $ | 198 |  | $ | 349,538 |  | $ | 106,206 |  | $ | (441) |  | $ | (15,746) |  | $ | 439,755
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,547 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,547
Shares issued under the dividend reinvestment plan |  |  |  |  |  | 237 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 237
Stock awards granted and distributed |  |  |  |  |  | (6) |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  |  | —
Stock awards forfeited |  |  |  |  |  | 68 |  |  |  |  |  | (68) |  |  |  |  |  | —
Repurchase of surrendered stock from vesting of stock plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (17) |  |  |  |  |  | (17)
Share based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  | 902 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 902
Cash dividend declared, $0.23 per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4,592) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4,592)
Other comprehensive loss, net of deferred income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,847) |  |  | (2,847)
Balance at September 30, 2018 |  | $ | 198 |  | $ | 350,739 |  | $ | 108,161 |  | $ | (520) |  | $ | (18,593) |  | $ | 439,985

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |
|  | Common |  |  |  |  | Retained |  | Treasury |  | Comprehensive |  |  |
|  | Stock |  | Surplus |  | Earnings |  | Stock |  | Loss |  | Total
Balance at January 1, 2019 |  | $ | 198 |  | $ | 352,093 |  | $ | 117,432 |  | $ | (781) |  | $ | (15,112) |  | $ | 453,830
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 37,483 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 37,483
Shares issued under the dividend reinvestment plan |  |  |  |  |  | 643 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 643
Shares issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan |  |  |  |  |  | 122 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 122
Purchase of treasury stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (625) |  |  |  |  |  | (625)
Stock awards granted and distributed |  |  | 1 |  |  | (988) |  |  |  |  |  | 987 |  |  |  |  |  | —
Stock awards forfeited |  |  |  |  |  | 479 |  |  |  |  |  | (479) |  |  |  |  |  | —
Repurchase of surrendered stock from vesting of stock plans |  |  |  |  |  | (18) |  |  |  |  |  | (859) |  |  |  |  |  | (877)
Share based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  | 2,755 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,755
Cash dividend declared, $0.69 per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (13,812) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (13,812)
Other comprehensive income, net of deferred income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,884 |  |  | 6,884
Balance at September 30, 2019 |  | $ | 199 |  | $ | 355,086 |  | $ | 141,103 |  | $ | (1,757) |  | $ | (8,228) |  | $ | 486,403

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |
|  | Common |  |  |  |  | Retained |  | Treasury |  | Comprehensive |  |  |
|  | Stock |  | Surplus |  | Earnings |  | Stock |  | Loss |  | Total
Balance at January 1, 2018 |  | $ | 197 |  | $ | 347,691 |  | $ | 96,547 |  | $ | (296) |  | $ | (14,939) |  | $ | 429,200
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25,363 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25,363
Shares issued under the dividend reinvestment plan |  |  |  |  |  | 705 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 705
Stock awards granted and distributed |  |  | 1 |  |  | (529) |  |  |  |  |  | 528 |  |  |  |  |  | —
Stock awards forfeited |  |  |  |  |  | 183 |  |  |  |  |  | (183) |  |  |  |  |  | —
Repurchase of surrendered stock from vesting of stock plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (569) |  |  |  |  |  | (569)
Share based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  | 2,689 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,689
Cash dividend declared, $0.69 per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (13,749) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (13,749)
Other comprehensive loss, net of deferred income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3,654) |  |  | (3,654)
Balance at September 30, 2018 |  | $ | 198 |  | $ | 350,739 |  | $ | 108,161 |  | $ | (520) |  | $ | (18,593) |  | $ | 439,985

See accompanying condensed notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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BRIDGE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)

(In thousands)

|  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 37,483 |  | $ | 25,363
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for loan losses |  |  | 5,100 |  |  | 1,400
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment |  |  | 3,148 |  |  | 2,871
Net (accretion) and other amortization |  |  | (1,044) |  |  | (1,803)
Net amortization on securities |  |  | 2,716 |  |  | 3,278
Increase in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance |  |  | (1,670) |  |  | (1,658)
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | 605 |  |  | 703
Share based compensation expense |  |  | 2,755 |  |  | 2,689
Net securities (gains) losses |  |  | (201) |  |  | 7,921
Increase in accrued interest receivable |  |  | (461) |  |  | (141)
SBA loans originated for sale |  |  | (23,012) |  |  | (22,126)
Proceeds from sale of the guaranteed portion of SBA loans |  |  | 25,108 |  |  | 22,453
Gain on sale of the guaranteed portion of SBA loans |  |  | (1,662) |  |  | (1,586)
Gain on sale of loans |  |  | — |  |  | (411)
Decrease (increase) in other assets |  |  | 3,149 |  |  | (3,816)
(Decrease) increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities |  |  | (4,551) |  |  | 5,581
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 47,463 |  |  | 40,718
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of securities available for sale |  |  | (64,373) |  |  | (224,600)
Purchases of securities, restricted |  |  | (63,771) |  |  | (493,347)
Purchases of securities held to maturity |  |  | — |  |  | (1,000)
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale |  |  | 46,478 |  |  | 230,372
Redemption of securities, restricted |  |  | 59,330 |  |  | 503,534
Maturities, calls and principal payments of securities available for sale |  |  | 102,141 |  |  | 72,535
Maturities, calls and principal payments of securities held to maturity |  |  | 19,900 |  |  | 16,760
Net increase in loans |  |  | (249,274) |  |  | (134,808)
Proceeds from loan sale |  |  | — |  |  | 40,133
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned ("OREO"), net |  |  | 297 |  |  | —
Purchase of premises and equipment |  |  | (1,684) |  |  | (5,259)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities |  |  | (150,956) |  |  | 4,320
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (decrease) increase in deposits |  |  | (143,093) |  |  | 284,631
Net decrease in federal funds purchased |  |  | — |  |  | (50,000)
Net increase (decrease) in FHLB advances |  |  | 96,568 |  |  | (235,641)
Net increase (decrease) in repurchase agreements |  |  | 417 |  |  | (61)
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock |  |  | 765 |  |  | 705
Purchase of treasury stock |  |  | (625) |  |  | —
Repurchase of surrendered stock from vesting of stock plans |  |  | (877) |  |  | (569)
Cash dividends paid |  |  | (13,812) |  |  | (13,749)
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (60,657) |  |  | (14,684)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (164,150) |  |  | 30,354
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  | 295,368 |  |  | 94,747
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 131,218 |  | $ | 125,101
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for: |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest |  | $ | 31,805 |  | $ | 23,902
Income taxes |  | $ | 5,783 |  | $ | 2,474
Non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Transfers from portfolio loans to loans held for sale |  | $ | 12,643 |  | $ | —
Transfers from portfolio loans to other real estate owned |  | $ | — |  | $ | 175

See accompanying condensed notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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BRIDGE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Bridge Bancorp, Inc. (the “Holding Company”), is a bank holding company incorporated under the laws of the State of New York. The Holding Company’s business consists of the operations of its wholly-owned subsidiary, BNB Bank (the “Bank”). The Bank’s operations include its real estate investment trust subsidiary, Bridgehampton Community, Inc.; a financial title insurance subsidiary, Bridge Abstract LLC (“Bridge Abstract”); and an investment services subsidiary, Bridge Financial Services, Inc. (“Bridge Financial Services”).

The unaudited consolidated financial statements presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include the collective results of the Holding Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, the Bank, which are collectively herein referred to as “we”, “us”, “our” and the “Company.”

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10‑Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The unaudited consolidated financial statements included herein reflect all normal recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. In preparing the interim financial statements, management has made estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reported periods. Such estimates are subject to change in the future as additional information becomes available or previously existing circumstances are modified. Actual future results could differ significantly from those estimates. The annualized results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the entire fiscal year. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts, and the related discussion and analysis, to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications did not have an impact on net income or total stockholders' equity. The unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

2. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 260‑10‑45 addresses whether instruments granted in share-based payment transactions are participating securities prior to vesting and, therefore, need to be included in the earnings allocation in computing earnings per share (“EPS”). The restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) and certain restricted stock units (“RSUs”) granted by the Company contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends and therefore are considered participating securities. The two-class method for calculating basic EPS excludes dividends paid to participating securities and any undistributed earnings attributable to participating securities.

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The following table presents the computation of EPS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30, |  | September 30,
(In thousands, except per share data) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net income |  | $ | 13,903 |  | $ | 6,547 |  | $ | 37,483 |  | $ | 25,363
Dividends paid on and earnings allocated to participating securities |  |  | (294) |  |  | (145) |  |  | (797) |  |  | (550)
Income attributable to common stock |  | $ | 13,609 |  | $ | 6,402 |  | $ | 36,686 |  | $ | 24,813
Weighted average common shares outstanding, including participating securities |  |  | 19,958 |  |  | 19,890 |  |  | 19,950 |  |  | 19,869
Weighted average participating securities |  |  | (422) |  |  | (438) |  |  | (425) |  |  | (435)
Weighted average common shares outstanding |  |  | 19,536 |  |  | 19,452 |  |  | 19,525 |  |  | 19,434
Basic earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.70 |  | $ | 0.33 |  | $ | 1.88 |  | $ | 1.28
Income attributable to common stock |  | $ | 13,609 |  | $ | 6,402 |  | $ | 36,686 |  | $ | 24,813
Weighted average common shares outstanding |  |  | 19,536 |  |  | 19,452 |  |  | 19,525 |  |  | 19,434
Incremental shares from assumed conversions of options and restricted stock units |  |  | 32 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 27
Weighted average common and equivalent shares outstanding |  |  | 19,568 |  |  | 19,485 |  |  | 19,552 |  |  | 19,461
Diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.70 |  | $ | 0.33 |  | $ | 1.88 |  | $ | 1.28

There were 110,660 stock options outstanding at September 30, 2019 that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 because the options' exercise prices were greater than the average market price of common stock and were, therefore, antidilutive. There were 47,393 stock options outstanding at September 30, 2018 that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 because the options' exercise prices were greater than the average market price of common stock and were, therefore, antidilutive.

There were zero RSUs that were antidilutive for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. There were 9,190 and 21,980 RSUs that were antidilutive for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

3. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

In May 2019, the Company’s shareholders approved the Bridge Bancorp, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Equity Incentive Plan”), which provides for the grant of stock-based and other incentive awards to officers, employees and directors of the Company. The 2019 Equity Incentive Plan superseded the Bridge Bancorp, Inc. 2012 Stock-Based Incentive Plan (the “2012 Equity Incentive Plan”). The 2012 Equity Incentive Plan superseded the 2006 Stock-Based Incentive Plan. The maximum number of shares of stock, in the aggregate, that may be granted under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan as stock options, restricted stock, or restricted stock units is 370,000 plus the number of shares of stock which have been reserved but not issued under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, and any awards that are forfeited under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan after the effective date of the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan. No further grants will be made under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. Currently outstanding grants under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan will not be affected.

The number of shares of common stock of Bridge Bancorp, Inc. available for stock-based awards under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan is 370,000 plus 162,738 shares that were remaining under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. At September 30, 2019, 525,336 shares remain available for issuance, including shares that may be granted in the form of stock options, RSAs, or RSUs.

The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors determines awards under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan. The Company accounts for the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan under FASB ASC No. 718.

Stock Options

Stock options may be either incentive stock options, which bestow certain tax benefits on the optionee, or non-qualified stock options, not qualifying for such benefits. All options have an exercise price that is not less than the market value of the Company's common stock on the date of the grant.

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The fair value of each option granted is estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The intrinsic value for stock options is calculated based on the exercise price of the underlying awards and the market price of the Company's common stock as of the exercise or reporting date.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, in accordance with the Long Term Incentive Plan (“LTI Plan”) for Named Executive Officers (“NEOs”), the Company granted 63,267 and 47,393 stock options, respectively, with an exercise price set to equal a 10.0% premium over the grant date stock price. All of the stock options granted vest ratably over three years. The estimated weighted-average grant-date fair value of all stock options granted in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $5.05 and $6.52 per stock option, respectively, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with assumptions as follows:

|  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Dividend yield |  |  | 2.86 | % |  | 2.80 | %
Expected volatility |  |  | 23.80 |  |  | 27.53 |
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 2.52 |  |  | 2.67 |
Expected option life |  |  | 6.0 | years |  | 6.5 | years

Compensation expense attributable to stock options was $53 thousand and $144 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Compensation expense attributable to stock options was $26 thousand and $65 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. As of September 30, 2019, there was $394 thousand of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.0 years.

The following table summarizes the status of the Company's stock options as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:

|  |  |  |  |  |  | Weighted |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | Weighted |  | Average |  |  |  |
|  | Number |  | Average |  | Remaining |  |  | Aggregate
|  | of |  | Exercise |  | Contractual |  |  | Intrinsic
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) |  | Options |  | Price |  | Life |  |  | Value
Outstanding, January 1, 2019 |  | 47,393 |  | $ | 36.19 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  | 63,267 |  |  | 35.35 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding, September 30, 2019 |  | 110,660 |  |  | 35.71 |  |  | 8.9 | years |  | $ | —
Vested and Exercisable, September 30, 2019 |  | 15,795 |  |  | 36.19 |  |  | 8.4 | years |  |  | —

|  | Number of |  | Exercise
Range of Exercise Prices |  | Options |  | Price
$35.35 |  | 63,267 |  | $ | 35.35
36.19 |  | 47,393 |  |  | 36.19
|  | 110,660 |  |  |

Restricted Stock Awards

The Company's RSAs are shares of the Company's common stock that are forfeitable and are subject to restrictions on transfer prior to the vesting date. RSAs are forfeited if the award holder departs the Company before vesting. RSAs carry dividend and voting rights from the date of grant. The vesting of time-vested RSAs depends upon the award holder continuing to render services to the Company. The Company's performance-based RSAs vest subject to the achievement of the Company's corporate goals.

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The following table summarizes the unvested RSA activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:

|  |  |  | Weighted
|  |  |  | Average Grant-Date
|  | Shares |  | Fair Value
Unvested, January 1, 2019 |  | 324,882 |  | $ | 29.13
Granted |  | 78,952 |  |  | 31.92
Vested |  | (89,920) |  |  | 27.17
Forfeited |  | (17,020) |  |  | 30.70
Unvested, September 30, 2019 |  | 296,894 |  |  | 30.37

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company granted a total of 78,952 RSAs. Of the 78,952 RSAs granted, 49,925 time-vested RSAs vest ratably over five years and 29,027 time-vested RSAs vest ratably over three years. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company granted a total of 83,282 RSAs. Of the 83,282 RSAs granted, 44,750 time-vested RSAs vest ratably over five years, 13,415 time-vested RSAs vest ratably over three years, and 25,117 performance-based RSAs vest ratably over two years, subject to the achievement of the Company's 2018 corporate goals. As of September 30, 2019, there were 296,894 unvested RSAs consisting of 285,874 time-vested RSAs and 11,020 performance-based RSAs.

Compensation expense attributable to RSAs was $537 thousand and $1.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $612 thousand and $1.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. As of September 30, 2019, there was $5.3 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSAs. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.2 years.

Restricted Stock Units

Long Term Incentive Plan

RSUs represent an obligation to deliver shares to a grantee at a future date if certain vesting conditions are met. RSUs are subject to a time-based vesting schedule, or the satisfaction of performance conditions, and are settled in shares of the Company's common stock. RSUs do not provide voting rights and RSUs may provide dividend equivalent rights from the date of grant.

The following table summarizes the unvested NEO RSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:

|  |  |  | Weighted
|  |  |  | Average Grant-Date
|  | Shares |  | Fair Value
Unvested, January 1, 2019 |  | 79,238 |  | $ | 27.36
Granted |  | 22,305 |  |  | 33.42
Reinvested dividends |  | 1,935 |  |  | 28.85
Forfeited |  | (16,184) |  |  | 23.34
Vested |  | (2,573) |  |  | 32.90
Unvested, September 30, 2019 |  | 84,721 |  |  | 29.59

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, in accordance with the LTI Plan for NEOs, the Company granted 22,305 RSUs. Of the 22,305 RSUs granted, 13,255 time-vested RSUs vest ratably over five years and 9,050 performance-based RSUs vest subject to the achievement of the Company's three-year corporate goal for the three-year period ending December 31, 2021. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company granted 21,693 RSUs. Of the 21,693 RSUs granted, 12,522 time-vested RSUs vest ratably over five years and 9,171 performance-based RSUs vest subject to the achievement of the Company’s for the three-year period ending December 31, 2020.

Compensation expense attributable to LTI Plan RSUs was $175 thousand and $518 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively and $121 thousand and $341 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. As of September 30, 2019, there was $1.5 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSUs. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.8 years.

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Directors Plan

In April 2009, the Company adopted a Directors Deferred Compensation Plan (“Directors Plan”). Under the Directors Plan, independent directors may elect to defer all or a portion of their annual retainer fee in the form of RSUs. In addition, directors receive a non-election retainer in the form of RSUs. These RSUs vest ratably over one year and have dividend rights but no voting rights. In connection with the Directors Plan, the Company recorded expense of $142 thousand and $427 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $143 thousand and $418 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In May 2018, the Board of Directors adopted, and stockholders approved the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). A total of 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock have been initially authorized for issuance under the ESPP. Subject to any plan limitations, the ESPP allows eligible employees to contribute, normally through payroll deductions, up to $25 thousand for the purchase of the Company’s common stock at a discounted price per share for any calendar year. The current offering period is from July 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, 4,355 shares of common stock were purchased, and no expense was recorded related to the ESPP. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, no shares of common stock were purchased, and no expense was recorded related to the ESPP.

4. SECURITIES

The following tables summarize the amortized cost and estimated fair value of the available for sale and held to maturity investment securities portfolio at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and the corresponding amounts of unrealized gains and losses therein:

|  | September 30, 2019
|  |  |  | Gross |  | Gross |  | Estimated
|  | Amortized |  | Unrealized |  | Unrealized |  | Fair
(In thousands) |  | Cost |  | Gains |  | Losses |  | Value
Available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. GSE securities |  | $ | 5,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | (13) |  | $ | 4,987
State and municipal obligations |  |  | 29,587 |  |  | 813 |  |  | — |  |  | 30,400
U.S. GSE residential mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 89,104 |  |  | 530 |  |  | (558) |  |  | 89,076
U.S. GSE residential collateralized mortgage obligations |  |  | 309,146 |  |  | 1,688 |  |  | (1,643) |  |  | 309,191
U.S. GSE commercial mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 11,867 |  |  | 34 |  |  | (16) |  |  | 11,885
U.S. GSE commercial collateralized mortgage obligations |  |  | 96,201 |  |  | 2,285 |  |  | (133) |  |  | 98,353
Other asset backed securities |  |  | 24,250 |  |  | — |  |  | (788) |  |  | 23,462
Corporate bonds |  |  | 46,000 |  |  | — |  |  | (2,648) |  |  | 43,352
Total available for sale |  |  | 611,155 |  |  | 5,350 |  |  | (5,799) |  |  | 610,706
Held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and municipal obligations |  |  | 42,512 |  |  | 928 |  |  | — |  |  | 43,440
U.S. GSE residential mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 8,514 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (58) |  |  | 8,459
U.S. GSE residential collateralized mortgage obligations |  |  | 43,881 |  |  | 739 |  |  | (264) |  |  | 44,356
U.S. GSE commercial mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 17,407 |  |  | 209 |  |  | (15) |  |  | 17,601
U.S. GSE commercial collateralized mortgage obligations |  |  | 27,415 |  |  | 297 |  |  | (65) |  |  | 27,647
Total held to maturity |  |  | 139,729 |  |  | 2,176 |  |  | (402) |  |  | 141,503
Total securities |  | $ | 750,884 |  | $ | 7,526 |  | $ | (6,201) |  | $ | 752,209

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|  | December 31, 2018
|  |  |  | Gross |  | Gross |  | Estimated
|  | Amortized |  | Unrealized |  | Unrealized |  | Fair
(In thousands) |  | Cost |  | Gains |  | Losses |  | Value
Available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. GSE securities |  | $ | 29,997 |  | $ | — |  | $ | (947) |  | $ | 29,050
State and municipal obligations |  |  | 40,980 |  |  | 105 |  |  | (354) |  |  | 40,731
U.S. GSE residential mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 96,536 |  |  | 38 |  |  | (3,036) |  |  | 93,538
U.S. GSE residential collateralized mortgage obligations |  |  | 362,905 |  |  | 826 |  |  | (5,954) |  |  | 357,777
U.S. GSE commercial mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 3,536 |  |  | — |  |  | (28) |  |  | 3,508
U.S. GSE commercial collateralized mortgage obligations |  |  | 93,177 |  |  | — |  |  | (2,539) |  |  | 90,638
Other asset-backed securities |  |  | 24,250 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,031) |  |  | 23,219
Corporate bonds |  |  | 46,000 |  |  | — |  |  | (3,575) |  |  | 42,425
Total available for sale |  |  | 697,381 |  |  | 969 |  |  | (17,464) |  |  | 680,886
Held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and municipal obligations |  |  | 53,540 |  |  | 290 |  |  | (276) |  |  | 53,554
U.S. GSE residential mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 9,688 |  |  | — |  |  | (336) |  |  | 9,352
U.S. GSE residential collateralized mortgage obligations |  |  | 48,244 |  |  | 163 |  |  | (1,130) |  |  | 47,277
U.S. GSE commercial mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 19,098 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (620) |  |  | 18,482
U.S. GSE commercial collateralized mortgage obligations |  |  | 29,593 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,466) |  |  | 28,127
Total held to maturity |  |  | 160,163 |  |  | 457 |  |  | (3,828) |  |  | 156,792
Total securities |  | $ | 857,544 |  | $ | 1,426 |  | $ | (21,292) |  | $ | 837,678

The following table summarizes the amortized cost and estimated fair value by contractual maturity of the available for sale and held to maturity investment securities portfolio at September 30, 2019. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

|  | September 30, 2019
|  | Amortized |  | Estimated
(In thousands) |  | Cost |  | Fair Value
Maturity |  |  |  |  |  |
Available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |
Within one year |  | $ | 1,133 |  | $ | 1,133
One to five years |  |  | 37,676 |  |  | 37,428
Five to ten years |  |  | 47,649 |  |  | 45,898
Beyond ten years |  |  | 524,697 |  |  | 526,247
Total |  | $ | 611,155 |  | $ | 610,706
Held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Within one year |  | $ | 8,768 |  | $ | 8,787
One to five years |  |  | 22,504 |  |  | 22,903
Five to ten years |  |  | 31,673 |  |  | 32,300
Beyond ten years |  |  | 76,784 |  |  | 77,513
Total |  | $ | 139,729 |  | $ | 141,503

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The following tables summarize securities with gross unrealized losses at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, aggregated by category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:

|  | September 30, 2019
|  | Less than 12 months |  | Greater than 12 months
|  | Estimated |  | Gross |  | Estimated |  | Gross
|  | Fair |  | Unrealized |  | Fair |  | Unrealized
(In thousands) |  | Value |  | Losses |  | Value |  | Losses
Available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. GSE securities |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 4,987 |  | $ | (13)
State and municipal obligations |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 76 |  |  | —
U.S. GSE residential mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 4,855 |  |  | (17) |  |  | 45,344 |  |  | (541)
U.S. GSE residential collateralized mortgage obligations |  |  | 81,276 |  |  | (610) |  |  | 95,027 |  |  | (1,033)
U.S. GSE commercial mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 4,875 |  |  | (16) |  |  | — |  |  | —
U.S. GSE commercial collateralized mortgage obligations |  |  | 7,138 |  |  | (9) |  |  | 13,938 |  |  | (124)
Other asset backed securities |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,462 |  |  | (788)
Corporate bonds |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43,352 |  |  | (2,648)
Total available for sale |  | $ | 98,144 |  | $ | (652) |  | $ | 226,186 |  | $ | (5,147)
Held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and municipal obligations |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 402 |  | $ | —
U.S. GSE residential mortgage-backed securities |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,580 |  |  | (58)
U.S. GSE residential collateralized mortgage obligations |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,090 |  |  | (264)
U.S. GSE commercial mortgage-backed securities |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,187 |  |  | (15)
U.S. GSE commercial collateralized mortgage obligations |  |  | 8,115 |  |  | (10) |  |  | 4,428 |  |  | (55)
Total held to maturity |  | $ | 8,115 |  | $ | (10) |  | $ | 26,687 |  | $ | (392)

|  | December 31, 2018
|  | Less than 12 months |  | Greater than 12 months
|  | Estimated |  | Gross |  | Estimated |  | Gross
|  | Fair |  | Unrealized |  | Fair |  | Unrealized
(In thousands) |  | Value |  | Losses |  | Value |  | Losses
Available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. GSE securities |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 29,050 |  | $ | (947)
State and municipal obligations |  |  | 6,655 |  |  | (15) |  |  | 21,273 |  |  | (339)
U.S. GSE residential mortgage-backed securities |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 88,762 |  |  | (3,036)
U.S. GSE residential collateralized mortgage obligations |  |  | 46,452 |  |  | (141) |  |  | 172,468 |  |  | (5,813)
U.S. GSE commercial mortgage-backed securities |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,508 |  |  | (28)
U.S. GSE commercial collateralized mortgage obligations |  |  | 46,705 |  |  | (623) |  |  | 43,933 |  |  | (1,916)
Other asset-backed securities |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,219 |  |  | (1,031)
Corporate bonds |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42,425 |  |  | (3,575)
Total available for sale |  | $ | 99,812 |  | $ | (779) |  | $ | 424,638 |  | $ | (16,685)
Held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and municipal obligations |  | $ | 8,286 |  | $ | (26) |  | $ | 22,142 |  | $ | (250)
U.S. GSE residential mortgage-backed securities |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,352 |  |  | (336)
U.S. GSE residential collateralized mortgage obligations |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 40,665 |  |  | (1,130)
U.S. GSE commercial mortgage-backed securities |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,205 |  |  | (620)
U.S. GSE commercial collateralized mortgage obligations |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28,127 |  |  | (1,466)
Total held to maturity |  | $ | 8,286 |  | $ | (26) |  | $ | 116,491 |  | $ | (3,802)

Other-Than-Temporary Impairment

Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) quarterly and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant. The investment securities portfolio is evaluated for OTTI by segregating the portfolio into two general segments and applying the appropriate OTTI model. Investment securities classified as available for sale or held to maturity are generally evaluated for OTTI under FASB ASC 320, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities”. In determining OTTI under the FASB ASC 320 model, management considers many factors, including: (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer, (3) whether the market decline was affected by macroeconomic conditions, and (4) whether the Company has the intent to sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before its anticipated recovery. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the entire

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difference between amortized cost and fair value is recognized as impairment through earnings. For debt securities that do not meet these criteria, the amount of impairment is split into two components: (1) OTTI related to credit loss, which must be recognized in the income statement and (2) OTTI related to other factors, which is recognized in other comprehensive income (“OCI”). The credit loss is defined as the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis. The assessment of whether an other-than-temporary decline exists involves a high degree of subjectivity and judgment and is based on the information available to management at a point in time.

At September 30, 2019, substantially all of the securities in an unrealized loss position had a fixed interest rate and the cause of the temporary impairment was directly related to changes in interest rates. The Company generally views changes in fair value caused by changes in interest rates as temporary, which is consistent with its experience. Other asset backed securities are comprised of student loan backed bonds which are guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Education for 97% to 100% of principal. Additionally, the bonds have credit support of 3% to 5% and have maintained their Aa3 Moody's rating during the time the Bank has owned them. The corporate bonds within the portfolio have all maintained an investment grade rating by either Moody's or Standard and Poor's. None of the unrealized losses is related to credit losses. The Company does not have the intent to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery. Therefore, the Company does not consider these securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired at September 30, 2019.

Sales and Calls of Securities

There were no proceeds from sale of securities for the three months ended September 30, 2019. There were $46.5 million in proceeds from sales of securities with gross gain of $0.2 million realized for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. There were no proceeds from sales of securities for the three months ended September 30, 2018. There were $230.4 million of proceeds from sales of securities with gross losses of $7.9 million realized for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. There were $10.0 million and $20.3 million of proceeds from calls of securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. There were no proceeds from calls of securities for the three months ended September 30, 2018. There were $1.9 million of proceeds from calls of securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Pledged Securities

Securities having a fair value of $292.7 million and $354.3 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits and Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) and Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) overnight borrowings.

Trading Securities

The Company did not hold any trading securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 or the year ended December 31, 2018.

Restricted Securities

The Bank is a member of the FHLB of New York. Members are required to own a particular amount of stock based on the level of borrowings and other factors and may invest in additional amounts. The Bank is a member of the Atlantic Central Banker's Bank (“ACBB”) and is required to own ACBB stock. The Bank is also a member of the FRB system and required to own FRB stock. FHLB, ACBB and FRB stock is carried at cost and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income. The Bank owned $28.5 million and $24.0 million in FHLB, ACBB and FRB stock at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. These amounts were reported as restricted securities in the consolidated balance sheets.

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5. FAIR VALUE

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities during the first quarter of 2018.

FASB ASC No. 820‑10 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. FASB ASC 820‑10 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity's own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The following tables summarize assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

|  | September 30, 2019
|  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using:
|  |  |  | Quoted Prices |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | In Active |  | Significant |  |
|  |  |  | Markets for |  | Other |  | Significant
|  |  |  | Identical |  | Observable |  | Unobservable
|  | Carrying |  | Assets |  | Inputs |  | Inputs
(In thousands) |  | Value |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available for sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. GSE securities |  | $ | 4,987 |  |  |  | $ | 4,987 |  |
State and municipal obligations |  |  | 30,400 |  |  |  |  | 30,400 |  |
U.S. GSE residential mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 89,076 |  |  |  |  | 89,076 |  |
U.S. GSE residential collateralized mortgage obligations |  |  | 309,191 |  |  |  |  | 309,191 |  |
U.S. GSE commercial mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 11,885 |  |  |  |  | 11,885 |  |
U.S. GSE commercial collateralized mortgage obligations |  |  | 98,353 |  |  |  |  | 98,353 |  |
Other asset-backed securities |  |  | 23,462 |  |  |  |  | 23,462 |  |
Corporate bonds |  |  | 43,352 |  |  |  |  | 43,352 |  |
Total available for sale securities |  | $ | 610,706 |  |  |  | $ | 610,706 |  |
Derivatives |  | $ | 19,227 |  |  |  | $ | 19,227 |  |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives |  | $ | 21,950 |  |  |  | $ | 21,950 |  |

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|  | December 31, 2018
|  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using:
|  |  |  | Quoted Prices |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | In Active |  | Significant |  |
|  |  |  | Markets for |  | Other |  | Significant
|  |  |  | Identical |  | Observable |  | Unobservable
|  | Carrying |  | Assets |  | Inputs |  | Inputs
(In thousands) |  | Value |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available for sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. GSE securities |  | $ | 29,050 |  |  |  | $ | 29,050 |  |
State and municipal obligations |  |  | 40,731 |  |  |  |  | 40,731 |  |
U.S. GSE residential mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 93,538 |  |  |  |  | 93,538 |  |
U.S. GSE residential collateralized mortgage obligations |  |  | 357,777 |  |  |  |  | 357,777 |  |
U.S. GSE commercial mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 3,508 |  |  |  |  | 3,508 |  |
U.S. GSE commercial collateralized mortgage obligations |  |  | 90,638 |  |  |  |  | 90,638 |  |
Other asset-backed securities |  |  | 23,219 |  |  |  |  | 23,219 |  |
Corporate bonds |  |  | 42,425 |  |  |  |  | 42,425 |  |
Total available for sale securities |  | $ | 680,886 |  |  |  | $ | 680,886 |  |
Derivatives |  | $ | 6,363 |  |  |  | $ | 6,363 |  |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives |  | $ | 2,215 |  |  |  | $ | 2,215 |  |

The following tables summarize assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:

|  | September 30, 2019
|  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using:
|  |  |  | Quoted Prices |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | In Active |  | Significant |  |
|  |  |  | Markets for |  | Other |  | Significant
|  |  |  | Identical |  | Observable |  | Unobservable
|  | Carrying |  | Assets |  | Inputs |  | Inputs
(In thousands) |  | Value |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Loans held for sale |  | $ | 12,643 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,643
Impaired loans |  | $ | 7,286 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 7,286

|  | December 31, 2018
|  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using:
|  |  |  | Quoted Prices |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | In Active |  | Significant |  |
|  |  |  | Markets for |  | Other |  | Significant
|  |  |  | Identical |  | Observable |  | Unobservable
|  | Carrying |  | Assets |  | Inputs |  | Inputs
(In thousands) |  | Value |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Impaired loans |  | $ | 2,532 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,532
Other real estate owned |  | $ | 175 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 175

Loans held for sale at September 30, 2019 had a carrying amount of $12.6 million with no valuation allowance recorded. There were no loans held for sale at December 31, 2018.

Impaired loans with an allocated allowance for loan losses at September 30, 2019 had a carrying amount of $7.3 million, which is made up of the outstanding balance of $12.0 million, net of a valuation allowance of $4.7 million. Impaired loans with an allocated allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2018 had a carrying amount of $2.5 million, which is made up of the outstanding balance of $2.7 million, net of a valuation allowance of $0.2 million.

There was no other real estate owned at September 30, 2019. At December 31, 2018, other real estate owned had a carrying amount of $0.2 million with no valuation allowance recorded. Accordingly, there was no additional provision for loan losses included in the amount reported on the consolidated statements of income.

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The Company used the following methods and assumptions in estimating the fair value of its financial instruments:

Securities Available for Sale and Held to Maturity: If available, the estimated fair values are based on independent dealer quotations on nationally recognized securities exchanges and are classified as Level 1. For securities where quoted prices are not available, fair value is based on matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities' relationship to other benchmark quoted securities resulting in a Level 2 classification.

Derivatives: Represents interest rate swaps for which the estimated fair values are based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date resulting in a Level 2 classification.

Loans Held for Sale: Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. The fair value of loans held for sale is initially determined using the price we expect to receive for the loans based on commitments received from third-party investors. Thereafter, loans held for sale are re-evaluated quarterly to determine if a valuation allowance is required to adjust for a decline in fair value below the carrying amount, resulting in a Level 3 classification.

Impaired Loans and Other Real Estate Owned: For impaired loans, the Company evaluates the fair value of the loan in accordance with current accounting guidance. For loans that are collateral dependent, the fair value of the collateral is used to determine the fair value of the loan. The fair value of the collateral is determined based on recent appraised values. The fair value of other real estate owned is also evaluated in accordance with current accounting guidance and determined based on recent appraised values less the estimated cost to sell. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Adjustments may relate to location, square footage, condition, amenities, market rate of leases as well as timing of comparable sales. All appraisals undergo a second review process to ensure that the methodology employed, and the values derived are reasonable. The fair value of the loan is compared to the carrying value to determine if any write-down or specific reserve is required. Impaired loans are evaluated quarterly for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly.

Appraisals for collateral-dependent impaired loans are performed by certified general appraisers (for commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Company. Once received, the Credit Department reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparison with independent data sources such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics. Management also considers the appraisal values for commercial properties associated with current loan origination activity. Collectively, this information is reviewed to help assess current trends in commercial property values. For each collateral dependent impaired loan, management considers information that relates to the type of commercial property to determine if such properties may have appreciated or depreciated in value since the date of the most recent appraisal. Adjustments to fair value are made only when the analysis indicates a probable decline in collateral values. Adjustments made in the appraisal process are not deemed material to the overall consolidated financial statements given the level of impaired loans measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

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The following tables summarize the estimated fair values and recorded carrying amounts of the Company's financial instruments at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

|  | September 30, 2019
|  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using: |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Significant |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | Quoted Prices In |  | Other |  | Significant |  |
|  |  |  | Active Markets for |  | Observable |  | Unobservable |  |
|  | Carrying |  | Identical Assets |  | Inputs |  | Inputs |  | Total
(In thousands) |  | Amount |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3) |  | Fair Value
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 87,004 |  | $ | 87,004 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 87,004
Interest-bearing deposits with banks |  |  | 44,214 |  |  | 44,214 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44,214
Securities available for sale |  |  | 610,706 |  |  | — |  |  | 610,706 |  |  | — |  |  | 610,706
Securities restricted |  |  | 28,469 |  |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |  |  | n/a
Securities held to maturity |  |  | 139,729 |  |  | — |  |  | 141,503 |  |  | — |  |  | 141,503
Loans held for sale |  |  | 12,643 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,643 |  |  | 12,643
Loans, net |  |  | 3,476,159 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,456,345 |  |  | 3,456,345
Derivatives |  |  | 19,227 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,227 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,227
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 11,697 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,524 |  |  | 9,173 |  |  | 11,697
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit |  |  | 269,777 |  |  | — |  |  | 270,291 |  |  | — |  |  | 270,291
Demand and other deposits |  |  | 3,473,506 |  |  | 3,473,506 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,473,506
FHLB advances |  |  | 337,000 |  |  | 47,000 |  |  | 290,881 |  |  | — |  |  | 337,881
Repurchase agreements |  |  | 956 |  |  | — |  |  | 956 |  |  | — |  |  | 956
Subordinated debentures |  |  | 78,885 |  |  | — |  |  | 82,633 |  |  | — |  |  | 82,633
Derivatives |  |  | 21,950 |  |  | — |  |  | 21,950 |  |  | — |  |  | 21,950
Accrued interest payable |  |  | 385 |  |  | — |  |  | 385 |  |  | — |  |  | 385

|  | December 31, 2018
|  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using: |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Significant |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | Quoted Prices In |  | Other |  | Significant |  |
|  |  |  | Active Markets for |  | Observable |  | Unobservable |  |
|  | Carrying |  | Identical Assets |  | Inputs |  | Inputs |  | Total
(In thousands) |  | Amount |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3) |  | Fair Value
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 142,145 |  | $ | 142,145 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 142,145
Interest-bearing deposits with banks |  |  | 153,223 |  |  | 153,223 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 153,223
Securities available for sale |  |  | 680,886 |  |  | — |  |  | 680,886 |  |  | — |  |  | 680,886
Securities restricted |  |  | 24,028 |  |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |  |  | n/a
Securities held to maturity |  |  | 160,163 |  |  | — |  |  | 156,792 |  |  | — |  |  | 156,792
Loans, net |  |  | 3,244,393 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,216,204 |  |  | 3,216,204
Derivatives |  |  | 6,363 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,363 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,363
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 11,236 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,936 |  |  | 8,300 |  |  | 11,236
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit |  |  | 329,491 |  |  | — |  |  | 326,865 |  |  | — |  |  | 326,865
Demand and other deposits |  |  | 3,556,902 |  |  | 3,556,902 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,556,902
FHLB advances |  |  | 240,433 |  |  | — |  |  | 236,209 |  |  | — |  |  | 236,209
Repurchase agreements |  |  | 539 |  |  | — |  |  | 539 |  |  | — |  |  | 539
Subordinated debentures |  |  | 78,781 |  |  | — |  |  | 74,400 |  |  | — |  |  | 74,400
Derivatives |  |  | 2,215 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,215 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,215
Accrued interest payable |  |  | 1,524 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,524 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,524

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6. LOANS

The following table sets forth the major classifications of loans:

(In thousands) |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Commercial real estate mortgage loans |  | $ | 1,519,807 |  | $ | 1,373,556
Multi-family mortgage loans |  |  | 673,909 |  |  | 585,827
Residential real estate mortgage loans |  |  | 497,842 |  |  | 519,763
Commercial, industrial and agricultural loans |  |  | 667,949 |  |  | 645,724
Real estate construction and land loans |  |  | 116,463 |  |  | 123,393
Installment/consumer loans |  |  | 24,998 |  |  | 20,509
Total loans |  |  | 3,500,968 |  |  | 3,268,772
Net deferred loan costs and fees |  |  | 7,364 |  |  | 7,039
Total loans held for investment |  |  | 3,508,332 |  |  | 3,275,811
Allowance for loan losses |  |  | (32,173) |  |  | (31,418)
Loans, net |  | $ | 3,476,159 |  | $ | 3,244,393

In June 2015, the Company completed the acquisition of Community National Bank (“CNB”) resulting in the addition of $729.4 million of acquired loans recorded at their fair value. There were approximately $235.7 million and $275.0 million of acquired CNB loans remaining as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

As of September 30, 2019, one commercial real estate (“CRE”) mortgage loan totaling $12.6 million was classified as held for sale. The loan was reclassified from loans held for investment to loans held for sale and written down from $16.3 million to the loan’s estimated fair value of $12.6 million, through a $3.7 million charge-off during the 2019 second quarter.

Lending Risk

The principal business of the Bank is lending in CRE mortgage loans, multi-family mortgage loans, residential real estate mortgage loans, construction loans, home equity loans, commercial, industrial and agricultural loans, land loans and consumer loans. The Bank considers its primary lending area to be Nassau and Suffolk Counties located on Long Island and the New York City boroughs. A substantial portion of the Bank's loans is secured by real estate in these areas. Accordingly, the ultimate collectability of the loan portfolio is susceptible to changes in market and economic conditions in this region.

Commercial Real Estate Mortgages

Loans in this classification include income producing investment properties and owner-occupied real estate used for business purposes. The underlying properties are located largely in the Bank's primary market area. The cash flows of the income producing investment properties are adversely impacted by a downturn in the economy as evidenced by increased vacancy rates, which in turn, will have an effect on credit quality. Generally, management seeks to obtain annual financial information for borrowers with loans in excess of $1.0 million in this category. In the case of owner-occupied real estate used for business purposes, a weakened economy and resultant decreased consumer and/or business spending will have an adverse effect on credit quality.

Multi-Family Mortgages

Loans in this classification include income producing residential investment properties of five or more families. Loans are made to established owners with a proven and demonstrable record of strong performance. Loans are secured by a first mortgage lien on the subject property with a loan to value ratio generally not exceeding 75%. Repayment is derived generally from the rental income generated from the property and may be supplemented by the owners' personal cash flow. Credit risk arises with an increase in vacancy rates, property mismanagement and the predominance of non-recourse loans that are customary in the industry.

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Residential Real Estate Mortgages and Home Equity Loans

Loans in these classifications are generally secured by owner-occupied residential real estate and repayment is dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and housing prices, can have an effect on the credit quality in this loan class. The Bank generally does not originate loans with a loan-to-value ratio greater than 80% and does not grant subprime loans.

Commercial, Industrial and Agricultural Loans

Loans in this classification are made to businesses and include term loans, lines of credit, senior secured loans to corporations, equipment financing and taxi medallion loans. Generally, these loans are secured by assets of the business and repayment is expected from the cash flows of the business. A weakened economy, and resultant decreased consumer and/or business spending, will have an effect on the credit quality in this loan class.

Real Estate Construction and Land Loans

Loans in this classification primarily include land loans to local individuals, contractors and developers for developing the land for sale or for the purpose of making improvements thereon. Repayment is derived primarily from sale of the lots/units including any pre-sold units. Credit risk is affected by market conditions, time to sell at an adequate price and cost overruns. To a lesser extent, this class includes commercial development projects that the Company finances, which in most cases require interest only during construction, and then convert to permanent financing. Construction delays, cost overruns, market conditions and the availability of permanent financing, to the extent such permanent financing is not being provided by the Bank, all affect the credit risk in this loan class.

Installment and Consumer Loans

Loans in this classification may be either secured or unsecured. Repayment is dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower and, if applicable, sale of the collateral securing the loan, such as automobiles. Therefore, the overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and housing prices, will have an effect on the credit quality in this loan class.

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories of pass, special mention, substandard and doubtful based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt including repayment patterns, probable incurred losses, past loss experience, current economic conditions, and various types of concentrations of credit. Assigned risk rating grades are continuously updated as new information is obtained. Loans risk rated special mention, substandard and doubtful are reviewed on a quarterly basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk rating grades:

Pass: Loans classified as pass include current loans performing in accordance with contractual terms, pools of homogenous residential real estate and installment/consumer loans that are not individually risk rated and loans which do not exhibit certain risk factors that require greater than usual monitoring by management.

Special mention: Loans classified as special mention, while generally not delinquent, have potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or in the Bank's credit position at some future date.

Substandard: Loans classified as substandard have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. There is a distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful: Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard loan, may also be in delinquency status and have defined weaknesses based on currently existing facts, conditions and values making collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable.

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The following tables represent loans categorized by class and internally assigned risk grades as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

|  | September 30, 2019
(In thousands) |  | Pass |  | Special Mention |  | Substandard |  | Doubtful |  | Total
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 507,851 |  | $ | 20,395 |  | $ | 1,237 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 529,483
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 977,896 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,428 |  |  | — |  |  | 990,324
Multi-family |  |  | 673,501 |  |  | 408 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 673,909
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage |  |  | 418,648 |  |  | 8,213 |  |  | 2,093 |  |  | — |  |  | 428,954
Home equity |  |  | 67,435 |  |  | 674 |  |  | 779 |  |  | — |  |  | 68,888
Commercial and industrial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Secured |  |  | 149,772 |  |  | 1,227 |  |  | 9,809 |  |  | — |  |  | 160,808
Unsecured |  |  | 483,037 |  |  | 11,852 |  |  | 12,252 |  |  | — |  |  | 507,141
Real estate construction and land loans |  |  | 116,047 |  |  | — |  |  | 416 |  |  | — |  |  | 116,463
Installment/consumer loans |  |  | 24,233 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 761 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,998
Total loans |  | $ | 3,418,420 |  | $ | 42,773 |  | $ | 39,775 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 3,500,968

|  | December 31, 2018
(In thousands) |  | Pass |  | Special Mention |  | Substandard |  | Doubtful |  | Total
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 480,503 |  | $ | 12,045 |  | $ | 17,850 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 510,398
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 858,069 |  |  | 2,188 |  |  | 2,901 |  |  | — |  |  | 863,158
Multi-family |  |  | 585,409 |  |  | 418 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 585,827
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage |  |  | 438,891 |  |  | 8,510 |  |  | 1,114 |  |  | — |  |  | 448,515
Home equity |  |  | 68,480 |  |  | 1,594 |  |  | 1,174 |  |  | — |  |  | 71,248
Commercial and industrial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Secured |  |  | 147,474 |  |  | 5,536 |  |  | 15,530 |  |  | — |  |  | 168,540
Unsecured |  |  | 458,526 |  |  | 12,886 |  |  | 5,772 |  |  | — |  |  | 477,184
Real estate construction and land loans |  |  | 123,089 |  |  | — |  |  | 304 |  |  | — |  |  | 123,393
Installment/consumer loans |  |  | 20,464 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 36 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,509
Total loans |  | $ | 3,180,905 |  | $ | 43,186 |  | $ | 44,681 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 3,268,772

Past Due and Non-accrual Loans

The following tables represent the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 by class of loans, as defined by FASB ASC 310‑10:

|  | September 30, 2019
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 90+ Days |  | Non-accrual |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 30-59 |  | 60-89 |  | Past Due |  | Including 90 |  | Total Past |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Days |  | Days |  | And |  | Days or More |  | Due and |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Past Due |  | Past Due |  | Accruing |  | Past Due |  | Non-accrual |  | Current |  | Total Loans
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 729 |  | $ | 196 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 231 |  | $ | 1,156 |  | $ | 528,327 |  | $ | 529,483
Non-owner occupied |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 512 |  |  | 512 |  |  | 989,812 |  |  | 990,324
Multi-family |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 673,909 |  |  | 673,909
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgages |  |  | 3,246 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,100 |  |  | 5,346 |  |  | 423,608 |  |  | 428,954
Home equity |  |  | 61 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 338 |  |  | 368 |  |  | 1,067 |  |  | 67,821 |  |  | 68,888
Commercial and industrial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Secured |  |  | — |  |  | 332 |  |  | — |  |  | 211 |  |  | 543 |  |  | 160,265 |  |  | 160,808
Unsecured |  |  | 485 |  |  | 614 |  |  | — |  |  | 652 |  |  | 1,751 |  |  | 505,390 |  |  | 507,141
Real estate construction and land loans |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 125 |  |  | 125 |  |  | 116,338 |  |  | 116,463
Installment/consumer loans |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 24,963 |  |  | 24,998
Total loans |  | $ | 4,544 |  | $ | 1,442 |  | $ | 338 |  | $ | 4,211 |  | $ | 10,535 |  | $ | 3,490,433 |  | $ | 3,500,968

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|  | December 31, 2018
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 90+ Days |  | Non-accrual |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 30-59 |  | 60-89 |  | Past Due |  | Including 90 |  | Total Past |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Days |  | Days |  | And |  | Days or More |  | Due and |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Past Due |  | Past Due |  | Accruing |  | Past Due |  | Non-accrual |  | Current |  | Total Loans
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 333 |  | $ | 194 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 253 |  | $ | 780 |  | $ | 509,618 |  | $ | 510,398
Non-owner occupied |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 885 |  |  | 885 |  |  | 862,273 |  |  | 863,158
Multi-family |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 585,827 |  |  | 585,827
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgages |  |  | 892 |  |  | 230 |  |  | — |  |  | 199 |  |  | 1,321 |  |  | 447,194 |  |  | 448,515
Home equity |  |  | 1,033 |  |  | — |  |  | 308 |  |  | 624 |  |  | 1,965 |  |  | 69,283 |  |  | 71,248
Commercial and industrial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Secured |  |  | 330 |  |  | 196 |  |  | — |  |  | 174 |  |  | 700 |  |  | 167,840 |  |  | 168,540
Unsecured |  |  | 1,108 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 621 |  |  | 1,729 |  |  | 475,455 |  |  | 477,184
Real estate construction and land loans |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 123,393 |  |  | 123,393
Installment/consumer loans |  |  | 84 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 52 |  |  | 136 |  |  | 20,373 |  |  | 20,509
Total loans |  | $ | 3,780 |  | $ | 620 |  | $ | 308 |  | $ | 2,808 |  | $ | 7,516 |  | $ | 3,261,256 |  | $ | 3,268,772

Impaired Loans

At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had individually impaired loans as defined by FASB ASC No. 310, “Receivables” of $32.7 million and $19.4 million, respectively. The increase in impaired loans was primarily attributable to new troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs”), partially offset by the payoff of certain TDRs and other impaired loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Bank modified certain loans as TDRs totaling $20.3 million. For a loan to be considered impaired, management determines after review whether it is probable that the Bank will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Management applies its normal loan review procedures in making these judgments. Impaired loans include individually classified non-accrual loans and TDRs. At September 30, 2019, impaired loans also included $2.5 million in other impaired performing loans which were related to borrowers with other performing TDRs, two of which are being restructured as TDRs in the 2019 fourth quarter. At December 31, 2018, impaired loans also included $2.7 million in other impaired performing loans related to three taxi medallion loans which paid off in January 2019. For impaired loans, the Bank evaluates the impairment of the loan in accordance with FASB ASC 310‑10‑35‑22. Impairment is determined based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate. For loans that are collateral dependent, the fair value of the collateral is used to determine the fair value of the loan. The fair value of the collateral is determined based on recent appraised values. The fair value of the collateral or present value of expected cash flows is compared to the carrying value to determine if any write-down or specific loan loss allowance allocation is required. The increase in the allocated allowance on impaired loans from December 31, 2018, primarily relates to taxi medallion loans which were restructured as TDRs during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

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The following tables set forth the recorded investment, unpaid principal balance and related allowance by class of loans at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 for individually impaired loans. The tables also set forth the average recorded investment of individually impaired loans and interest income recognized while the loans were impaired during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2019
|  |  |  |  | Unpaid |  | Related |  | Average |  | Interest |  | Average |  | Interest
|  | Recorded |  | Principal |  | Allocated |  | Recorded |  | Income |  | Recorded |  | Income
(In thousands) |  | Investment |  | Balance |  | Allowance |  | Investment |  | Recognized |  | Investment |  | Recognized
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 8,828 |  | $ | 8,847 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 3,095 |  | $ | 28 |  | $ | 1,196 |  | $ | 28
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 2,332 |  |  | 2,332 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,344 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 2,096 |  |  | 75
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgages |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Home equity |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Commercial and industrial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Secured |  |  | 244 |  |  | 244 |  |  | — |  |  | 244 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 11
Unsecured |  |  | 9,330 |  |  | 9,330 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,836 |  |  | 125 |  |  | 5,851 |  |  | 274
Total with no related allowance recorded |  |  | 20,734 |  |  | 20,753 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,519 |  |  | 183 |  |  | 9,333 |  |  | 388
With an allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Non-owner occupied |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgages |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Home equity |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Commercial and industrial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Secured |  |  | 9,643 |  |  | 9,643 |  |  | 3,421 |  |  | 6,642 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 5,044 |  |  | 138
Unsecured |  |  | 2,332 |  |  | 2,332 |  |  | 1,268 |  |  | 2,340 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 1,707 |  |  | 61
Total with an allowance recorded |  |  | 11,975 |  |  | 11,975 |  |  | 4,689 |  |  | 8,982 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 6,751 |  |  | 199
Total: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  |  | 8,828 |  |  | 8,847 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,095 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 1,196 |  |  | 28
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 2,332 |  |  | 2,332 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,344 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 2,096 |  |  | 75
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgages |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Home equity |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Commercial and industrial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Secured |  |  | 9,887 |  |  | 9,887 |  |  | 3,421 |  |  | 6,886 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 5,234 |  |  | 149
Unsecured |  |  | 11,662 |  |  | 11,662 |  |  | 1,268 |  |  | 10,176 |  |  | 151 |  |  | 7,558 |  |  | 335
Total |  | $ | 32,709 |  | $ | 32,728 |  | $ | 4,689 |  | $ | 22,501 |  | $ | 270 |  | $ | 16,084 |  | $ | 587

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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | December 31, 2018 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2018
|  |  |  |  | Unpaid |  | Related |  | Average |  | Interest |  | Average |  | Interest
|  | Recorded |  | Principal |  | Allocated |  | Recorded |  | Income |  | Recorded |  | Income
(In thousands) |  | Investment |  | Balance |  | Allowance |  | Investment |  | Recognized |  | Investment |  | Recognized
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 268 |  | $ | 278 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 268 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 151 |  | $ | —
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 2,816 |  |  | 2,816 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,763 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 1,366 |  |  | 18
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgages |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Home equity |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Commercial and industrial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Secured |  |  | 8,234 |  |  | 8,234 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,086 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 8,130 |  |  | 171
Unsecured |  |  | 5,316 |  |  | 5,316 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,143 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 5,084 |  |  | 118
Total with no related allowance recorded |  |  | 16,634 |  |  | 16,644 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,260 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 14,731 |  |  | 307
With an allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Non-owner occupied |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgages |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Home equity |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Commercial and industrial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Secured |  |  | 2,721 |  |  | 2,721 |  |  | 189 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Unsecured |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Total with an allowance recorded |  |  | 2,721 |  |  | 2,721 |  |  | 189 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Total: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  |  | 268 |  |  | 278 |  |  | — |  |  | 268 |  |  | — |  |  | 151 |  |  | —
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 2,816 |  |  | 2,816 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,763 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 1,366 |  |  | 18
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgages |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Home equity |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Commercial and industrial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Secured |  |  | 10,955 |  |  | 10,955 |  |  | 189 |  |  | 8,086 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 8,130 |  |  | 171
Unsecured |  |  | 5,316 |  |  | 5,316 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,143 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 5,084 |  |  | 118
Total |  | $ | 19,355 |  | $ | 19,365 |  | $ | 189 |  | $ | 15,260 |  | $ | 109 |  | $ | 14,731 |  | $ | 307

There was no other real estate owned at September 30, 2019. At December 31, 2018, other real estate owned totaled $0.2 million and consisted of one property which was sold during the quarter ended June 30, 2019.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

The terms of certain loans were modified and are considered TDRs. The modification of the terms of such loans generally includes one or a combination of the following: a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan; an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk; or a permanent reduction of the recorded investment in the loan. The modification of these loans involved loans to borrowers who were experiencing financial difficulties.

In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed to determine if that borrower is currently in payment default under any of its obligations or whether there is a probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification.

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Bank modified seven commercial and industrial loans, including two taxi medallion loans, totaling $8.4 million, two commercial real estate mortgage loans totaling $7.4 million and one residential mortgage loan totaling $0.3 million as TDRs compared to one commercial real estate mortgage loan totaling $0.9 million and one residential mortgage loan totaling $0.6 million modified as TDRs during the three months ended September 30, 2018. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Bank modified twelve commercial and

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industrial loans, including five taxi medallion loans, totaling $12.6 million, two commercial real estate mortgage loans totaling $7.4 million and one residential mortgage loan totaling $0.3 million as TDRs compared to eight commercial and industrial loans totaling $6.9 million, one commercial real estate mortgage loan totaling $0.9 million and one residential mortgage loan totaling $0.6 million modified as TDRs during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. These modifications did not result in a change to the recorded investment of the loans.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, there were three charge-offs totaling $84 thousand relating to TDRs and there were three loans modified as a TDR for which there was a payment default within twelve months following the modification. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, there were no charge-offs relating to TDRs and there was one loan modified as a TDR for which there was a payment default within twelve months following the modification. A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 30 days contractually past due under the modified terms.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had $436 thousand and $133 thousand, respectively, of non-accrual TDRs and $31.0 million and $16.9 million, respectively, of performing TDRs. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, non-accrual TDRs were unsecured. The Bank has no commitment to lend additional funds to these debtors.

The terms of certain other loans were modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 that did not meet the definition of a TDR. These loans have a total recorded investment at September 30, 2019 of $53.6 million. These loans were to borrowers who were not experiencing financial difficulties.

Purchased Credit Impaired Loans

Loans acquired in a business combination are recorded at their fair value at the acquisition date. Credit discounts are included in the determination of fair value; therefore, an allowance for loan losses is not recorded at the acquisition date.

At the February 14, 2014 acquisition date, the purchased credit impaired (“PCI”) loans acquired as part of the First National Bank of New York (“FNBNY”) acquisition had contractually required principal and interest payments receivable of $40.3 million, expected cash flows of $28.4 million, and a fair value (initial carrying amount) of $21.8 million. The difference between the contractually required principal and interest payments receivable and the expected cash flows of $11.9 million represented the non-accretable difference. The difference between the expected cash flows and fair value of $6.6 million represented the initial accretable yield. At September 30, 2019, the contractually required principal and interest payments receivable and carrying amount of the PCI loans was $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, with a remaining non-accretable difference of $0.1 million. At December 31, 2018, the contractually required principal and interest payments receivable and carrying amount of the PCI loans was $1.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively, with a remaining non-accretable difference of $0.5 million.

At the June 19, 2015 acquisition date, the PCI loans acquired as part of the CNB acquisition had contractually required principal and interest payments receivable of $23.4 million, expected cash flows of $10.1 million, and a fair value (initial carrying amount) of $8.7 million. The difference between the contractually required principal and interest payments receivable and the expected cash flows of $13.3 million represented the non-accretable difference. The difference between the expected cash flows and fair value of $1.4 million represented the initial accretable yield. At September 30, 2019, the contractually required principal and interest payments receivable of the PCI loans was $0.6 million and the carrying amount was zero, with a remaining non-accretable difference of $0.5 million. At December 31, 2018, the contractually required principal and interest payments receivable and carrying amount of the PCI loans was $1.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively, with a remaining non-accretable difference of $0.8 million.

The following table summarizes the activity in the accretable yield for the PCI loans:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30, |  | September 30,
(In thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 96 |  | $ | 1,112 |  | $ | 460 |  | $ | 2,151
Accretion |  |  | (93) |  |  | (354) |  |  | (487) |  |  | (1,656)
Reclassification from (to) nonaccretable difference during the period |  |  | 76 |  |  | (172) |  |  | 106 |  |  | 91
Accretable discount at end of period |  | $ | 79 |  | $ | 586 |  | $ | 79 |  | $ | 586

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7. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES

The following tables represent the balance in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment, as defined under FASB ASC 310‑10, and based on impairment method as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The tables include loans acquired from CNB and FNBNY.

|  | September 30, 2019
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Residential |  | Commercial, |  | Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  |  |  |  | Real Estate |  | Industrial and |  | Construction |  | Installment/ |  |  |
|  | Real Estate |  | Multi-family |  | Mortgage |  | Agricultural |  | and Land |  | Consumer |  |
(In thousands) |  | Mortgage Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 4,689 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 4,689
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 11,929 |  |  | 2,990 |  |  | 1,908 |  |  | 9,392 |  |  | 998 |  |  | 267 |  |  | 27,484
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Total allowance for loan losses |  | $ | 11,929 |  | $ | 2,990 |  | $ | 1,908 |  | $ | 14,081 |  | $ | 998 |  | $ | 267 |  | $ | 32,173
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 11,160 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 21,549 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 32,709
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 1,508,647 |  |  | 673,909 |  |  | 497,504 |  |  | 646,400 |  |  | 116,463 |  |  | 24,998 |  |  | 3,467,921
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 338 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 338
Total loans |  | $ | 1,519,807 |  | $ | 673,909 |  | $ | 497,842 |  | $ | 667,949 |  | $ | 116,463 |  | $ | 24,998 |  | $ | 3,500,968

|  | December 31, 2018
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Residential |  | Commercial, |  | Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  |  |  |  | Real Estate |  | Industrial and |  | Construction |  | Installment/ |  |  |
|  | Real Estate |  | Multi-family |  | Mortgage |  | Agricultural |  | and Land |  | Consumer |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Mortgage Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 189 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 189
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 10,792 |  |  | 2,566 |  |  | 3,935 |  |  | 12,533 |  |  | 1,297 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 31,229
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Total allowance for loan losses |  | $ | 10,792 |  | $ | 2,566 |  | $ | 3,935 |  | $ | 12,722 |  | $ | 1,297 |  | $ | 106 |  | $ | 31,418
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 3,084 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 16,271 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 19,355
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 1,370,472 |  |  | 585,827 |  |  | 519,455 |  |  | 629,229 |  |  | 123,393 |  |  | 20,509 |  |  | 3,248,885
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 308 |  |  | 224 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 532
Total loans |  | $ | 1,373,556 |  | $ | 585,827 |  | $ | 519,763 |  | $ | 645,724 |  | $ | 123,393 |  | $ | 20,509 |  | $ | 3,268,772

The following tables represent the changes in the allowance for loan losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, by portfolio segment, as defined under FASB ASC 310‑10. The portfolio segments represent the categories that the Bank uses to determine its allowance for loan losses.

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Residential |  | Commercial, |  | Real Estate |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  |  |  |  | Real Estate |  | Industrial and |  | Construction |  | Installment/ |  |  |
|  | Real Estate |  | Multi-family |  | Mortgage |  | Agricultural |  | and Land |  | Consumer |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Mortgage Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 10,878 |  | $ | 2,545 |  | $ | 2,620 |  | $ | 13,558 |  | $ | 1,333 |  | $ | 237 |  | $ | 31,171
Charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9) |  |  | (9)
Recoveries |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | 11
Provision (Credit) |  |  | 1,051 |  |  | 445 |  |  | (713) |  |  | 523 |  |  | (335) |  |  | 29 |  |  | 1,000
Ending balance |  | $ | 11,929 |  | $ | 2,990 |  | $ | 1,908 |  | $ | 14,081 |  | $ | 998 |  | $ | 267 |  | $ | 32,173

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|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Residential |  | Commercial, |  | Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  |  |  |  | Real Estate |  | Industrial and |  | Construction |  | Installment/ |  |  |
|  | Real Estate |  | Multi-family |  | Mortgage |  | Agricultural |  | and Land |  | Consumer |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Mortgage Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 11,206 |  | $ | 2,466 |  | $ | 4,237 |  | $ | 12,358 |  | $ | 1,263 |  | $ | 122 |  | $ | 31,652
Charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | (4)
Recoveries |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 21
Provision (Credit) |  |  | 203 |  |  | 327 |  |  | 205 |  |  | (569) |  |  | 38 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 200
Ending balance |  | $ | 11,409 |  | $ | 2,793 |  | $ | 4,443 |  | $ | 11,808 |  | $ | 1,301 |  | $ | 115 |  | $ | 31,869

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Residential |  | Commercial, |  | Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  |  |  |  | Real Estate |  | Industrial and |  | Construction |  | Installment/ |  |  |
|  | Real Estate |  | Multi-family |  | Mortgage |  | Agricultural |  | and Land |  | Consumer |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Mortgage Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 10,792 |  | $ | 2,566 |  | $ | 3,935 |  | $ | 12,722 |  | $ | 1,297 |  | $ | 106 |  | $ | 31,418
Charge-offs |  |  | (3,670) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (796) |  |  | — |  |  | (13) |  |  | (4,479)
Recoveries |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 112 |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | 134
Provision (Credit) |  |  | 4,807 |  |  | 424 |  |  | (2,139) |  |  | 2,143 |  |  | (299) |  |  | 164 |  |  | 5,100
Ending balance |  | $ | 11,929 |  | $ | 2,990 |  | $ | 1,908 |  | $ | 14,081 |  | $ | 998 |  | $ | 267 |  | $ | 32,173

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Residential |  | Commercial, |  | Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  |  |  |  | Real Estate |  | Industrial and |  | Construction |  | Installment/ |  |  |
|  | Real Estate |  | Multi-family |  | Mortgage |  | Agricultural |  | and Land |  | Consumer |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Mortgage Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Loans |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 11,048 |  | $ | 4,521 |  | $ | 2,438 |  | $ | 12,838 |  | $ | 740 |  | $ | 122 |  | $ | 31,707
Charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (24) |  |  | (1,708) |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | (1,736)
Recoveries |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 494 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 498
Provision (Credit) |  |  | 361 |  |  | (1,728) |  |  | 2,027 |  |  | 184 |  |  | 561 |  |  | (5) |  |  | 1,400
Ending balance |  | $ | 11,409 |  | $ | 2,793 |  | $ | 4,443 |  | $ | 11,808 |  | $ | 1,301 |  | $ | 115 |  | $ | 31,869

8. PENSION AND POSTRETIREMENT PLANS

The Bank maintains a noncontributory pension plan (the “Pension Plan”) covering all eligible employees. The Bank uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan in accordance with FASB ASC 715‑30 “Compensation – Retirement Benefits – Defined Benefit Plans – Pension.” During 2012, the Company amended the Pension Plan by revising the formula for determining benefits effective January 1, 2013, except for certain grandfathered employees. Additionally, new employees hired on or after October 1, 2012 are not eligible for the Pension Plan.

During 2001, the Bank adopted the Bridgehampton National Bank Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“SERP”). As recommended by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors and approved by the full Board of Directors, the SERP provides benefits to certain employees, whose benefits under the Pension Plan are limited by the applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. The benefit under the SERP is equal to the additional amount the employee would be entitled to under the Pension Plan and the 401(k) Plan in the absence of such Internal Revenue Code limitations. The assets of the SERP are held in a rabbi trust to maintain the tax-deferred status of the plan and are subject to the general, unsecured creditors of the Company. As a result, the assets of the rabbi trust are reflected on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

There were zero and $1.7 million of contributions to the Pension Plan during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. There were no contributions to the SERP during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. In accordance with the SERP, a retired executive received a distribution totaling $84 thousand during each of the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The Company's funding policy with respect to its benefit plans is to contribute at least the minimum amounts required by applicable laws and regulations.

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The following table presents the components of net periodic benefit (credit) cost:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | Pension Benefits |  | SERP Benefits |  | Pension Benefits |  | SERP Benefits
(In thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost |  | $ | 273 |  | $ | 325 |  | $ | 65 |  | $ | 73 |  | $ | 818 |  | $ | 975 |  | $ | 196 |  | $ | 218
Interest cost |  |  | 225 |  |  | 198 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 675 |  |  | 593 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 95
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (608) |  |  | (626) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,823) |  |  | (1,876) |  |  | — |  |  | —
Amortization of net loss |  |  | 130 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 390 |  |  | 248 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 91
Amortization of prior service credit |  |  | (20) |  |  | (20) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (58) |  |  | (58) |  |  | — |  |  | —
Amortization of transition obligation |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3
Net periodic benefit (credit) cost |  | $ | — |  | $ | (40) |  | $ | 120 |  | $ | 136 |  | $ | 2 |  | $ | (118) |  | $ | 359 |  | $ | 407

9. SECURITIES SOLD UNDER AGREEMENTS TO REPURCHASE

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase totaled $1.0 million at September 30, 2019 and $0.5 million at December 31, 2018. The repurchase agreements were collateralized by investment securities, of which 17% were U.S. GSE residential collateralized mortgage obligations and 83% were U.S. GSE residential mortgage-backed securities with a carrying amount of $2.2 million at September 30, 2019 and 18% were U.S. GSE residential collateralized mortgage obligations and 82% were U.S. GSE residential mortgage-backed securities with a carrying amount of $2.4 million at December 31, 2018.

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are financing arrangements with $1.0 million maturing during the fourth quarter of 2019. At maturity, the securities underlying the agreements are returned to the Company. The primary risk associated with these secured borrowings is the requirement to pledge a market value-based balance of collateral in excess of the borrowed amount. The excess collateral pledged represents an unsecured exposure to the lending counterparty. As the market value of the collateral changes, both through changes in discount rates and spreads as well as related cash flows, additional collateral may need to be pledged. In accordance with the Company's policies, eligible counterparties are defined and monitored to minimize exposure.

10. FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK ADVANCES

The following tables present the contractual maturities and weighted average interest rates of FHLB advances for each of the next five years. There are no FHLB advances with contractual maturities after 2019.

|  | September 30, 2019 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  | Weighted |
Contractual Maturity |  | Amount |  | Average Rate |
Overnight |  | $ | 47,000 |  | 2.10 | %
2019 |  |  | 290,000 |  | 2.14 |
Total FHLB advances |  | $ | 337,000 |  | 2.13 | %

|  | December 31, 2018 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  | Weighted |
Contractual Maturity |  | Amount |  | Average Rate |
Overnight |  | $ | — |  | — | %
2019 |  |  | 240,433 |  | 2.72 |
Total FHLB advances |  | $ | 240,433 |  | 2.72 | %

Each advance is payable at its maturity date, with a prepayment penalty for fixed rate advances. The advances were collateralized by $1.4 billion and $1.3 billion of residential and commercial mortgage loans under a blanket lien arrangement at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Based on this collateral and the Company's holdings of FHLB stock, the Company is eligible to borrow up to a total of $1.4 billion at September 30, 2019.

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11. SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES

In September 2015, the Company issued $80.0 million in aggregate principal amount of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated debentures. $40.0 million of the subordinated debentures are callable at par after five years, have a stated maturity of September 30, 2025 and bear interest at a fixed annual rate of 5.25% per year, from and including September 21, 2015 until but excluding September 30, 2020. From and including September 30, 2020 to the maturity date or early redemption date, the interest rate will reset quarterly to an annual interest rate equal to the then-current three-month LIBOR plus 360 basis points. The remaining $40.0 million of the subordinated debentures are callable at par after ten years, have a stated maturity of September 30, 2030 and bear interest at a fixed annual rate of 5.75% per year, from and including September 21, 2015 until but excluding September 30, 2025. From and including September 30, 2025 to the maturity date or early redemption date, the interest rate will reset quarterly to an annual interest rate equal to the then-current three-month LIBOR plus 345 basis points. The subordinated debentures totaled $78.9 million at September 30, 2019 and $78.8 million at December 31, 2018.

The subordinated debentures are included in tier 2 capital (with certain limitations applicable) under current regulatory guidelines and interpretations.

12. DERIVATIVES

As described in Note 16, Recent Accounting Pronouncements, during the first quarter of 2019 the Company adopted ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging: Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The purpose of this updated guidance is to better align a company’s financial reporting for hedging activities with the economic objectives of those activities. ASU 2017-12 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption, including adoption in an interim period, permitted. ASU 2017-12 requires a modified retrospective transition method in which the Company will recognize the cumulative effect of the change on the opening balance of each affected component of equity in the statement of financial position as of the date of adoption. The Company has adopted the standard in 2019 with minimal impact to its financial position upon transition.

The Alternative Reference Rates Committee ("ARRC") has proposed that the Secured Overnight Funding Rate ("SOFR") replace USD-LIBOR. ARRC has proposed that the transition to SOFR from USD-LIBOR will take place by the end of 2021. The Company has material contracts that are indexed to USD-LIBOR. Industry organizations are currently working on the transition plan. The Company is currently monitoring this activity and evaluating the risks involved.

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

As part of its asset liability management, the Company utilizes interest rate swap agreements to help manage its interest rate risk position. The notional amount of the interest rate swap does not represent the amount exchanged by the parties. The amount exchanged is determined by reference to the notional amount and the other terms of the individual interest rate swap agreements.

Interest rate swaps with notional amounts totaling $290.0 million and $240.0 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, were designated as cash flow hedges of certain FHLB advances. The swaps were determined to be fully effective during the periods presented. The aggregate fair value of the swaps is recorded in other assets or other liabilities, with changes in fair value recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). The amount included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) would be reclassified to current earnings should the hedges no longer be considered effective. The Company expects the hedges to remain fully effective during the remaining term of the swaps.

The following table summarizes information about the interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | September 30, 2019 |  |  | December 31, 2018 |
Notional amounts |  | $ | 290,000 |  |  | $ | 240,000 |
Weighted average pay rates |  |  | 1.69 | % |  |  | 1.84 | %
Weighted average receive rates |  |  | 2.12 | % |  |  | 2.77 | %
Weighted average maturity |  |  | 3.16 | years |  |  | 2.03 | years

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Interest income recorded on these swap transactions totaled $331 thousand and $1.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, and interest income recorded on these swap transactions totaled $374 thousand and $653 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 which is reported as a component of interest expense on FHLB advances. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest income/expense as interest payments are made/received on the Company's variable-rate assets/liabilities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company had $1.4 million of reclassifications as a reduction to interest expense. During the next twelve months, the Company estimates that $78 thousand will be reclassified as a decrease in interest expense.

The following table presents the net gains (losses) recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and the consolidated statements of income relating to the cash flow derivative instruments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

|  |  |  |  |  |  | Amount of gain |  | Amount of gain
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | reclassified from |  |  | reclassified from
|  | Amount of (loss) gain |  | Amount of (loss) gain |  | Accumulated OCI |  | Accumulated OCI
(In thousands) |  | recognized in OCI |  | recognized in OCI |  | into income |  | into income
Interest rate contracts |  | included component |  | excluded component |  | included component |  | excluded component
Three months ended September 30, 2019 |  | $ | (657) |  | $ | — |  | $ | 331 |  | $ | —
Nine months ended September 30, 2019 |  | $ | (5,360) |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,353 |  | $ | —
Three months ended September 30, 2018 |  | $ | 584 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 374 |  | $ | —
Nine months ended September 30, 2018 |  | $ | 4,431 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 653 |  | $ | —

The following table reflects the cash flow hedges included in the consolidated balance sheets at the dates indicated:

|  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
|  |  |  | Fair |  | Fair |  |  |  |  | Fair |  | Fair
(In thousands) |  | Notional |  | Value |  | Value |  | Notional |  | Value |  | Value
Included in other assets/(liabilities): |  | Amount |  | Asset |  | Liability |  | Amount |  | Asset |  | Liability
Interest rate swaps related to FHLB advances |  | $ | 240,000 |  | $ | 595 |  | $ | (1,439) |  | $ | 240,000 |  | $ | 4,239 |  | $ | (4)
Forward starting interest rate swaps related to FHLB advances |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,818) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —

Non-Designated Hedges

Derivatives not designated as hedges may be used to manage the Company's exposure to interest rate movements or to provide service to customers but do not meet the requirements for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP. The Company executes interest rate swaps with commercial lending customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. These interest rate swaps with customers are simultaneously offset by interest rate swaps that the Company executes with a third party in order to minimize the net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. These interest-rate swap agreements do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, and therefore changes in fair value are reported in current period earnings.

The following table presents summary information about the interest rate swaps at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | September 30, 2019 |  |  | December 31, 2018 |
Notional amounts |  | $ | 465,764 |  |  | $ | 193,401 |
Weighted average pay rates |  |  | 4.06 | % |  |  | 4.52 | %
Weighted average receive rates |  |  | 4.06 | % |  |  | 4.52 | %
Weighted average maturity |  |  | 10.96 | years |  |  | 12.25 | years
Fair value of combined interest rate swaps |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

Credit-Risk-Related Contingent Features

As of September 30, 2019, the termination value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, related to these agreements was $21.4 million, while there were no

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derivatives in a net asset position. The Company has minimum collateral posting thresholds with certain of its derivative counterparties. If the termination value of derivatives is a net asset position, the counterparty is required to post collateral against its obligations to the Company under the agreements. However, if the termination value of derivatives is a net liability position, the Company is required to post collateral to the counterparty. At September 30, 2019, the Company posted collateral of $20.2 million to its counterparties under the agreements in a net liability position and received no collateral from its counterparties under the agreements in a net asset position. If the Company had breached any of these provisions at September 30, 2019, it could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at the termination value.

13. LEASES

The Company has operating leases for certain branch locations, corporate offices and equipment. Certain leases contain rent escalation clauses, which are reflected in the Company’s operating lease liabilities. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees, restrictions or covenants.

The components of lease cost were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands) |  | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2019
Lease cost |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease cost |  | $ | 1,679 |  | $ | 5,030
Sublease income |  |  | (32) |  |  | (71)
Total lease cost |  | $ | 1,647 |  | $ | 4,959

The Company reports lease cost in occupancy and equipment expense in the consolidated statements of income. The Company subleases a portion of its leased properties to commercial sublessees. Sublease income is included in other operating income in the consolidated statements of income.

Supplemental cash flow and balance sheet information related to operating leases were as follows:

|  | Nine Months Ended |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | September 30, 2019 |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases |  | $ | 5,180 |
Operating right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities |  | $ | 39,825 |

|  | September 30, 2019 |
Weighted-average remaining lease term-operating leases |  |  | 8.1 | years
Weighted-average discount rate-operating leases (1) |  |  | 3.41 | %

| 1) |  | The Company computes the present value of operating lease liabilities using its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

Certain leases contain renewal options which are not reflected in the tables below. The exercise of renewal options, which extend the lease term from five to ten years, is at the Company’s discretion.

The maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows:

(In thousands) |  | September 30, 2019
2019 |  | $ | 1,550
2020 |  |  | 6,046
2021 |  |  | 5,946
2022 |  |  | 5,742
2023 |  |  | 4,759
Thereafter |  |  | 21,124
Total operating lease payments |  | $ | 45,167
Less: Interest |  |  | (6,103)
Present value of operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 39,064

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(In thousands) |  | December 31, 2018
2019 |  | $ | 7,248
2020 |  |  | 6,504
2021 |  |  | 6,185
2022 |  |  | 5,903
2023 |  |  | 4,695
Thereafter |  |  | 18,687
Total operating lease payments |  | $ | 49,222

14. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

The following table summarizes the components of other comprehensive income (loss) and related income tax effects:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30, |  | September 30, |  | September 30, |  | September 30,
(In thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on available for sale securities |  | $ | 2,227 |  | $ | (4,319) |  | $ | 16,247 |  | $ | (17,137)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses realized in income |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (201) |  |  | 7,921
Income tax effect |  |  | (649) |  |  | 1,256 |  |  | (4,679) |  |  | 2,681
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities |  |  | 1,578 |  |  | (3,063) |  |  | 11,367 |  |  | (6,535)
Reclassification adjustment for amortization realized in income |  |  | 128 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 385 |  |  | 284
Income tax effect |  |  | (37) |  |  | (27) |  |  | (113) |  |  | (82)
Net change in post-retirement obligation |  |  | 91 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 202
Change in fair value of derivatives used for cash flow hedges |  |  | (657) |  |  | 584 |  |  | (5,360) |  |  | 4,431
Reclassification adjustment for gains realized in income |  |  | (331) |  |  | (374) |  |  | (1,353) |  |  | (653)
Income tax effect |  |  | 288 |  |  | (61) |  |  | 1,958 |  |  | (1,099)
Net change in unrealized (losses) gains on cash flow hedges |  |  | (700) |  |  | 149 |  |  | (4,755) |  |  | 2,679
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | 969 |  | $ | (2,847) |  | $ | 6,884 |  | $ | (3,654)

The following is a summary of the accumulated other comprehensive loss balances, net of income taxes, at the dates indicated:

|  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |
|  | December 31, |  | Comprehensive |  |  | September 30,
(In thousands) |  | 2018 |  | Income |  |  | 2019
Unrealized (losses) gains on available for sale securities |  | $ | (11,685) |  | $ | 11,367 |  | $ | (318)
Unrealized (losses) gains on pension benefits |  |  | (6,365) |  |  | 272 |  |  | (6,093)
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges |  |  | 2,938 |  |  | (4,755) |  |  | (1,817)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) gain, net of income taxes |  | $ | (15,112) |  | $ | 6,884 |  | $ | (8,228)

The following represents the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |  | Affected Line Item
|  | September 30, |  | September 30, |  | September 30, |  | September 30, |  | in the Consolidated
(In thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Statements of Income
Realized gains (losses) on sale of available for sale securities |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 201 |  | $ | (7,921) |  | Net securities gains (losses)
Amortization of defined benefit pension plan and defined benefit plan component of the SERP: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior service credit |  |  | 20 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 58 |  | Other operating expenses
Transition obligation |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  | Other operating expenses
Actuarial losses |  |  | (148) |  |  | (113) |  |  | (443) |  |  | (339) |  | Other operating expenses
Realized gains on cash flow hedges |  |  | 331 |  |  | 374 |  |  | 1,353 |  |  | 653 |  | Interest expense
Total reclassifications, before income tax |  | $ | 203 |  | $ | 280 |  | $ | 1,169 |  | $ | (7,552) |  |
Income tax (expense) benefit |  |  | (59) |  |  | (81) |  |  | (341) |  |  | 2,197 |  | Income tax expense
Total reclassifications, net of income tax |  | $ | 144 |  | $ | 199 |  | $ | 828 |  | $ | (5,355) |  |

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15. FRAUD LOSS

The Company incurred a pre-tax charge of $9.5 million in the quarter ended September 30, 2018 relating to the fraudulent conduct of a business customer through its deposit accounts at the Bank. The Company is working with the appropriate law enforcement authorities in connection with this matter. The customer has filed a petition pursuant to Chapter 11 of the bankruptcy code. The Company has put its insurance carrier on notice of a claim for the loss, but the extent and amount of coverage is not yet certain.

16. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Standards Effective in 2019

ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842)

In February 2016, the FASB amended existing guidance that requires lessees recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date (1) a lease liability, which is a lessee's obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (2) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee's right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Under the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. The new guidance also requires enhanced disclosure about an entity’s leasing arrangements. The Company adopted Topic 842 using the transition approach of applying the new leases standard at the beginning of the period of adoption on January 1, 2019. The new guidance includes a number of optional transition-related practical expedients that must be elected as a package and applied by a reporting entity to all of its leases consistently. The Company has elected to apply the package of practical expedients to all of its existing leases, which among other things, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification as operating leases in accordance with previous GAAP. The effect of adopting this standard in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets was a $39 million increase in operating right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities as of January 1, 2019. Refer to Note 13. “Leases” for further details of Leases.

ASU 2017‑12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities

In August 2017, the FASB provided guidance to improve the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity's risk management activities in its financial statements. The amendments also simplify the application of the hedge accounting guidance. The amendments in the ASU better align an entity's risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes in both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. The amendments expand and refine hedge accounting for both nonfinancial and financial risk components and align the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. All transition requirements and elections should be applied to hedging relationships existing on the date of adoption. The effect of adoption should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. For cash flow and net investment hedges existing at the date of adoption, an entity shall apply a cumulative-effect adjustment related to eliminating the separate measurement of ineffectiveness to accumulated other comprehensive income with a corresponding adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year that an entity adopts the amendments in this ASU. The amended presentation and disclosure guidance is required only prospectively. The adoption of this standard did not have an effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Standards Effective in 2020

ASU 2016‑13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326)

In June 2016, FASB issued guidance to replace the incurred loss model with an expected loss model, which is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model. The CECL model is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables, held to maturity debt securities. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in certain leases recognized by a lessor. In addition, the amendments in this ASU require credit losses be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down on available-for-

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sale debt securities. For public business entities that meet the definition of an SEC filer, like the Company, the standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For calendar year-end SEC filers, like the Company, the standard is effective for March 31, 2020 interim financial statements. For debt securities with other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”), the guidance will be applied prospectively. Existing PCI assets will be grandfathered and classified as purchase credit deteriorated (“PCD”) assets at the date of adoption. The asset will be grossed up for the allowance for expected credit losses for all PCD assets at the date of adoption and will continue to recognize the noncredit discount in interest income based on the yield of such assets as of the adoption date. Subsequent changes in expected credit losses will be recorded through the allowance. For all other assets within the scope of CECL, a cumulative-effect adjustment will be recognized in retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The Company has a cross-functional CECL committee that has assessed data and system needs and is implementing required changes to loss estimation methods under the CECL model. The Company has engaged various third parties to assist in the development of models that it will utilize to calculate CECL estimates, model validation and overall CECL implementation preparedness. The Company expects to review and validate preliminary CECL estimates during the fourth quarter of 2019, based on the current loan portfolio composition and expectations for future economic conditions. The Company plans to adopt ASU 2016‑13 in the first quarter of 2020 using the required modified retrospective method with a cumulative effect adjustment to the allowance for loan losses as of the beginning of the reporting period. The impact of adoption will be significantly influenced by the composition, characteristics and quality of the loans and securities portfolios, as well as the prevailing economic conditions and forecasts as of the adoption date.

ASU 2017‑04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment

In January 2017, the FASB amended existing guidance to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The amendments require an entity to perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognizing an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax-deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The amendments also eliminate the requirement for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. The amendments are effective for public business entities that are an SEC filer, like the Company, for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The amendments should be applied prospectively. An entity is required to disclose the nature of and reason for the change in accounting principle upon transition in the first annual period when the entity initially adopts the amendments. The adoption of ASU 2017‑04 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2018‑15, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15 to align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). The amendments in this ASU are effective for public business entities, like the Company, for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of the amendments in this ASU is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. The amendments in this ASU should be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The adoption of ASU 2018‑15 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless otherwise mentioned, the terms the “Company”, “we”, “us” and “our” refer to Bridge Bancorp, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, BNB Bank (the “Bank”). We use the term “Holding Company” to refer solely to Bridge Bancorp, Inc. and not to its consolidated subsidiary.

Private Securities Litigation Reform Act Safe Harbor Statement

This report may contain statements relating to our future results (including certain projections and business trends) that are considered “forward-looking statements” as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “PSLRA”). Such forward-looking statements, in addition to historical information, which involve risk and uncertainties, are based on the beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our management. Words such as “expects,” “believes,” “should,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “will,” “potential,” “could,” “intend,” “may,” “outlook,” “predict,” “project,” “would,” “estimated,” “assumes,” “likely,” and variations of such similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, possible or assumed estimates with respect to the financial condition, expected or anticipated revenue, and results of operations and our business, including earnings growth; revenue growth in retail banking, lending and other areas; origination volume in the consumer, commercial and other lending businesses; current and future capital management programs; non-interest income levels, including fees from the title insurance subsidiary and banking services as well as product sales; tangible capital generation; market share; expense levels; and other business operations and strategies. We claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the PSLRA.

Factors that could cause future results to vary from current management expectations include, but are not limited to, changing economic conditions; legislative and regulatory changes, including increases in FDIC insurance rates; monetary and fiscal policies of the federal government; changes in tax policies; rates and regulations of federal, state and local tax authorities; changes in interest rates; deposit flows; the cost of funds; demand for loan products; demand for financial services; competition; our ability to successfully integrate acquired entities; changes in the quality and composition of our loan and investment portfolios; changes in management's business strategies; changes in accounting principles, policies or guidelines; changes in real estate values; expanded regulatory requirements, which could adversely affect operating results; and the “Risk Factors” discussed in the our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2018 as updated by our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. The forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this report, and we assume no obligation to update the forward-looking statements or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those projected in the forward-looking statements.

Overview

Who We Are and How We Generate Income

Bridge Bancorp, Inc., a New York corporation, is a bank holding company formed in 1989. On a parent-only basis, the Holding Company has had minimal results of operations. The Holding Company is dependent on dividends from its wholly-owned subsidiary, BNB Bank, its own earnings, additional capital raised, and borrowings as sources of funds. The information in this report reflects principally the financial condition and results of operations of the Bank. The Bank's results of operations are primarily dependent on its net interest income, which is the difference between interest income on loans and investments and interest expense on deposits and borrowings. The Bank also generates non-interest income, such as fee income on deposit accounts and merchant credit and debit card processing programs, investment services, income from its title insurance subsidiary, and net gains on sales of securities and loans. The level of non-interest expenses, such as salaries and benefits, occupancy and equipment costs, other general and administrative expenses, expenses from the Bank’s title insurance subsidiary, and income tax expense, further affects our net income. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts and the related discussion and analysis to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications did not have an impact on net income or total stockholders' equity.

Our Principal Products and Services and Locations of Operations

The Bank was established in 1910 and is headquartered in Bridgehampton, New York. We operate 40 branch locations in the primary market areas of Suffolk and Nassau Counties on Long Island and the New York City boroughs, including 36

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in Suffolk and Nassau Counties, two in Queens and two in Manhattan. For over a century, we have maintained our focus on building customer relationships in its market area. Our mission is to grow through the provision of exceptional service to our customers, our employees, and the community. We strive to achieve excellence in financial performance and build long-term shareholder value. We engage in full service commercial and consumer banking business, including accepting time, savings and demand deposits from the consumers, businesses and local municipalities in our market area. These deposits, together with funds generated from operations and borrowings, are invested primarily in: (1) commercial real estate loans; (2) multi-family mortgage loans; (3) residential mortgage loans; (4) secured and unsecured commercial and consumer loans; (5) home equity loans; (6) construction and land loans; (7) Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and other asset backed securities; (8) New York State and local municipal obligations; (9) U.S. government-sponsored enterprise (“U.S. GSE”) securities; and (10) corporate bonds. We also offer the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (“CDARS”) and Insured Cash Sweep (“ICS”) programs, providing multi-millions of dollars of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance on deposits to our customers. In addition, we offer merchant credit and debit card processing, automated teller machines, cash management services, lockbox processing, online banking services, remote deposit capture, safe deposit boxes, and individual retirement accounts as well as investment services through Bridge Financial Services LLC, which offers a full range of investment products and services through a third-party broker dealer. Through its title insurance abstract subsidiary, the Bank acts as a broker for title insurance services. Our customer base is comprised principally of small businesses, municipal relationships and consumer relationships.

Quarterly Highlights

| · |  | Net income for the 2019 third quarter of $13.9 million, or $0.70 per diluted share, compared to $6.5 million, or $0.33 per diluted share for the 2018 third quarter, inclusive of pre-tax charge of $9.5 million, or $0.37 per diluted share after tax, related to the fraudulent conduct of a business customer through its deposit accounts at BNB in the 2018 period.

| · |  | Net interest income increased to $36.7 million for the third quarter of 2019 compared to $34.2 million in 2018.

| · |  | Tax-equivalent net interest margin was 3.40% for the third quarter of 2019 compared to 3.32% for the 2018 period.

| · |  | Total assets of $4.7 billion at September 30, 2019, increased $35.3 million compared to December 31, 2018 and increased $287.3 million compared to September 30, 2018.

| · |  | Total loans held for investment at September 30, 2019 totaled $3.5 billion, an increase of $232.5 million, or 7.1%, from December 31, 2018 and an increase of $310.9 million, or 9.7%, over September 30, 2018.

| · |  | Total deposits of $3.7 billion at September 30, 2019, decreased $143.1 million from December 31, 2018 and increased $124.1 million compared to September 30, 2018.

| · |  | Allowance for loan losses was 0.92% of loans at September 30, 2019 compared to 0.96% at December 31, 2018.

| · |  | A cash dividend of $0.23 per share was declared in October 2019 for the third quarter.

Challenges and Opportunities

Interest rates have been at or near historic lows for an extended period of time. Growth and service strategies have the potential to offset the compression on the net interest margin with volume as the customer base grows through expanding our banking footprint, while maintaining and developing existing relationships. Since 2010, we have opened fifteen Bank branches, including one in November 2018 in Melville, New York. We have also grown the Bank through acquisitions including the June 2015 acquisition of Community National Bank (“CNB”), the February 2014 acquisition of First National Bank of New York (“FNBNY”), and the May 2011 acquisition of Hamptons State Bank (“HSB”). We will continue to seek opportunities to expand our reach into other contiguous markets by network expansion, or through the addition of professionals with established customer relationships. Recent and pending acquisitions of local competitors may also provide additional growth opportunities.

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We continue to face challenges associated with ever-increasing banking regulations and the current low interest rate environment. A prolonged inverted or flat yield curve presents a challenge to a bank, like us, that derives most of its revenue from net interest margin. A sustained decrease in market interest rates could adversely affect our earnings. When interest rates decline, borrowers tend to refinance higher-rate, fixed-rate loans at lower rates. In addition, the majority of our loans are at variable interest rates, which would adjust to lower rates. However, with the Federal Reserve having cut interest rates during the 2019 third quarter, we have an opportunity to lower our funding costs and stabilize our net interest margin.

We established five strategic objectives to achieve our vision: (1) acquire new customers in growth markets; (2) build new sales and marketing disciplines; (3) deepen customer relationships; (4) expand use of automation; and (5) improve talent management. We believe there remain opportunities to grow our franchise and that continued investments to generate core funding, quality loans and new sources of revenue remain keys to continue creating long-term shareholder value. Our ability to attract, retain, train and cultivate employees at all levels of our Company remains significant to meeting our corporate objectives. In particular, we are focused on expanding and retaining our loan team as we continue to grow the loan portfolio. We have capitalized on opportunities presented by the market and diligently seek opportunities to grow and strengthen the franchise. We recognize the potential risks of the current economic environment and will monitor the impact of market events as we evaluate loans and investments and consider growth initiatives. Our management and Board of Directors have built a solid foundation for growth, and we are positioned to adapt to anticipated changes in the industry resulting from new regulations and legislative initiatives.

Critical Accounting Policies

Allowance for Loan Losses

We consider the allowance for loan losses accounting policy to be the most critical and requires complex management judgment. The judgments made regarding the allowance for loan losses can have a material effect on our results of operations.

The allowance for loan losses is established and maintained through a provision for loan losses based on probable incurred losses in our loan portfolio. We evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses on a quarterly basis. The allowance is comprised of both individual valuation allowances and loan pool valuation allowances. We monitor our entire loan portfolio on a regular basis, with consideration given to detailed analysis of classified loans, repayment patterns, probable incurred losses, past loss experience, current economic conditions, and various types of concentrations of credit. Additions to the allowance are charged to expense and realized losses, net of recoveries, are charged to the allowance.

Individual valuation allowances are established in connection with specific loan reviews and the asset classification process including the procedures for impairment testing under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) No. 310, “Receivables”. Such valuation, which includes a review of loans for which full collectability in accordance with contractual terms is not reasonably assured, considers the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral less the costs to sell, if any, or the present value of expected future cash flows, or the loan’s observable market value. Any shortfall that exists from this analysis results in a specific allowance for the loan. Pursuant to our policy, loan losses must be charged-off in the period the loans, or portions thereof, are deemed uncollectable. Assumptions and judgments by management, in conjunction with outside sources, are used to determine whether full collectability of a loan is not reasonably assured. These assumptions and judgments are also used to determine the estimates of the fair value of the underlying collateral or the present value of expected future cash flows or the loan’s observable market value. Individual loan analyses are periodically performed on specific loans considered impaired. Individual valuation allowances could differ materially as a result of changes in these assumptions and judgments. The results of the individual valuation allowances are aggregated and included in the overall allowance for loan losses.

Loan pool valuation allowances represent loss allowances that have been established to recognize the inherent risks associated with our lending activities, but which, unlike individual allowances, have not been allocated to particular problem assets. Pool evaluations are broken down into loans with homogenous characteristics by loan type and include commercial real estate mortgages, owner and non-owner occupied; multi-family mortgage loans; residential real estate mortgages, home equity loans; commercial, industrial and agricultural loans, secured and unsecured; real estate construction and land loans; and consumer loans. We consider a variety of factors in determining the adequacy of the

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valuation allowance and have developed a range of valuation allowances necessary to adequately provide for probable incurred losses in each pool of loans. We consider our charge-off history along with the growth in the portfolio as well as our credit administration and asset management philosophies and procedures when determining the allowances for each pool. In addition, we evaluate and consider credit risk ratings, which includes our evaluation of: cash flow, collateral, guarantor support, financial disclosures, industry trends and strength of borrowers’ management, the impact that economic and market conditions may have on the portfolio as well as known and inherent risks in the portfolio. Finally, we evaluate and consider the allowance ratios and coverage percentages of both peer group and regulatory agency data. These evaluations are inherently subjective because, even though they are based on objective data, it is our interpretation of that data that determines the amount of the appropriate allowance. If our evaluations prove to be incorrect, the allowance for loan losses may not be sufficient to cover losses inherent in the loan portfolio, resulting in additions to the allowance for loan losses.

For Purchased Credit Impaired (“PCI”) loans, a valuation allowance is established when it is probable that we will be unable to collect all the cash flows expected at acquisition plus additional cash flows expected to be collected arising from changes in estimate after acquisition. A specific allowance is established when subsequent evaluations of expected cash flows from PCI loans reflect a decrease in those estimates. The allowance established represents the excess of the recorded investment in those loans over the present value of the currently estimated future cash flow, discounted at the last effective accounting yield.

We use assumptions and methodologies that are relevant to estimating the level of impairment and probable losses in the loan portfolio. To the extent that the data supporting such assumptions has limitations, management's judgment and experience play a key role in recording the allowance estimates. Additions to the allowance for loan losses are made by provisions charged to earnings. Furthermore, an improvement in the expected cash flows related to PCI loans would result in a reduction of the required specific allowance with a corresponding credit to the provision.

The Credit Risk Management Committee (“CRMC”) is comprised of management. The adequacy of the allowance is analyzed quarterly, with any adjustment to a level deemed appropriate by the CRMC, based on its risk assessment of the entire portfolio. Each quarter, members of the CRMC meet with the Credit Risk Committee of our Board of Directors to review credit risk trends and the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. Based on the CRMC’s review of the classified loans, delinquency and charge-off trends, and the overall allowance levels as they relate to the entire loan portfolio at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we believe the allowance for loan losses has been established at levels sufficient to cover the probable incurred losses in our loan portfolio. Future additions or reductions to the allowance may be necessary based on changes in economic, market or other conditions. Changes in estimates could result in a material change in the allowance. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of the examination process, periodically review the allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require us to recognize adjustments to the allowance based on their judgments of the information available to them at the time of their examination.

For additional information regarding the allowance for loan losses, see Note 7 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Net Income

Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was $13.9 million and $0.70 per diluted share as compared to $6.5 million and $0.33 per diluted share for the same period in 2018. Changes in net income for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018 include: (i) a $2.5 million, or 7.3%, increase in net interest income; (ii) a $0.8 million, or 400.0%, increase in the provision for loan losses; (iii) a $1.3 million, or 27.0%, increase in non-interest income; (iv) a $6.8 million, or 21.9%, decrease in non-interest expense; and (v) a $2.5 million, or 178.9%, increase in income tax expense.

Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $37.5 million and $1.88 per diluted share as compared to $25.4 million and $1.28 per diluted share for the same period in 2018. Changes in net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018 include: (i) a $3.9 million, or 3.8%, increase in net interest income; (ii) a $3.7 million, or 264.3%, increase in the provision for loan losses; (iii) a $10.5 million, or 162.8%, increase in non-interest income; (iv) a $5.3 million, or 7.0%, decrease in non-interest expense; and (v) a $3.9 million, or 61.7%, increase in income tax expense.

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Net Interest Income

Net interest income, the primary contributor to earnings, represents the difference between income on interest-earning assets and expenses on interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest income depends on the volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and the interest rates earned or paid on them.

The following tables present certain information relating to our average consolidated balance sheets and our consolidated statements of income for the periods indicated and reflects the average yield on assets and average cost of liabilities for those periods on a tax-equivalent basis based on the U.S. federal statutory tax rate. Such yields and costs are derived by dividing income or expense by the average balance of assets or liabilities, respectively, for the periods shown. Average balances are derived from daily average balances and include non-accrual loans. The yields and costs include fees and costs, which are considered adjustments to yields. Interest on non-accrual loans has been included only to the extent reflected in the consolidated statements of income. For purposes of this table, the average balances for investments in debt and equity securities exclude unrealized appreciation/depreciation due to the application of FASB ASC 320, “Investments - Debt and Equity Securities.”

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|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Average |  |  |  |  |  |  | Average |
|  | Average |  |  |  | Yield/ |  |  | Average |  |  |  | Yield/ |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Balance |  | Interest |  | Cost |  |  | Balance |  | Interest |  | Cost |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, net (1)(2) |  | $ | 3,442,462 |  | $ | 41,053 |  | 4.73 | % |  | $ | 3,157,422 |  | $ | 36,243 |  | 4.55 | %
Mortgage-backed securities, CMOs and other asset-backed securities |  |  | 636,352 |  |  | 3,775 |  | 2.35 |  |  |  | 672,757 |  |  | 4,370 |  | 2.58 |
Taxable securities |  |  | 124,372 |  |  | 1,034 |  | 3.30 |  |  |  | 146,085 |  |  | 1,254 |  | 3.41 |
Tax-exempt securities (2) |  |  | 26,663 |  |  | 251 |  | 3.73 |  |  |  | 48,332 |  |  | 420 |  | 3.45 |
Deposits with banks |  |  | 61,853 |  |  | 342 |  | 2.19 |  |  |  | 84,986 |  |  | 437 |  | 2.04 |
Total interest-earning assets (2) |  |  | 4,291,702 |  |  | 46,455 |  | 4.29 |  |  |  | 4,109,582 |  |  | 42,724 |  | 4.12 |
Non-interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  |  | 80,180 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 79,372 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other assets |  |  | 332,120 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 289,933 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 4,704,002 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,478,887 |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings, NOW and money market deposits |  | $ | 2,107,576 |  | $ | 5,816 |  | 1.09 | % |  | $ | 1,955,010 |  | $ | 4,584 |  | 0.93 | %
Certificates of deposit of $100,000 or more |  |  | 212,159 |  |  | 1,139 |  | 2.13 |  |  |  | 204,400 |  |  | 927 |  | 1.80 |
Other time deposits |  |  | 60,496 |  |  | 300 |  | 1.97 |  |  |  | 120,410 |  |  | 536 |  | 1.77 |
Federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements |  |  | 14,160 |  |  | 70 |  | 1.96 |  |  |  | 3,487 |  |  | 12 |  | 1.37 |
FHLB advances |  |  | 244,011 |  |  | 1,179 |  | 1.92 |  |  |  | 269,909 |  |  | 1,181 |  | 1.74 |
Subordinated debentures |  |  | 78,862 |  |  | 1,135 |  | 5.71 |  |  |  | 78,723 |  |  | 1,135 |  | 5.72 |
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 2,717,264 |  |  | 9,639 |  | 1.41 |  |  |  | 2,631,939 |  |  | 8,375 |  | 1.26 |
Non-interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Demand deposits |  |  | 1,417,159 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,343,107 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities |  |  | 87,313 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 43,432 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities |  |  | 4,221,736 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,018,478 |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' equity |  |  | 482,266 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 460,409 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 4,704,002 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,478,887 |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income/net interest rate spread (2) (3) |  |  |  |  |  | 36,816 |  | 2.88 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 34,349 |  | 2.86 | %
Net interest-earning assets |  | $ | 1,574,438 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,477,643 |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest margin (2) (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.40 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.32 | %
Tax-equivalent adjustment |  |  |  |  |  | (101) |  | (0.01) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (135) |  | (0.02) |
Net interest income |  |  |  |  | $ | 36,715 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 34,214 |  |  |
Net interest margin (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.39 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.30 | %
Ratio of interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 157.94 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 156.14 | %

| (1) |  | Amounts are net of deferred origination costs/(fees) and the allowance for loan losses, and include loans held for sale.

| (2) |  | Presented on a tax-equivalent basis based on the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21%.

| (3) |  | Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the yield on average interest-earning assets and the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities.

| (4) |  | Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.

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|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Average |  |  |  |  |  |  | Average |
|  | Average |  |  |  | Yield/ |  |  | Average |  |  |  | Yield/ |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Balance |  | Interest |  | Cost |  |  | Balance |  | Interest |  | Cost |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, net (1)(2) |  | $ | 3,364,574 |  | $ | 118,712 |  | 4.72 | % |  | $ | 3,155,093 |  | $ | 107,720 |  | 4.56 | %
Mortgage-backed securities, CMOs and other asset-backed securities |  |  | 666,759 |  |  | 13,007 |  | 2.61 |  |  |  | 677,084 |  |  | 11,919 |  | 2.35 |
Taxable securities |  |  | 142,158 |  |  | 3,486 |  | 3.28 |  |  |  | 175,853 |  |  | 4,191 |  | 3.19 |
Tax-exempt securities (2) |  |  | 35,140 |  |  | 949 |  | 3.61 |  |  |  | 67,171 |  |  | 1,498 |  | 2.98 |
Deposits with banks |  |  | 85,241 |  |  | 1,485 |  | 2.33 |  |  |  | 44,660 |  |  | 633 |  | 1.90 |
Total interest-earning assets(2) |  |  | 4,293,872 |  |  | 137,639 |  | 4.29 |  |  |  | 4,119,861 |  |  | 125,961 |  | 4.09 |
Non-interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  |  | 80,539 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 75,788 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other assets |  |  | 321,635 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 287,343 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 4,696,046 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,482,992 |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings, NOW and money market deposits |  | $ | 2,143,474 |  | $ | 19,182 |  | 1.20 | % |  | $ | 1,903,172 |  | $ | 10,536 |  | 0.74 | %
Certificates of deposit of $100,000 or more |  |  | 209,358 |  |  | 3,201 |  | 2.04 |  |  |  | 176,122 |  |  | 2,026 |  | 1.54 |
Other time deposits |  |  | 80,116 |  |  | 1,150 |  | 1.92 |  |  |  | 101,987 |  |  | 1,224 |  | 1.60 |
Federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements |  |  | 15,722 |  |  | 273 |  | 2.32 |  |  |  | 91,989 |  |  | 1,185 |  | 1.72 |
FHLB advances |  |  | 243,544 |  |  | 3,455 |  | 1.90 |  |  |  | 344,677 |  |  | 4,447 |  | 1.72 |
Subordinated debentures |  |  | 78,828 |  |  | 3,405 |  | 5.78 |  |  |  | 78,688 |  |  | 3,404 |  | 5.78 |
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 2,771,042 |  |  | 30,666 |  | 1.48 |  |  |  | 2,696,635 |  |  | 22,822 |  | 1.13 |
Non-interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Demand deposits |  |  | 1,372,285 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,290,782 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities |  |  | 81,588 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 40,656 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities |  |  | 4,224,915 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,028,073 |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' equity |  |  | 471,131 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 454,919 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 4,696,046 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,482,992 |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income/interest rate spread (2) (3) |  |  |  |  |  | 106,973 |  | 2.81 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 103,139 |  | 2.96 | %
Net interest-earning assets |  | $ | 1,522,830 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,423,226 |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest margin (2) (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.33 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.35 | %
Tax-equivalent adjustment |  |  |  |  |  | (418) |  | (0.01) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (457) |  | (0.02) |
Net interest income |  |  |  |  | $ | 106,555 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 102,682 |  |  |
Net interest margin (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.32 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.33 | %
Ratio of interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 154.96 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 152.78 | %

| (1) |  | Amounts are net of deferred origination costs/(fees) and the allowance for loan losses, and include loans held for sale.

| (2) |  | Presented on a tax-equivalent basis based on the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21%.

| (3) |  | Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the yield on average interest-earning assets and the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities.

| (4) |  | Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.

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Rate/Volume Analysis

Net interest income can be analyzed in terms of the impact of changes in rates and volumes. The following table illustrates the extent to which changes in interest rates and in the volume of average interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities have affected our interest income and interest expense during the periods indicated. Information is provided in each category with respect to (i) changes attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate); (ii) changes attributable to changes in rates (changes in rates multiplied by prior volume); and (iii) the net changes. For purposes of this table, changes that are not due solely to volume or rate changes have been allocated to these categories based on the respective percentage changes in average volume and rate. Due to the numerous simultaneous volume and rate changes during the periods analyzed, it is not possible to precisely allocate changes between volume and rate. In addition, average interest-earning assets include non-accrual loans.

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2019 Over 2018 |  | 2019 Over 2018
|  | Changes Due To |  | Changes Due To
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Net
(In thousands) |  | Volume |  | Rate |  | Change |  | Volume |  | Rate |  | Change
Interest income on interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, net (1) (2) |  | $ | 3,344 |  | $ | 1,466 |  | $ | 4,810 |  | $ | 7,311 |  | $ | 3,681 |  | $ | 10,992
Mortgage-backed securities, CMOs and other asset-backed securities |  |  | (225) |  |  | (370) |  |  | (595) |  |  | (292) |  |  | 1,380 |  |  | 1,088
Taxable securities |  |  | (180) |  |  | (40) |  |  | (220) |  |  | (894) |  |  | 189 |  |  | (705)
Tax-exempt securities (2) |  |  | (372) |  |  | 203 |  |  | (169) |  |  | (966) |  |  | 417 |  |  | (549)
Deposits with banks |  |  | (276) |  |  | 181 |  |  | (95) |  |  | 680 |  |  | 172 |  |  | 852
Total interest income on interest-earning assets (2) |  |  | 2,291 |  |  | 1,440 |  |  | 3,731 |  |  | 5,839 |  |  | 5,839 |  |  | 11,678
Interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings, NOW and money market deposits |  |  | 384 |  |  | 848 |  |  | 1,232 |  |  | 1,470 |  |  | 7,176 |  |  | 8,646
Certificates of deposit of $100,000 or more |  |  | 36 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 212 |  |  | 428 |  |  | 747 |  |  | 1,175
Other time deposits |  |  | (585) |  |  | 349 |  |  | (236) |  |  | (374) |  |  | 300 |  |  | (74)
Federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements |  |  | 51 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 58 |  |  | (1,419) |  |  | 507 |  |  | (912)
FHLB advances |  |  | (469) |  |  | 467 |  |  | (2) |  |  | (1,625) |  |  | 633 |  |  | (992)
Subordinated debentures |  |  | 8 |  |  | (8) |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | (7) |  |  | 1
Total interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | (575) |  |  | 1,839 |  |  | 1,264 |  |  | (1,512) |  |  | 9,356 |  |  | 7,844
Net interest income (2) |  | $ | 2,866 |  | $ | (399) |  | $ | 2,467 |  | $ | 7,351 |  | $ | (3,517) |  | $ | 3,834

| (1) |  | Amounts are net of deferred origination costs/(fees) and the allowance for loan losses, and include loans held for sale.

| (2) |  | Presented on a tax-equivalent basis based on the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21%.

Analysis of Net Interest Income for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

Net interest income was $36.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $34.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Average net interest-earning assets increased $96.8 million to $1.6 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $1.5 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in average net interest-earning assets reflects organic growth in loans and a decrease in average borrowings, partially offset by an increase in average deposits and a decrease in average investment securities. Tax-equivalent net interest margin increased to 3.40% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 3.32% for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in tax-equivalent net interest margin for 2019 compared to 2018 reflects the higher average yield on loans, partially offset by a lower average yield on investment securities, coupled with higher overall funding costs due in part to the Fed Funds rate increases in 2018.

Total interest income increased $3.8 million, or 8.8%, to $46.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 from $42.6 million for the same period in 2018, as average interest-earning assets increased $182.1 million, or 4.4%, to $4.3 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $4.1 billion for the same period in 2018. The increase in average interest-earning assets for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018 reflects

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organic growth in loans, partially offset by a decrease in average investment securities. The tax-equivalent average yield on interest-earning assets was 4.29% for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 compared to 4.12% for the quarter ended September 30, 2018.

Interest income on loans increased $4.8 million to $41.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 over 2018, primarily due to growth in the loan portfolio. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, average loans grew by $285.0 million, or 9.0%, to $3.4 billion as compared to $3.2 billion for the same period in 2018. The increase in average loans was the result of organic growth in commercial real estate mortgage loans, multi-family mortgage loans, commercial and industrial loans, and real estate construction and land loans, partially offset by a decrease in residential mortgage loans. The tax-equivalent yield on average loans was 4.73% for the third quarter of 2019 and 4.55% for the same period in 2018. We remain committed to growing loans with prudent underwriting, sensible pricing, and limited credit and extension risk.

Interest income on investment securities was $5.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $6.0 million for the same period in 2018. Interest income on securities included net amortization of premiums on securities of $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $0.8 million for the same period in 2018. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, average total investment securities decreased by $79.8 million, or 9.2%, to $787.4 million as compared to $867.2 million for the same period in 2018. The tax-equivalent average yield on total investment securities was 2.55% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2.77% for the three months ended September 30, 2018.

Total interest expense increased to $9.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to $8.4 million for the same period in 2018. The increase in interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 is a result of the increase in the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities coupled with an increase in average deposits, partially offset by a decrease in average borrowings. The cost of average interest-bearing liabilities was 1.41% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 1.26% for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities is primarily due to higher overall funding costs due in part to the Fed Funds rate increases in 2018. Average total interest-bearing liabilities were $2.7 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and $2.6 billion for the same period in 2018 due to an increase in average deposits, partially offset by a decrease in average borrowings.

For the three months ended September 30, 2019, average total deposits increased by $174.5 million to $3.8 billion as compared to $3.6 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2018 due to increases in average savings, NOW and money market accounts, and average demand deposits, partially offset by a decrease in average certificates of deposit. The average balance of savings, NOW and money market accounts increased $152.6 million, or 7.8%, to $2.1 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $2.0 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The cost of average savings, NOW and money market deposits was 1.09% for the 2019 third quarter compared to 0.93% for the 2018 third quarter. Average demand deposits totaled $1.4 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $1.3 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Average balances in certificates of deposit decreased $52.1 million, or 16.1%, to $272.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $324.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The cost of average certificates of deposit increased to 2.09% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 1.79% for the same period in 2018. Average public fund deposits comprised 14.6% of total average deposits during the 2019 third quarter and 13.8% for the 2018 third quarter.

Average federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements increased $10.7 million, or 306.1%, to $14.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $3.5 million for the same period in 2018. The cost of average federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements was 1.96% for the 2019 third quarter compared to 1.37% for the 2018 third quarter. Average FHLB advances decreased $25.9 million, or 9.6%, to $244.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $269.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018.

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Analysis of Net Interest Income for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

Net interest income was $106.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $102.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Average net interest-earning assets increased $99.6 million to $1.5 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $1.4 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in average net interest-earning assets reflects organic growth in loans and a decrease in average borrowings, partially offset by an increase in average deposits and a decrease in average investment securities. Tax-equivalent net interest margin decreased to 3.33% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 3.35% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease in tax-equivalent net interest margin for 2019 compared to 2018 reflects the higher overall funding costs due in part to the Fed Funds rate increases in 2018, partially offset by a higher average yield on investment securities and loans, coupled with a lower volume of borrowings in 2018.

Total interest income increased $11.7 million, or 9.3%, to $137.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from $125.5 million for the same period in 2018, as average interest-earning assets increased $174.0 million, or 4.2%, to $4.3 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $4.1 billion for the same period in 2018. The increase in average interest-earning assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018 reflects organic growth in loans, partially offset by a decrease in average investment securities. The tax-equivalent average yield on interest-earning assets was 4.29% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 4.09% for the same period in 2018.

Interest income on loans increased $10.9 million to $118.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 over 2018, primarily due to growth in the loan portfolio. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, average loans grew by $209.5 million, or 6.6%, to $3.4 billion as compared to $3.2 billion for the same period in 2018. The increase in average loans was the result of organic growth in commercial real estate mortgage loans, commercial and industrial loans, multi-family mortgage loans, real estate construction and land loans, and residential mortgage loans. The tax-equivalent yield on average loans was 4.72% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 4.56% for the same period in 2018. We remain committed to growing loans with prudent underwriting, sensible pricing, and limited credit and extension risk.

Interest income on investment securities was $17.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $17.3 million for the same period in 2018. Interest income on securities included net amortization of premiums on securities of $2.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $3.3 million for the same period in 2018. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, average total investment securities decreased by $76.0 million, or 8.3%, to $844.1 million as compared to $920.1 million for the same period in 2018. The tax-equivalent average yield on total investment securities was 2.76% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2.56% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Total interest expense increased to $30.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to $22.8 million for the same period in 2018. The increase in interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 is a result of the increase in the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities coupled with an increase in average deposits, partially offset by a decrease in average borrowings. The cost of average interest-bearing liabilities was 1.48% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 1.13% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities is primarily due to higher overall funding costs due in part to the Fed Funds rate increases in 2018. Average total interest-bearing liabilities were $2.8 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and $2.7 billion for the same period in 2018 due to an increase in average deposits, partially offset by a decrease in average borrowings.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, average total deposits increased by $333.2 million to $3.8 billion as compared to $3.5 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 due to increases in average savings, NOW and money market accounts, average demand deposits, and average certificates of deposit. The average balance of savings, NOW and money market accounts increased $240.3 million, or 12.6%, to $2.1 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $1.9 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The cost of average savings, NOW and money market deposits was 1.20% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 0.74% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Average demand deposits totaled $1.4 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $1.3 billion for the same period in 2018. Average balances in certificates of deposit increased $11.4 million, or 4.1%, to $289.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $278.1 million for the nine months

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ended September 30, 2018. The cost of average certificates of deposit increased to 2.01% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 1.56% for the same period in 2018. Average public fund deposits comprised 15.7% of total average deposits during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 16.1% for the same period in 2018.

Average federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements decreased $76.3 million, or 82.9%, to $15.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $92.0 million for the same period in 2018. The cost of average federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements was 2.32% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 1.72% for the same period in 2018. Average FHLB advances decreased $101.2 million, or 29.3%, to $243.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $344.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Provision and Allowance for Loan Losses

Our loan portfolio consists primarily of real estate loans secured by commercial, multi-family and residential real estate properties located in our principal lending areas of Nassau and Suffolk Counties on Long Island and the New York City boroughs. The interest rates we charge on loans are affected primarily by the demand for such loans, the supply of money available for lending purposes, the rates offered by our competitors, our relationship with the customer, and the related credit risks of the transaction. These factors are affected by general and economic conditions including, but not limited to, monetary policies of the federal government, including the Federal Reserve Board, legislative policies and governmental budgetary matters.

Based on our continuing review of the overall loan portfolio, the current asset quality of the portfolio, the growth in the loan portfolio and the net charge-offs, a provision for loan losses of $1.0 million and $5.1 million was recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to a provision for loan losses of $0.2 million and $1.4 million, respectively, during the same periods in 2018. Net recoveries were $2 thousand for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 compared to net recoveries of $17 thousand for the quarter ended September 30, 2018. Net charge-offs were $4.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to net charge-offs of $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in net charge-offs during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, relates primarily to the $3.7 million charge-off related to one CRE loan totaling $16.3 million which was written down to the loan’s estimated fair value of $12.6 million and moved into loans held for sale in June 2019. The ratio of the allowance for loan losses to non-accrual loans was 764%, 1,119% and 1,639%, at September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018, and September 30, 2018, respectively. The allowance for loan losses totaled $32.2 million at September 30, 2019 as compared to $31.4 million at December 31, 2018 and $31.9 million at September 30, 2018. The allowance as a percentage of total loans was 0.92% at September 30, 2019, compared to 0.96% at December 31, 2018 and 1.00% at September 30, 2018. We continue to carefully monitor the loan portfolio as well as real estate trends in Nassau and Suffolk Counties and the New York City boroughs.

Loans totaling $82.5 million, or 2.4%, of total loans at September 30, 2019 were categorized as classified loans compared to $87.9 million, or 2.7%, at December 31, 2018 and $71.5 million, or 2.2%, at September 30, 2018. Classified loans include loans with credit quality indicators with the internally assigned grades of special mention, substandard and doubtful. These loans are categorized as classified loans because we have information that indicates the borrower may not be able to comply with the present repayment terms. These loans are subject to increased management attention and their classification is reviewed at least quarterly.

At September 30, 2019, $34.0 million of classified loans were commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans. Of the $34.0 million of CRE loans, $33.3 million were current and $0.7 million were past due. At September 30, 2019, $11.8 million of classified loans were residential real estate loans, with $9.8 million current and $2.0 million past due. Commercial, industrial, and agricultural loans represented $35.1 million of classified loans, with $33.7 million current and $1.4 million past due. Taxi medallion loans represented $9.6 million of the classified commercial, industrial and agricultural loans at September 30, 2019. All of our taxi medallion loans are collateralized by New York City medallions and have personal guarantees. All taxi medallion loans were current as of September 30, 2019. No new originations of taxi medallion loans are currently planned and we expect these balances to continue to decline through amortization and pay-offs. In January 2019, seven taxi medallion loans totaling $6.2 million, net of charge-offs, were paid off under settlements we accepted. The charge-offs related to these settlements were recognized in the 2018 fourth quarter. At September 30, 2019, there was $0.8 million of classified consumer loans substantially all of which were current; $0.4 million of classified multi-family

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loans which were current; and $0.4 million of classified real estate construction and land loans, with $0.3 million current and $0.1 million past due.

CRE loans, including multi-family loans, represented $2.2 billion, or 62.7%, of the total loan portfolio at September 30, 2019 compared to $2.0 billion, or 59.9%, at December 31, 2018 and $1.9 billion, or 60.4%, at September 30, 2018. Our underwriting standards for CRE loans require an evaluation of the cash flow of the property, the overall cash flow of the borrower and related guarantors as well as the value of the real estate securing the loan. In addition, our underwriting standards for CRE loans are consistent with regulatory requirements with original loan to value ratios generally less than or equal to 75%. We consider charge-off history, delinquency trends, cash flow analysis, and the impact of the local economy on CRE values when evaluating the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had individually impaired loans as defined by FASB ASC No. 310, “Receivables” of $32.7 million and $19.4 million, respectively. For a loan to be considered impaired, we determine after review whether it is probable that we will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. We apply our normal loan review procedures in making these judgments. Impaired loans include individually classified non-accrual loans and troubled debt restructuring loans (“TDRs”). At September 30, 2019, impaired loans also included $2.5 million in other impaired performing loans which were related to borrowers with other performing TDRs, two of which are being restructured as TDRs in the 2019 fourth quarter. At December 31, 2018, impaired loans also included $2.7 million in other impaired performing loans related to three taxi medallion loans which paid off in January 2019. For impaired loans, we evaluate the impairment of the loan in accordance with FASB ASC 310‑10‑35‑22. Impairment is determined based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate. For loans that are collateral dependent, the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell is used to determine the fair value of the loan. The fair value of the collateral is determined based on recent appraised values. The fair value of the collateral less costs to sell or present value of expected cash flows is compared to the carrying value to determine if any write-down or specific loan loss allowance allocation is required. The increase in impaired loans from December 31, 2018 was primarily attributable to new TDRs, partially offset by the payoff of certain TDRs and other impaired performing loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we modified certain loans as TDRs totaling $20.3 million.

Non-accrual loans were $4.2 million, or 0.12%, of total loans at September 30, 2019, and $2.8 million, or 0.09%, of total loans at December 31, 2018. TDRs represent $436 thousand of the non-accrual loans at September 30, 2019 and $133 thousand of the non-accrual loans at December 31, 2018.

There was no other real estate owned at September 30, 2019. At December 31, 2018, other real estate owned totaled $0.2 million.

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The following table presents changes in the allowance for loan losses:

|  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands) |  | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Beginning balance |  | $ | 31,418 |  | $ | 31,707
Charge-offs: |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate mortgage loans |  |  | (3,670) |  |  | —
Residential real estate mortgage loans |  |  | — |  |  | (24)
Commercial, industrial and agricultural loans |  |  | (796) |  |  | (1,708)
Installment/consumer loans |  |  | (13) |  |  | (4)
Total |  |  | (4,479) |  |  | (1,736)
Recoveries: |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate mortgage loans |  |  | — |  |  | —
Residential real estate mortgage loans |  |  | 112 |  |  | 2
Commercial, industrial and agricultural loans |  |  | 12 |  |  | 494
Installment/consumer loans |  |  | 10 |  |  | 2
Total |  |  | 134 |  |  | 498
Net charge-offs |  |  | (4,345) |  |  | (1,238)
Provision for loan losses charged to operations |  |  | 5,100 |  |  | 1,400
Ending balance |  | $ | 32,173 |  | $ | 31,869

Allocation of Allowance for Loan Losses

The following table presents the allocation of the total allowance for loan losses by loan classification:

|  | September 30, 2019 |  |  | December 31, 2018 |
|  |  |  | Percentage of Loans |  |  |  |  | Percentage of Loans |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  | to Total Loans |  |  | Amount |  | to Total Loans |
Commercial real estate mortgage loans |  | $ | 11,929 |  | 43.5 | % |  | $ | 10,792 |  | 42.0 | %
Multi-family mortgage loans |  |  | 2,990 |  | 19.2 |  |  |  | 2,566 |  | 17.9 |
Residential real estate mortgage loans |  |  | 1,908 |  | 14.2 |  |  |  | 3,935 |  | 15.9 |
Commercial, industrial and agricultural loans |  |  | 14,081 |  | 19.1 |  |  |  | 12,722 |  | 19.8 |
Real estate construction and land loans |  |  | 998 |  | 3.3 |  |  |  | 1,297 |  | 3.8 |
Installment/consumer loans |  |  | 267 |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | 106 |  | 0.6 |
Total |  | $ | 32,173 |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 31,418 |  | 100.0 | %

Non-Interest Income

Total non-interest income increased $1.3 million to $6.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $4.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in total non-interest income was driven by a $1.2 million increase in loan swap fees, a $0.1 million increase in title fees, and a $0.1 million increase in gain on sale of Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loans, partially offset by a $0.1 million decrease in other operating income.

Total non-interest income increased $10.5 million to $17.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $6.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in total non-interest income was driven by an $8.1 million increase in net securities gains, primarily attributable to a $7.9 million net securities loss related to the balance sheet restructure in the 2018 second quarter, a $2.5 million increase in loan swap fees, and a $0.3 million increase in service charges and other fees, partially offset by a $0.3 million decrease in other operating income and a $0.2 million decrease in title fees.

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Non-Interest Expense

Total non-interest expense was $24.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $31.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to the impact of the $9.5 million fraud loss recorded for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and lower FDIC assessments, partially offset by higher salaries and benefits, technology and communications, occupancy and equipment, and other operating expenses.

Total non-interest expense was $70.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $76.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to the impact of the $9.5 million fraud loss recorded in 2018, and lower FDIC assessments and professional services in 2019, partially offset by higher salaries and benefits, technology and communications, occupancy and equipment, marketing and advertising, and other operating expenses in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018.

Salaries and benefits increased $2.2 million to $14.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The increase in salaries and benefits for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 is primarily due to additional staff related to business development and risk management. Occupancy and equipment increased $0.2 million to $3.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. Technology and communications increased $0.5 million to $2.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year, related to investments in new software and systems in the 2019 period. Other operating expenses increased $0.2 million to $1.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. FDIC assessments decreased $0.4 million to $18 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the same period in 2018 due to an FDIC assessment credit totaling $0.4 million in 2019. The Company incurred a $9.5 million pre-tax charge in the three months ended September 30, 2018 related to the fraudulent conduct of a business customer through its deposit accounts at BNB.

Salaries and benefits increased $3.2 million to $41.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The increase in salaries and benefits for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 is primarily due to additional staff related to business development and risk management. Occupancy and equipment increased $0.8 million to $10.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. Technology and communications increased $1.0 million to $5.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year, related to investments in new software and systems in the 2019 period. Professional services expenses decreased $0.5 million to $2.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the same period in 2018. FDIC assessments decreased $0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the same period in 2018 primarily due to an FDIC assessment credit totaling $0.4 million in the three months ended September 30, 2019. Other operating expenses increased $0.2 million to $5.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the same period in 2018.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense was $3.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, reflecting higher income before income taxes. The effective tax rate was 21.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 17.4% for the same period in 2018.

Income tax expense was $10.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $6.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, reflecting higher income before income taxes. The effective tax rate was 21.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 19.8% for the same period in 2018. We estimate we will record income tax at an effective tax rate of approximately 22% for the remainder of 2019.

Financial Condition

Total assets were $4.7 billion at September 30, 2019, $35.3 million higher than December 31, 2018. Cash and cash equivalents decreased $164.2 million, or 55.6%, to $131.2 million at September 30, 2019 compared to December 31, 2018. Total securities decreased $86.2 million, or 10.0%, to $778.9 million at September 30, 2019 compared to December 31, 2018. Total loans held for investment, net, increased $232.5 million, or 7.1%, to $3.5 billion at September 30, 2019

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compared to December 31, 2018. Our focus is on our ability to grow the loan portfolio, while minimizing interest rate risk sensitivity and maintaining credit quality.

Total liabilities were $4.2 billion at September 30, 2019, $2.7 million higher than December 31, 2018. Total deposits decreased $143.1 million, or 3.7%, to $3.7 billion at September 30, 2019, compared to December 31, 2018. Certificates of deposit decreased $59.7 million, or 18.1%, to $270.0 million at September 30, 2019 compared to December 31, 2018. Demand deposits decreased $23.8 million, or 1.6%, to $1.4 billion at September 30, 2019 compared to December 31, 2018. Savings, NOW and money market deposits decreased $59.6 million, or 2.8%, to $2.0 billion at September 30, 2019 compared to December 31, 2018. FHLB advances increased $96.6 million to $337.0 million at September 30, 2019 compared to December 31, 2018.

Total stockholders' equity was $486.4 million at September 30, 2019, an increase of $32.6 million, or 7.2%, from December 31, 2018, primarily due to net income of $37.5 million, a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of deferred income taxes, of $6.9 million and share based compensation of $2.8 million, partially offset by $13.8 million in dividends. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, there were 22,600 shares purchased under the 2019 Stock Repurchase Program.

Liquidity

Our liquidity management objectives are to ensure the sufficiency of funds available to respond to the needs of depositors and borrowers, and to take advantage of unanticipated opportunities for our growth or earnings enhancement. Liquidity management addresses our ability to meet financial obligations that arise in the normal course of business. Liquidity is primarily needed to meet customer borrowing commitments and deposit withdrawals, either on demand or on contractual maturity, to repay borrowings as they mature, to fund current and planned expenditures and to make new loans and investments as opportunities arise.

The Holding Company’s principal sources of liquidity included cash and cash equivalents of $3.2 million as of September 30, 2019, and dividend capabilities from the Bank. Cash available for distribution of dividends to our shareholders is primarily derived from dividends paid by the Bank to the Holding Company. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Bank paid $20.0 million in cash dividends to the Holding Company. Prior regulatory approval is required if the total of all dividends declared by the Bank in any calendar year exceeds the total of the Bank's net income of that year combined with its retained net income of the preceding two years. As of September 30, 2019, the Bank has $71.6 million of retained net income available for dividends to the Holding Company. In the event the Holding Company subsequently expands its current operations, in addition to dividends from the Bank, it will need to rely on its own earnings, additional capital raised and other borrowings to meet liquidity needs. The Holding Company did not make any capital contributions to the Bank during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

The Bank's most liquid assets are cash and cash equivalents, securities available for sale and securities held to maturity due within one year. The levels of these assets are dependent on the Bank's operating, financing, lending and investing activities during any given period. Other sources of liquidity include loan and investment securities principal repayments and maturities, lines of credit with other financial institutions including the FHLB and FRB, growth in core deposits and sources of wholesale funding such as brokered deposits. While scheduled loan amortization, maturing securities and short-term investments are a relatively predictable source of funds, deposit flows and loan and mortgage-backed securities prepayments are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions and competition. The Bank adjusts its liquidity levels as appropriate to meet funding needs such as seasonal deposit outflows, loans, and asset and liability management objectives. Historically, the Bank has relied on its deposit base, drawn through its full-service branches that serve its market area and local municipal deposits, as its principal source of funding. The Bank seeks to retain existing deposits and loans and maintain customer relationships by offering quality service and competitive interest rates to its customers, while managing the overall cost of funds needed to finance its strategies.

The Bank's Asset/Liability and Funds Management Policy allows for wholesale borrowings of up to 25% of total assets. At September 30, 2019, the Bank had aggregate lines of credit of $373.0 million with unaffiliated correspondent banks to provide short-term credit for liquidity requirements. Of these aggregate lines of credit, $353.0 million is available on an unsecured basis. As of September 30, 2019, the Bank had no overnight borrowings outstanding under these lines. The Bank also has the ability, as a member of the FHLB system, to borrow against unencumbered residential and commercial

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mortgages owned by the Bank. The Bank also has a master repurchase agreement with the FHLB, which increases its borrowing capacity. As of September 30, 2019, the Bank had $47.0 million FHLB overnight borrowings outstanding and $290.0 million outstanding in FHLB term borrowings. As of December 31, 2018, the Bank had no FHLB overnight borrowings outstanding and $240.4 million outstanding in FHLB term borrowings. The Bank had $1.0 million and $0.5 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, of securities sold under agreements to repurchase outstanding with customers and no such agreements outstanding with brokers. In addition, the Bank has approved broker relationships for the purpose of issuing brokered deposits. As of September 30, 2019, the Bank had $42.1 million outstanding in brokered certificates of deposit and $20.1 million outstanding in brokered money market accounts. As of December 31, 2018, the Bank had $101.6 million outstanding in brokered certificates of deposit and $150.2 million outstanding in brokered money market accounts.

Liquidity policies are established by senior management and reviewed and approved by the full Board of Directors at least annually. Management continually monitors the liquidity position and believes that sufficient liquidity exists to meet all of the Company’s operating requirements. The Bank’s liquidity levels are affected by the use of short-term and wholesale borrowings and the amount of public funds in the deposit mix. Excess short-term liquidity is invested in overnight federal funds sold or in an interest-earning account at the FRB.

Capital Resources

The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company's and the Bank's financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital requirements that involve quantitative measures of the Company's and Bank's assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company's and Bank's capital amounts and classifications also are subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of total, tier 1 and common equity tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets and of tier 1 capital to average assets. Tier 1 capital, risk weighted assets and average assets are as defined by regulation. The required minimums for the Company and Bank are set forth in the tables that follow. The Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

On January 1, 2015, the Basel III Capital Rules became effective and include transition provisions through January 1, 2019. These rules provide for the following minimum capital to risk-weighted assets ratios as of January 1, 2015: a) 4.5% based on common equity tier 1 capital ("CET1"); b) 6.0% based on tier 1 capital; and c) 8.0% based on total regulatory capital. A minimum leverage ratio (tier 1 capital as a percentage of total average assets) of 4.0% is also required under the Basel III Capital Rules. The Basel III Capital Rules additionally require institutions to retain a capital conservation buffer, composed of CET1, of 2.5% above these required minimum capital ratio levels. The capital conservation buffer requirement was phased in beginning January 1, 2016 at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets and increased by 0.625% each subsequent January 1, until fully implemented at 2.5% on January 1, 2019. Including the capital conservation buffer, the Company and the Bank effectively have the following minimum capital to risk-weighted assets ratios: a) 7.0% based on CET1; b) 8.5% based on tier 1 capital; and c) 10.5% based on total regulatory capital.

The Company and the Bank made the one-time, permanent election to continue to exclude the effects of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss items included in stockholders' equity for the purposes of determining the regulatory capital ratios.

As of September 30, 2019, the most recent notification from the FDIC categorized the Bank as “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as “well capitalized,” the Bank must maintain minimum total risk-based, tier 1 risk-based, common equity tier 1 risk-based and tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the tables below. Since that notification, there are no conditions or events that management believes have changed the institution's category.

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In accordance with the recently enacted Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act, the federal banking agencies have adopted, effective January 1, 2020, a final rule whereby financial institutions and financial institution holding companies that have less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets and meet other qualifying criteria, including a leverage ratio of greater than 9 percent, will be eligible to opt into a community bank leverage ratio framework (“qualifying community banking organizations”). Qualifying community banking organizations that elect to use the community bank leverage ratio framework and that maintain a leverage ratio of greater than 9 percent will be considered to have satisfied the generally applicable risk-based and leverage capital requirements in the agencies’ capital rules and will be considered to have met the well-capitalized ratio requirements under the Prompt Corrective Action statutes. The agencies reserved the authority to disallow the use of the community bank leverage ratio framework by a financial institution or holding company, based on the risk profile of the organization.

The following tables present actual capital levels and minimum required levels for the Company and the Bank under Basel III rules at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

|  | September 30, 2019 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Minimum Capital |  | Minimum To Be Well |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Minimum Capital |  | Adequacy Requirement with |  | Capitalized Under Prompt |
|  | Actual Capital |  | Adequacy Requirement |  | Capital Conservation Buffer |  | Corrective Action Provisions |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  | $ | 386,808 |  | 10.4 | % | $ | 167,537 |  | 4.5 | % | $ | 260,614 |  | 7.0 | % |  | n/a |  | n/a |
Bank |  |  | 462,374 |  | 12.4 |  |  | 167,530 |  | 4.5 |  |  | 260,602 |  | 7.0 |  | $ | 241,987 |  | 6.5 | %
Total capital to risk-weighted assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 499,257 |  | 13.4 |  |  | 297,844 |  | 8.0 |  |  | 390,921 |  | 10.5 |  |  | n/a |  | n/a |
Bank |  |  | 494,823 |  | 13.3 |  |  | 297,830 |  | 8.0 |  |  | 390,902 |  | 10.5 |  |  | 372,288 |  | 10.0 |
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 386,808 |  | 10.4 |  |  | 223,383 |  | 6.0 |  |  | 316,460 |  | 8.5 |  |  | n/a |  | n/a |
Bank |  |  | 462,374 |  | 12.4 |  |  | 223,373 |  | 6.0 |  |  | 316,445 |  | 8.5 |  |  | 297,830 |  | 8.0 |
Tier 1 capital to average assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 386,808 |  | 8.4 |  |  | 184,165 |  | 4.0 |  |  | n/a |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |  | n/a |
Bank |  |  | 462,374 |  | 10.0 |  |  | 184,169 |  | 4.0 |  |  | n/a |  | n/a |  |  | 230,211 |  | 5.0 |

|  | December 31, 2018 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Minimum Capital |  | Minimum To Be Well |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Minimum Capital |  | Adequacy Requirement with |  | Capitalized Under Prompt |
|  | Actual Capital |  | Adequacy Requirement |  | Capital Conservation Buffer |  | Corrective Action Provisions |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  | $ | 360,688 |  | 10.4 | % | $ | 155,836 |  | 4.5 | % | $ | 220,767 |  | 6.375 | % |  | n/a |  | n/a |
Bank |  |  | 438,963 |  | 12.7 |  |  | 155,831 |  | 4.5 |  |  | 220,761 |  | 6.375 |  | $ | 225,089 |  | 6.5 | %
Total capital to risk-weighted assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 472,382 |  | 13.6 |  |  | 277,041 |  | 8.0 |  |  | 341,973 |  | 9.875 |  |  | n/a |  | n/a |
Bank |  |  | 470,657 |  | 13.6 |  |  | 277,033 |  | 8.0 |  |  | 341,963 |  | 9.875 |  |  | 346,291 |  | 10.0 |
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 360,688 |  | 10.4 |  |  | 207,781 |  | 6.0 |  |  | 272,712 |  | 7.875 |  |  | n/a |  | n/a |
Bank |  |  | 438,963 |  | 12.7 |  |  | 207,775 |  | 6.0 |  |  | 272,704 |  | 7.875 |  |  | 277,033 |  | 8.0 |
Tier 1 capital to average assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 360,688 |  | 8.1 |  |  | 177,782 |  | 4.0 |  |  | n/a |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |  | n/a |
Bank |  |  | 438,963 |  | 9.9 |  |  | 177,776 |  | 4.0 |  |  | n/a |  | n/a |  |  | 222,220 |  | 5.0 |

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Asset/Liability Management

Management considers interest rate risk to be our most significant market risk. Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and rates. Interest rate risk is the exposure to adverse changes in our net income as a result of changes in interest rates.

Our primary earnings source is net interest income, which is affected by changes in the level of interest rates, the relationship between rates, the impact of interest rate fluctuations on asset prepayments, the level and composition of deposits and liabilities, and the credit quality of earning assets. Our asset and liability management objectives are to maintain a strong, stable net interest margin, to utilize our capital effectively without taking undue risks, to maintain adequate liquidity, and to reduce vulnerability of our operations to changes in interest rates.

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Our Asset and Liability Committee evaluates periodically, but at least four times a year, the impact of changes in market interest rates on assets and liabilities, net interest margin, capital and liquidity. Risk assessments are governed by policies and limits established by senior management, which are reviewed and approved by the full Board of Directors at least annually. The economic environment continually presents uncertainties as to future interest rate trends. The Asset and Liability Committee regularly utilizes a model that projects net interest income based on increasing or decreasing interest rates, in order to be better able to respond to changes in interest rates.

At September 30, 2019, $657.4 million, or 87.6%, of our available for sale and held to maturity securities had fixed interest rates. At September 30, 2019, $2.7 billion, or 77.6%, of our loan portfolio had adjustable or floating interest rates. Changes in interest rates affect the value of our interest-earning assets and, in particular, our securities portfolio. Generally, the value of securities fluctuates inversely with changes in interest rates. Increases in interest rates could result in decreases in the market value of interest-earning assets, which could adversely affect our stockholders' equity and results of operations if sold. We are also subject to reinvestment risk associated with changes in interest rates. Changes in market interest rates also could affect the type (fixed-rate or adjustable-rate) and amount of loans we originate and the average life of loans and securities, which can impact the yields earned on our loans and securities. In periods of decreasing interest rates, the average life of loans and securities we hold may be shortened to the extent increased prepayment activity occurs during such periods which, in turn, may result in the investment of funds from such prepayments in lower yielding assets. Under these circumstances, we are subject to reinvestment risk to the extent that we are unable to reinvest the cash received from such prepayments at rates that are comparable to the rates on existing loans and securities. Additionally, increases in interest rates may result in decreasing loan prepayments with respect to fixed rate loans (and therefore an increase in the average life of such loans), may result in a decrease in loan demand, and may make it more difficult for borrowers to repay adjustable rate loans.

We utilize the results of a detailed and dynamic simulation model to quantify the estimated exposure of net interest income to sustained interest rate changes. Management routinely monitors simulated net interest income sensitivity over a rolling two-year horizon. The simulation model captures the impact of changing interest rates on the interest income received and the interest expense paid on all assets and liabilities reflected on our consolidated balance sheet. This sensitivity analysis is compared to the asset and liability policy limits that specify a maximum tolerance level for net interest income exposure over a one-year horizon given 100 and 200-basis point upward shifts in interest rates and a 100-basis point downward shift in interest rates. A parallel and pro-rata shift in rates over a twelve-month period is assumed.

In addition to the above scenarios, we consider other non-parallel rate shifts that would also exert pressure on earnings. The current low interest rate environment presents the possibility for a flattening of the yield curve. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the yield on U.S. Treasury 10-year notes decreased 101 basis points from 2.69% to 1.68%, while the yield on 3-month Treasury bills decreased 57 basis points from 2.45% to 1.88%. The decreased gap between short-term and long-term yields resulted in a flatter yield curve at September 30, 2019 versus December 31, 2018. A continued flattening of the yield curve in 2019 may adversely affect net interest income as borrowers tend to refinance higher-rate fixed rate loans at lower rates and we may not be able to reinvest those prepayments in assets earning interest rates as high as the rates on those prepaid assets.

The following reflects our net interest income sensitivity analysis at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

|  | September 30, 2019 |
|  | Potential Change |
|  | in Future Net |
Change in Interest |  | Interest Income |
Rates in Basis Points |  | Year 1 |  | Year 2 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | $ Change |  | % Change |
200 |  | $ | 700 |  | 0.48 | % | $ | 12,965 |  | 8.85 | %
100 |  |  | 428 |  | 0.29 |  |  | 8,343 |  | 5.69 |
Static |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |
(100) |  |  | (1,245) |  | (0.85) |  |  | (4,458) |  | (3.04) |

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|  | December 31, 2018 |
|  | Potential Change |
|  | in Future Net |
Change in Interest |  | Interest Income |
Rates in Basis Points |  | Year 1 |  | Year 2 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | $ Change |  | % Change |
200 |  | $ | (2,212) |  | (1.57) | % | $ | 8,767 |  | 6.23 | %
100 |  |  | (898) |  | (0.64) |  |  | 7,355 |  | 5.23 |
Static |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |
(100) |  |  | (435) |  | (0.31) |  |  | (266) |  | (0.19) |

As noted in the table above, a 200-basis point increase in interest rates is projected to increase net interest income by 0.48% in year 1 and increase net interest income by 8.85% in year 2. Our balance sheet sensitivity to such a move in interest rates at September 30, 2019 de creased as compared to December 31, 2018 (which was a decrease of 1.57% in net interest income over a twelve-month period). This decrease is the result of an increase in non-interest-bearing demand deposits and a reduction in brokered deposits, coupled with a higher portion of our loans repricing to market rates. We also continue to show the ability to hold the costs of interest-bearing deposits to below market rates. Overall, our strategy is shifting to a focus on reducing our exposure to falling rates. Over the intervening year, the effective duration (a measure of price sensitivity to interest rates) of the bond portfolio decreased from 3.05 years at December 31, 2018 to 2.28 years at September 30, 2019.

The preceding sensitivity analysis does not represent a Company forecast and should not be relied on as being indicative of expected operating results. These hypothetical estimates are based on numerous assumptions including, but not limited to, the nature and timing of interest rate levels and yield curve shapes, prepayments on loans and securities, deposit decay rates, pricing decisions on loans and deposits, and reinvestment and replacement of asset and liability cash flows. While assumptions are developed based on perceived current economic and local market conditions, we cannot make any assurances as to the predictive nature of these assumptions including how customer preferences or competitor influences may change. Also, as market conditions vary from those assumed in the sensitivity analysis, actual results will also differ due to prepayment and refinancing levels likely deviating from those assumed, the varying impact of interest rate change caps or floors on adjustable rate assets, the potential effect of changing debt service levels on customers with adjustable rate loans, depositor early withdrawals, prepayment penalties and product preference changes and other internal and external variables. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis does not reflect actions that management might take in responding to, or anticipating, changes in interest rates and market conditions.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a‑15(e) promulgated under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of September 30, 2019. Based on that evaluation, the Company's Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. There has been no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to certain pending and threatened legal actions that arise out of the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, the resolution of any such pending or threatened litigation is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A., Risk Factors, in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, as supplemented by the disclosure in Item 1A, Risk Factors, included in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(c) Stock Repurchases.

The following table presents information in connection with repurchases of our shares of common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2019:

|  |  |  |  |  |  | Total Number of |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Shares Purchased |  | Maximum Number
|  |  |  |  |  |  | as Part of |  | of Shares That May
|  | Total Number of |  |  |  |  | Publicly |  | Yet Be Purchased
|  | Shares |  | Average Price |  | Announced Plans |  | Under the Plans or
|  | Purchased (1) |  | Paid per Share |  | or Programs |  | Programs (2)
July 1, 2019 through July 31, 2019 |  | 350 |  | $ | 29.32 |  | — |  | 988,600
August 1, 2019 through August 31, 2019 |  | 11,265 |  |  | 27.10 |  | 11,200 |  | 977,400
September 1, 2019 through September 30, 2019 |  | 65 |  |  | 29.43 |  | — |  | 977,400
Total |  | 11,680 |  |  | 27.18 |  | 11,200 |  |

| (1) |  | Includes shares withheld by the Company to pay the taxes associated with the vesting of restricted stock awards.

| (2) |  | The Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase plan in March 2006 that authorized the repurchase of 309,000 shares. In February 2019, the Company announced the adoption of a new stock repurchase plan for up to 1,000,000 shares, replacing the previous plan. There is no expiration date for the stock repurchase plan. 11,200 shares were purchased under the repurchase program during the three months ended September 30, 2019.

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Not applicable.

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Item 6. Exhibits

31.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a‑14(a)
31.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a‑14(a)
32.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a‑14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
101 |  | The following financial statements from Bridge Bancorp, Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q for the Quarter Ended September 30, 2019, filed on November 8, 2019, formatted in XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and (vi) the Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | BRIDGE BANCORP, INC.
|  | Registrant
November 8, 2019 |  | /s/ Kevin M. O'Connor
|  | Kevin M. O'Connor
|  | President and Chief Executive Officer
November 8, 2019 |  | /s/ John M. McCaffery
|  | John M. McCaffery
|  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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