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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2026
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no significant changes from the significant accounting policies and estimates disclosed in Note 2 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025 and notes thereto, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K that was filed with the SEC on March 10, 2026.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected within these condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, research and development expenses and accruals, and the valuation of the Company’s stock-based awards. The Company bases its estimates on known trends and other market-specific or relevant factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, as there are changes in circumstances, facts and experience. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. Actual results may differ materially from those estimates or assumptions.

Concentrations of Credit Risk and of Significant Suppliers

Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents at high-quality and accredited financial institutions in amounts that could exceed federally insured limits. Cash equivalents are invested in money market funds. However, the Company does not believe that it is subject to unusual credit risk beyond the normal credit risk associated with commercial banking relationships. The Company’s short-term investments consist of U.S. Treasury bills, government securities, and government agency securities and as a result, the Company believes represent minimal credit risk.

The Company is dependent on third-party vendors for its product candidates. In particular, the Company relies, and expects to continue to rely, on a small number of vendors and collaborations with third parties to manufacture supplies and process its product candidates for its development programs. These programs could be adversely affected by a significant interruption in the manufacturing process.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 was restricted as cash collateral for the Company’s business credit card program.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all short-term, highly liquid investments, with original maturities of three months or less, to be cash equivalents. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 , cash equivalents includes $40.1 million and $47.9 million held in money market funds, respectively.

Short-Term Investments

The Company’s short-term investments consist of investments in debt securities, including U.S. Treasury bills, government securities, and government agency securities with remaining maturities beyond three months at the date of purchase that are available to be converted into cash to fund its current operations. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, all of the Company’s debt securities were classified as available-for-sale and were carried at fair market value (see Note 3). The unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Realized gains and losses are included in other income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and are determined using the specific identification method with transactions recorded on a trade date basis.

Debt securities in an unrealized loss position are evaluated for impairment at least quarterly. For available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether or not it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the investment security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through net loss.

For available-for-sale debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In conducting this assessment for debt securities in an unrealized loss position, management evaluates the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors.

If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the investment security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any unrealized loss that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit loss is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there was no allowance for credit losses recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The Company’s interest income consists of interest earned from cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments.

Deferred Offering Costs

The Company capitalizes certain legal, professional, accounting and other third-party fees that are directly associated with in-process equity financings as deferred offering costs until such financings are consummated. After consummation of an equity financing, these costs are recorded as a reduction of the proceeds from the offering, either as a reduction of the carrying value of the convertible preferred stock or in stockholders’ equity (deficit) as a reduction of additional paid-in capital generated as a result of the offering. Should the in-process equity financing be abandoned, the deferred offering costs would be expensed immediately as a charge to operating expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. In connection with the 2026 Registration Statement (as defined below), there were $0.4 million of deferred offering costs recorded.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company recorded deferred offering costs of $0.4 million and $35 thousand, respectively, on its condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Collaboration Arrangements

The Company analyzes its license agreements at contract inception to assess whether they are collaborative arrangements as defined by ASC No. 808, Collaborative Arrangements (ASC 808). Such determination is made based on whether the arrangements involve a joint operating activity in which both parties are active participants and exposed to significant risks and rewards that are dependent on the commercial success of the activity. To the extent an arrangement is within the scope of ASC 808, the Company evaluates whether any aspect of the arrangement between the Company and its partner is subject to other accounting literature. Transactions in a collaborative arrangement associated with vendor-customer exchanges between the parties are accounted for in accordance with ASC No. 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606). Any aspect of a collaborative arrangement that is within the scope of other literature is accounted for pursuant to the applicable guidance. Transactions between collaborative partners that are outside the scope of other guidance are accounted for based on an analogy to authoritative accounting literature, or a reasonable, rational and consistently applied accounting policy election if there is no appropriate analogy. The Company considers the nature of the arrangement, nature of its business operations and contractual terms of the arrangement in determining the treatment of transactions not addressed within other accounting literature. Payments or reimbursements from collaborators related to shared research and development costs are recorded as a reduction to research and development expense, as such amounts represent cost‑sharing in the context of a collaborative arrangement rather than consideration for goods or services provided to a customer.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue recognized to-date has been generated exclusively from the Company’s license arrangement with Tenacia Biotechnology (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd. (“Tenacia”) pursuant to which it licensed the rights to certain named compounds for exploitation in specified territories (the “Tenacia License Agreement”). Through March 31, 2026, the Company has no products approved for commercial use and has not generated any revenue from product sales. Accordingly, the Company’s revenue has been presented as collaboration revenue within the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

For transactions and contracts in which the counterparty is a customer, the Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606. Under ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of the promised goods and/or services in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods and/or services. To determine the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized for agreements and elements of contracts determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following steps: (i) Identify the contract(s) with the customer, (ii) Identify the promised goods and/or services in the contract and determine which promised goods and/or services represent performance obligations, (iii) Measure the transaction price, (iv) Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and (v) Recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied.

Pursuant to the guidance in ASC 606, the Company accounts for a contract or elements of a contract with a customer that is within the scope of ASC 606, when all of the following criteria are met: (i) The arrangement has been approved by the parties and the parties are committed to perform their respective obligations, (ii) Each party’s rights regarding the goods and/or services to be transferred can be identified, (iii) The payment terms for the goods and/or services to be transferred can be identified, (iv) The arrangement has commercial substance and (v) Collection of substantially all of the consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for the goods and/or services that will be transferred to the customer is probable.

The Company assesses the goods and/or services promised within a contract or elements of a contract that contains multiple promises to evaluate which promises are distinct. Promises are considered to be distinct and therefore, accounted for as separate performance obligations, provided that: (i) The customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and (ii) The promise to transfer the good or service to the customer is separately identifiable from the other promises in the contract or elements of a contract. The Company determines that a customer can benefit from a good or service if it could be used, consumed, sold or otherwise held in a way that generates economic benefits. Factors that are considered in determining whether or not two or more promises are not separately identifiable include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) The Company provides a significant service of integrating goods and/or services with other goods and/or services promised, (ii) One or more of the goods and/or services significantly modifies or customizes, or are significantly modified or customized by, one or more of the other goods and/or services promised and (iii) The goods and/or services are highly interdependent or highly interrelated. In assessing whether promised goods and/or services are distinct from the other promises, the Company considers factors such as the stage of development of the underlying intellectual property, the capabilities of the collaborative partner and the availability of the associated expertise in the marketplace. The Company also considers whether the customer can benefit from a promise for its intended purpose without the receipt of the remaining promises and whether the value of a promise is dependent on the unsatisfied promises. Individual goods or services (or bundles of goods and/or services) that meet both criteria for being distinct are accounted for as separate performance obligations. Promises that are not distinct at contract inception are combined into a single performance obligation. Significant judgments made in accounting for contracts with customers primarily relate to the identification of performance obligations in the arrangement.

The Company considers a customer’s right to elect to obtain additional goods and/or services at such customer’s discretion to be an option if it is not presently obligated to provide the goods and/or services and it is not entitled to compensation in exchange for the associated goods and/or services. Options to acquire additional goods and/or services are evaluated to determine if the option provides a material right to the customer that it would not have received without entering into the contract. If so, the option is accounted for as a separate performance obligation. If not, the option is considered a marketing offer which would be accounted for as a separate contract upon the customer’s exercise. Situations in which a customer has an ability to acquire additional goods and/or services for free or at significantly discounted rates would be considered to provide the customer with a material right. Options to purchase goods and/or services at prices that reflect the standalone selling prices of the associated goods and/or services are accounted for as marketing offers.

The Company measures the transaction price in reference to the amount of consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised goods and/or services to the customer. Accordingly, the transaction price at inception is comprised entirely of a fixed fee due a specified number of days from contract execution. With respect to royalties, including milestone payments triggered upon the first commercial sale of a licensed product or based upon the achievement of a certain level of product sales, wherein the license is deemed to be the sole or predominant item to which the payments relate, the Company recognizes revenue upon the later of: (i) When the related sales occur or (ii) When the performance obligation to which some or all of the payment has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied). Amounts to be received with respect to customer options will be included in the transaction price for the associated contract upon exercise.

The Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation identified in the contract on a relative standalone selling price basis. The Company’s contract with Tenacia is comprised of a single performance obligation. Therefore, the transaction price has been allocated in its entirety to the sole performance obligation identified in the arrangement. Option exercise fees are allocated to the goods and/or services underlying the associated option.

Revenue is recognized based on the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to each respective performance obligation when or as the performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised good and/or service to the customer. For performance obligations that are satisfied at a point in time, the Company recognizes revenue when control of the goods and/or services are transferred to the customer. For performance obligations that are satisfied over time, the Company recognizes revenue by measuring the progress toward complete satisfaction of the performance obligation using a single method of measuring progress which depicts the performance in transferring control of the associated goods and/or services to the customer. With respect to promises related to licenses to intellectual property that are determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue from amounts allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the licensee and the licensee is able to use and benefit from the license.

The Company receives payments from its licensee based on billing schedules established in the contract. Upfront payments are recorded as contract liabilities within deferred revenue until the Company performs its obligations under the associated agreement. No portion of any upfront payments remains deferred as of March 31, 2026. Amounts payable to the Company are recorded as accounts receivable when the Company’s right to the consideration is unconditional.

Net Loss Per Share

The Company only has one class of shares outstanding, and basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period, including potential dilutive common shares assuming the dilutive effect of outstanding stock awards. For periods in which the Company reports a net loss, diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per common share, since dilutive common shares are not assumed to have been issued if their effect is anti-dilutive.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss includes net loss as well as other changes in stockholders’ equity (deficit) that result from transactions and economic events other than those with stockholders. As per the statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2026, comprehensive loss includes unrealized loss on short-term investments. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, comprehensive loss was partially offset by unrealized gains on short-term investments.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires disclosures about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented on the face of the income statement as well as disclosures about selling expenses. The requirements of the ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The requirements will be applied prospectively with the option for retrospective application. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the effects of this pronouncement on its related disclosures.