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Allowance for Loan Losses - Allowance for Credit Losses and Recorded Investments in Loans (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021
Allowance for Loan Losses |  |  |
Allowance at beginning of period | $ 1,022 | $ 1,271 | $ 1,377
Provision: |  |  |
Reversal of allowance related to loan sales |  |  | (107)
Remaining provision |  |  | 46
Total provision | 123 | 79 | (61)
Charge-offs: |  |  |
Gross charge-offs | (383) | (410) | (201)
Expected future recoveries on current period gross charge-offs | 47 | 57 | 22
Total | (336) | (353) | (179)
Adjustment resulting from the change in charge-off rate | (25) | (30) | (16)
Net charge-offs | (361) | (383) | (195)
Decrease in expected future recoveries on previously fully charged-off loans | 48 | 55 | 150
Allowance at end of period | 832 | 1,022 | 1,271
FFELP Loans [Member] |  |  |
Allowance for Loan Losses |  |  |
Allowance at beginning of period | 222 | 262 | 288
Provision: |  |  |
Reversal of allowance related to loan sales |  |  | 0
Remaining provision |  |  | 0
Total provision | 56 | 0 | 0
Charge-offs: |  |  |
Gross charge-offs | (63) | (40) | (26)
Expected future recoveries on current period gross charge-offs | 0 | 0 | 0
Total | (63) | (40) | (26)
Adjustment resulting from the change in charge-off rate | 0 | 0 | 0
Net charge-offs | (63) | (40) | (26)
Decrease in expected future recoveries on previously fully charged-off loans | 0 | 0 | 0
Allowance at end of period | $ 215 | $ 222 | $ 262
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment, excluding the net adjustment resulting from the change in charge-off rate | 0.19% | 0.10% | 0.06%
Net adjustment resulting from the change in charge-off rate as a percentage of average loans in repayment | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00%
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment | 0.19% | 0.10% | 0.06%
Ending total loans | $ 38,140 | $ 43,747 | $ 52,903
Average loans in repayment | 33,047 | 40,332 | 45,781
Ending loans in repayment | 30,436 | 34,372 | 44,390
Private Education Loans [Member] |  |  |
Allowance for Loan Losses |  |  |
Allowance at beginning of period | 800 | 1,009 | 1,089
Provision: |  |  |
Reversal of allowance related to loan sales |  |  | (107)
Remaining provision |  |  | 46
Total provision | 67 | 79 | (61)
Charge-offs: |  |  |
Gross charge-offs | (320) | (370) | (175)
Expected future recoveries on current period gross charge-offs | 47 | 57 | 22
Total | (273) | (313) | (153)
Adjustment resulting from the change in charge-off rate | (25) | (30) | (16)
Net charge-offs | (298) | (343) | (169)
Decrease in expected future recoveries on previously fully charged-off loans | 48 | 55 | 150
Allowance at end of period | $ 617 | $ 800 | $ 1,009
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment, excluding the net adjustment resulting from the change in charge-off rate | 1.54% | 1.59% | 0.76%
Net adjustment resulting from the change in charge-off rate as a percentage of average loans in repayment | 0.14% | 0.15% | 0.08%
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment | 1.68% | 1.74% | 0.84%
Ending total loans | $ 17,519 | $ 19,525 | $ 21,180
Average loans in repayment | 17,749 | 19,796 | 20,150
Ending loans in repayment | $ 16,796 | $ 18,770 | $ 20,284

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