v3.19.1

Valuation | 3 Months Ended
--- | ---
Mar. 31, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Valuation | Valuation The table below reflects the value of the Company's Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2019:
Description |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
|  | (In thousands)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities, at fair value- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency RMBS |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,137,826 |  |  | $ | 6,389 |  |  | $ | 1,144,215 |
Non-Agency RMBS |  | — |  |  | 111,500 |  |  | 94,670 |  |  | 206,170 |
CMBS |  | — |  |  | 28,055 |  |  | 5,137 |  |  | 33,192 |
CLOs |  | — |  |  | 76,559 |  |  | 21,438 |  |  | 97,997 |
Asset-backed securities, backed by consumer loans |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24,108 |  |  | 24,108 |
Corporate debt securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,737 |  |  | 5,737 |
Corporate equity securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,465 |  |  | 1,465 |
U.S. Treasury securities |  | — |  |  | 16,601 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,601 |
Loans, at fair value- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage loans |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 583,252 |  |  | 583,252 |
Commercial mortgage loans |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 239,623 |  |  | 239,623 |
Consumer loans |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 192,115 |  |  | 192,115 |
Investment in unconsolidated entities, at fair value |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 58,152 |  |  | 58,152 |
Financial derivatives–assets, at fair value- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,233 |  |  | 1,233 |
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices |  | — |  |  | 3,276 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,276 |
Credit default swaps on corporate bonds |  | — |  |  | 715 |  |  | — |  |  | 715 |
Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices |  | — |  |  | 3,519 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,519 |
Interest rate swaps |  | — |  |  | 5,391 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,391 |
TBAs |  | — |  |  | 531 |  |  | — |  |  | 531 |
Futures |  | 138 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 138 |
Forwards |  | — |  |  | 430 |  |  | — |  |  | 430 |
Total return swaps |  | — |  |  | 123 |  |  | — |  |  | 123 |
Total assets |  | $ | 138 |  |  | $ | 1,384,526 |  |  | $ | 1,233,319 |  |  | $ | 2,617,983 |
Description |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
(continued) |  | (In thousands)
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities sold short, at fair value- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government debt |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (21,771 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (21,771 | )
Corporate debt securities |  | — |  |  | (4,441 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4,441 | )
Financial derivatives–liabilities, at fair value- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices |  | — |  |  | (822 | ) |  | — |  |  | (822 | )
Credit default swaps on corporate bonds |  | — |  |  | (953 | ) |  | — |  |  | (953 | )
Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices |  | — |  |  | (11,907 | ) |  | — |  |  | (11,907 | )
Interest rate swaps |  | — |  |  | (7,571 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7,571 | )
TBAs |  | — |  |  | (3,075 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,075 | )
Futures |  | (2,454 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,454 | )
Forwards |  | — |  |  | (122 | ) |  | — |  |  | (122 | )
Other secured borrowings, at fair value |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (282,124 | ) |  | (282,124 | )
Total liabilities |  | $ | (2,454 | ) |  | $ | (50,662 | ) |  | $ | (282,124 | ) |  | $ | (335,240 | )
The following table identifies the significant unobservable inputs that affect the valuation of the Company's Level 3 assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2019:
|  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range |  | Weighted Average
Description |  |  |  |  | Min |  | Max |
|  | (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-Agency RMBS |  | $ | 42,096 |  |  | Market Quotes |  | Non Binding Third-Party Valuation |  | $ | 15.72 |  |  | $ | 184.92 |  |  | $ | 82.84 |
CMBS |  | 5,137 |  |  | Market Quotes |  | Non Binding Third-Party Valuation |  | 5.94 |  |  | 70.90 |  |  | 60.88 |
CLOs |  | 13,508 |  |  | Market Quotes |  | Non Binding Third-Party Valuation |  | 27.30 |  |  | 80.00 |  |  | 72.87 |
Agency interest only RMBS |  | 705 |  |  | Market Quotes |  | Non Binding Third-Party Valuation |  | 8.42 |  |  | 14.43 |  |  | 11.96 |
Corporate debt and equity |  | 1,452 |  |  | Market Quotes |  | Non Binding Third-Party Valuation |  | 83.50 |  |  | 83.50 |  |  | 83.50 |
Non-Agency RMBS |  | 52,574 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield |  | 0.5 | % |  | 67.1 | % |  | 9.5 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Prepayments |  | 15.1 | % |  | 77.8 | % |  | 46.6 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Losses |  | 0.1 | % |  | 17.6 | % |  | 8.8 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Recoveries |  | 1.7 | % |  | 15.8 | % |  | 8.2 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization |  | 16.3 | % |  | 63.0 | % |  | 36.4 | %
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 100.0 | %
Corporate debt and equity |  | 5,750 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield |  | 10.0 | % |  | 19.6 | % |  | 16.7 | %
CLOs |  | 7,930 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield |  | 8.7 | % |  | 15.2 | % |  | 11.8 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Prepayments |  | 19.9 | % |  | 87.3 | % |  | 52.5 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Losses |  | 5.3 | % |  | 30.8 | % |  | 15.7 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Recoveries |  | 4.2 | % |  | 13.7 | % |  | 8.8 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization |  | — | % |  | 65.2 | % |  | 23.0 | %
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 100.0 | %
(continued) |  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range |  | Weighted Average
Description |  |  |  |  | Min |  | Max |
|  | (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ABS backed by consumer loans |  | 24,108 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield |  | 12.0 | % |  | 18.7 | % |  | 12.2 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Prepayments |  | 0.0 | % |  | 11.0 | % |  | 9.4 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Losses |  | 1.6 | % |  | 16.6 | % |  | 14.9 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization |  | 72.9 | % |  | 98.4 | % |  | 75.7 | %
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 100.0 | %
Consumer loans |  | 192,115 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield |  | 7.0 | % |  | 10.0 | % |  | 8.0 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Prepayments |  | 0.0 | % |  | 55.4 | % |  | 41.5 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Losses |  | 4.0 | % |  | 86.6 | % |  | 8.0 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization |  | 13.4 | % |  | 85.7 | % |  | 50.5 | %
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 100.0 | %
Performing commercial mortgage loans |  | 198,823 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield |  | 8.0 | % |  | 22.5 | % |  | 9.4 | %
Non-performing commercial mortgage loans |  | 40,800 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield |  | 10.5 | % |  | 14.1 | % |  | 12.8 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Months to Resolution |  | 0.0 |  |  | 5.0 |  |  | 3.0 |
Performing and re-performing residential mortgage loans |  | 274,572 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield |  | 4.1 | % |  | 22.6 | % |  | 6.0 | %
Securitized residential mortgage loans(1) |  | 296,366 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield |  | 4.4 | % |  | 4.6 | % |  | 4.5 | %
Non-performing residential mortgage loans |  | 12,314 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield |  | 4.3 | % |  | 33.3 | % |  | 11.9 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Months to Resolution |  | 13.5 |  |  | 62.6 |  |  | 32.3 |
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities |  | 1,233 |  |  | Net Discounted Cash Flows |  | Projected Collateral Prepayments |  | 34.1 | % |  | 38.6 | % |  | 36.0 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Losses |  | 11.7 | % |  | 18.1 | % |  | 13.3 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Recoveries |  | 14.2 | % |  | 17.5 | % |  | 16.2 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization |  | 29.1 | % |  | 36.5 | % |  | 34.5 | %
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 100.0 | %
Agency interest only RMBS |  | 5,684 |  |  | Option Adjusted Spread ("OAS") |  | LIBOR OAS(2) |  | 93 |  |  | 3,527 |  |  | 654 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Prepayments |  | 30.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 67.7 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization |  | 0.0 | % |  | 70.0 | % |  | 32.3 | %
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 100.0 | %
Investment in unconsolidated entities |  | 31,849 |  |  | Enterprise Value |  | Equity Price-to-Book(3) |  | 1.0X |  | 3.1X |  | 1.4X
Investment in unconsolidated entities |  | 3,000 |  |  | Recent Transactions |  | Transaction Price |  | n/a |  | n/a |  | n/a
Investment in unconsolidated entities |  | 23,303 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield(4) |  | 5.5% |  | 19.6% |  | 10.2%
Other secured borrowings, at fair value(1) |  | (282,124 | ) |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield |  | 4.0% |  | 4.1% |  | 4.1%
(1) | Securitized residential mortgage loans and Other secured borrowings, at fair value, represent financial assets and liabilities of the Company's CFE as discussed in Note 2.
(2) | Shown in basis points.
(3) | Represent an estimation of where market participants might value an enterprise on a price-to-book basis.
(4) | Represents the significant unobservable inputs used to fair value the financial instruments of the unconsolidated entity. The fair value of such financial instruments is the largest component of the valuation of such entity as a whole.
Third-party non-binding valuations are validated by comparing such valuations to internally generated prices based on the Company's models and, when available, to recent trading activity in the same or similar instruments. For those instruments valued using discounted and net discounted cash flows, collateral prepayments, losses, recoveries, and scheduled amortization are projected over the remaining life of the collateral and expressed as a percentage of the collateral's current principal balance. Averages are weighted based on the fair value of the related instrument. In the case of credit default swaps on asset-backed securities, averages are weighted based on each instrument's bond equivalent value. Bond equivalent value represents the investment amount of a corresponding position in the reference obligation, calculated as the difference between the outstanding principal balance of the underlying reference obligation and the fair value, inclusive of accrued interest, of the derivative contract. For those assets valued using the LIBOR Option Adjusted Spread ("LIBOR OAS") valuation methodology, cash flows are projected using the Company's models over multiple interest rate scenarios, and these projected cash flows are then discounted using the LIBOR rates implied by each interest rate scenario. The LIBOR OAS of an asset is then computed as the unique constant yield spread that, when added to all LIBOR rates in each interest rate scenario generated by the model, will equate (a) the expected present value of the projected asset cash flows over all model scenarios to (b) the actual current market price of the asset. LIBOR OAS is therefore model-dependent. Generally speaking, LIBOR OAS measures the additional yield spread over LIBOR that an asset provides at its current market price after taking into account any interest rate options embedded in the asset. The Company considers the expected timeline to resolution in the determination of fair value for its non-performing commercial and residential mortgage loans. Material changes in any of the inputs above in isolation could result in a significant change to reported fair value measurements. Additionally, fair value measurements are impacted by the interrelationships of these inputs. For example, for instruments subject to prepayments and credit losses, such as non-Agency RMBS and consumer loans and ABS backed by consumer loans, a higher expectation of collateral prepayments will generally be accompanied by a lower expectation of collateral losses. Conversely, higher losses will generally be accompanied by lower prepayments. Because the Company's credit default swaps on asset-backed security holdings represent credit default swap contracts whereby the Company has purchased credit protection, such credit default swaps on asset-backed securities generally have the directionally opposite sensitivity to prepayments, losses, and recoveries as compared to the Company's long securities holdings. Prepayments do not represent a significant input for the Company's commercial mortgage-backed securities and commercial mortgage loans. Losses and recoveries do not represent a significant input for the Company's Agency RMBS interest only securities, given the guarantee of the issuing government agency or government-sponsored enterprise. The tables below include a roll-forward of the Company's financial instruments for the three-month period ended March 31, 2019 (including the change in fair value), for financial instruments classified by the Company within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 3—Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Unobservable Inputs: Three-Month Period Ended March 31, 2019
(In thousands) | Beginning Balance as of January 1, 2019 |  | Accreted Discounts / (Amortized Premiums) |  | Net Realized Gain/ (Loss) |  | Change in Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) |  | Purchases/ Payments |  | Sales/ Issuances |  | Transfers Into Level 3 |  | Transfers Out of Level 3 |  | Ending Balance as of March 31, 2019
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities, at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency RMBS | $ | 7,293 |  |  | $ | (774 | ) |  | $ | (594 | ) |  | $ | 189 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 842 |  |  | $ | (573 | ) |  | $ | 6,389 |
Non-Agency RMBS | 91,291 |  |  | 63 |  |  | (101 | ) |  | (535 | ) |  | 15,546 |  |  | (19,436 | ) |  | 10,492 |  |  | (2,650 | ) |  | 94,670 |
CMBS | 803 |  |  | (14 | ) |  | — |  |  | (8 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,356 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,137 |
CLOs | 14,915 |  |  | (406 | ) |  | (83 | ) |  | 49 |  |  | 8,304 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,341 | ) |  | 21,438 |
Asset-backed securities backed by consumer loans | 22,800 |  |  | (609 | ) |  | (512 | ) |  | 762 |  |  | 4,940 |  |  | (3,273 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24,108 |
Corporate debt securities | 6,318 |  |  | 16 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (77 | ) |  | 384 |  |  | (903 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,737 |
Corporate equity securities | 1,530 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (65 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,465 |
Loans, at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage loans | 496,829 |  |  | (927 | ) |  | (136 | ) |  | 1,901 |  |  | 157,602 |  |  | (72,017 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 583,252 |
Commercial mortgage loans | 195,301 |  |  | 306 |  |  | — |  |  | (333 | ) |  | 48,857 |  |  | (4,508 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 239,623 |
Consumer loans | 183,961 |  |  | (8,572 | ) |  | (2,055 | ) |  | 1,842 |  |  | 54,256 |  |  | (37,317 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 192,115 |
Investment in unconsolidated entities, at fair value | 72,302 |  |  | 276 |  |  | 1,560 |  |  | (39 | ) |  | 13,428 |  |  | (29,375 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 58,152 |
Financial derivatives–assets, at fair value- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | 1,472 |  |  | — |  |  | 275 |  |  | (239 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | (277 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,233 |
Total assets, at fair value | $ | 1,094,815 |  |  | $ | (10,641 | ) |  | $ | (1,647 | ) |  | $ | 3,447 |  |  | $ | 303,325 |  |  | $ | (167,106 | ) |  | $ | 15,690 |  |  | $ | (4,564 | ) |  | $ | 1,233,319 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other secured borrowings, at fair value | $ | (297,948 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 57 |  |  | $ | 15,767 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (282,124 | )
Total liabilities, at fair value | $ | (297,948 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 57 |  |  | $ | 15,767 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (282,124 | )
All amounts of net realized and change in net unrealized gain (loss) in the table above are reflected in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. The table above incorporates changes in net unrealized gain (loss) for both Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at March 31, 2019, as well as Level 3 financial instruments disposed of by the Company during the three-month period ended March 31, 2019. For Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at March 31, 2019, change in net unrealized gain (loss) of $0.7 million, $3.4 million, $(2.1) million, $(0.2) million, and $57 thousand, for the three-month period ended March 31, 2019 relate to securities, loans, investments in unconsolidated entities, financial derivatives–assets, and other secured borrowings, at fair value, respectively. At March 31, 2019, the Company transferred $4.6 million of assets from Level 3 to Level 2 and $15.7 million from Level 2 to Level 3. Transfers between these hierarchy levels were based on the availability of sufficient observable inputs to meet Level 2 versus Level 3 criteria. The leveling of each financial instrument is reassessed at the end of each period, and is based on pricing information received from third-party pricing sources. The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of all other financial instruments not measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2019:
|  | March 31, 2019
(In thousands) |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Value
Other financial instruments |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 55,876 |  |  | $ | 55,876 |
Restricted cash |  | 175 |  |  | 175 |
Due from brokers |  | 58,145 |  |  | 58,145 |
Reverse repurchase agreements |  | 25,381 |  |  | 25,381 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |
Repurchase agreements |  | 1,550,016 |  |  | 1,550,016 |
Other secured borrowings |  | 117,315 |  |  | 117,315 |
Senior notes, net |  | 85,100 |  |  | 85,100 |
Due to brokers |  | 4,820 |  |  | 4,820 |
Cash and cash equivalents includes cash held in an interest bearing overnight account, for which fair value equals the carrying value, and cash held in money market accounts, which are liquid in nature and for which fair value equals the carrying value; such assets are considered Level 1. Restricted cash includes cash held in a segregated account for which fair value equals the carrying value; such assets are considered Level 1. Due from brokers and Due to brokers include collateral transferred to or received from counterparties, along with receivables and payables for open and/or closed derivative positions. These receivables and payables are short term in nature and any collateral transferred consists primarily of cash; fair value of these items is approximated by carrying value and such items are considered Level 1. The Company's reverse repurchase agreements, repurchase agreements, and other secured borrowings are carried at cost, which approximates fair value due to their short term nature. Reverse repurchase agreements, repurchase agreements, and other secured borrowings are classified as Level 2 based on the adequacy of the collateral and their short term nature. The Senior notes are considered Level 3 liabilities given the relative unobservability of the most significant inputs to valuation estimation as well as the lack of trading activity of these instruments. Valuation The table below reflects the value of the Company's Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 financial instruments at December 31, 2018:
Description |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
|  | (In thousands)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents |  | $ | 12,460 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,460 |
Investments, at fair value- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,442,924 |  |  | $ | 7,293 |  |  | $ | 1,450,217 |
U.S. Treasury securities |  | — |  |  | 76 |  |  | — |  |  | 76 |
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities |  | — |  |  | 211,348 |  |  | 91,291 |  |  | 302,639 |
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities |  | — |  |  | 33,105 |  |  | 803 |  |  | 33,908 |
Commercial mortgage loans |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 211,185 |  |  | 211,185 |
Residential mortgage loans |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 496,830 |  |  | 496,830 |
Collateralized loan obligations |  | — |  |  | 108,978 |  |  | 14,915 |  |  | 123,893 |
Consumer loans and asset-backed securities backed by consumer loans |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 206,761 |  |  | 206,761 |
Corporate debt |  | — |  |  | 16,074 |  |  | 6,318 |  |  | 22,392 |
Secured notes |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,917 |  |  | 10,917 |
Real estate owned |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34,500 |  |  | 34,500 |
Common stock |  | 2,200 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,200 |
Corporate equity investments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43,793 |  |  | 43,793 |
Total investments, at fair value |  | 2,200 |  |  | 1,812,505 |  |  | 1,124,606 |  |  | 2,939,311 |
Financial derivatives–assets, at fair value- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,472 |  |  | 1,472 |
Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices |  | — |  |  | 733 |  |  | — |  |  | 733 |
Credit default swaps on corporate bonds |  | — |  |  | 2,473 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,473 |
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices |  | — |  |  | 8,092 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,092 |
Total return swaps |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Interest rate swaps |  | — |  |  | 7,224 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,224 |
Forwards |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Total financial derivatives–assets, at fair value |  | — |  |  | 18,529 |  |  | 1,472 |  |  | 20,001 |
Repurchase agreements, at fair value |  | — |  |  | 61,274 |  |  | — |  |  | 61,274 |
Total investments, financial derivatives–assets, and repurchase agreements, at fair value |  | $ | 2,200 |  |  | $ | 1,892,308 |  |  | $ | 1,126,078 |  |  | $ | 3,020,586 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments sold short, at fair value- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (772,964 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (772,964 | )
Government debt |  | — |  |  | (54,151 | ) |  | — |  |  | (54,151 | )
Corporate debt |  | — |  |  | (6,529 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6,529 | )
Common stock |  | (16,933 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16,933 | )
Total investments sold short, at fair value |  | (16,933 | ) |  | (833,644 | ) |  | — |  |  | (850,577 | )
Description |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
(continued) |  | (In thousands)
Financial derivatives–liabilities, at fair value- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (11,557 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (11,557 | )
Credit default swaps on corporate bonds |  | — |  |  | (3,246 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,246 | )
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices |  | — |  |  | (2,125 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,125 | )
Interest rate swaps |  | — |  |  | (3,397 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,397 | )
Total return swaps |  | — |  |  | (6 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6 | )
Futures |  | (355 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (355 | )
Forwards |  | — |  |  | (120 | ) |  | — |  |  | (120 | )
Total financial derivatives–liabilities, at fair value |  | (355 | ) |  | (20,451 | ) |  | — |  |  | (20,806 | )
Other secured borrowings, at fair value |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (297,948 | ) |  | (297,948 | )
Total investments sold short, financial derivatives–liabilities, and other secured borrowings, at fair value |  | $ | (17,288 | ) |  | $ | (854,095 | ) |  | $ | (297,948 | ) |  | $ | (1,169,331 | )
The following table identifies the significant unobservable inputs that affect the valuation of the Company's Level 3 assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2018:
|  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range |  | Weighted Average
Description |  |  |  |  | Min |  | Max |
|  | (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities |  | $ | 36,945 |  |  | Market Quotes |  | Non Binding Third-Party Valuation |  | $ | 17.42 |  |  | $ | 178.00 |  |  | $ | 78.31 |
Collateralized loan obligations |  | 5,828 |  |  | Market Quotes |  | Non Binding Third-Party Valuation |  | 2.64 |  |  | 375.00 |  |  | 167.78 |
Corporate debt, non-exchange traded corporate equity, and secured notes |  | 13,976 |  |  | Market Quotes |  | Non Binding Third-Party Valuation |  | 9.69 |  |  | 91.00 |  |  | 59.18 |
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities |  | 576 |  |  | Market Quotes |  | Non Binding Third-Party Valuation |  | 5.93 |  |  | 6.36 |  |  | 6.14 |
Agency interest only residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 744 |  |  | Market Quotes |  | Non Binding Third-Party Valuation |  | 1.70 |  |  | 9.12 |  |  | 5.64 |
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 54,346 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield |  | 3.5 | % |  | 66.1 | % |  | 10.7 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Prepayments |  | 16.0 | % |  | 92.1 | % |  | 50.4 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Losses |  | 0.0 | % |  | 23.1 | % |  | 8.7 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Recoveries |  | 1.5 | % |  | 14.6 | % |  | 7.3 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization |  | 6.1 | % |  | 61.8 | % |  | 33.6 | %
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 100.0 | %
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities |  | 227 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield |  | 3.4 | % |  | 3.4 | % |  | 3.4 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Losses |  | 2.0 | % |  | 2.0 | % |  | 2.0 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Recoveries |  | 6.6 | % |  | 6.6 | % |  | 6.6 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization |  | 91.4 | % |  | 91.4 | % |  | 91.4 | %
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 100.0 | %
Corporate debt and non-exchange traded corporate equity |  | 4,793 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield |  | 17.5 | % |  | 17.5 | % |  | 17.5 | %
(continued) |  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range |  | Weighted Average
Description |  |  |  |  | Min |  | Max |
|  | (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Collateralized loan obligations |  | $ | 9,087 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield |  | 12.6 | % |  | 103.1 | % |  | 26.7 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Prepayments |  | 8.1 | % |  | 88.4 | % |  | 65.2 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Losses |  | 3.7 | % |  | 40.8 | % |  | 13.5 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Recoveries |  | 4.2 | % |  | 38.0 | % |  | 11.9 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization |  | 3.5 | % |  | 13.5 | % |  | 9.4 | %
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 100.0 | %
Consumer loans and asset-backed securities backed by consumer loans |  | 206,761 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield |  | 7.0 | % |  | 18.3 | % |  | 8.5 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Prepayments |  | 0.0 | % |  | 45.9 | % |  | 33.5 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Losses |  | 2.6 | % |  | 84.8 | % |  | 9.1 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization |  | 15.2 | % |  | 96.6 | % |  | 57.4 | %
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 100.0 | %
Performing commercial mortgage loans |  | 163,876 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield |  | 8.0 | % |  | 22.5 | % |  | 9.6 | %
Non-performing commercial mortgage loans and commercial real estate owned |  | 80,513 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield |  | 9.6 | % |  | 27.4 | % |  | 13.2 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Months to Resolution |  | 3.0 |  |  | 16.0 |  |  | 7.9 |
Performing residential mortgage loans |  | 171,367 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield |  | 2.7 | % |  | 12.9 | % |  | 6.0 | %
Securitized residential mortgage loans(1) |  | 314,202 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield |  | 4.3 | % |  | 4.6 | % |  | 4.6 | %
Non-performing residential mortgage loans and residential real estate owned |  | 12,557 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield |  | 4.3 | % |  | 25.1 | % |  | 11.3 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Months to Resolution(2) |  | 1.9 |  |  | 42.2 |  |  | 27.8 |
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities |  | 1,472 |  |  | Net Discounted Cash Flows |  | Projected Collateral Prepayments |  | 33.6 | % |  | 42.0 | % |  | 36.5 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Losses |  | 11.1 | % |  | 15.6 | % |  | 12.8 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Recoveries |  | 10.3 | % |  | 18.7 | % |  | 15.8 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization |  | 32.0 | % |  | 36.5 | % |  | 34.9 | %
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 100.0 | %
Agency interest only residential mortgage-backed securities |  | 6,549 |  |  | Option Adjusted Spread ("OAS") |  | LIBOR OAS(3) |  | 211 |  |  | 3,521 |  |  | 677 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Prepayments |  | 37.7 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 66.2 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization |  | 0.0 | % |  | 62.3 | % |  | 33.8 | %
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 100.0 | %
Non-exchange traded common equity investment in mortgage-related entity |  | 6,750 |  |  | Enterprise Value |  | Equity Price-to-Book(4) |  | 3.3x |  | 3.3x |  | 3.3x
Non-exchange traded preferred equity investment in mortgage-related entity |  | 27,317 |  |  | Enterprise Value |  | Equity Price-to-Book(4) |  | 1.1x |  | 1.1x |  | 1.1x
Non-exchange traded preferred equity investment in loan origination entity |  | 3,000 |  |  | Recent Transactions |  | Transaction Price |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A
Non-controlling equity interest in limited liability company |  | 5,192 |  |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield(5) |  | 12.9% |  | 16.1% |  | 15.4%
Other secured borrowings, at fair value(1) |  | (297,948 | ) |  | Discounted Cash Flows |  | Yield |  | 3.9% |  | 4.4% |  | 4.3%
(1) | Securitized residential mortgage loans and Other secured borrowings, at fair value, represent financial assets and liabilities of the Company's CFE as discussed in Note 2.
(2) | Excludes certain loans that are re-performing.
(3) | Shown in basis points.
(4) | Represent an estimation of where market participants might value an enterprise on a price-to-book basis.
(5) | Represents the significant unobservable inputs used to fair value the financial instruments of the limited liability company. The fair value of such financial instruments is the largest component of the valuation of the limited liability company as a whole.
Third-party non-binding valuations are validated by comparing such valuations to internally generated prices based on the Company's models and to recent trading activity in the same or similar instruments. For those instruments valued using discounted and net discounted cash flows, collateral prepayments, losses, recoveries, and scheduled amortization are projected over the remaining life of the collateral and expressed as a percentage of the collateral's current principal balance. Averages are weighted based on the fair value of the related instrument. In the case of credit default swaps on asset-backed securities, averages are weighted based on each instrument's bond equivalent value. Bond equivalent value represents the investment amount of a corresponding position in the reference obligation, calculated as the difference between the outstanding principal balance of the underlying reference obligation and the fair value, inclusive of accrued interest, of the derivative contract. For those assets valued using the LIBOR Option Adjusted Spread ("OAS") valuation methodology, cash flows are projected using the Company's models over multiple interest rate scenarios, and these projected cash flows are then discounted using the LIBOR rates implied by each interest rate scenario. The LIBOR OAS of an asset is then computed as the unique constant yield spread that, when added to all LIBOR rates in each interest rate scenario generated by the model, will equate (a) the expected present value of the projected asset cash flows over all model scenarios to (b) the actual current market price of the asset. LIBOR OAS is therefore model-dependent. Generally speaking, LIBOR OAS measures the additional yield spread over LIBOR that an asset provides at its current market price after taking into account any interest rate options embedded in the asset. The Company considers the expected timeline to resolution in the determination of fair value for its non-performing commercial and residential mortgage loans. Material changes in any of the inputs above in isolation could result in a significant change to reported fair value measurements. Additionally, fair value measurements are impacted by the interrelationships of these inputs. For example, for instruments subject to prepayments and credit losses, such as non-Agency RMBS and consumer loans and ABS backed by consumer loans, a higher expectation of collateral prepayments will generally be accompanied by a lower expectation of collateral losses. Conversely, higher losses will generally be accompanied by lower prepayments. Because the Company's credit default swaps on asset-backed security holdings represent credit default swap contracts whereby the Company has purchased credit protection, such credit default swaps on asset-backed securities generally have the directionally opposite sensitivity to prepayments, losses, and recoveries as compared to the Company's long securities holdings. Prepayments do not represent a significant input for the Company's commercial mortgage-backed securities and commercial mortgage loans. Losses and recoveries do not represent a significant input for the Company's Agency RMBS interest only securities, given the guarantee of the issuing government agency or government-sponsored enterprise. The tables below include a roll-forward of the Company's financial instruments for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 (including the change in fair value), for financial instruments classified by the Company within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 3—Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Unobservable Inputs: Three-Month Period Ended March 31, 2018
(In thousands) | Ending Balance as of December 31, 2017 |  | Accreted Discounts / (Amortized Premiums) |  | Net Realized Gain/ (Loss) |  | Change in Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) |  | Purchases/ Payments |  | Sales/ Issuances |  | Transfers Into Level 3 |  | Transfers Out of Level 3 |  | Ending Balance as of March 31, 2018
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments, at fair value- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | 6,173 |  |  | $ | (600 | ) |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 264 |  |  | $ | 1,101 |  |  | $ | (388 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (461 | ) |  | $ | 6,128 |
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities | 101,297 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 2,288 |  |  | 293 |  |  | 20,660 |  |  | (21,574 | ) |  | 11,561 |  |  | (2,769 | ) |  | 111,862 |
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities | 12,347 |  |  | (183 | ) |  | 1,554 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 9,624 |  |  | (7,366 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,388 | ) |  | 13,709 |
Commercial mortgage loans | 108,301 |  |  | 618 |  |  | 330 |  |  | (161 | ) |  | 3,988 |  |  | (3,782 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 109,294 |
Residential mortgage loans | 182,472 |  |  | (715 | ) |  | (54 | ) |  | (653 | ) |  | 73,040 |  |  | (13,309 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 240,781 |
Collateralized loan obligations | 24,911 |  |  | 455 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 226 |  |  | 10,095 |  |  | (8,210 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,479 |
(In thousands) | Ending Balance as of December 31, 2017 |  | Accreted Discounts / (Amortized Premiums) |  | Net Realized Gain/ (Loss) |  | Change in Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) |  | Purchases/ Payments |  | Sales/ Issuances |  | Transfers Into Level 3 |  | Transfers Out of Level 3 |  | Ending Balance as of March 31, 2018
(Continued) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consumer loans and asset-backed securities backed by consumer loans | $ | 135,258 |  |  | $ | (5,896 | ) |  | $ | 501 |  |  | $ | 3,804 |  |  | $ | 42,133 |  |  | $ | (27,378 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 148,422 |
Corporate debt | 23,947 |  |  | (114 | ) |  | 52 |  |  | 364 |  |  | 456 |  |  | (6,705 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,000 |
Real estate owned | 26,277 |  |  | — |  |  | (456 | ) |  | 615 |  |  | 4,098 |  |  | (1,424 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,110 |
Corporate equity investments | 37,465 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,326 |  |  | 9,078 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50,869 |
Total investments, at fair value | 658,448 |  |  | (6,329 | ) |  | 4,256 |  |  | 9,199 |  |  | 174,273 |  |  | (90,136 | ) |  | 11,561 |  |  | (5,618 | ) |  | 755,654 |
Financial derivatives–assets, at fair value- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | 3,140 |  |  | — |  |  | 86 |  |  | (71 | ) |  | 24 |  |  | (110 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,069 |
Total financial derivatives– assets, at fair value | 3,140 |  |  | — |  |  | 86 |  |  | (71 | ) |  | 24 |  |  | (110 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,069 |
Total investments and financial derivatives–assets, at fair value | $ | 661,588 |  |  | $ | (6,329 | ) |  | $ | 4,342 |  |  | $ | 9,128 |  |  | $ | 174,297 |  |  | $ | (90,246 | ) |  | $ | 11,561 |  |  | $ | (5,618 | ) |  | $ | 758,723 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other secured borrowings, at fair value | $ | (125,105 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 784 |  |  | $ | 10,546 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (113,775 | )
Total other secured borrowings, at fair value | $ | (125,105 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 784 |  |  | $ | 10,546 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (113,775 | )
All amounts of net realized and change in net unrealized gain (loss) in the table above are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations. The table above incorporates changes in net unrealized gain (loss) for both Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at March 31, 2018, as well as Level 3 financial instruments disposed of by the Company during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018. For Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at March 31, 2018, change in net unrealized gain (loss) of $8.6 million, $(0.1) million, and $0.8 million, for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 relate to investments, financial derivatives–assets, and other secured borrowings, at fair value, respectively. As of June 30, 2017, the Company modified its procedures to determine the level within the hierarchy for certain financial instruments. Under the revised procedures, the Company examines financial instruments individually rather than in cohorts of like instruments as it had previously. As of March 31, 2018, the Company transferred $5.6 million of securities from Level 3 to Level 2 and $11.6 million from Level 2 to Level 3. Transfers between these hierarchy levels were based on the availability of sufficient observable inputs to meet Level 2 versus Level 3 criteria. The leveling of each financial instrument is reassessed at the end of each period, and is based on pricing information received from third party pricing sources. Not included in the disclosures above are the Company's other financial instruments, which are carried at cost and include, Cash, Due from brokers, Due to brokers, Reverse repurchase agreements, Other secured borrowings, and the Company's unsecured long-term debt, or the "Senior Notes," which is reflected on the Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity in Senior notes, net. Cash includes cash held in various accounts including an interest bearing overnight account for which fair value equals the carrying value; such assets are considered Level 1 assets. Due from brokers and Due to brokers include collateral transferred to or received from counterparties, along with receivables and payables for open and/or closed derivative positions. These receivables and payables are short term in nature and any collateral transferred consists primarily of cash; carrying value of these items approximates fair value and such items are considered Level 1 assets and liabilities. The Company's reverse repurchase agreements and Other secured borrowings are carried at cost, which approximates fair value due to their short term nature. Reverse repurchase agreements and Other secured borrowings are considered Level 2 assets and liabilities based on the adequacy of the associated collateral and their short term nature. The Company estimates the fair value of the Senior Notes at $86.0 million as of December 31, 2018. The Senior Notes are considered Level 3 liabilities given the relative unobservability of the most significant inputs to valuation estimation as well as the lack of trading activity of these instruments.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2155941 + Details
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