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Table of Contents

​

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______to________

Commission file number 0-22208

QCR HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 42-1397595
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

​

3551 7th Street, Moline, Illinois 61265

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(309) 736-3580

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

​ | ​ | ​
Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1.00 Par Value | QCRH | The Nasdaq Global Market

​

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒ | Accelerated filer ☐ | Non-accelerated filer ☐
Smaller reporting company ☐ | Emerging growth company ☐ | ​

​

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date: As of November 1, 2024, the Registrant had outstanding 16,868,931 shares of common stock, $1.00 par value per share.

​

​

Table of Contents

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Page Number(s)
Part I |  | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Item 1 |  | Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Consolidated Balance Sheets As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 | ​ | 4
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Consolidated Statements of Income For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 | ​ | 5
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Consolidated Statements of Income | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 | ​ | 6
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 | ​ | 7
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 | ​ | 8
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 | ​ | 9
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | ​ | 10
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | ​ | 10
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Note 2. Investment Securities | ​ | 13
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Note 3. Loans/Leases Receivable | ​ | 16
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Note 4. Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities | ​ | 25
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Note 5. Derivatives and Hedging Activities | ​ | 26
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Note 6. Income Taxes | ​ | 30
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Note 7. Earnings Per Share | ​ | 31
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Note 8. Fair Value | ​ | 31
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Note 9. Business Segment Information | ​ | 34
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Note 10. Regulatory Capital Requirements | ​ | 34
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Note 11. Commitments | ​ | 36
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Item 2 | ​ | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Introduction | ​ | 37
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | General | ​ | 37
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Critical Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates | ​ | 37
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Executive Overview | ​ | 37
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Strategic Financial Metrics | ​ | 39
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Strategic Developments | ​ | 40
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliations | ​ | 41
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Net Interest Income - (Tax Equivalent Basis) | ​ | 43
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Results of Operations | ​ | 47
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Interest Income | ​ | 47
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Interest Expense | ​ | 48
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Provision for Credit Losses | ​ | 48

2

Table of Contents

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Noninterest Income | ​ | 49
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Noninterest Expense | ​ | 52
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Income Taxes | ​ | 54
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Financial Condition | ​ | 55
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Investment Securities | ​ | 55
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Loans/Leases | ​ | 56
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans/Leases and OBS Exposures | ​ | 58
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Nonperforming Assets | ​ | 60
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Deposits | ​ | 61
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Borrowings | ​ | 61
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Stockholders' Equity | ​ | 63
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Liquidity and Capital Resources | ​ | 63
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Special Note Concerning Forward-Looking Statements | ​ | 65
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Item 3 |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | ​ | 67
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Item 4 | ​ | Controls and Procedures | ​ | 69
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Part II |  | OTHER INFORMATION | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Item 1 | ​ | Legal Proceedings | ​ | 70
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Item 1A | ​ | Risk Factors | ​ | 70
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Item 2 | ​ | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | ​ | 70
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Item 3 | ​ | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | ​ | 70
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Item 4 | ​ | Mine Safety Disclosures | ​ | 70
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Item 5 | ​ | Other Information | ​ | 70
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Item 6 | ​ | Exhibits | ​ | 71
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Signatures | ​ | ​

Throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we use certain acronyms and abbreviations, as defined in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

​

​

3

Table of Contents

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | December 31,
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
Assets | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and due from banks | ​ | $ | 103,840 | ​ | $ | 97,123
Federal funds sold | ​ |  | 13,200 | ​ |  | 35,450
Interest-bearing deposits at financial institutions | ​ |  | 145,959 | ​ |  | 104,919
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Securities held to maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses | ​ |  | 795,496 | ​ |  | 683,504
Securities available for sale, at fair value | ​ |  | 291,865 | ​ |  | 299,655
Securities trading, at fair value | ​ |  | 58,685 | ​ |  | 22,369
Total securities | ​ | ​ | 1,146,046 | ​ |  | 1,005,528
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Loans receivable held for sale | ​ |  | 167,047 | ​ |  | 2,594
Loans/leases receivable held for investment | ​ |  | 6,661,755 | ​ |  | 6,540,822
Gross loans/leases receivable | ​ |  | 6,828,802 | ​ |  | 6,543,416
Less allowance for credit losses | ​ |  | (86,321) | ​ |  | (87,200)
Net loans/leases receivable | ​ |  | 6,742,481 | ​ |  | 6,456,216
​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Bank-owned life insurance | ​ |  | 108,779 | ​ |  | 108,222
Premises and equipment, net | ​ |  | 147,474 | ​ |  | 123,277
Restricted investment securities | ​ |  | 39,386 | ​ |  | 41,648
Other real estate owned, net | ​ |  | 369 | ​ |  | 1,347
Goodwill | ​ |  | 138,595 | ​ |  | 139,027
Intangibles | ​ |  | 11,751 | ​ |  | 13,821
Derivatives | ​ | ​ | 261,913 | ​ | ​ | 187,341
Other assets | ​ |  | 228,772 | ​ |  | 224,975
Total assets | ​ | $ | 9,088,565 | ​ | $ | 8,538,894
​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Liabilities: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Deposits: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Noninterest-bearing | ​ | $ | 969,348 | ​ | $ | 1,038,689
Interest-bearing | ​ |  | 6,015,285 | ​ |  | 5,475,316
Total deposits | ​ |  | 6,984,633 | ​ |  | 6,514,005
​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Short-term borrowings | ​ |  | 2,750 | ​ |  | 1,500
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | ​ |  | 375,383 | ​ |  | 435,000
Subordinated notes | ​ | ​ | 233,383 | ​ | ​ | 233,064
Junior subordinated debentures | ​ |  | 48,828 | ​ |  | 48,731
Derivatives | ​ | ​ | 285,769 | ​ | ​ | 215,735
Other liabilities | ​ |  | 181,199 | ​ |  | 204,263
Total liabilities | ​ |  | 8,111,945 | ​ |  | 7,652,298
​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Stockholders' Equity: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Preferred stock, $1 par value; shares authorized 250,000 September 2024 and December 2023 - no shares issued or outstanding | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Common stock, $1 par value; shares authorized 20,000,000 September 2024 - 16,861,108 shares issued and outstanding December 2023 - 16,749,254 shares issued and outstanding | ​ |  | 16,861 | ​ |  | 16,749
Additional paid-in capital | ​ |  | 373,812 | ​ |  | 370,814
Retained earnings | ​ |  | 635,589 | ​ |  | 554,992
Accumulated other comprehensive loss: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Securities available for sale | ​ |  | (31,924) | ​ |  | (35,980)
Derivatives | ​ | ​ | (17,718) | ​ | ​ | (19,979)
Total stockholders' equity | ​ |  | 976,620 | ​ |  | 886,596
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | ​ | $ | 9,088,565 | ​ | $ | 8,538,894
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

​

4

Table of Contents

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands, except share data) | ​
Interest and dividend income: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Loans/leases, including fees: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Taxable | ​ | $ | 82,149 | ​ | $ | 73,396 | ​
Nontaxable | ​ | ​ | 27,416 | ​ | ​ | 23,725 | ​
Securities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Taxable | ​ |  | 4,440 | ​ |  | 3,788 | ​
Nontaxable | ​ |  | 8,488 | ​ |  | 5,510 | ​
Interest-bearing deposits at financial institutions | ​ |  | 1,915 | ​ |  | 1,206 | ​
Restricted investment securities | ​ |  | 840 | ​ |  | 659 | ​
Federal funds sold | ​ |  | 172 | ​ |  | 284 | ​
Total interest and dividend income | ​ |  | 125,420 | ​ |  | 108,568 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest expense: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Deposits | ​ |  | 55,386 | ​ |  | 43,575 | ​
Short-term borrowings | ​ |  | 32 | ​ |  | 10 | ​
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | ​ |  | 5,971 | ​ |  | 5,724 | ​
Subordinated notes | ​ | ​ | 3,616 | ​ | ​ | 3,307 | ​
Junior subordinated debentures | ​ |  | 693 | ​ |  | 697 | ​
Total interest expense | ​ |  | 65,698 | ​ |  | 53,313 | ​
Net interest income | ​ |  | 59,722 | ​ |  | 55,255 | ​
Provision for credit losses | ​ |  | 3,484 | ​ |  | 3,806 | ​
Net interest income after provision for credit losses | ​ |  | 56,238 | ​ |  | 51,449 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Noninterest income: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Trust fees | ​ |  | 3,270 | ​ |  | 2,863 | ​
Investment advisory and management fees | ​ |  | 1,229 | ​ |  | 947 | ​
Deposit service fees | ​ |  | 2,294 | ​ |  | 2,107 | ​
Gains on sales of residential real estate loans, net | ​ |  | 385 | ​ |  | 476 | ​
Capital markets revenue | ​ |  | 16,290 | ​ |  | 15,596 | ​
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance | ​ |  | 814 | ​ |  | 1,807 | ​
Debit card fees | ​ |  | 1,575 | ​ |  | 1,584 | ​
Correspondent banking fees | ​ |  | 507 | ​ |  | 450 | ​
Loan related fee income | ​ | ​ | 949 | ​ | ​ | 800 | ​
Fair value loss on derivatives and trading securities | ​ | ​ | (886) | ​ | ​ | (336) | ​
Other | ​ |  | 730 | ​ |  | 299 | ​
Total noninterest income | ​ |  | 27,157 | ​ |  | 26,593 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Noninterest expense: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Salaries and employee benefits | ​ |  | 31,637 | ​ |  | 32,098 | ​
Occupancy and equipment expense | ​ |  | 6,168 | ​ |  | 6,228 | ​
Professional and data processing fees | ​ |  | 4,457 | ​ |  | 4,456 | ​
Restructuring expense | ​ | ​ | 1,954 | ​ | ​ | — | ​
FDIC insurance, other insurance and regulatory fees | ​ |  | 1,711 | ​ |  | 1,721 | ​
Loan/lease expense | ​ |  | 587 | ​ |  | 826 | ​
Net cost of (income from) and gains/losses on operations of other real estate | ​ |  | (42) | ​ |  | 3 | ​
Advertising and marketing | ​ |  | 2,124 | ​ |  | 1,429 | ​
Communication and data connectivity | ​ | ​ | 333 | ​ | ​ | 478 | ​
Supplies | ​ | ​ | 278 | ​ | ​ | 335 | ​
Bank service charges | ​ |  | 603 | ​ |  | 605 | ​
Correspondent banking expense | ​ |  | 325 | ​ |  | 232 | ​
Intangibles amortization | ​ |  | 690 | ​ |  | 691 | ​
Goodwill impairment | ​ | ​ | 432 | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Payment card processing | ​ | ​ | 785 | ​ | ​ | 733 | ​
Trust expense | ​ | ​ | 395 | ​ | ​ | 432 | ​
Other | ​ |  | 1,128 | ​ |  | 814 | ​
Total noninterest expense | ​ |  | 53,565 | ​ |  | 51,081 | ​
Net income before income taxes | ​ |  | 29,830 | ​ |  | 26,961 | ​
Federal and state income tax expense | ​ |  | 2,045 | ​ |  | 1,840 | ​
Net income | ​ | $ | 27,785 | ​ | $ | 25,121 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic earnings per common share | ​ | $ | 1.65 | ​ | $ | 1.50 | ​
Diluted earnings per common share | ​ | $ | 1.64 | ​ | $ | 1.49 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted average common shares outstanding | ​ |  | 16,846,200 | ​ |  | 16,717,303 | ​
Weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding | ​ |  | 16,982,400 | ​ |  | 16,847,951 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash dividends declared per common share | ​ | $ | 0.06 | ​ | $ | 0.06 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

​

5

Table of Contents

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands, except share data) | ​
Interest and dividend income: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Loans/leases, including fees: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Taxable | ​ | $ | 239,023 | ​ | $ | 208,449 | ​
Nontaxable | ​ | ​ | 77,595 | ​ | ​ | 60,582 | ​
Securities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Taxable | ​ |  | 12,986 | ​ |  | 10,847 | ​
Nontaxable | ​ |  | 23,350 | ​ |  | 15,715 | ​
Interest-bearing deposits at financial institutions | ​ |  | 4,254 | ​ |  | 3,151 | ​
Restricted investment securities | ​ |  | 2,383 | ​ |  | 1,677 | ​
Federal funds sold | ​ |  | 624 | ​ |  | 741 | ​
Total interest and dividend income | ​ |  | 360,215 | ​ |  | 301,162 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest expense: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Deposits | ​ |  | 159,855 | ​ |  | 111,800 | ​
Short-term borrowings | ​ |  | 76 | ​ |  | 142 | ​
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | ​ |  | 16,948 | ​ |  | 11,898 | ​
Subordinated notes | ​ | ​ | 10,678 | ​ | ​ | 9,922 | ​
Junior subordinated debentures | ​ |  | 2,074 | ​ |  | 2,130 | ​
Total interest expense | ​ |  | 189,631 | ​ |  | 135,892 | ​
Net interest income | ​ |  | 170,584 | ​ |  | 165,270 | ​
Provision for credit losses | ​ |  | 11,949 | ​ |  | 11,340 | ​
Net interest income after provision for credit losses | ​ |  | 158,635 | ​ |  | 153,930 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Noninterest income: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Trust fees | ​ |  | 9,572 | ​ |  | 8,613 | ​
Investment advisory and management fees | ​ |  | 3,544 | ​ |  | 2,812 | ​
Deposit service fees | ​ |  | 6,302 | ​ |  | 6,169 | ​
Gains on sales of residential real estate loans, net | ​ |  | 1,307 | ​ |  | 1,288 | ​
Gains on sales of government guaranteed portions of loans, net | ​ |  | 36 | ​ |  | 30 | ​
Capital markets revenue | ​ |  | 50,505 | ​ |  | 55,109 | ​
Securities losses, net | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (451) | ​
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance | ​ |  | 4,646 | ​ |  | 3,352 | ​
Debit card fees | ​ |  | 4,612 | ​ |  | 4,639 | ​
Correspondent banking fees | ​ |  | 1,529 | ​ |  | 1,197 | ​
Loan related fee income | ​ | ​ | 2,747 | ​ | ​ | 2,221 | ​
Fair value loss on derivatives and trading securities | ​ | ​ | (998) | ​ | ​ | (680) | ​
Other | ​ |  | 1,102 | ​ |  | 656 | ​
Total noninterest income | ​ |  | 84,904 | ​ |  | 84,955 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Noninterest expense: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Salaries and employee benefits | ​ |  | 94,576 | ​ |  | 95,560 | ​
Occupancy and equipment expense | ​ |  | 19,059 | ​ |  | 18,242 | ​
Professional and data processing fees | ​ |  | 13,893 | ​ |  | 12,048 | ​
Post-acquisition compensation, transition and integration costs | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 207 | ​
Restructuring expense | ​ | ​ | 1,954 | ​ | ​ | — | ​
FDIC insurance, other insurance and regulatory fees | ​ |  | 5,510 | ​ |  | 5,022 | ​
Loan/lease expense | ​ |  | 1,116 | ​ |  | 2,034 | ​
Net cost of (income from) and gains/losses on operations of other real estate | ​ |  | (44) | ​ |  | (64) | ​
Advertising and marketing | ​ |  | 5,172 | ​ |  | 4,401 | ​
Communication and data connectivity | ​ | ​ | 1,052 | ​ | ​ | 1,614 | ​
Supplies | ​ | ​ | 812 | ​ | ​ | 921 | ​
Bank service charges | ​ |  | 1,793 | ​ |  | 1,831 | ​
Correspondent banking expense | ​ | ​ | 993 | ​ | ​ | 663 | ​
Intangibles amortization | ​ | ​ | 2,070 | ​ | ​ | 2,222 | ​
Goodwill impairment | ​ | ​ | 432 | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Payment card processing | ​ | ​ | 2,137 | ​ | ​ | 1,820 | ​
Trust expense | ​ | ​ | 1,199 | ​ | ​ | 983 | ​
Other | ​ |  | 2,419 | ​ |  | 2,089 | ​
Total noninterest expense | ​ |  | 154,143 | ​ |  | 149,593 | ​
Net income before income taxes | ​ |  | 89,396 | ​ |  | 89,292 | ​
Federal and state income tax expense | ​ |  | 5,771 | ​ |  | 8,589 | ​
Net income | ​ | $ | 83,625 | ​ | $ | 80,703 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic earnings per common share | ​ | $ | 4.97 | ​ | $ | 4.82 | ​
Diluted earnings per common share | ​ | $ | 4.94 | ​ | $ | 4.79 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted average common shares outstanding | ​ |  | 16,814,787 | ​ |  | 16,731,847 | ​
Weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding | ​ |  | 16,938,309 | ​ |  | 16,863,203 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash dividends declared per common share | ​ | $ | 0.18 | ​ | $ | 0.18 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

6

Table of Contents

​

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended September 30, |
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income | ​ | $ | 27,785 | ​ | $ | 25,121 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other comprehensive income (loss): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period before tax | ​ | ​ | 9,425 | ​ |  | (19,072) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period before tax | ​ |  | 6,624 | ​ |  | (7,019) | ​
Less: reclassification adjustment for caplet amortization before tax | ​ | ​ | (130) | ​ | ​ | (224) | ​
​ | ​ |  | 6,754 | ​ |  | (6,795) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax | ​ |  | 16,179 | ​ |  | (25,867) | ​
Tax expense (benefit) | ​ |  | 4,121 | ​ |  | (6,452) | ​
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | ​ |  | 12,058 | ​ |  | (19,415) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Comprehensive income | ​ | $ | 39,843 | ​ | $ | 5,706 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income | ​ | $ | 83,625 | ​ | $ | 80,703 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other comprehensive income (loss): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period before tax | ​ |  | 5,833 | ​ |  | (14,808) | ​
Less reclassification adjusted for impairment losses included in net income before tax | ​ | ​ | 445 | ​ | ​ | (989) | ​
Less reclassification adjustment for sales losses included in net income before tax | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (451) | ​
​ | ​ |  | 5,388 | ​ |  | (13,368) | ​
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period before tax | ​ |  | 2,750 | ​ |  | (9,152) | ​
Less reclassification adjustment for caplet amortization before tax | ​ |  | (376) | ​ |  | (638) | ​
​ | ​ |  | 3,126 | ​ |  | (8,514) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax | ​ |  | 8,514 | ​ |  | (21,882) | ​
Tax expense (benefit) | ​ |  | 2,197 | ​ |  | (5,456) | ​
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | ​ |  | 6,317 | ​ |  | (16,426) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Comprehensive income | ​ | $ | 89,942 | ​ | $ | 64,277 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

​

7

Table of Contents

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Accumulated | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Additional | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Other | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Common | ​ | Paid-In | ​ | Retained | ​ | Comprehensive | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Stock |  | Capital |  | Earnings |  | (Loss) |  | Total
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance December 31, 2023 | ​ | $ | 16,749 | ​ | $ | 370,814 | ​ | $ | 554,992 | ​ | $ | (55,959) | ​ | $ | 886,596
Net income | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 26,726 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 26,726
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (5,373) | ​ |  | (5,373)
Common cash dividends declared, $0.06 per share | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (1,008) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (1,008)
Stock-based compensation expense | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 941 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 941
Issuance of common stock under employee benefit plans | ​ |  | 58 | ​ |  | (598) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (540)
Balance, March 31, 2024 | ​ | $ | 16,807 | ​ | $ | 371,157 | ​ | $ | 580,710 | ​ | $ | (61,332) | ​ | $ | 907,342
Net income | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 29,114 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 29,114
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (368) | ​ |  | (368)
Common cash dividends declared, $0.06 per share | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (1,008) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (1,008)
Stock-based compensation expense | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | 696 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 696
Issuance of common stock under employee benefit plans | ​ |  | 18 | ​ |  | 525 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 543
Balance, June 30, 2024 | ​ | $ | 16,825 | ​ | $ | 372,378 | ​ | $ | 608,816 | ​ | $ | (61,700) | ​ | $ | 936,319
Net income | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 27,785 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 27,785
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 12,058 | ​ |  | 12,058
Common cash dividends declared, $0.06 per share | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (1,012) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (1,012)
Stock-based compensation expense | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | 235 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 235
Issuance of common stock under employee benefit plans | ​ |  | 36 | ​ |  | 1,199 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,235
Balance, September 30, 2024 | ​ | $ | 16,861 | ​ | $ | 373,812 | ​ | $ | 635,589 | ​ | $ | (49,642) | ​ | $ | 976,620
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Accumulated | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Additional | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Other | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Common | ​ | Paid-In | ​ | Retained | ​ | Comprehensive | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Stock |  | Capital |  | Earnings |  | (Loss) |  | Total
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance December 31, 2022 | ​ | $ | 16,796 | ​ | $ | 370,712 | ​ | $ | 450,114 | ​ | $ | (64,898) | ​ | $ | 772,724
Net income | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 27,157 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 27,157
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 9,325 | ​ |  | 9,325
Common cash dividends declared, $0.06 per share | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (1,010) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (1,010)
Repurchase and cancellation of 152,500 shares of common stock | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
as a result of a share repurchase program | ​ | ​ | (153) | ​ | ​ | (3,356) | ​ | ​ | (4,210) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (7,719)
Stock-based compensation expense | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 953 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 953
Issuance of common stock under employee benefit plans | ​ |  | 71 | ​ |  | (7) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 64
Balance, March 31, 2023 | ​ | $ | 16,714 | ​ | $ | 368,302 | ​ | $ | 472,051 | ​ | $ | (55,573) | ​ | $ | 801,494
Net income | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 28,425 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 28,425
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (6,336) | ​ |  | (6,336)
Common cash dividends declared, $0.06 per share | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (1,003) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (1,003)
Repurchase and cancellation of 22,500 shares of common stock | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
as a result of a share repurchase program | ​ | ​ | (23) | ​ | ​ | (495) | ​ | ​ | (449) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (967)
Stock-based compensation expense | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 673 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 673
Issuance of common stock under employee benefit plans | ​ |  | 23 | ​ |  | 380 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 403
Balance, June 30, 2023 | ​ | $ | 16,714 | ​ | $ | 368,860 | ​ | $ | 499,024 | ​ | $ | (61,909) | ​ | $ | 822,689
Net income | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 25,121 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 25,121
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (19,415) | ​ |  | (19,415)
Common cash dividends declared, $0.06 per share | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (1,003) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (1,003)
Stock-based compensation expense | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 527 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 527
Issuance of common stock under employee benefit plans | ​ |  | 18 | ​ |  | 446 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 464
Balance, September 30, 2023 | ​ | $ | 16,732 | ​ | $ | 369,833 | ​ | $ | 523,142 | ​ | $ | (81,324) | ​ | $ | 828,383
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

​

8

Table of Contents

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​
Net income | ​ | $ | 83,625 | ​ | $ | 80,703 | ​
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Depreciation | ​ |  | 6,200 | ​ |  | 6,132 | ​
Provision for credit losses | ​ |  | 11,949 | ​ |  | 11,340 | ​
Stock-based compensation expense | ​ |  | 1,872 | ​ |  | 2,153 | ​
Deferred compensation expense accrued | ​ |  | 4,373 | ​ |  | 4,188 | ​
Gains on other real estate owned, net | ​ |  | (223) | ​ |  | (84) | ​
Amortization of premiums on securities, net | ​ |  | 871 | ​ |  | 964 | ​
Caplet amortization | ​ | ​ | 376 | ​ | ​ | 638 | ​
Fair value loss on derivatives and trading securities | ​ | ​ | 999 | ​ | ​ | 680 | ​
Ineffectiveness on fair value hedges | ​ | ​ | 16 | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Securities losses, net | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 451 | ​
Loans originated for sale | ​ |  | (57,256) | ​ |  | (55,271) | ​
Proceeds on sales of loans | ​ |  | 60,087 | ​ |  | 57,171 | ​
Gains on sales of residential real estate loans | ​ |  | (1,307) | ​ |  | (1,288) | ​
Gains on sales of government guaranteed portions of loans | ​ |  | (36) | ​ |  | (30) | ​
Proceeds from loan securitizations | ​ | ​ | 193,520 | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Net gain on securitizations | ​ | ​ | 473 | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Losses on sales and disposals of premises and equipment | ​ | ​ | 143 | ​ | ​ | 386 | ​
Amortization of intangibles | ​ |  | 2,070 | ​ |  | 2,222 | ​
Accretion of acquisition fair value adjustments, net | ​ |  | (463) | ​ |  | (1,501) | ​
Increase in cash value of bank-owned life insurance | ​ |  | (2,414) | ​ |  | (2,221) | ​
Gain on bank-owned life insurance death benefits | ​ | ​ | (2,232) | ​ | ​ | (1,131) | ​
Goodwill impairment | ​ | ​ | 432 | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Increase in other assets | ​ |  | (7,628) | ​ |  | (34,126) | ​
Decrease (increase) in other liabilities | ​ | ​ | (28,239) | ​ | ​ | 13,973 | ​
Net cash provided by operating activities | ​ | $ | 267,208 | ​ | $ | 85,349 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Net decrease in federal funds sold | ​ |  | 22,250 | ​ |  | 36,610 | ​
Net (increase) decrease in interest-bearing deposits at financial institutions | ​ |  | (41,040) | ​ |  | 7,010 | ​
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned | ​ |  | 1,687 | ​ |  | 295 | ​
Activity in securities portfolio: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Purchases | ​ |  | (148,091) | ​ |  | (102,669) | ​
Calls, maturities and redemptions | ​ |  | 35,284 | ​ |  | 76,011 | ​
Paydowns | ​ |  | 13,528 | ​ |  | 11,660 | ​
Sales | ​ |  | 445 | ​ |  | 30,556 | ​
Activity in restricted investment securities: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Purchases | ​ |  | (6,272) | ​ |  | (4,908) | ​
Redemptions | ​ |  | 8,534 | ​ |  | 3,661 | ​
Net increase in loans/leases originated and held for investment | ​ |  | (525,328) | ​ |  | (479,757) | ​
Purchase of premises and equipment | ​ |  | (30,542) | ​ |  | (8,023) | ​
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 510 | ​
Purchase of swaptions | ​ | ​ | (4,500) | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance death benefits | ​ | ​ | 4,085 | ​ | ​ | 2,543 | ​
Net cash used in investing activities | ​ | $ | (669,958) | ​ | $ | (426,501) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Net increase in deposit accounts | ​ |  | 470,628 | ​ |  | 510,635 | ​
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings | ​ |  | 1,250 | ​ |  | (129,160) | ​
Activity in Federal Home Loan Bank advances: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Term advances | ​ |  | 10,383 | ​ |  | 135,000 | ​
Net change in short-term and overnight advances | ​ |  | (70,000) | ​ |  | (120,000) | ​
Payment of cash dividends on common stock | ​ |  | (4,032) | ​ |  | (3,026) | ​
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net | ​ | ​ | 1,238 | ​ | ​ | 931 | ​
Repurchase and cancellation of shares | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (8,686) | ​
Net cash provided by financing activities | ​ | $ | 409,467 | ​ | $ | 385,694 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net increase (decrease) in cash and due from banks | ​ |  | 6,717 | ​ |  | 44,542 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and due from banks, beginning | ​ |  | 97,123 | ​ |  | 59,723 | ​
Cash and due from banks, ending | ​ | $ | 103,840 | ​ | $ | 104,265 | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information, cash payments for: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Interest | ​ | $ | 188,761 | ​ | $ | (258,779) | ​
Income/franchise taxes | ​ |  | 4,353 | ​ |  | 2,214 | ​
​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Supplemental schedule of noncash investing activities: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale and derivative instruments, net | ​ |  | 6,317 | ​ |  | (16,426) | ​
Increase in fair value of fair value hedges | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,997 | ​
Transfers of loans to other real estate owned | ​ |  | 486 | ​ |  | 218 | ​
Transfer of loans to held for sale for securitizations in preparation | ​ | ​ | 165,941 | ​ | ​ | 277,995 | ​
Beneficial interests (trading securities) acquired in securitizations | ​ | ​ | 36,670 | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Increase in the fair value of back-to-back interest rate swap assets and liabilities | ​ |  | 73,885 | ​ |  | 110,641 | ​
Dividends payable | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,003 | ​
Measurement period adjustment to goodwill | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,420 | ​

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

9

Table of Contents

​

​

Part I

Item 1

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

September 30, 2024

NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation: The interim unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024. Accordingly, footnote disclosures, which would substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the audited Consolidated Financial Statements, have been omitted.

The financial information of the Company included herein has been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial reporting and has been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations for reporting on Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Such information reflects all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. Any differences appearing between the numbers presented in financial statements and management's discussion and analysis are due to rounding. The results of the interim period ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the year ending December 31, 2024, or for any other period.

The acronyms and abbreviations identified below are used throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. It may be helpful to refer back to this page as you read this report.

​ | ​
​ | ​
ACL: Allowance for credit losses | GAAP: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
AFS: Available for sale | GB: Guaranty Bank
Allowance: Allowance for credit losses | GDP: U.S. gross domestic product
AOCI: Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | GFED: Guaranty Federal Bancshares, Inc.
ASC: Accounting Standards Codification | HTM: Held to maturity
ASU: Accounting Standards Update | ICS: Insured Cash Sweep
BOLI: Bank-owned life insurance | LIBOR: London Inter-Bank Offered Rate
Caps: Interest rate cap derivatives | LIHTC: Low-income housing tax credit
CDARS: Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service | m2: m2 Equipment Finance, LLC
CECL: Current Expected Credit Losses | NIM: Net interest margin
Community National: Community National Bancorporation | NPA: Nonperforming asset
Company: QCR Holdings, Inc. | NPL: Nonperforming loan
CRBT: Cedar Rapids Bank & Trust Company | OBS: Off-balance sheet
CRE: Commercial real estate | OREO: Other real estate owned
CSB: Community State Bank | PCAOB: Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
C&I: Commercial and industrial | Provision: Provision for credit losses
EBA: Excess balance account | QCBT: Quad City Bank & Trust Company
EPS: Earnings per share | ROAA: Return on average assets
Exchange Act: Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as | ROAE: Return on average equity
amended | SEC: Securities and Exchange Commission
FASB: Financial Accounting Standards Board | SOFR: Secured Overnight Financing Rate
FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation | Swaption: Swap option
Federal Reserve: Board of Governors of the Federal | TA: Tangible assets
Reserve System | TCE: Tangible common equity
FHLB: Federal Home Loan Bank | TEY: Tax equivalent yield
FRB: Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago | VIE: Variable interest entities
​ | ​
​ | ​
​ | ​

​

10

Table of Contents

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries which include the accounts of four commercial banks: QCBT, CRBT, CSB and GB. All four banks are state-chartered commercial banks and all are members of the Federal Reserve system. The Company also engages in direct financing lease contracts through m2, a wholly owned subsidiary of QCBT. Additionally, the Company also engages in wealth management services through its banking subsidiaries. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Credit quality indicators: During the first quarter of 2024, the Company revised the risk rating scale used for credit quality monitoring. The previous risk rating scale and associated definitions are included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024. With the exception of leases and equipment financing agreements, all loans are now risk rated utilizing the following internal risk rating scale:

| 1. | Highest Quality (pass) – loans of the highest quality with no credit risk, including those fully secured by bank certificates of deposit and U.S. government securities.

| 2. | Superior Quality (pass) – loans with very strong credit quality. Borrowers have exceptionally strong earnings, liquidity, capital, cash flow coverage, and management ability. Includes loans secured by high quality, marketable securities, certificates of deposit from other institutions, and cash value of life insurance. Also includes loans supported by U.S. government, state, or municipal guarantees.

| 3. | Good Quality (pass) – loans with good credit quality. Established borrowers with good financial condition, including earnings, liquidity, capital and cash flow coverage. Financial performance is above industry average. Management is capable and is very experienced. Collateral coverage, if applicable, is good. Includes loans secured by personal assets and business assets including equipment, accounts receivable, inventory, and real estate.

| 4. | Moderate Quality (pass) – loans with moderate credit quality. Established borrowers with good financial condition, including earnings, liquidity, capital and cash flow coverage. Financial performance should be above industry averages. Management is capable and has more than adequate experience. Collateral coverage, if applicable, is more than adequate. Includes loans secured by personal assets and business assets including equipment, accounts receivable, inventory, and real estate.

| 5. | Satisfactory Quality (pass) – loans with satisfactory credit quality. Established borrowers with satisfactory financial condition, including earnings, liquidity, capital, and cash flow coverage. Performance should at or above industry averages. Management is capable with adequate experience. Collateral coverage, if applicable, is adequate. Includes loans secured by personal assets and business assets including equipment, accounts receivable, inventory, and real estate.

| 6. | Fair Quality (pass) – loans with acceptable credit quality. The primary repayment source is adequate; however, management’s ability to maintain consistent profitability is unproven or uncertain. Borrowers exhibit acceptable leverage and liquidity. May include new businesses with inexperienced management, performance at industry averages, or borrowers operating in highly cyclical or deteriorating industries.

| 7. | Low Quality (pass) – loans with low credit quality. The primary repayment source remains adequate; however, management’s ability to maintain consistent profitability remains unproven or uncertain. Borrowers exhibit moderate leverage and limited liquidity. May include new businesses with inexperienced management, performance below industry averages, or borrowers operating in highly cyclical or deteriorating industries.

| 8. | Early Warning (pass) – loans where the borrowers have generally performed as agreed, however unfavorable financial trends exist or are anticipated. Earnings may be erratic, with marginal cash flow or declining sales. Borrowers reflect leveraged financial condition and/or marginal liquidity. Management may be new, and a track record of performance has yet to be developed. Financial information may be incomplete, and reliance on secondary repayment sources may be increasing.

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| 9. | Special Mention – loans where the borrowers exhibit credit weaknesses or unfavorable financial trends requiring close monitoring. Weaknesses and adverse trends are more pronounced than Early Warning loans, and if left uncorrected, may jeopardize repayment according to the contractual terms. Currently, no loss of principal or interest is expected. Borrowers in this category have deteriorated to the point that it would be difficult to refinance with another lender. Special Mention should be assigned to borrowers in turnaround situations. This rating is intended as a transitional rating; therefore, it is generally not assigned to a borrower for a period of more than one year.

| 10. | Substandard – loans which are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if applicable. These loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses which jeopardize repayment according to the contractual terms. There is distinct loss potential if the weaknesses are not corrected. Includes loans with insufficient cash flow coverage which are collateral dependent, other real estate owned, and repossessed assets.

| 11. | Doubtful – loans which have all the weaknesses inherent in a Substandard loan, with the added characteristic that existing weaknesses make full principal collection, based on current facts, conditions, and values, highly doubtful. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of pending factors, recognition of a loss is deferred until a more exact status can be determined. All doubtful loans will be placed on non-accrual, with all payments, including interest, applied to principal reduction.

The credit quality indicator for leases and equipment financing agreements remains unchanged at performing and nonperforming status.

Recent accounting developments: In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-4, “Reference Rate Reform,” which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to loan and lease agreements, derivative contracts, and other transactions affected by the anticipated transition away from LIBOR toward new interest rate benchmarks. ASU 2020-04 is effective March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. An entity may elect to apply ASU 2020-04 for contract modifications as of January 1, 2020, or prospectively from a date within an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020, up to the date that the financial statements are available to be issued. In December 2022, in response to the postponement of the cessation date of LIBOR, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06 which defers the sunset date of the ASU 2020-4 guidance to December 31, 2024, after which entities will no longer be permitted to apply the relief.

Management has assessed the impacts of ASU 2020-04 and the related opportunities and risks involved in the LIBOR transition. Specifically, management identified all of the financial instruments with LIBOR exposure, which include certain commercial loans, interest rate swaps, interest rate caps, and certain securities and in all cases, determined a plan of transition from LIBOR to a different index. This transition occurred prior to the expiration of published LIBOR rates on June 30, 2023 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-02, “Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method (a Consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force).” Under the standard, the accounting guidance expands use of the proportional amortization method of accounting to equity investments in tax credit programs beyond those in LIHTC programs. The ASU also prescribes specific information reporting entities must disclose about tax credit investments each period. The ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2023, for public business entities, with all other entities having an extra year to adopt. Entities will have the option of applying the ASU using either a modified retrospective or retrospective adoption approach. For some changes related to existing LIHTC investments, prospective application is permitted. The standard was adopted on January 1, 2024 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

​

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” Under the standard, the accounting guidance expands the disclosures for reportable segments made by public entities to disclose significant expenses for reportable segments in both interim and annual reporting periods to enable investors to develop more decision-useful financial analyses. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

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In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” Under the standard, the accounting guidance enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. Investors, lenders, creditors and other allocators of capital information will be able to use the expanded disclosures to better assess how an entity’s operations and related tax risks and tax planning and operation opportunities affect its tax rate and prospects for future cash flows. The ASU is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-01, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope Application of Profits Interest and Similar Awards.” Under the standard, the accounting guidance improves GAAP by adding an illustrative example to demonstrate how an entity should apply the scope guidance of “Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation” for profits interest and similar awards. The illustrative examples will benefit investors and other allocators of capital by providing them with more consistent information. The ASU is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and interim periods within those annual periods. The standard is not expected to have an impact on the Company’s financial statements.

NOTE 2– INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Allowance |  | Gross | ​ | Gross | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Amortized | ​ | for Credit |  | Unrealized | ​ | Unrealized | ​ | Fair | ​
​ |  | Cost |  | (Losses) |  | Gains |  | (Losses) |  | Value |
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​
September 30, 2024: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Securities HTM: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Municipal securities | ​ | $ | 794,649 | ​ | $ | (202) | ​ | $ | 34,994 | ​ | $ | (38,831) | ​ | $ | 790,610 | ​
Other securities | ​ |  | 1,050 | ​ |  | (1) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,049 | ​
​ | ​ | $ | 795,699 | ​ | $ | (203) | ​ | $ | 34,994 | ​ | $ | (38,831) | ​ | $ | 791,659 | ​
​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Securities AFS: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
U.S. govt. sponsored agency securities | ​ | $ | 20,622 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 13 | ​ | $ | (2,014) | ​ | $ | 18,621 | ​
Residential mortgage-backed and related securities | ​ |  | 57,924 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 5 | ​ |  | (4,442) | ​ |  | 53,487 | ​
Municipal securities | ​ |  | 204,879 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 5 | ​ |  | (33,722) | ​ |  | 171,162 | ​
Asset-backed securities | ​ | ​ | 10,326 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 129 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 10,455 | ​
Other securities | ​ |  | 40,715 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 5 | ​ |  | (2,580) | ​ |  | 38,140 | ​
​ | ​ | $ | 334,466 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 157 | ​ | $ | (42,758) | ​ | $ | 291,865 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Allowance | ​ | Gross | ​ | Gross | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Amortized | ​ | for Credit | ​ | Unrealized | ​ | Unrealized | ​ | Fair | ​
​ |  | Cost | ​ | (Losses) | ​ | Gains |  | (Losses) | ​ | Value | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​
December 31, 2023: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |
Securities HTM: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |
Municipal securities | ​ | $ | 682,657 | ​ | $ | (202) | ​ | $ | 33,385 | ​ | $ | (36,639) | ​ | $ | 679,201 | ​
Other securities | ​ |  | 1,050 | ​ |  | (1) | ​ |  | 44 | ​ |  | (15) | ​ |  | 1,078 | ​
​ | ​ | $ | 683,707 | ​ | $ | (203) | ​ | $ | 33,429 | ​ | $ | (36,654) | ​ | $ | 680,279 | ​
​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Securities AFS: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
U.S. govt. sponsored agency securities | ​ | $ | 17,399 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 12 | ​ | $ | (2,438) | ​ | $ | 14,973 | ​
Residential mortgage-backed and related securities | ​ |  | 65,168 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (5,972) | ​ |  | 59,196 | ​
Municipal securities | ​ |  | 206,566 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 11 | ​ |  | (35,590) | ​ |  | 170,987 | ​
Asset-backed securities | ​ | ​ | 15,261 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 167 | ​ | ​ | (5) | ​ | ​ | 15,423 | ​
Other securities | ​ |  | 44,239 | ​ |  | (989) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (4,174) | ​ |  | 39,076 | ​
​ | ​ | $ | 348,633 | ​ | $ | (989) | ​ | $ | 190 | ​ | $ | (48,179) | ​ | $ | 299,655 | ​

​

The Company's HTM municipal securities consist largely of private issues of municipal debt. The large majority of the municipalities are located within the Midwest. The municipal debt investments are underwritten using specific guidelines with ongoing monitoring.

​

The Company's residential mortgage-backed and related securities portfolio consists entirely of government sponsored or government guaranteed securities. The Company has not invested in private mortgage-backed securities or pooled trust preferred securities.

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Gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, are summarized in the tables below. Securities AFS, for which an allowance for credit losses has been provided, are not included in these disclosures as there are no unrealized losses remaining after consideration of the ACL.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Less than 12 Months | ​ | 12 Months or More | ​ | Total
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Gross | ​ | ​ | ​ | Gross | ​ | ​ | ​ | Gross
​ | ​ | Fair | ​ | Unrealized | ​ | Fair | ​ | Unrealized | ​ | Fair | ​ | Unrealized
​ |  | Value |  | Losses |  | Value |  | Losses |  | Value |  | Losses
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2024: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Securities HTM: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Municipal securities | ​ | $ | 59,350 | ​ | $ | (2,530) | ​ | $ | 274,330 | ​ | $ | (36,301) | ​ | $ | 333,680 | ​ | $ | (38,831)
​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Securities AFS: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
U.S. govt. sponsored agency securities | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 13,943 | ​ | $ | (2,014) | ​ | $ | 13,943 | ​ | $ | (2,014)
Residential mortgage-backed and related securities | ​ |  | 74 | ​ |  | (1) | ​ |  | 51,840 | ​ |  | (4,441) | ​ |  | 51,914 | ​ |  | (4,442)
Municipal securities | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 170,349 | ​ |  | (33,722) | ​ |  | 170,349 | ​ |  | (33,722)
Asset-backed securities | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Other securities | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 37,175 | ​ |  | (2,580) | ​ |  | 37,175 | ​ |  | (2,580)
​ | ​ | $ | 74 | ​ | $ | (1) | ​ | $ | 273,307 | ​ | $ | (42,757) | ​ | $ | 273,381 | ​ | $ | (42,758)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Less than 12 Months | ​ | 12 Months or More | ​ | Total
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Gross | ​ | ​ | ​ | Gross | ​ | ​ | ​ | Gross
​ | ​ | Fair | ​ | Unrealized | ​ | Fair | ​ | Unrealized | ​ | Fair | ​ | Unrealized
​ |  | Value |  | Losses |  | Value |  | Losses |  | Value |  | Losses
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2023: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Securities HTM: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Municipal securities | ​ | $ | 1,320 | ​ | $ | (11) | ​ | $ | 289,891 | ​ | $ | (36,628) | ​ | $ | 291,211 | ​ | $ | (36,639)
Other securities | ​ |  | 535 | ​ |  | (15) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 535 | ​ |  | (15)
​ | ​ | $ | 1,855 | ​ | $ | (26) | ​ | $ | 289,891 | ​ | $ | (36,628) | ​ | $ | 291,746 | ​ | $ | (36,654)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Securities AFS: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
U.S. govt. sponsored agency securities | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 14,018 | ​ | $ | (2,438) | ​ | $ | 14,018 | ​ | $ | (2,438)
Residential mortgage-backed and related securities | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 59,118 | ​ |  | (5,972) | ​ |  | 59,118 | ​ |  | (5,972)
Municipal securities | ​ |  | 283 | ​ |  | (2) | ​ |  | 169,876 | ​ |  | (35,588) | ​ |  | 170,159 | ​ |  | (35,590)
Asset-backed securities | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,804 | ​ | ​ | (5) | ​ | ​ | 3,804 | ​ | ​ | (5)
Other securities | ​ | ​ | 3,805 | ​ | ​ | (393) | ​ | ​ | 35,271 | ​ | ​ | (3,781) | ​ | ​ | 39,076 | ​ | ​ | (4,174)
​ | ​ | $ | 4,088 | ​ | $ | (395) | ​ | $ | 282,087 | ​ | $ | (47,784) | ​ | $ | 286,175 | ​ | $ | (48,179)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

At September 30, 2024, the investment portfolio included 662 securities. Of this number, 498 securities were in an unrealized loss position. The aggregate losses of these securities totaled approximately 7.2% of the total amortized cost of the portfolio. Of these 498 securities, there were 459 securities that had an unrealized loss for twelve months or more due to the current rate environment.

​

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company’s impairment evaluation determined that one publicly traded debt security experienced a decline in fair value due to credit quality, rather than market factors. As a result, the Company recognized a credit loss expense of $989 thousand in the first quarter of 2023 and established an ACL on the related AFS security. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the remaining ACL on the related AFS security was removed as the security had been sold.

​

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for held to maturity and available for sale securities by major security type for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Nine Months Ended | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, 2024 | ​ | September 30, 2023 | ​ | September 30, 2024 | ​ | September 30, 2023 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Securities HTM | ​ | Securities AFS | ​ | Securities HTM | ​ | Securities AFS | ​ | Securities HTM | ​ | ​ | Securities AFS | ​ | Securities HTM | ​ | Securities AFS | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Municipal | ​ | Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | Corporate | ​ | Municipal | ​ | Corporate | ​ | Municipal | ​ | Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Corporate | ​ | Municipal | ​ | Other | ​ | ​
​ |  | securities |  | securities |  | Total | ​ | securities | ​ | securities | ​ | securities | ​ | securities | ​ | Securities | ​ | Total | ​ | ​ | securities | ​ | securities |  | securities |  | ​
​ |  | (dollars in thousands) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Allowance for credit losses: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Beginning balance | ​ | $ | 202 | ​ | $ | 1 | ​ | $ | 203 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 180 | ​ | $ | 989 | ​ | $ | 202 | ​ | $ | 1 | ​ | $ | 203 | ​ | $ | 989 | ​ | $ | 180 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​
Reduction due to sales | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (544) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Provision for credit loss expense | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (445) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 989 | ​ | ​
Balance, ending | ​ | $ | 202 | ​ | $ | 1 | ​ | $ | 203 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 180 | ​ | $ | 989 | ​ | $ | 202 | ​ | $ | 1 | ​ | $ | 203 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 180 | ​ | $ | 989 | ​ | ​

​

Trading securities had a fair value of $58.7 million as of September 30, 2024 and $22.4 million as of December 31, 2023, and consist of retained beneficial interests acquired in conjunction with Freddie Mac securitizations completed by the Company in 2023 and 2024. The change in fair value on trading securities for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was a net loss of $200 thousand. The change in market value on trading securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was a net gain of $53 thousand. See also Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for details of these securitizations.

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There were no transfers of securities between classifications for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 or 2023.

​

All sales of securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were securities identified as AFS.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | September 30, 2024 | ​ | September 30, 2023 | ​ | September 30, 2024 | ​ | September 30, 2023 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Proceeds from sales of securities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 30,568 | ​
Gross gains from sales of securities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 56 | ​
Gross losses from sales of securities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (507) | ​

​

The amortized cost and fair value of securities as of September 30, 2024 by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities of residential mortgage-backed and related securities and asset-backed securities may differ from contractual maturities because the residential mortgages underlying the securities may be prepaid without any penalties. Therefore, these securities are not included in the maturity categories in the following table:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
Securities HTM: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Due in one year or less | ​ | $ | 1,857 | ​ | $ | 1,850
Due after one year through five years | ​ |  | 34,099 | ​ |  | 35,817
Due after five years | ​ |  | 759,743 | ​ |  | 753,992
​ | ​ | $ | 795,699 | ​ | $ | 791,659
Securities AFS: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Due in one year or less | ​ | $ | 4,148 | ​ | $ | 4,150
Due after one year through five years | ​ |  | 19,034 | ​ |  | 18,099
Due after five years | ​ |  | 243,034 | ​ |  | 205,674
​ | ​ | ​ | 266,216 | ​ | ​ | 227,923
Residential mortgage-backed and related securities | ​ | ​ | 57,924 | ​ | ​ | 53,487
Asset-backed securities | ​ |  | 10,326 | ​ |  | 10,455
​ | ​ | $ | 334,466 | ​ | $ | 291,865

​

Portions of the U.S. government sponsored agency securities and municipal securities as of September 30, 2024, contain call options, which, at the discretion of the issuer, terminate the security at par and at predetermined dates prior to the stated maturity, summarized as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
Securities HTM: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Municipal securities | ​ | $ | 298,861 | ​ | $ | 301,521
​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Securities AFS: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Municipal securities | ​ | ​ | 204,450 | ​ | ​ | 170,745
Other securities | ​ |  | 39,755 | ​ |  | 37,175
​ | ​ | $ | 244,205 | ​ | $ | 207,920

​

As of September 30, 2024, the Company's municipal securities portfolios were comprised of general obligation bonds issued by 79 issuers with fair values totaling $106.8 million and revenue bonds, issued by 162 issuers, primarily consisting of states, counties, towns, villages and school districts with fair values totaling $855.0 million. The Company also held investments in general obligation bonds in 17 states, including nine states in which the aggregate fair value exceeded $5.0 million, and in revenue bonds in 31 states, including 13 states in which the aggregate fair value exceeded $5.0 million.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company's municipal securities portfolios were comprised of general obligation bonds issued by 82 issuers with fair values totaling $99.4 million and revenue bonds, issued by 169 issuers, primarily consisting of states, counties, towns, villages and school districts with fair values totaling $750.8 million. The Company also held investments in general obligation bonds in 18 states, including eight states in which the aggregate fair value exceeded $5.0 million, and in revenue bonds in 31 states, including 15 states in which the aggregate fair value exceeded $5.0 million.

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Both general obligation and revenue bonds are diversified across many issuers. As of September 30, 2024 and as of December 31, 2023, the Company held revenue bonds of two issuers, both located in Ohio, of which the aggregate book or market value exceeded 5% of the Company’s stockholders’ equity. The issuers’ financial conditions are strong and the sources of repayment are diversified. The Company monitors the investments and concentration closely. Of the general obligation and revenue bonds in the Company's portfolio, the majority are unrated bonds that represent small, private issuances. All unrated bonds were underwritten according to the Company’s loan underwriting standards and have an average loan risk rating of 2, indicating Superior Quality. Additionally, many of these bonds are funding essential municipal services such as water, sewer, education, and medical facilities.

The Company's municipal securities are owned by the four charters, whose investment policies set forth limits for various subcategories within the municipal securities portfolio. The investments of each charter are monitored individually, and as of September 30, 2024, all were within policy limitations approved by the Company’s board of directors. Policy limits are calculated as a percentage of each charter's total risk-based capital.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company's standard monitoring of its municipal securities portfolio had not uncovered any facts or circumstances resulting in significantly different credit ratings than those assigned by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization, or in the case of unrated bonds, the rating assigned using the credit underwriting standards.

​

NOTE 3 – LOANS/LEASES RECEIVABLE

The composition of the loan/lease portfolio as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is presented as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | September 30, 2024 | ​ | December 31, 2023
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
C&I: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
C&I - revolving | ​ | $ | 387,409 | ​ | $ | 325,243
C&I - other */** | ​ | ​ | 1,410,081 | ​ | ​ | 1,481,778
​ | ​ | ​ | 1,797,490 | ​ | ​ | 1,807,021
​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
CRE - owner occupied | ​ |  | 622,072 | ​ |  | 607,365
CRE - non-owner occupied | ​ |  | 1,103,694 | ​ | ​ | 1,008,892
Construction and land development** | ​ |  | 1,256,176 | ​ |  | 1,420,525
Multi-family** | ​ | ​ | 1,297,772 | ​ | ​ | 996,143
Direct financing leases*** | ​ |  | 19,241 | ​ |  | 31,164
1-4 family real estate**** | ​ | ​ | 587,512 | ​ | ​ | 544,971
Consumer | ​ |  | 144,845 | ​ |  | 127,335
​ | ​ |  | 6,828,802 | ​ |  | 6,543,416
Allowance for credit losses | ​ |  | (86,321) | ​ |  | (87,200)
​ | ​ | $ | 6,742,481 | ​ | $ | 6,456,216
*** Direct financing leases: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Net minimum lease payments to be received | ​ | $ | 20,987 | ​ | $ | 34,966
Estimated unguaranteed residual values of leased assets | ​ |  | 165 | ​ |  | 165
Unearned lease/residual income | ​ |  | (1,911) | ​ |  | (3,967)
​ | ​ |  | 19,241 | ​ |  | 31,164
Plus deferred lease origination costs, net of fees | ​ |  | 27 | ​ |  | 75
​ | ​ |  | 19,268 | ​ |  | 31,239
Less allowance for credit losses | ​ |  | (692) | ​ |  | (992)
​ | ​ | $ | 18,576 | ​ | $ | 30,247
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

* Includes equipment financing agreements outstanding through m2, totaling $334.0 million and $319.5 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

** As of September 30, 2024, there were multi-family loans held for sale in preparation for securitization totaling $165.9 million. There were no loans held for sale in preparation for securitization at December 31, 2023.

*** Management performs an evaluation of the estimated unguaranteed residual values of leased assets on an annual basis, at a minimum. The evaluation consists of discussions with reputable and current vendors, which is combined with management's expertise and understanding of the current states of particular industries to determine informal valuations of the equipment. As necessary and where available, management will utilize valuations by independent appraisers. The majority of leases with residual values contain a lease options rider, which requires the lessee to pay the residual value directly, finance the payment of the residual value, or extend the lease term to pay the residual value. In these cases, the residual value is protected and the risk of loss is minimal.

**** Includes residential real estate held for sale totaling $1.1 million and $2.6 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

​

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Accrued interest on loans, which is excluded from the amortized cost of loans, totaled $36.5 million and $31.8 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and was included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

​

Changes in net accretable discounts on acquired loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, are presented as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | For the Three Months Ended | ​ | For the Nine Months Ended | ​ | ​
​ | September 30, 2024 | ​ | September 30, 2023 | ​ | September 30, 2024 | ​ | September 30, 2023 | ​ | ​
​ | Performing | ​ | Performing | ​ | ​ | Performing | ​ | Performing | ​ | ​
​ | Loans |  | Loans | ​ | Loans |  | Loans | ​ | ​
​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance at the beginning of the period | $ | (3,271) | ​ | $ | (5,104) | ​ | $ | (3,891) | ​ | $ | (6,088) | ​ | ​
Accretion recognized |  | 474 | ​ |  | 540 | ​ |  | 1,094 | ​ |  | 1,524 | ​ | ​
Balance at the end of the period | $ | (2,797) | ​ | $ | (4,564) | ​ | $ | (2,797) | ​ | $ | (4,564) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

The aging of the loan/lease portfolio by classes of loans/leases as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is presented as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of September 30, 2024 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Accruing Past | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 30-59 Days | ​ | 60-89 Days | ​ | Due 90 Days or | ​ | Nonaccrual | ​ | ​ |
Classes of Loans/Leases |  | Current |  | Past Due |  | Past Due |  | More |  | Loans/Leases |  | Total |
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​
C&I: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
C&I - revolving | ​ | $ | 387,072 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 142 | ​ | $ | 195 | $ | ​ | 387,409 | ​
C&I - other | ​ | ​ | 1,383,851 | ​ | ​ | 7,072 | ​ | ​ | 2,990 | ​ | ​ | 970 | ​ | ​ | 15,198 | ​ | ​ | 1,410,081 | ​
CRE - owner occupied | ​ |  | 619,860 | ​ | ​ | 1,086 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,126 | ​ |  | 622,072 | ​
CRE - non-owner occupied | ​ |  | 1,099,395 | ​ | ​ | 410 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3,889 | ​ |  | 1,103,694 | ​
Construction and land development | ​ | ​ | 1,251,949 | ​ | ​ | 1,868 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 2,359 | ​ | ​ | 1,256,176 | ​
Multi-family | ​ |  | 1,289,201 | ​ | ​ | 1,199 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 7,372 | ​ |  | 1,297,772 | ​
Direct financing leases | ​ |  | 18,713 | ​ | ​ | 106 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 422 | ​ |  | 19,241 | ​
1-4 family real estate | ​ |  | 584,478 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 385 | ​ | ​ | 186 | ​ | ​ | 2,461 | ​ |  | 587,512 | ​
Consumer | ​ |  | 144,067 | ​ | ​ | 237 | ​ | ​ | 83 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 458 | ​ |  | 144,845 | ​
​ | ​ | $ | 6,778,586 | ​ | $ | 11,980 | ​ | $ | 3,458 | ​ | $ | 1,298 | ​ | $ | 33,480 | ​ | $ | 6,828,802 | ​
​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
As a percentage of total loan/lease portfolio | ​ |  | 99.26 | % |  | 0.18 | % |  | 0.05 | % |  | 0.02 | % |  | 0.49 | % |  | 100.00 | %

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31, 2023 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Accruing Past | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 30-59 Days | ​ | 60-89 Days | ​ | Due 90 Days or | ​ | Nonaccrual | ​ | ​ |
Classes of Loans/Leases |  | Current |  | Past Due |  | Past Due |  | More |  | Loans/Leases |  | Total |
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
C&I | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
C&I - revolving | ​ | $ | 325,243 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 325,243 | ​
C&I - other | ​ |  | 1,459,818 | ​ |  | 4,848 | ​ |  | 5,603 | ​ |  | 1 | ​ |  | 11,508 | ​ |  | 1,481,778 | ​
CRE - owner occupied | ​ |  | 604,602 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 83 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 2,680 | ​ |  | 607,365 | ​
CRE - non-owner occupied | ​ |  | 1,003,267 | ​ |  | 631 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 4,994 | ​ |  | 1,008,892 | ​
Construction and land development | ​ |  | 1,418,016 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 2,509 | ​ |  | 1,420,525 | ​
Multi-family | ​ | ​ | 987,971 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 8,172 | ​ | ​ | 996,143 | ​
Direct financing leases | ​ |  | 30,501 | ​ |  | 186 | ​ |  | 188 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 289 | ​ |  | 31,164 | ​
1-4 family real estate | ​ |  | 538,229 | ​ |  | 3,883 | ​ |  | 534 | ​ |  | 85 | ​ |  | 2,240 | ​ |  | 544,971 | ​
Consumer | ​ |  | 126,868 | ​ |  | 103 | ​ |  | 3 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 361 | ​ |  | 127,335 | ​
​ | ​ | $ | 6,494,515 | ​ | $ | 9,651 | ​ | $ | 6,411 | ​ | $ | 86 | ​ | $ | 32,753 | ​ | $ | 6,543,416 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
As a percentage of total loan/lease portfolio | ​ |  | 99.25 | % |  | 0.15 | % |  | 0.10 | % |  | 0.00 | % |  | 0.50 | % |  | 100.00 | %

​

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NPLs by classes of loans/leases as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are presented as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of September 30, 2024 | ​
​ | ​ | Accruing Past | ​ | Nonaccrual | ​ | Nonaccrual | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Due 90 Days or | ​ | Loans/Leases | ​ | Loans/Leases | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Percentage of | ​
Classes of Loans/Leases |  | More |  | with an ACL |  | without an ACL |  | Total NPLs |  | Total NPLs |
​ |  | (dollars in thousands) | ​
C&I: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
C&I - revolving | ​ | $ | 142 | ​ | $ | 195 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 337 |  | 1 | %
C&I - other | ​ | ​ | 970 | ​ | ​ | 12,563 | ​ | ​ | 2,635 | ​ | ​ | 16,168 | ​ | 47 | ​
CRE - owner occupied | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 841 | ​ | ​ | 285 | ​ | ​ | 1,126 |  | 3 | ​
CRE - non-owner occupied | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 1,213 | ​ | ​ | 2,676 | ​ | ​ | 3,889 |  | 11 | ​
Construction and land development | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 2,359 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 2,359 | ​ | 7 | ​
Multi-family | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 7,372 | ​ | ​ | 7,372 |  | 21 | ​
Direct financing leases | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 422 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 422 |  | 1 | ​
1-4 family real estate | ​ |  | 186 | ​ | ​ | 2,093 | ​ | ​ | 368 | ​ | ​ | 2,647 |  | 8 | ​
Consumer | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 458 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 458 |  | 1 | ​
​ | ​ | $ | 1,298 | ​ | $ | 20,144 | ​ | $ | 13,336 | ​ | $ | 34,778 |  | 100 | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31, 2023 |
​ | ​ | Accruing Past | ​ | Nonaccrual | ​ | Nonaccrual | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | Due 90 Days or | ​ | Loans/Leases | ​ | Loans/Leases | ​ | ​ | ​ | Percentage of |
Classes of Loans/Leases |  | More |  | with an ACL |  | without an ACL |  | Total NPLs |  | Total NPLs |
​ |  | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
C&I: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
C&I - revolving | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — |  | - | %
C&I - other | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 8,865 | ​ | ​ | 2,643 | ​ | ​ | 11,509 | ​ | 35 | ​
CRE - owner occupied | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 530 | ​ |  | 2,150 | ​ |  | 2,680 |  | 8 | ​
CRE - non-owner occupied | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,213 | ​ |  | 3,781 | ​ |  | 4,994 |  | 15 | ​
Construction and land development | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 2,509 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 2,509 |  | 8 | ​
Multi-family | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 8,172 | ​ |  | 8,172 |  | 25 | ​
Direct financing leases | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 206 | ​ |  | 83 | ​ |  | 289 |  | 1 | ​
1-4 family real estate | ​ |  | 85 | ​ |  | 1,866 | ​ |  | 374 | ​ |  | 2,325 |  | 7 | ​
Consumer | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 361 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 361 |  | 1 | ​
​ | ​ | $ | 86 | ​ | $ | 15,550 | ​ | $ | 17,203 | ​ | $ | 32,839 | ​ | 100 | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

The Company did not recognize any interest income on nonaccrual loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

Changes in the ACL on loans/leases by portfolio segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, are presented as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | CRE | ​ | CRE | ​ | Construction | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1-4 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | C&I - | ​ | C&I - | ​ | Owner | ​ | Non-Owner | ​ | and Land | ​ | Multi- | ​ | Family | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Revolving | ​ | Other* | ​ | Occupied | ​ | Occupied | ​ | Development | ​ | Family | ​ | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | ​ | Total
​ |  | (dollars in thousands)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance, beginning | ​ | $ | 3,699 | ​ | $ | 30,544 | ​ | $ | 8,053 | ​ | $ | 12,376 | ​ | $ | 12,054 | ​ | $ | 14,257 | ​ | $ | 5,203 | ​ | $ | 1,520 | ​ | ​ | $ | 87,706
Change in ACL for writedown of LHFS to fair value | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (1,812) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,812)
Provision | ​ |  | 235 | ​ |  | 2,159 | ​ |  | (472) | ​ |  | (330) | ​ |  | 2,371 | ​ |  | 649 | ​ |  | (773) | ​ |  | (11) | ​ | ​ |  | 3,828
Charge-offs | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (3,040) | ​ |  | (10) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (800) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (21) | ​ | ​ |  | (3,871)
Recoveries | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 443 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 22 | ​ |  | 5 | ​ | ​ |  | 470
Balance, ending | ​ | $ | 3,934 | ​ | $ | 30,106 | ​ | $ | 7,571 | ​ | $ | 12,046 | ​ | $ | 14,425 | ​ | $ | 12,294 | ​ | $ | 4,452 | ​ | $ | 1,493 | ​ | ​ | $ | 86,321
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | CRE | ​ | CRE | ​ | Construction | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1-4 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | C&I - | ​ | C&I - | ​ | Owner | ​ | Non-Owner | ​ | and Land | ​ | Multi- | ​ | Family | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Revolving | ​ | Other** | ​ | Occupied | ​ | Occupied | ​ | Development | ​ | Family | ​ | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | ​ | Total
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance, beginning | ​ | $ | 4,224 | ​ | $ | 27,460 | ​ | $ | 8,223 | ​ | $ | 11,581 | ​ | $ | 16,856 | ​ | $ | 12,463 | ​ | $ | 4,917 | ​ | $ | 1,476 | ​ | ​ | $ | 87,200
Change in ACL for writedown of LHFS to fair value | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (4,691) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | (4,691)
Provision | ​ |  | (290) | ​ |  | 9,855 | ​ |  | (642) | ​ |  | 465 | ​ |  | (2,431) | ​ |  | 5,322 | ​ |  | (464) | ​ |  | 92 | ​ | ​ |  | 11,907
Charge-offs | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (8,259) | ​ |  | (10) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (800) | ​ |  | (24) | ​ |  | (89) | ​ | ​ |  | (9,182)
Recoveries | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,050 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 23 | ​ |  | 14 | ​ | ​ |  | 1,087
Balance, ending | ​ | $ | 3,934 | ​ | $ | 30,106 | ​ | $ | 7,571 | ​ | $ | 12,046 | ​ | $ | 14,425 | ​ | $ | 12,294 | ​ | $ | 4,452 | ​ | $ | 1,493 | ​ | ​ | $ | 86,321
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

* Included within the C&I – Other column are ACL on leases with a beginning balance of $800 thousand, negative provision of $21 thousand, charge-offs of $104 thousand and recoveries of $17 thousand. ACL on leases was $692 thousand as of September 30, 2024.

** Included within the C&I – Other column are ACL on leases with a beginning balance of $992 thousand, negative provision of $195 thousand, charge-offs of $193 thousand and recoveries of $88 thousand. ACL on leases was $692 thousand as of September 30, 2024.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | CRE | ​ | CRE | ​ | Construction | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1-4 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | C&I - | ​ | C&I - | ​ | Owner | ​ | Non-Owner | ​ | and Land | ​ | Multi- | ​ | Family | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Revolving | ​ | Other* | ​ | Occupied | ​ | Occupied | ​ | Development | ​ | Family | ​ | Real Estate | ​ | Consumer |  | ​ | Total |
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance, beginning | ​ | $ | 4,101 | ​ | $ | 27,162 | ​ | $ | 8,731 | ​ | $ | 11,968 | ​ | $ | 15,888 | ​ | $ | 11,229 | ​ | $ | 5,213 | ​ | $ | 1,505 | ​ | ​ | $ | 85,797 | ​
Change in ACL for writedown of LHFS to fair value | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 175 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | 175 | ​
Provision | ​ | ​ | 368 | ​ | ​ | 1,111 | ​ | ​ | 192 | ​ | ​ | (313) | ​ | ​ | 992 | ​ | ​ | 875 | ​ | ​ | (45) | ​ | ​ | 80 | ​ | ​ |  | 3,260 | ​
Charge-offs | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (1,734) | ​ |  | (14) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (38) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (30) | ​ | ​ |  | (1,816) | ​
Recoveries | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 215 | ​ |  | 3 | ​ |  | 26 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 9 | ​ | ​ |  | 253 | ​
Balance, ending | ​ | $ | 4,469 | ​ | $ | 26,754 | ​ | $ | 8,912 | ​ | $ | 11,681 | ​ | $ | 16,842 | ​ | $ | 12,279 | ​ | $ | 5,168 | ​ | $ | 1,564 | ​ | ​ | $ | 87,669 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | CRE | ​ | CRE | ​ | Construction | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1-4 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | C&I - | ​ | C&I - | ​ | Owner | ​ | Non-Owner | ​ | and Land | ​ | Multi- | ​ | Family | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Revolving | ​ | Other** | ​ | Occupied | ​ | Occupied | ​ | Development | ​ | Family | ​ | Real Estate | ​ | Consumer |  | ​ | Total
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance, beginning | ​ | $ | 4,457 | ​ | $ | 27,753 | ​ | $ | 9,965 | ​ | $ | 11,749 | ​ | $ | 14,262 | ​ | $ | 13,186 | ​ | $ | 4,963 | ​ | $ | 1,371 | ​ | ​ | $ | 87,706
Change in ACL for writedown of LHFS to fair value | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | (5) | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (147) | ​ | ​ | (3,659) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | (3,811)
Provision | ​ | ​ | 12 | ​ | ​ | 3,986 | ​ | ​ | (834) | ​ | ​ | (99) | ​ | ​ | 2,777 | ​ | ​ | 2,752 | ​ | ​ | 200 | ​ | ​ | 237 | ​ | ​ |  | 9,031
Charge-offs | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (5,709) | ​ |  | (222) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (50) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (57) | ​ | ​ |  | (6,038)
Recoveries | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 729 | ​ |  | 3 | ​ |  | 31 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 5 | ​ |  | 13 | ​ | ​ |  | 781
Balance, ending | ​ | $ | 4,469 | ​ | $ | 26,754 | ​ | $ | 8,912 | ​ | $ | 11,681 | ​ | $ | 16,842 | ​ | $ | 12,279 | ​ | $ | 5,168 | ​ | $ | 1,564 | ​ | ​ | $ | 87,669

​

* Included within the C&I – Other column are ACL on leases with a beginning balance of $1.0 million, provision of $165 thousand, charge-offs of $133 thousand and recoveries of $43 thousand. ACL on leases was $1.1 million as of September 30, 2023.

** Included within the C& I – Other column are ACL on leases with a beginning balance of $970 thousand, provision of $224 thousand, charge-offs of $186 thousand and recoveries of $73 thousand. ACL on leases was $1.1 million as of September 30, 2023.

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The composition of the ACL on loans/leases by portfolio segment based on evaluation method are as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of September 30, 2024 | ​
​ | ​ | Amortized Cost of Loans Receivable | ​ | Allowance for Credit Losses | ​
​ | ​ | Individually | ​ | Collectively | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Individually | ​ | Collectively | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Evaluated for | ​ | Evaluated for | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Evaluated for | ​ | Evaluated for | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Credit Losses |  | Credit Losses | ​ | Total | ​ | Credit Losses |  | Credit Losses | ​ | Total | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
C&I : | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
C&I - revolving | ​ | $ | 1,361 | ​ | $ | 386,048 | ​ | $ | 387,409 | ​ | $ | 100 | ​ | $ | 3,834 | ​ | $ | 3,934 | ​
C&I - other* | ​ |  | 23,442 | ​ |  | 1,405,880 | ​ |  | 1,429,322 | ​ |  | 6,377 | ​ |  | 23,729 | ​ |  | 30,106 | ​
​ | ​ |  | 24,803 | ​ |  | 1,791,928 | ​ |  | 1,816,731 | ​ |  | 6,477 | ​ |  | 27,563 | ​ |  | 34,040 | ​
CRE - owner occupied | ​ |  | 26,214 | ​ |  | 595,858 | ​ |  | 622,072 | ​ |  | 2,232 | ​ |  | 5,339 | ​ |  | 7,571 | ​
CRE - non-owner occupied | ​ |  | 19,188 | ​ |  | 1,084,506 | ​ |  | 1,103,694 | ​ |  | 667 | ​ |  | 11,379 | ​ |  | 12,046 | ​
Construction and land development | ​ |  | 6,755 | ​ |  | 1,249,421 | ​ |  | 1,256,176 | ​ |  | 789 | ​ |  | 13,636 | ​ |  | 14,425 | ​
Multi-family | ​ | ​ | 7,398 | ​ | ​ | 1,290,374 | ​ | ​ | 1,297,772 | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | 12,291 | ​ | ​ | 12,294 | ​
1-4 family real estate | ​ |  | 3,328 | ​ |  | 584,184 | ​ |  | 587,512 | ​ |  | 318 | ​ |  | 4,134 | ​ |  | 4,452 | ​
Consumer | ​ |  | 581 | ​ |  | 144,264 | ​ |  | 144,845 | ​ |  | 67 | ​ |  | 1,426 | ​ |  | 1,493 | ​
​ | ​ | $ | 88,267 | ​ | $ | 6,740,535 | ​ | $ | 6,828,802 | ​ | $ | 10,553 | ​ | $ | 75,768 | ​ | $ | 86,321 | ​

​

* Included within the C&I – Other category are leases individually evaluated of $422 thousand with a related allowance for credit losses of $14 thousand and leases collectively evaluated of $18.9 million with a related allowance for credit losses of $547 thousand as of September 30, 2024.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31, 2023 | ​
​ | ​ | Amortized Cost of Loans Receivable | ​ | Allowance for Credit Losses | ​
​ | ​ | Individually | ​ | Collectively | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Individually | ​ | Collectively | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Evaluated for | ​ | Evaluated for | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Evaluated for | ​ | Evaluated for | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Credit Losses |  | Credit Losses | ​ | Total | ​ | Credit Losses |  | Credit Losses | ​ | Total | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
C&I : | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
C&I - revolving | ​ | $ | 4,680 | ​ | $ | 320,563 | ​ | $ | 325,243 | ​ | $ | 632 | ​ | $ | 3,592 | ​ | $ | 4,224 | ​
C&I - other* | ​ |  | 20,133 | ​ |  | 1,492,809 | ​ |  | 1,512,942 | ​ |  | 3,642 | ​ |  | 23,818 | ​ |  | 27,460 | ​
​ | ​ |  | 24,813 | ​ |  | 1,813,372 | ​ |  | 1,838,185 | ​ |  | 4,274 | ​ |  | 27,410 | ​ |  | 31,684 | ​
CRE - owner occupied | ​ |  | 22,709 | ​ |  | 584,656 | ​ |  | 607,365 | ​ |  | 2,426 | ​ |  | 5,797 | ​ |  | 8,223 | ​
CRE - non-owner occupied | ​ |  | 21,886 | ​ |  | 987,006 | ​ |  | 1,008,892 | ​ |  | 661 | ​ |  | 10,920 | ​ |  | 11,581 | ​
Construction and land development | ​ |  | 2,726 | ​ |  | 1,417,799 | ​ |  | 1,420,525 | ​ |  | 809 | ​ |  | 16,047 | ​ |  | 16,856 | ​
Multi-family | ​ | ​ | 8,206 | ​ | ​ | 987,937 | ​ | ​ | 996,143 | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | 12,460 | ​ | ​ | 12,463 | ​
1-4 family real estate | ​ |  | 3,128 | ​ |  | 541,843 | ​ |  | 544,971 | ​ |  | 289 | ​ |  | 4,628 | ​ |  | 4,917 | ​
Consumer | ​ |  | 508 | ​ |  | 126,827 | ​ |  | 127,335 | ​ |  | 56 | ​ |  | 1,420 | ​ |  | 1,476 | ​
​ | ​ | $ | 83,976 | ​ | $ | 6,459,440 | ​ | $ | 6,543,416 | ​ | $ | 8,518 | ​ | $ | 78,682 | ​ | $ | 87,200 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

* Included within the C&I – Other category are leases individually evaluated of $289 thousand with a related allowance for credit losses of $68 thousand and leases collectively evaluated of $30.9 million with a related allowance for credit losses of $924 thousand as of December 31, 2023.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans, by the primary collateral type, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of September 30, 2024 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Non | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Commercial | ​ | Owner-occupied | ​ | Owner-Occupied | ​ | Owner Occupied | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Assets |  | CRE |  | Real Estate | ​ | Real Estate | ​ | Securities | ​ | Equipment | ​ | Other | ​ | Total | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
C & I: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
C&I - revolving | ​ | $ | 1,361 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 1,361 | ​
C&I - other* | ​ |  | 2,174 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 5,172 | ​ |  | 13,197 | ​ |  | 2,899 | ​ |  | 23,442 | ​
​ | ​ |  | 3,535 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 5,172 | ​ |  | 13,197 | ​ |  | 2,899 | ​ |  | 24,803 | ​
CRE - owner occupied | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 26,152 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 62 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 26,214 | ​
CRE - non-owner occupied | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 19,188 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 19,188 | ​
Construction and land development | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 6,755 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 6,755 | ​
Multi-family | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 7,398 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 7,398 | ​
1-4 family real estate | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 177 | ​ |  | 3,151 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 3,328 | ​
Consumer | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 118 | ​ |  | 441 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 22 | ​ |  | 581 | ​
​ | ​ | $ | 3,535 | ​ | $ | 26,152 | ​ | $ | 33,636 | ​ | $ | 3,654 | ​ | $ | 5,172 | ​ | $ | 13,197 | ​ | $ | 2,921 | ​ | $ | 88,267 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

* Included within the C&I – Other category are leases individually evaluated of $422 thousand with primary collateral of equipment as of September 30, 2024.

​

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​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31, 2023 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Non | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Commercial | ​ | Owner-occupied | ​ | Owner-Occupied | ​ | Owner Occupied | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Assets |  | CRE |  | Real Estate | ​ | Real Estate | ​ | Securities | ​ | Equipment | ​ | Other | ​ | Total | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
C & I: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
C&I - revolving | ​ | $ | 4,680 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 4,680 | ​
C&I - other* | ​ |  | 871 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 5,191 | ​ |  | 13,249 | ​ |  | 822 | ​ |  | 20,133 | ​
​ | ​ |  | 5,551 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 5,191 | ​ |  | 13,249 | ​ |  | 822 | ​ |  | 24,813 | ​
CRE - owner occupied | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 22,644 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 65 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 22,709 | ​
CRE - non-owner occupied | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 21,886 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 21,886 | ​
Construction and land development | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 150 | ​ |  | 2,576 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 2,726 | ​
Multi-family | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 8,206 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 8,206 | ​
1-4 family real estate | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 189 | ​ |  | 2,939 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 3,128 | ​
Consumer | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 119 | ​ |  | 365 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 24 | ​ |  | 508 | ​
​ | ​ | $ | 5,551 | ​ | $ | 22,794 | ​ | $ | 32,976 | ​ | $ | 3,369 | ​ | $ | 5,191 | ​ | $ | 13,249 | ​ | $ | 846 | ​ | $ | 83,976 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

* Included within the C&I – Other category are leases individually evaluated of $289 thousand with primary collateral of equipment as of December 31, 2023.

For all loans except direct financing leases and equipment financing agreements, the Company’s credit quality indicator consists of internally assigned risk ratings. Each such loan is assigned a risk rating upon origination. The risk rating is reviewed every 15 months, at a minimum, and on an as-needed basis depending on the specific circumstances of the loan.

​

For certain C&I loans (including equipment financing agreements and direct financing leases), the Company’s credit quality indicator is performance determined by delinquency status. Delinquency status is updated daily by the Company’s loan system. For years prior to 2024, certain C&I loans (including equipment financing agreements and direct financing leases), certain construction and land development, certain 1-4 family real estate loans, and certain consumer loans, the Company’s credit quality indicator is performance determined by delinquency status. Delinquency status is updated daily by the Company’s loan system.

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The following tables show the credit quality indicator of loans by class of receivable and year of origination as of September 30, 2024:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of September 30, 2024
​ | ​ | Term Loans |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year |  | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Revolving | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Loans | ​ | ​ | ​
Internally Assigned | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Amortized | ​ | ​
Risk Rating |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 | ​ | Prior | ​ | Cost Basis | ​ | Total
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
C&I - revolving | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 365,674 | ​ | $ | 365,674
Special Mention | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 20,710 | ​ |  | 20,710
Substandard | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,025 | ​ |  | 1,025
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | —
Total C&I - revolving | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 387,409 | ​ | $ | 387,409
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
C&I - other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 233,837 | ​ | $ | 304,461 | ​ | $ | 217,377 | ​ | $ | 81,387 | ​ | $ | 44,840 | ​ | $ | 157,640 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 1,039,542
Special Mention | ​ |  | 8,789 | ​ | ​ | 6,443 | ​ | ​ | 3,182 | ​ | ​ | 4,664 | ​ | ​ | 2,744 | ​ | ​ | 1,135 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | 26,957
Substandard | ​ |  | 2,544 | ​ | ​ | 134 | ​ | ​ | 504 | ​ | ​ | 792 | ​ | ​ | 138 | ​ | ​ | 5,451 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | 9,563
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | —
Total C&I - other | ​ | $ | 245,170 | ​ | $ | 311,038 | ​ | $ | 221,063 | ​ | $ | 86,843 | ​ | $ | 47,722 | ​ | $ | 164,226 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 1,076,062
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
CRE - owner occupied | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 54,674 | ​ | $ | 107,037 | ​ | $ | 123,285 | ​ | $ | 105,592 | ​ | $ | 99,115 | ​ | $ | 77,953 | ​ | $ | 13,834 | ​ | $ | 581,490
Special Mention | ​ |  | 3,757 | ​ | ​ | 73 | ​ | ​ | 1,227 | ​ | ​ | 9,996 | ​ | ​ | 1,045 | ​ | ​ | 2,112 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | 18,210
Substandard | ​ |  | 2,859 | ​ | ​ | 287 | ​ | ​ | 519 | ​ | ​ | 448 | ​ | ​ | 16,677 | ​ | ​ | 1,582 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | 22,372
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | —
Total CRE - owner occupied | ​ | $ | 61,290 | ​ | $ | 107,397 | ​ | $ | 125,031 | ​ | $ | 116,036 | ​ | $ | 116,837 | ​ | $ | 81,647 | ​ | $ | 13,834 | ​ | $ | 622,072
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
CRE - non-owner occupied | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 124,581 | ​ | $ | 215,307 | ​ | $ | 307,864 | ​ | $ | 163,489 | ​ | $ | 115,603 | ​ | $ | 136,261 | ​ | $ | 9,869 | ​ | $ | 1,072,974
Special Mention | ​ |  | 4,341 | ​ | ​ | 118 | ​ | ​ | 56 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 6,868 | ​ | ​ | 150 | ​ |  | 11,533
Substandard | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 3,754 | ​ | ​ | 1,200 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,934 | ​ | ​ | 12,299 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | 19,187
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | —
Total CRE - non-owner occupied | ​ | $ | 128,922 | ​ | $ | 219,179 | ​ | $ | 309,120 | ​ | $ | 163,489 | ​ | $ | 117,537 | ​ | $ | 155,428 | ​ | $ | 10,019 | ​ | $ | 1,103,694
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Construction and land development | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 350,905 | ​ | $ | 530,578 | ​ | $ | 247,624 | ​ | $ | 86,243 | ​ | $ | 11,037 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 20,668 | ​ | $ | 1,247,055
Special Mention | ​ |  | 2,367 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | 2,367
Substandard | ​ |  | 4,188 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,367 | ​ | ​ | 1,199 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | 6,754
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | —
Total Construction and land development | ​ | $ | 357,460 | ​ | $ | 530,578 | ​ | $ | 248,991 | ​ | $ | 87,442 | ​ | $ | 11,037 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 20,668 | ​ | $ | 1,256,176
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Multi-family | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 144,968 | ​ | $ | 175,876 | ​ | $ | 311,668 | ​ | $ | 238,267 | ​ | $ | 235,691 | ​ | $ | 175,679 | ​ | $ | 8,225 | ​ | $ | 1,290,374
Special Mention | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | —
Substandard | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 7,398 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | 7,398
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | —
Total Multi-family | ​ | $ | 144,968 | ​ | $ | 175,876 | ​ | $ | 311,668 | ​ | $ | 245,665 | ​ | $ | 235,691 | ​ | $ | 175,679 | ​ | $ | 8,225 | ​ | $ | 1,297,772
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
1-4 family real estate | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 95,411 | ​ | $ | 120,427 | ​ | $ | 94,051 | ​ | $ | 117,112 | ​ | $ | 80,953 | ​ | $ | 69,116 | ​ | $ | 7,036 | ​ | $ | 584,106
Special Mention | ​ |  | 53 | ​ | ​ | 146 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 56 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | 264
Substandard | ​ |  | 91 | ​ | ​ | 331 | ​ | ​ | 832 | ​ | ​ | 639 | ​ | ​ | 257 | ​ | ​ | 964 | ​ | ​ | 28 | ​ |  | 3,142
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | —
Total 1-4 family real estate | ​ | $ | 95,555 | ​ | $ | 120,904 | ​ | $ | 94,883 | ​ | $ | 117,807 | ​ | $ | 81,210 | ​ | $ | 70,089 | ​ | $ | 7,064 | ​ | $ | 587,512
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Consumer | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 10,315 | ​ | $ | 14,901 | ​ | $ | 6,780 | ​ | $ | 1,447 | ​ | $ | 2,553 | ​ | $ | 1,725 | ​ | $ | 106,463 | ​ | $ | 144,184
Special Mention | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 80 | ​ |  | 80
Substandard | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 173 | ​ | ​ | 158 | ​ | ​ | 33 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 105 | ​ | ​ | 112 | ​ |  | 581
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | —
Total Consumer | ​ | $ | 10,315 | ​ | $ | 15,074 | ​ | $ | 6,938 | ​ | $ | 1,480 | ​ | $ | 2,553 | ​ | $ | 1,830 | ​ | $ | 106,655 | ​ | $ | 144,845
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 1,043,680 | ​ | $ | 1,480,046 | ​ | $ | 1,317,694 | ​ | $ | 818,762 | ​ | $ | 612,587 | ​ | $ | 648,899 | ​ | $ | 553,874 | ​ | $ | 6,475,542
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

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​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of September 30, 2024
​ | ​ | Term Loans | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year | ​ | Revolving | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Loans | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Amortized | ​ | ​ | ​
Delinquency Status * |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Prior | ​ | Cost Basis | ​ | Total
​ |  | (dollars in thousands)
C&I - other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Performing | ​ | $ | 113,568 | ​ | $ | 109,363 | ​ | $ | 68,794 | ​ | $ | 23,476 | ​ | $ | 5,991 | ​ | $ | 476 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 321,668
Nonperforming | ​ |  | 43 | ​ | ​ | 4,229 | ​ | ​ | 5,476 | ​ | ​ | 2,292 | ​ | ​ | 297 | ​ | ​ | 14 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 12,351
Total C&I - other | ​ | $ | 113,611 | ​ | $ | 113,592 | ​ | $ | 74,270 | ​ | $ | 25,768 | ​ | $ | 6,288 | ​ | $ | 490 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 334,019
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Direct financing leases | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Performing | ​ | $ | 1,682 | ​ | $ | 6,212 | ​ | $ | 7,732 | ​ | $ | 1,653 | ​ | $ | 889 | ​ | $ | 651 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 18,819
Nonperforming | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 67 | ​ | ​ | 211 | ​ | ​ | 48 | ​ | ​ | 91 | ​ | ​ | 5 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 422
Total Direct financing leases | ​ | $ | 1,682 | ​ | $ | 6,279 | ​ | $ | 7,943 | ​ | $ | 1,701 | ​ | $ | 980 | ​ | $ | 656 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 19,241
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 115,293 | ​ | $ | 119,871 | ​ | $ | 82,213 | ​ | $ | 27,469 | ​ | $ | 7,268 | ​ | $ | 1,146 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 353,260
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

* Performing = loans/leases accruing and less than 90 days past due. Nonperforming = loans/leases on nonaccrual and accruing loans/leases that are greater than or equal to 90 days past due.

The following table shows the gross charge-offs of loans and leases by class of receivable and year of origination for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 | ​ | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
​ | ​ | Gross Charge-off by Origination Year | ​ | Gross Charge-off by Origination Year
Classes of Loans/Leases |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 | ​ | Prior | ​ | Total | ​ | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 | ​ | Prior | ​ | Total
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
C&I: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
C&I - revolving | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | —
C&I - other | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 879 | ​ | ​ | 1,375 | ​ | ​ | 632 | ​ | ​ | 35 | ​ | ​ | 15 | ​ | ​ | 2,936 | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​ | ​ | 1,763 | ​ | ​ | 4,234 | ​ | ​ | 1,724 | ​ | ​ | 147 | ​ | ​ | 191 | ​ | ​ | 8,066
CRE - owner occupied | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | 10
CRE - non-owner occupied | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Construction and land development | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Multi-family | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 800 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 800 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 800 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 800
Direct financing leases | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 67 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 27 | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | 104 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 77 | ​ | ​ | 24 | ​ | ​ | 69 | ​ | ​ | 23 | ​ | ​ | 193
1-4 family real estate | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 21 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3 | ​ | ​ | 24
Consumer | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | 21 | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​ | ​ | 42 | ​ | ​ | 11 | ​ | ​ | 15 | ​ | ​ | 4 | ​ | ​ | 89
​ | ​ | $ | 10 | ​ | $ | 885 | ​ | $ | 1,443 | ​ | $ | 1,432 | ​ | $ | 62 | ​ | $ | 39 | ​ | $ | 3,871 | ​ | $ | 17 | ​ | $ | 1,791 | ​ | $ | 4,353 | ​ | $ | 2,559 | ​ | $ | 231 | ​ | $ | 231 | ​ | $ | 9,182
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

23

Table of Contents

The following tables show the credit quality indicator of loans by class of receivable and year of origination as of December 31, 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31, 2023
​ | ​ | Term Loans
​ | ​ | Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Revolving | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Loans | ​ | ​ | ​
Internally Assigned | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Amortized | ​ | ​
Risk Rating |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 | ​ | Prior | ​ | Cost Basis | ​ | Total
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
C&I - revolving | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 294,449 | ​ | $ | 294,449
Special Mention | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 26,289 | ​ |  | 26,289
Substandard | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 4,505 | ​ |  | 4,505
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Total C&I - revolving | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 325,243 | ​ | $ | 325,243
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
C&I - other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 430,764 | ​ | $ | 301,225 | ​ | $ | 128,057 | ​ | $ | 68,882 | ​ | $ | 62,149 | ​ | $ | 132,171 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 1,123,248
Special Mention | ​ |  | 11,617 | ​ |  | 8,777 | ​ |  | 5,572 | ​ |  | 3,088 | ​ |  | 1,024 | ​ |  | 386 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 30,464
Substandard | ​ |  | 14 | ​ |  | 81 | ​ |  | 625 | ​ |  | 443 | ​ |  | 2,108 | ​ |  | 5,320 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 8,591
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Total C&I - other | ​ | $ | 442,395 | ​ | $ | 310,083 | ​ | $ | 134,254 | ​ | $ | 72,413 | ​ | $ | 65,281 | ​ | $ | 137,877 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 1,162,303
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
CRE - owner occupied | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 90,708 | ​ | $ | 124,388 | ​ | $ | 139,598 | ​ | $ | 109,483 | ​ | $ | 28,702 | ​ | $ | 58,214 | ​ | $ | 12,959 | ​ | $ | 564,052
Special Mention | ​ |  | 5,091 | ​ |  | 711 | ​ |  | 8,689 | ​ |  | 5,567 | ​ |  | 466 | ​ |  | 1,828 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 22,352
Substandard | ​ |  | 1,955 | ​ |  | 564 | ​ |  | 24 | ​ |  | 15,978 | ​ |  | 1,312 | ​ |  | 1,128 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 20,961
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Total CRE - owner occupied | ​ | $ | 97,754 | ​ | $ | 125,663 | ​ | $ | 148,311 | ​ | $ | 131,028 | ​ | $ | 30,480 | ​ | $ | 61,170 | ​ | $ | 12,959 | ​ | $ | 607,365
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
CRE - non-owner occupied | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 200,214 | ​ | $ | 276,055 | ​ | $ | 195,013 | ​ | $ | 119,428 | ​ | $ | 72,136 | ​ | $ | 78,346 | ​ | $ | 7,406 | ​ | $ | 948,598
Special Mention | ​ |  | 16,842 | ​ |  | 58 | ​ |  | 223 | ​ |  | 12,057 | ​ |  | 2,359 | ​ |  | 6,719 | ​ |  | 150 | ​ |  | 38,408
Substandard | ​ |  | 3,805 | ​ |  | 1,200 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,989 | ​ |  | 14,892 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 21,886
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Total CRE - non-owner occupied | ​ | $ | 220,861 | ​ | $ | 277,313 | ​ | $ | 195,236 | ​ | $ | 133,474 | ​ | $ | 89,387 | ​ | $ | 85,065 | ​ | $ | 7,556 | ​ | $ | 1,008,892
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Construction and land development | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 467,045 | ​ | $ | 485,376 | ​ | $ | 271,881 | ​ | $ | 151,091 | ​ | $ | 1,911 | ​ | $ | 4,137 | ​ | $ | 30,304 | ​ | $ | 1,411,745
Special Mention | ​ |  | 6,054 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 6,054
Substandard | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,517 | ​ |  | 1,209 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 2,726
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Total Construction and land development | ​ | $ | 473,099 | ​ | $ | 486,893 | ​ | $ | 273,090 | ​ | $ | 151,091 | ​ | $ | 1,911 | ​ | $ | 4,137 | ​ | $ | 30,304 | ​ | $ | 1,420,525
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Multi-family | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 180,971 | ​ | $ | 195,939 | ​ | $ | 170,893 | ​ | $ | 239,410 | ​ | $ | 102,070 | ​ | $ | 96,897 | ​ | $ | 162 | ​ | $ | 986,342
Special Mention | ​ |  | 1,595 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,595
Substandard | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 8,206 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 8,206
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Total Multi-family | ​ | $ | 182,566 | ​ | $ | 195,939 | ​ | $ | 179,099 | ​ | $ | 239,410 | ​ | $ | 102,070 | ​ | $ | 96,897 | ​ | $ | 162 | ​ | $ | 996,143
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
1-4 family real estate | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 133,923 | ​ | $ | 103,460 | ​ | $ | 130,724 | ​ | $ | 89,642 | ​ | $ | 25,914 | ​ | $ | 54,850 | ​ | $ | 3,329 | ​ | $ | 541,842
Special Mention | ​ |  | 28 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 59 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 87
Substandard | ​ |  | 144 | ​ |  | 215 | ​ |  | 815 | ​ |  | 637 | ​ |  | 519 | ​ |  | 712 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 3,042
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Total 1-4 family real estate | ​ | $ | 134,095 | ​ | $ | 103,675 | ​ | $ | 131,598 | ​ | $ | 90,279 | ​ | $ | 26,433 | ​ | $ | 55,562 | ​ | $ | 3,329 | ​ | $ | 544,971
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Consumer | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 17,722 | ​ | $ | 9,405 | ​ | $ | 2,573 | ​ | $ | 3,024 | ​ | $ | 622 | ​ | $ | 1,842 | ​ | $ | 91,580 | ​ | $ | 126,768
Special Mention | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 59 | ​ |  | 59
Substandard | ​ |  | 175 | ​ |  | 119 | ​ |  | 12 | ​ |  | 12 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 133 | ​ |  | 57 | ​ |  | 508
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Total Consumer | ​ | $ | 17,897 | ​ | $ | 9,524 | ​ | $ | 2,585 | ​ | $ | 3,036 | ​ | $ | 622 | ​ | $ | 1,975 | ​ | $ | 91,696 | ​ | $ | 127,335
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 1,568,667 | ​ | $ | 1,509,090 | ​ | $ | 1,064,173 | ​ | $ | 820,731 | ​ | $ | 316,184 | ​ | $ | 442,683 | ​ | $ | 471,249 | ​ | $ | 6,192,777
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

24

Table of Contents

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31, 2023
​ | ​ | Term Loans | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year | ​ | Revolving | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Loans | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Amortized | ​ | ​
Delinquency Status * |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Prior |  | Cost Basis |  | Total
​ |  | (dollars in thousands)
C&I - other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Performing | ​ | $ | 149,216 | ​ | $ | 103,804 | ​ | $ | 40,003 | ​ | $ | 12,590 | ​ | $ | 2,539 | ​ | $ | 132 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 308,284
Nonperforming | ​ |  | 1,533 | ​ |  | 6,138 | ​ |  | 3,049 | ​ |  | 373 | ​ |  | 92 | ​ |  | 6 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 11,191
Total C&I - other | ​ | $ | 150,749 | ​ | $ | 109,942 | ​ | $ | 43,052 | ​ | $ | 12,963 | ​ | $ | 2,631 | ​ | $ | 138 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 319,475
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Direct financing leases | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Performing | ​ | $ | 12,217 | ​ | $ | 11,170 | ​ | $ | 3,005 | ​ | $ | 2,631 | ​ | $ | 1,561 | ​ | $ | 291 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 30,875
Nonperforming | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 50 | ​ |  | 43 | ​ |  | 176 | ​ |  | 20 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 289
Total Direct financing leases | ​ | $ | 12,217 | ​ | $ | 11,220 | ​ | $ | 3,048 | ​ | $ | 2,807 | ​ | $ | 1,581 | ​ | $ | 291 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 31,164
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 162,966 | ​ | $ | 121,162 | ​ | $ | 46,100 | ​ | $ | 15,770 | ​ | $ | 4,212 | ​ | $ | 429 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 350,639

​

* Performing = loans/leases accruing and less than 90 days past due. Nonperforming = loans/leases on nonaccrual and accruing loans/leases that are greater than or equal to 90 days past due.

​

There were no loan and lease modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. Any loan and lease modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during 2023 were immaterial.

​

Changes in the ACL for OBS exposures for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are presented as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Nine Months Ended
​ | September 30, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | September 30, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023
​ | (dollars in thousands)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance, beginning | $ | 10,360 | ​ | $ | 6,326 | ​ | $ | 9,529 | ​ | $ | 5,552
Provisions to expense |  | (344) | ​ |  | 546 | ​ |  | 487 | ​ |  | 1,320
Balance, ending | $ | 10,016 | ​ | $ | 6,872 | ​ | $ | 10,016 | ​ | $ | 6,872
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​

NOTE 4. SECURITIZATIONS AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

​

Freddie Mac Securitizations

​

In 2023, the Company completed two Freddie Mac sponsored securitizations. The Company retained beneficial interests which are classified as trading securities on the consolidated balance sheets. Details related to the 2023 securitizations and related VIEs can be found in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

​

On August 15, 2024, the Company entered into an arrangement with Freddie Mac to securitize and sell $230.7 million of nontaxable LIHTC loans was securitized through Freddie Mac and sold to investors. The Company retained beneficial interests totaling $36.7 million, which are classified as trading securities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The transfer of these loans was accounted for as a sale for financial reporting purposes, in accordance with ASC 860, and a $473 thousand net loss on sale was recognized, which included the impact of the fair value of retained beneficial interests and transaction costs.

​

Two classes of M-Series certificates were issued in conjunction with the 2024 securitization. Freddie Mac guarantees timely payment of interest and scheduled principal on M-Series Class A Certificates, which were sold to third-party investors through a Freddie Mac Securitization special purpose entity. M-Series Class B Certificates are subordinated to M-Series Class A Certificates and were issued to the Company. Class B Certificates provide 15% first loss support to Freddie Mac on the Class A Certificates, or approximately $34.9 million. In addition, the Company pledged $10.1 million of related taxable loans. The Company’s ongoing involvement in this transaction is limited to customary obligations of loan sales, including any indemnification for material breach in the Company’s representations.

​

As part of the 2024 securitization transaction, the Company released all servicing obligations and rights to a third party, which include obligations to collect and remit payments of principal and interest, manage payments of taxes

and insurance, and otherwise administer the underlying loans.

25

Table of Contents

​

At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company determined it was not the primary beneficiary of the VIEs related to all securitizations to date, primarily because the Company did not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIEs. Evaluation and assessment of VIEs for consolidation is performed on an ongoing basis by management. Any changes in facts and circumstances occurring since the previous primary beneficiary determination will be considered as part of this ongoing assessment.

​

As of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the Company’s total assets associated with the VIEs related to all securitizations to date, were $58.7 million and $22.4 million, respectively, and there were no liabilities recorded. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss associated with these VIEs consists of the capital invested plus any unfunded equity commitments that are binding. As of September 30, 2024, the maximum exposure to loss was $66.6 million.

​

NOTE 5 – DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

Derivatives are summarized as follows as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
Assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Hedged Derivatives | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash Flow Hedges | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest rate caps | ​ | $ | 753 | ​ | $ | 2,847
Interest rate collars | ​ | ​ | 62 | ​ | ​ | —
Interest rate swaps | ​ |  | 958 | ​ |  | 1,689
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unhedged Derivatives | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash Flow Hedges | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Swaptions | ​ | ​ | 4,086 | ​ | ​ | —
Fair Value Hedges | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest rate caps | ​ | ​ | 314 | ​ | ​ | 951
Interest rate swaps | ​ |  | 255,740 | ​ |  | 181,854
​ | ​ | $ | 261,913 | ​ | $ | 187,341
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Liabilities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Hedged Derivatives | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash Flow Hedges | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest rate swaps | ​ | $ | (25,060) | ​ | $ | (30,407)
Interest rate collars | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (166)
Fair Value Hedges | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest rate swaps | ​ | ​ | (4,969) | ​ | ​ | (3,308)
Unhedged Derivatives | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest rate swaps | ​ | ​ | (255,740) | ​ | ​ | (181,854)
​ | ​ | $ | (285,769) | ​ | $ | (215,735)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

The Company uses interest rate swap, cap and collar instruments as well as swaptions to manage interest rate risk and the impact of changing interest rates on our net interest income and capital.

The Company has entered into interest rate caps to hedge against the risk of rising interest rates on liabilities. The liabilities consist of $300.0 million of deposits and the benchmark rates hedged vary at 1-month SOFR, 3-month SOFR and the Prime Rate. The interest rate caps are designated as cash flow hedges in accordance with ASC 815. An initial premium of $3.5 million was paid upfront for the caps executed. The details of the interest rate caps are as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Balance Sheet | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Fair Value as of | ​ | ​
Hedged Item | ​ | Effective Date | ​ | Maturity Date | ​ | Location | ​ | Notional Amount | ​ | Strike Rate | ​ | September 30, 2024 | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2023 | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Deposits | ​ | 1/1/2020 | ​ | 1/1/2024 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | $ | 25,000 | ​ | 1.75 | % | ​ | $ | - | ​ | ​ | $ | (79) | ​ | ​
Deposits | ​ | 1/1/2020 | ​ | 1/1/2024 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 50,000 | ​ | 1.57 | % | ​ | ​ | - | ​ | ​ | ​ | - | ​ | ​
Deposits | ​ | 1/1/2020 | ​ | 1/1/2024 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 25,000 | ​ | 1.80 | % | ​ | ​ | - | ​ | ​ | ​ | - | ​ | ​
Deposits | ​ | 1/1/2020 | ​ | 1/1/2025 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 25,000 | ​ | 1.75 | % | ​ | ​ | 188 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 672 | ​ | ​
Deposits | ​ | 1/1/2020 | ​ | 1/1/2025 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 50,000 | ​ | 1.57 | % | ​ | ​ | 376 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,503 | ​ | ​
Deposits | ​ | 1/1/2020 | ​ | 1/1/2025 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 25,000 | ​ | 1.80 | % | ​ | ​ | 189 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 751 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 200,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 753 | ​ | ​ | $ | 2,847 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

26

Table of Contents

The Company has entered into interest rate swaps to hedge against the risk of rising rates on one of its variable rate subordinated notes and its variable rate trust preferred securities. All of the interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges in accordance with ASC 815. The details of the interest rate swaps are as follows:

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Balance Sheet | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Fair Value as of
Hedged Item | ​ | Effective Date | ​ | Maturity Date | ​ | Location | ​ | Notional Amount | ​ | Receive Rate | ​ | ​ | Pay Rate | ​ | September 30, 2024 | ​ | December 31, 2023
​ | ​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
QCR Holdings Statutory Trust V |  | 7/7/2018 | ​ | 7/7/2028 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets |  | $ | 10,000 | ​ | 5.37 | % | ​ |  | 4.54 | % | ​ | $ | 190 | ​ | $ | 335
Community National Statutory Trust III |  | 9/15/2018 | ​ | 9/15/2028 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets |  | ​ | 3,500 | ​ | 6.96 | % | ​ |  | 4.75 | % | ​ | ​ | 87 | ​ | ​ | 118
Guaranty Bankshares Statutory Trust I |  | 9/15/2018 | ​ | 9/15/2028 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 4,500 | ​ | 6.96 | % | ​ | ​ | 4.75 | % | ​ | ​ | 68 | ​ | ​ | 152
Community National Statutory Trust II |  | 9/20/2018 | ​ | 9/20/2028 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets |  | ​ | 3,000 | ​ | 7.25 | % | ​ |  | 5.17 | % | ​ | ​ | 58 | ​ | ​ | 101
QCR Holdings Statutory Trust II |  | 9/30/2018 | ​ | 9/30/2028 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets |  | ​ | 10,000 | ​ | 7.72 | % | ​ |  | 5.85 | % | ​ | ​ | 194 | ​ | ​ | 341
QCR Holdings Statutory Trust III |  | 9/30/2018 | ​ | 9/30/2028 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets |  | ​ | 8,000 | ​ | 7.72 | % | ​ |  | 5.85 | % | ​ | ​ | 155 | ​ | ​ | 272
Guaranty Statutory Trust II* |  | 5/23/2019 | ​ | 2/23/2026 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets |  | ​ | 10,310 | ​ | 6.81 | % | ​ |  | 4.09 | % | ​ | ​ | 206 | ​ | ​ | 370
QCR Holdings Subordinated Note |  | 3/1/2024 | ​ | 2/15/2028 | ​ | Derivatives - Liabilities |  | ​ | 65,000 | ​ | 5.34 | % | ​ |  | 4.02 | % | ​ | ​ | (1,582) | ​ | ​ | -
​ |  |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | $ | 114,310 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (624) | ​ | $ | 1,689
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
* Acquired on April 1, 2022 with GFED acquisition. | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

The Company has entered into interest rate swaps to hedge against the risk of declining interest rates on floating rate loans. The interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges in accordance with ASC 815. The details of the interest rate swaps are as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Balance Sheet | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Fair Value as of
Hedged Item |  | Effective Date |  | Maturity Date |  | Location |  | Notional Amount |  |  | Receive Rate | ​ |  |  | Pay Rate | ​ |  | September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Loans |  | 7/1/2021 | ​ | 7/1/2031 | ​ | Derivatives - Liabilities |  | $ | 35,000 | ​ | ​ | 1.40 | % | ​ |  | 5.33 | % | ​ | $ | (4,167) | ​ | $ | (5,004)
Loans |  | 7/1/2021 | ​ | 7/1/2031 | ​ | Derivatives - Liabilities |  | ​ | 50,000 | ​ | ​ | 1.40 | % | ​ |  | 5.33 | % | ​ | ​ | (5,952) | ​ | ​ | (7,149)
Loans |  | 7/1/2021 | ​ | 7/1/2031 | ​ | Derivatives - Liabilities |  | ​ | 40,000 | ​ | ​ | 1.40 | % | ​ |  | 5.33 | % | ​ | ​ | (4,772) | ​ | ​ | (5,730)
Loans |  | 10/1/2022 | ​ | 7/1/2031 | ​ | Derivatives - Liabilities |  | ​ | 25,000 | ​ | ​ | 1.30 | % | ​ |  | 5.33 | % | ​ | ​ | (3,005) | ​ | ​ | (3,696)
Loans |  | 4/1/2022 | ​ | 4/1/2027 | ​ | Derivatives - Liabilities |  | ​ | 15,000 | ​ | ​ | 1.91 | % | ​ |  | 5.33 | % | ​ | ​ | (558) | ​ | ​ | (868)
Loans |  | 4/1/2022 | ​ | 4/1/2027 | ​ | Derivatives - Liabilities |  | ​ | 50,000 | ​ | ​ | 1.91 | % | ​ |  | 5.33 | % | ​ | ​ | (1,861) | ​ | ​ | (2,892)
Loans |  | 4/1/2022 | ​ | 4/1/2027 | ​ | Derivatives - Liabilities |  | ​ | 35,000 | ​ | ​ | 1.91 | % | ​ |  | 5.33 | % | ​ | ​ | (1,303) | ​ | ​ | (2,024)
Loans | ​ | 4/1/2022 | ​ | 4/1/2027 | ​ | Derivatives - Liabilities | ​ | ​ | 50,000 | ​ | ​ | 1.91 | % | ​ | ​ | 5.33 | % | ​ | ​ | (1,860) | ​ | ​ | (3,044)
​ |  |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | $ | 300,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (23,478) | ​ | $ | (30,407)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

The Company uses interest rate collars in an effort to manage future interest rate exposure on variable rate loans. The collar hedging strategy stabilizes interest rate fluctuations by setting both a floor and a cap. The collar is designated as a cash flow hedge in accordance with ASC 815. The details of the interest rate collar is as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Fair Value as of
Hedged Item | ​ | Effective Date | ​ | Maturity Date | ​ | Location | ​ | Notional Amount | ​ | Cap Strike Rate | ​ | ​ | Floor Strike Rate | ​ | September 30, 2024 | ​ | December 31, 2023
Loans |  | 10/1/2022 | ​ | 10/1/2026 | ​ | Derivatives - Liabilities |  | $ | 50,000 | ​ | 4.40 | % |  | 2.44 | % | ​ | $ | 62 | ​ | $ | (166)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

The Company has entered into interest rate swaps to hedge against the risk of rising rates on loans. The interest rate swaps are designated as fair value hedges in accordance with ASC 815. The details of the interest rate swaps are as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Balance Sheet | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Fair Value as of
Hedged Item | ​ | Effective Date | ​ | Maturity Date | ​ | Location | ​ | Notional Amount | ​ | Receive Rate | ​ | ​ | ​ | Pay Rate | ​ | ​ | September 30, 2024 | ​ | December 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Loans | ​ | 7/12/2023 | ​ | 8/1/2025 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | $ | 15,000 | ​ | 5.15 | % | ​ | ​ | 4.60 | % | ​ | $ | (83) | ​ | $ | (69)
Loans |  | 7/12/2023 | ​ | 2/1/2026 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets |  | ​ | 25,000 | ​ | 5.15 | % | ​ |  | 4.38 | % | ​ | ​ | (252) | ​ | ​ | (195)
Loans |  | 7/12/2023 | ​ | 2/1/2026 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets |  | ​ | 15,000 | ​ | 5.15 | % | ​ |  | 4.38 | % | ​ | ​ | (151) | ​ | ​ | (117)
Loans | ​ | 7/12/2023 | ​ | 2/1/2026 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 20,000 | ​ | 5.15 | % | ​ | ​ | 4.38 | % | ​ | ​ | (202) | ​ | ​ | (140)
Loans |  | 7/12/2023 | ​ | 8/1/2026 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets |  | ​ | 30,000 | ​ | 5.15 | % | ​ |  | 4.21 | % | ​ | ​ | (413) | ​ | ​ | (293)
Loans |  | 7/12/2023 | ​ | 8/1/2026 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets |  | ​ | 15,000 | ​ | 5.15 | % | ​ |  | 4.21 | % | ​ | ​ | (207) | ​ | ​ | (146)
Loans | ​ | 7/12/2023 | ​ | 8/1/2026 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 20,000 | ​ | 5.15 | % | ​ | ​ | 4.21 | % | ​ | ​ | (276) | ​ | ​ | (176)
Loans |  | 7/12/2023 | ​ | 2/1/2027 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets |  | ​ | 32,500 | ​ | 5.15 | % | ​ |  | 4.08 | % | ​ | ​ | (539) | ​ | ​ | (364)
Loans | ​ | 7/12/2023 | ​ | 2/1/2027 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 15,000 | ​ | 5.15 | % | ​ | ​ | 4.08 | % | ​ | ​ | (249) | ​ | ​ | (168)
Loans | ​ | 7/12/2023 | ​ | 2/1/2027 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 20,000 | ​ | 5.15 | % | ​ | ​ | 4.08 | % | ​ | ​ | (332) | ​ | ​ | (202)
Loans |  | 7/12/2023 | ​ | 8/1/2027 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets |  | ​ | 32,500 | ​ | 5.15 | % | ​ |  | 3.98 | % | ​ | ​ | (606) | ​ | ​ | (397)
Loans | ​ | 7/12/2023 | ​ | 8/1/2027 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 15,000 | ​ | 5.15 | % | ​ | ​ | 3.98 | % | ​ | ​ | (280) | ​ | ​ | (183)
Loans | ​ | 7/12/2023 | ​ | 8/1/2027 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 25,000 | ​ | 5.15 | % | ​ | ​ | 3.98 | % | ​ | ​ | (466) | ​ | ​ | (276)
Loans |  | 7/12/2023 | ​ | 2/1/2028 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets |  | ​ | 30,000 | ​ | 5.15 | % | ​ |  | 3.90 | % | ​ | ​ | (609) | ​ | ​ | (388)
Loans | ​ | 7/12/2023 | ​ | 2/1/2028 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 15,000 | ​ | 5.15 | % | ​ | ​ | 3.90 | % | ​ | ​ | (304) | ​ | ​ | (194)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 325,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (4,969) | ​ | $ | (3,308)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

27

Table of Contents

Changes in fair values of derivative financial instruments accounted for as cash flow hedges, to the extent that they are included in the assessment of effectiveness, are recorded as a component of AOCI. Changes in fair values of derivative financial instruments accounted for as fair value hedges, to the extent that they are included in the assessment of effectiveness, are recorded as a component of other assets or other liabilities.

For derivative instruments that are designated as unhedged, the change in fair value of the derivative instrument is recognized into current earnings. The details of the unhedged interest rate caps are as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Balance Sheet | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Fair Value as of | ​ | ​
Effective Date | ​ | Maturity Date | ​ | Location | ​ | Notional Amount | ​ | Strike Rate | ​ | ​ | September 30, 2024 | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2023 | ​ | ​
(dollars in thousands) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
2/1/2020 | ​ | 2/1/2024 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | $ | 25,000 | ​ | 1.90 | % | ​ | $ | - | ​ | ​ | $ | 79 | ​ | ​
3/1/2020 | ​ | 3/3/2025 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 25,000 | ​ | 1.90 | % | ​ | ​ | 314 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 872 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 50,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 314 | ​ | ​ | $ | 951 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​

During the third quarter of 2024, the Company executed a derivative strategy more commonly known as a swaption. The swaptions are designed to hedge the Company’s regulatory capital ratios against the adverse effects of a significant decline in long-term interest rates. The swaptions are designated as unhedged in accordance with ASC 815, therefore the change in fair value of the derivative instrument is recognized into current earnings. The details of the swaptions are as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Fair Value as of
Effective Date | ​ | Maturity Date | ​ | Location | ​ | Notional Amount | ​ | Strike Rate | ​ | September 30, 2024 | ​ | December 31, 2023
(dollars in thousands)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
7/30/2024 | ​ | 7/30/2025 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets |  | $ | 77,600 | ​ | 2.13 | % | ​ | $ | 317 | ​ | ​ | N/A
7/30/2024 | ​ | 7/30/2025 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 33,100 | ​ | 2.63 | % | ​ | ​ | 390 | ​ | ​ | N/A
7/30/2024 | ​ | 7/30/2025 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 28,254 | ​ | 2.64 | % | ​ | ​ | 342 | ​ | ​ | N/A
7/30/2024 | ​ | 7/30/2025 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 66,247 | ​ | 2.14 | % | ​ | ​ | 278 | ​ | ​ | N/A
7/30/2024 | ​ | 1/29/2026 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 20,750 | ​ | 2.62 | % | ​ | ​ | 384 | ​ | ​ | N/A
7/30/2024 | ​ | 1/29/2026 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 41,700 | ​ | 2.12 | % | ​ | ​ | 335 | ​ | ​ | N/A
7/30/2024 | ​ | 1/30/2026 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 36,546 | ​ | 2.14 | % | ​ | ​ | 301 | ​ | ​ | N/A
7/30/2024 | ​ | 1/30/2026 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 18,453 | ​ | 2.64 | % | ​ | ​ | 350 | ​ | ​ | N/A
7/30/2024 | ​ | 7/30/2026 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 16,100 | ​ | 2.63 | % | ​ | ​ | 385 | ​ | ​ | N/A
7/30/2024 | ​ | 7/30/2026 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 29,800 | ​ | 2.13 | % | ​ | ​ | 348 | ​ | ​ | N/A
7/30/2024 | ​ | 7/30/2026 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 25,971 | ​ | 2.14 | % | ​ | ​ | 309 | ​ | ​ | N/A
7/30/2024 | ​ | 7/30/2026 | ​ | Derivatives - Assets | ​ | ​ | 14,280 | ​ | 2.64 | % | ​ | ​ | 347 | ​ | ​ | N/A
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | $ | 408,801 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 4,086 | ​ | ​ | N/A
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

The Company has also entered into interest rate swap contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments. These derivative contracts relate to transactions in which the Company enters into an interest rate swap with a customer while at the same time entering into an equal and offsetting interest rate swap with an upstream counterparty. Additionally, the Company receives an upfront, non-refundable fee from the upstream counterparty, dependent upon the pricing that is recognized upon receipt from the counterparty. Because the Company acts as an intermediary for the customer, changes in the fair value of the underlying derivative contracts, for the most part, offset each other and do not significantly impact the Company’s results of operations.

Interest rate swaps that are not designated as hedging instruments are summarized as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | September 30, 2024 | ​ | December 31, 2023
​ | ​ | ​ | Notional Amount | ​ | Estimated Fair Value | ​ | Notional Amount | ​ | Estimated Fair Value
​ | ​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
Non-Hedging Interest Rate Derivatives Assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest rate swap contracts | ​ | ​ | $ | 3,898,579 | ​ | $ | 255,740 | ​ | $ | 3,308,024 | ​ | $ | 181,854
Non-Hedging Interest Rate Derivatives Liabilities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest rate swap contracts | ​ | ​ | $ | 3,898,579 | ​ | $ | 255,740 | ​ | $ | 3,308,024 | ​ | $ | 181,854

​

​

28

Table of Contents

The effect of cash flow hedging and fair value accounting on the consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 | ​ | Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
​ | ​ | Interest and | ​ | Interest | ​ | ​ | Interest and | ​ | Interest | ​
​ | ​ | Dividend Income | ​ | Expense | ​ | ​ | Dividend Income | ​ | Expense | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
Income and expense line items presented in the consolidated statements of income | ​ | $ | 125,420 | ​ | $ | 65,698 | ​ | ​ | $ | 108,568 | ​ | $ | 53,313 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
The effects of cash flow hedging: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Gain on interest rate caps on deposits | ​ | ​ | - | ​ | ​ | (1,029) | ​ | ​ | ​ | - | ​ | ​ | (2,066) | ​
Gain on interest rate swaps on junior subordinated debentures | ​ | ​ | - | ​ | ​ | (339) | ​ | ​ | ​ | - | ​ | ​ | (328) | ​
Loss on interest rate swaps and collars on loans | ​ | ​ | (3,000) | ​ | ​ | - | ​ | ​ | ​ | (2,495) | ​ | ​ | - | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
The effects of fair value hedging: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Gain on interest rate swaps on loans | ​ | ​ | 968 | ​ | ​ | - | ​ | ​ | ​ | 828 | ​ | ​ | - | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 | ​ | ​ | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 | ​
​ | ​ | Interest and | ​ | Interest | ​ | ​ | Interest and | ​ | Interest | ​
​ | ​ | Dividend Income | ​ | Expense | ​ | ​ | Dividend Income | ​ | Expense | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Income and expense line items presented in the consolidated statements of income | ​ | $ | 360,215 | ​ | $ | 189,631 | ​ | ​ | $ | 301,162 | ​ | $ | 135,892 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
The effects of cash flow hedging: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Gain on interest rate caps on deposits | ​ | ​ | - | ​ | ​ | (3,184) | ​ | ​ | ​ | - | ​ | ​ | (5,522) | ​
Gain on interest rate swaps on junior subordinated debentures | ​ | ​ | - | ​ | ​ | (1,012) | ​ | ​ | ​ | - | ​ | ​ | (830) | ​
Loss on interest rate swaps and collars on loans | ​ | ​ | (8,961) | ​ | ​ | - | ​ | ​ | ​ | (6,757) | ​ | ​ | - | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
The effects of fair value hedging: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Gain on interest rate swaps on loans | ​ | ​ | 2,930 | ​ | ​ | - | ​ | ​ | ​ | 828 | ​ | ​ | - | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

The Company’s hedged interest rate swaps and non-hedged interest rate swaps are collateralized with cash and investment securities with carrying values as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | September 30, 2024 | ​ | December 31, 2023
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash | ​ | $ | 94,100 | ​ | $ | 51,680
U.S. govt. sponsored agency securities | ​ | ​ | 6,571 | ​ | ​ | 6,413
Municipal securities | ​ | ​ | 156,358 | ​ | ​ | 68,651
Residential mortgage-backed and related securities | ​ |  | 19,855 | ​ |  | 23,358
​ | ​ | $ | 276,884 | ​ | $ | 150,102
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

The Company may be exposed to credit risk in the event of non-performance by the counterparties to its interest rate derivative agreements. The Company assesses the credit risk of its financial institution counterparties by monitoring publicly available credit ratings and financial information. Additionally, the Company manages financial institution counterparty credit risk by entering into interest rate derivatives only with primary and highly rated counterparties, and uses ISDA master agreements, central clearing mechanisms and counterparty limits. The agreements contain bilateral collateral agreements with the amount of collateral to be posted generally governed by the settlement value of outstanding swaps. The Company manages the risk of default by its borrower/customer counterparties through its normal loan underwriting and credit monitoring policies and procedures. The Company underwrites the combination of the base loan amount and potential swap exposure and focuses on high quality borrowers with strong collateral values. The majority of the Company’s swapped loan portfolio consists of loans on projects, with loan-to-values, including the potential swap exposure, below 65%. The Company does not currently anticipate any losses from failure of interest rate derivative counterparties to honor their obligations.

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

29

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NOTE 6 – IN COME TAXES

​

A reconciliation of the expected federal income tax expense to the income tax expense included in the consolidated statements of income is as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the Three Months Ended September 30, | ​ | ​ | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Pretax | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Pretax | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Pretax | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Pretax | ​ | ​
​ |  | Amount |  | Income |  | Amount |  | Income |  | ​ | Amount |  | Income |  | Amount |  | Income | ​ |
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Computed "expected" tax expense | ​ | $ | 6,264 |  | 21.0 | % | $ | 5,661 |  | 21.0 | % | ​ | $ | 18,773 |  | 21.0 | % | $ | 18,751 |  | 21.0 | % | ​
Tax exempt income, net | ​ |  | (4,204) |  | (14.1) | ​ |  | (3,705) |  | (13.7) | ​ | ​ |  | (11,965) |  | (13.4) | ​ |  | (10,103) |  | (11.3) | ​ | ​
Bank-owned life insurance | ​ |  | (171) |  | (0.6) | ​ |  | (376) |  | (1.4) | ​ | ​ |  | (975) |  | (1.1) | ​ |  | (700) |  | (0.8) | ​ | ​
State income taxes, net of federal benefit, current year | ​ |  | 1,084 |  | 3.6 | ​ |  | 955 |  | 3.5 | ​ | ​ |  | 3,186 |  | 3.6 | ​ |  | 3,383 |  | 3.8 | ​ | ​
Tax credits | ​ |  | (26) |  | (0.1) | ​ |  | (202) |  | (0.7) | ​ | ​ |  | (77) |  | (0.1) | ​ |  | (411) |  | (0.5) | ​ | ​
Income from tax credit equity investments | ​ | ​ | (546) | ​ | (1.8) | ​ | ​ | (449) | ​ | (1.7) | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,639) | ​ | (1.8) | ​ | ​ | (1,340) | ​ | (1.5) | ​ | ​
Excess tax benefit on stock options exercised and restricted stock awards vested | ​ |  | (310) |  | (1.0) | ​ |  | (7) |  | — | ​ | ​ |  | (834) |  | (0.9) | ​ |  | (451) |  | (0.5) | ​ | ​
Other | ​ |  | (46) |  | (0.1) | ​ |  | (37) |  | (0.2) | ​ | ​ |  | (698) |  | (0.8) | ​ |  | (540) |  | (0.6) | ​ | ​
Federal and state income tax expense | ​ | $ | 2,045 |  | 6.9 | % | $ | 1,840 |  | 6.8 | % | ​ | $ | 5,771 |  | 6.5 | % | $ | 8,589 |  | 9.6 | % | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​

​

Effective January 1, 2024, the Company made an election under ASU 2023-02 to account for its LIHTC investments using the proportional amortization method under newly adopted accounting guidance. Under the proportional amortization method, the Company applies a practical expedient for its LIHTC investments and amortizes the initial cost of the qualifying investments in proportion to the income tax credits received in the current period as compared to the total income tax credits expected to be received over the life of the investment. For LIHTC investments, the Company amortized the initial cost of qualifying investments in proportion to the income tax credits and other income tax benefits received in the current period.

​

The following table summarizes the impact to the Consolidated Statements of Operations relative to the Company’s tax credit programs for which it has elected to apply the proportional amortization method of accounting:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the Three Months Ended | ​ | For the Nine Months Ended | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, 2024 | ​ | June 30, 2024 | ​ | September 30, 2023 | ​ | September 30, 2024 | ​ | September 30, 2023 | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Tax credits recognized | ​ | $ | 2,159 | ​ | $ | 2,115 | ​ | $ | 1,462 | ​ | $ | 6,478 | ​ | $ | 4,366 | ​
Other tax benefits recognized | ​ |  | 671 | ​ |  | 613 | ​ |  | 515 | ​ |  | 2,013 | ​ |  | 1,537 | ​
Amortization | ​ |  | (2,076) | ​ |  | (2,092) | ​ |  | (1,203) | ​ |  | (6,229) | ​ |  | (3,783) | ​
Net benefit included in income tax | ​ |  | 754 | ​ |  | 636 | ​ |  | 774 | ​ |  | 2,262 | ​ |  | 2,120 | ​
​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Other income | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​
Allocated income on investments | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Net benefit included in noninterest income | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​
​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Net benefit included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations | ​ | $ | 754 | ​ | $ | 636 | ​ | $ | 774 | ​ | $ | 2,262 | ​ | $ | 2,120 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

The Company did not recognize impairment losses resulting from the forfeiture or ineligibility of income tax credits or other circumstances during the three and nine months ending September 30, 2024 and 2023.

​

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NOTE 7 - EARNINGS PER SHARE

​

The following information was used in the computation of EPS on a basic and diluted basis:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | Three months ended | ​ | Nine months ended | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30, | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | 2024 |  | ​ | 2023 |  | ​ | 2024 |  | ​ | 2023 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands, except share data) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income | ​ | $ | 27,785 | ​ | $ | 25,121 | ​ | $ | 83,625 | ​ | $ | 80,703 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic EPS | ​ | $ | 1.65 | ​ | $ | 1.50 | ​ | $ | 4.97 | ​ | $ | 4.82 | ​ | ​
Diluted EPS | ​ | $ | 1.64 | ​ | $ | 1.49 | ​ | $ | 4.94 | ​ | $ | 4.79 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted average common shares outstanding | ​ |  | 16,846,200 | ​ |  | 16,717,303 | ​ |  | 16,814,787 | ​ |  | 16,731,847 | ​ | ​
Weighted average common shares issuable upon exercise of stock options | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
and under the employee stock purchase plan | ​ |  | 136,200 | ​ |  | 130,648 | ​ |  | 123,522 | ​ |  | 131,356 | ​ | ​
Weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding | ​ |  | 16,982,400 | ​ |  | 16,847,951 | ​ |  | 16,938,309 | ​ |  | 16,863,203 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

NOTE 8 – FAIR VALUE

​

Accounting guidance on fair value measurement uses a hierarchy intended to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. This hierarchy includes three levels and is based upon the valuation techniques used to measure assets and liabilities. The three levels are as follows:

| ● | Level 1 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in markets;

| ● | Level 2 – Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument; and

| ● | Level 3 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis comprise the following at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Quoted Prices | ​ | Significant | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | in Active | ​ | Other | ​ | Significant
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Markets for | ​ | Observable | ​ | Unobservable
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Identical Assets | ​ | Inputs | ​ | Inputs
​ |  | Fair Value |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2024: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Securities AFS: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
U.S. treasuries and govt. sponsored agency securities | ​ | $ | 18,621 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 18,621 | ​ | $ | —
Residential mortgage-backed and related securities | ​ |  | 53,487 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 53,487 | ​ |  | —
Municipal securities | ​ |  | 171,162 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 171,162 | ​ |  | —
Asset-backed securities | ​ | ​ | 10,455 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 10,455 | ​ | ​ | —
Other securities | ​ |  | 38,140 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 38,140 | ​ |  | —
Securities trading | ​ | ​ | 58,685 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 58,685
Derivatives | ​ |  | 261,913 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 261,913 | ​ |  | —
Total assets measured at fair value | ​ | $ | 612,463 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 553,778 | ​ | $ | 58,685
​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Derivatives | ​ | $ | 285,769 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 285,769 | ​ | $ | —
Total liabilities measured at fair value | ​ | $ | 285,769 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 285,769 | ​ | $ | —
​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
December 31, 2023: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Securities AFS: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
U.S. govt. sponsored agency securities | ​ | $ | 14,973 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 14,973 | ​ | $ | —
Residential mortgage-backed and related securities | ​ |  | 59,196 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 59,196 | ​ |  | —
Municipal securities | ​ |  | 170,987 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 170,987 | ​ |  | —
Asset-backed securities | ​ | ​ | 15,423 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 15,423 | ​ | ​ | —
Other securities | ​ |  | 39,076 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 39,076 | ​ |  | —
Securities trading | ​ | ​ | 22,369 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 22,369
Derivatives | ​ |  | 187,341 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 187,341 | ​ |  | —
Total assets measured at fair value | ​ | $ | 509,365 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 486,996 | ​ | $ | 22,369
​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Derivatives | ​ | $ | 215,735 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 215,735 | ​ | $ | —
Total liabilities measured at fair value | ​ | $ | 215,735 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 215,735 | ​ | $ | —
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

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The securities AFS portfolio consists of securities whereby the Company obtains fair values from an independent pricing service. The fair values are determined by pricing models that consider observable market data, such as interest rate volatilities, SOFR yield curve, credit spreads and prices from market makers and live trading systems (Level 2 inputs).

Trading securities consist of retained beneficial interests from securitizations and are classified as a Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Fair values are estimated using the discounted cash flow method, including discount rates which are deemed to be significant unobservable inputs. As of September 30, 2024, the discount rates ranged from 5.86% to 7.12%.

There were no trading securities as of September 30, 2024. Changes in fair value of trading securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, are presented as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | For the | ​ | ​ | ​ | For the | ​
​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | ​ | ​ | Nine Months Ended | ​
​ | September 30, 2024 | ​ | ​ | ​ | September 30, 2024 | ​
​ | (dollars in thousands)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance at the beginning of the period | $ | 22,362 | ​ | ​ | $ | 22,369 | ​
Trading securities purchased | ​ | 36,670 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 36,670 | ​
Fair value gain (loss) | ​ | (347) | ​ | ​ | ​ | (354) | ​
Balance at the end of the period | $ | 58,685 | ​ | ​ | $ | 58,685 | ​

​

Interest rate caps, swaps, swaptions and collars are used for the purpose of hedging interest rate risk on various financial assets and liabilities, further described in Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Interest rate swaps are also executed for select commercial customers. The fair values are determined by pricing models that consider observable market data for derivative instruments with similar structures (Level 2 inputs).

Certain financial assets are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis; that is, the assets are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when a loan/lease is collaterally dependent).

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis comprised the following at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Quoted Prices | ​ | Significant | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | in Active | ​ | Other | ​ | Significant
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Markets for | ​ | Observable | ​ | Unobservable
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Identical Assets | ​ | Inputs | ​ | Inputs
​ |  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
September 30, 2024: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Loans/leases evaluated individually | ​ | $ | 36,118 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 36,118
Loans receivable held for sale in preparation for securitization | ​ | ​ | 165,941 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 165,941
OREO | ​ | ​ | 399 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 399
Other repossessed assets | ​ |  | 610 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 610
​ | ​ | $ | 203,068 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 203,068
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
December 31, 2023: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Loans/leases evaluated individually | ​ | $ | 33,656 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 33,656
OREO | ​ |  | 1,455 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,455
​ | ​ | $ | 35,111 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 35,111
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

Loans/leases evaluated individually are valued at the lower of cost or fair value and are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Fair value is measured based on the value of the collateral securing these loans/leases. Collateral may be comprised of real estate and/or business assets, including equipment, inventory and/or accounts receivable, and is determined based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers hired by the Company. Appraised and reported values are discounted based on management's historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of valuation, and/or management's expertise and knowledge of the client and client's business.

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Loans receivable held for sale in preparation for securitization are valued at the lower of cost or fair value in the aggregate by type and are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Fair value is estimated considering the loans have a floating interest rate with a spread that is commensurate with current market pricing, in addition to factoring in a discount for credit risk.

OREO in the table above consists of property acquired through foreclosures and settlement of loans. Property acquired is carried at the estimated fair value of the property, less disposal costs, and is classified as a Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The estimated fair value of the property acquired is generally determined based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers hired by the Company. Appraised and reported values are discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of valuation, and/or management’s expertise and knowledge of the property.

Other repossessed assets in the table above consists of equipment acquired through repossession and settlement of loans. Property acquired is carried at the estimated fair value of the property, less disposal costs, and is classified as a Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The estimated fair value of the property acquired is generally determined based on current average auction prices database used by a national auction company hired by the Company.

The following table presents additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Quantitative Information about Level Fair Value Measurements |
​ | ​ | Fair Value | ​ | Fair Value | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | December 31, | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Loans/leases evaluated individually | ​ | $ | 36,118 | ​ | $ | 33,656 | ​ | Appraisal of collateral | ​ | Appraisal adjustments | ​ | -10.00 | % | to | ​ | -30.00 | %
Loans receivable held for sale in preparation for securitization | ​ | ​ | 165,941 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | Market prices for similar loans | ​ | Market price adjustments | ​ | ​ | ​ | n/a | ​ | ​ | ​
OREO | ​ | ​ | 399 | ​ | ​ | 1,455 | ​ | Appraisal of collateral | ​ | Appraisal adjustments | ​ | 0.00 | % | to |  | -35.00 | %
Other repossessed assets | ​ |  | 610 | ​ |  | — |  | Average auction prices |  | Market price adjustments |  | ​ | ​ | n/a | ​ | ​ | ​

​

For the loans/leases evaluated individually and OREO, the Company records carrying value at fair value less disposal or selling costs. The amounts reported in the tables above are fair values before the adjustment for disposal or selling costs.

For loans receivable held for sale in preparation for securitization, the Company records carrying value at fair value factoring in a discount for credit risk.

There have been no changes in valuation techniques used for any assets or liabilities measured at fair value during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities carried on the Company's consolidated balance sheets, including those financial assets and liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Fair Value | ​ | As of September 30, 2024 | ​ | As of December 31, 2023
​ | ​ | Hierarchy | ​ | Carrying | ​ | Estimated | ​ | Carrying | ​ | Estimated
​ |  | Level |  | Value |  | Fair Value |  | Value |  | Fair Value
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and due from banks |  | Level 1 | ​ | $ | 103,840 | ​ | $ | 103,840 | ​ | $ | 97,123 | ​ | $ | 97,123
Federal funds sold |  | Level 2 | ​ |  | 13,200 | ​ |  | 13,200 | ​ |  | 35,450 | ​ |  | 35,450
Interest-bearing deposits at financial institutions |  | Level 2 | ​ |  | 145,959 | ​ |  | 145,959 | ​ |  | 104,919 | ​ |  | 104,919
Investment securities: |  |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
HTM |  | Level 2 | ​ |  | 795,496 | ​ |  | 791,659 | ​ |  | 683,504 | ​ |  | 680,279
AFS |  | Level 2 | ​ |  | 291,865 | ​ |  | 291,865 | ​ |  | 299,655 | ​ |  | 299,655
Trading | ​ | Level 3 | ​ | ​ | 58,685 | ​ | ​ | 58,685 | ​ | ​ | 22,369 | ​ | ​ | 22,369
Loans/leases receivable, net |  | Level 3 | ​ |  | 33,443 | ​ |  | 36,118 | ​ |  | 31,163 | ​ |  | 33,656
Loans/leases receivable, net |  | Level 2 | ​ |  | 6,709,038 | ​ |  | 6,483,278 | ​ |  | 6,425,053 | ​ |  | 6,125,433
Derivatives |  | Level 2 | ​ |  | 261,913 | ​ |  | 261,913 | ​ |  | 187,341 | ​ |  | 187,341
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Deposits: |  |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Nonmaturity deposits |  | Level 2 | ​ |  | 5,749,506 | ​ |  | 5,749,506 | ​ |  | 5,504,323 | ​ |  | 5,504,323
Time deposits |  | Level 2 | ​ |  | 1,235,127 | ​ |  | 1,235,442 | ​ |  | 1,009,682 | ​ |  | 996,746
Short-term borrowings |  | Level 2 | ​ |  | 2,750 | ​ |  | 2,750 | ​ |  | 1,500 | ​ |  | 1,500
FHLB advances |  | Level 2 | ​ |  | 375,383 | ​ |  | 377,501 | ​ |  | 435,000 | ​ |  | 437,178
Subordinated notes | ​ | Level 2 | ​ | ​ | 233,383 | ​ | ​ | 238,978 | ​ | ​ | 233,064 | ​ | ​ | 240,235
Junior subordinated debentures |  | Level 2 | ​ |  | 48,828 | ​ |  | 41,114 | ​ |  | 48,731 | ​ |  | 40,397
Derivatives |  | Level 2 | ​ |  | 285,769 | ​ |  | 285,769 | ​ |  | 215,735 | ​ |  | 215,735

​

​

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​

​

NOTE 9 – BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION

Selected financial and descriptive information is required to be disclosed for reportable operating segments, applying a “management perspective” as the basis for identifying reportable segments. The management perspective is determined by the view that management takes of the segments within the Company when making operating decisions, allocating resources, and measuring performance. The segments of the Company have been defined by the structure of the Company's internal organization, focusing on the financial information that the Company's operating decision-makers routinely use to make decisions about operating matters.

The Company’s Commercial Banking business is geographically divided by markets into the operating segments which are the four subsidiary banks wholly owned by the Company: QCBT, CRBT, CSB, and GB. Each of these operating segments offers similar products and services, but is managed separately due to different pricing, product demand, and consumer markets. Each offers commercial, consumer, and mortgage loans and deposit services.

The Company's All Other segment includes the corporate operations of the parent and operations of all other consolidated subsidiaries and/or defined operating segments that fall below the segment reporting thresholds.

Selected financial information on the Company's business segments is presented as follows as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Commercial Banking | ​ | ​ | ​ | Intercompany | ​ | Consolidated
​ |  | QCBT |  | CRBT |  | CSB |  | GB |  | All other |  | Eliminations |  | Total
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total revenue | ​ | $ | 43,685 | ​ | $ | 48,327 | ​ | $ | 22,470 | ​ | $ | 38,120 | ​ | $ | 35,493 | ​ | $ | (35,518) | ​ | $ | 152,577
Net interest income | ​ |  | 18,775 | ​ |  | 18,456 | ​ |  | 11,745 | ​ |  | 14,589 | ​ |  | (4,232) | ​ |  | 389 | ​ |  | 59,722
Provision for credit losses | ​ |  | 2,537 | ​ |  | 1,696 | ​ |  | (186) | ​ |  | (563) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 3,484
Net income (loss) from continuing operations | ​ |  | 4,911 | ​ |  | 15,946 | ​ |  | 5,527 | ​ |  | 7,531 | ​ |  | 28,339 | ​ |  | (34,469) | ​ |  | 27,785
Goodwill | ​ |  | 2,791 | ​ |  | 14,980 | ​ |  | 9,888 | ​ |  | 110,936 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 138,595
Intangibles | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 692 | ​ |  | 1,006 | ​ |  | 10,053 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 11,751
Total assets | ​ |  | 2,552,962 | ​ |  | 2,625,943 | ​ |  | 1,519,585 | ​ |  | 2,360,301 | ​ |  | 1,304,717 | ​ |  | (1,274,943) | ​ |  | 9,088,565
​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​
Total revenue | ​ | $ | 38,165 | ​ | $ | 43,592 | ​ | $ | 19,225 | ​ | $ | 34,498 | ​ | $ | 31,878 | ​ | $ | (32,197) | ​ | $ | 135,161
Net interest income | ​ |  | 17,198 | ​ |  | 16,852 | ​ |  | 11,136 | ​ |  | 13,743 | ​ |  | (3,958) | ​ |  | 284 | ​ |  | 55,255
Provision for credit losses | ​ |  | 2,686 | ​ |  | 503 | ​ |  | 275 | ​ |  | 342 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 3,806
Net income (loss) from continuing operations | ​ |  | 5,856 | ​ |  | 13,175 | ​ |  | 4,740 | ​ |  | 6,801 | ​ |  | 25,641 | ​ |  | (31,092) | ​ |  | 25,121
Goodwill | ​ |  | 3,223 | ​ |  | 14,980 | ​ |  | 9,888 | ​ |  | 110,936 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 139,027
Intangibles | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 950 | ​ |  | 1,579 | ​ |  | 12,008 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 14,537
Total assets | ​ |  | 2,433,084 | ​ |  | 2,442,263 | ​ |  | 1,417,249 | ​ |  | 2,242,638 | ​ |  | 1,146,137 | ​ |  | (1,141,314) | ​ |  | 8,540,057
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​
Total revenue | ​ | $ | 125,933 | ​ | $ | 146,469 | ​ | $ | 64,459 | ​ | $ | 109,669 | ​ | $ | 106,457 | ​ | $ | (107,868) | ​ | $ | 445,119
Net interest income | ​ |  | 53,463 | ​ |  | 52,464 | ​ |  | 34,104 | ​ | ​ | 41,965 | ​ |  | (12,515) | ​ |  | 1,103 | ​ |  | 170,584
Provision for credit losses | ​ |  | 8,990 | ​ |  | 3,490 | ​ |  | 47 | ​ | ​ | (578) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 11,949
Net income (loss) from continuing operations | ​ |  | 15,371 | ​ |  | 51,725 | ​ |  | 14,603 | ​ |  | 20,803 | ​ |  | 85,329 | ​ |  | (104,206) | ​ |  | 83,625
Goodwill | ​ |  | 2,791 | ​ |  | 14,980 | ​ |  | 9,888 | ​ |  | 110,936 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 138,595
Intangibles | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 692 | ​ |  | 1,006 | ​ |  | 10,053 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 11,751
Total assets | ​ |  | 2,552,962 | ​ |  | 2,625,943 | ​ |  | 1,519,585 | ​ |  | 2,360,301 | ​ |  | 1,304,717 | ​ |  | (1,274,943) | ​ |  | 9,088,565
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​
Total revenue | ​ | $ | 106,664 | ​ | $ | 138,018 | ​ | $ | 53,126 | ​ | $ | 90,443 | ​ | $ | 101,472 | ​ | $ | (103,606) | ​ | $ | 386,117
Net interest income | ​ |  | 50,590 | ​ |  | 50,254 | ​ |  | 32,683 | ​ |  | 42,716 | ​ |  | (11,911) | ​ |  | 938 | ​ |  | 165,270
Provision for credit losses | ​ |  | 7,879 | ​ |  | 2,499 | ​ |  | 965 | ​ |  | (3) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 11,340
Net income (loss) from continuing operations | ​ |  | 17,710 | ​ |  | 48,928 | ​ |  | 14,113 | ​ |  | 17,344 | ​ |  | 82,266 | ​ |  | (99,658) | ​ |  | 80,703
Goodwill | ​ |  | 3,223 | ​ |  | 14,980 | ​ |  | 9,888 | ​ |  | 110,936 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 139,027
Intangibles | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 950 | ​ |  | 1,579 | ​ |  | 12,008 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 14,537
Total assets | ​ |  | 2,433,084 | ​ |  | 2,442,263 | ​ |  | 1,417,249 | ​ |  | 2,242,638 | ​ |  | 1,146,137 | ​ |  | (1,141,314) | ​ |  | 8,540,057
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​

​

​

NOTE 10 – REGULATORY CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS

The Company (on a consolidated basis) and the subsidiary banks are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company and the subsidiary banks' financial statements.

Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the subsidiary banks must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities, and certain OBS items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the subsidiary banks to maintain

34

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minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the following table) of total common equity Tier 1, Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets and Tier 1 capital to average assets, each as defined by regulation. Management believes, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, that the Company and the subsidiary banks met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

Under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, to be categorized as “well capitalized,” an institution must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, Tier 1 leverage and common equity Tier 1 ratios as set forth in the following tables. The Company and the subsidiary banks’ actual capital amounts and ratios as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are presented in the following tables (dollars in thousands). As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, each of the subsidiary banks met such capital requirements to be “well capitalized.”

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | For Capital Adequacy | ​ | To Be Well Capitalized |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | For Capital | ​ | Purposes With Capital | ​ | Under Prompt Corrective |
​ | ​ | Actual | ​ | Adequacy Purposes | ​ | Conservation Buffer | ​ | Action Provisions |
​ |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount | ​ | Ratio |  | Amount | ​ | Ratio |  | Amount | ​ | Ratio | ​
​ | ​ | ( dollars in thousands) | ​
As of September 30, 2024: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Company: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total risk-based capital | ​ | $ | 1,243,438 | ​ | 13.87 | % | $ | 717,351 | > | 8.00 | % | $ | 941,523 | > | 10.50 | % | $ | 896,689 | > | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital | ​ |  | 926,516 |  | 10.33 | ​ |  | 538,013 | > | 6.00 | ​ |  | 762,185 | > | 8.50 | ​ |  | 717,351 | > | 8.00 | ​
Tier 1 leverage | ​ |  | 926,516 |  | 10.50 | ​ |  | 352,823 | > | 4.00 | ​ |  | 352,823 | > | 4.00 | ​ |  | 441,029 | > | 5.00 | ​
Common equity Tier 1 | ​ |  | 877,688 |  | 9.79 | ​ |  | 403,510 | > | 4.50 | ​ |  | 627,682 | > | 7.00 | ​ |  | 582,848 | > | 6.50 | ​
Quad City Bank & Trust: | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Total risk-based capital | ​ | $ | 316,500 | ​ | 13.23 | % | $ | 191,451 | > | 8.00 | % | $ | 251,280 | > | 10.50 | % | $ | 239,314 | > | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital | ​ |  | 286,547 |  | 11.97 | ​ |  | 143,588 | > | 6.00 | ​ |  | 203,417 | > | 8.50 | ​ |  | 191,451 | > | 8.00 | ​
Tier 1 leverage | ​ |  | 286,547 |  | 11.19 | ​ |  | 102,468 | > | 4.00 | ​ |  | 102,468 | > | 4.00 | ​ |  | 128,085 | > | 5.00 | ​
Common equity Tier 1 | ​ |  | 286,547 |  | 11.97 | ​ |  | 107,691 | > | 4.50 | ​ |  | 167,520 | > | 7.00 | ​ |  | 155,554 | > | 6.50 | ​
Cedar Rapids Bank & Trust: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Total risk-based capital | ​ | $ | 434,183 | ​ | 14.64 | % | $ | 237,243 | > | 8.00 | % | $ | 311,381 | > | 10.50 | % | $ | 296,554 | > | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital | ​ |  | 406,490 |  | 13.71 | ​ |  | 177,932 | > | 6.00 | ​ |  | 252,071 | > | 8.50 | ​ |  | 237,243 | > | 8.00 | ​
Tier 1 leverage | ​ |  | 406,490 |  | 16.17 | ​ |  | 100,568 | > | 4.00 | ​ |  | 100,568 | > | 4.00 | ​ |  | 125,710 | > | 5.00 | ​
Common equity Tier 1 | ​ |  | 406,490 |  | 13.71 | ​ |  | 133,449 | > | 4.50 | ​ |  | 207,588 | > | 7.00 | ​ |  | 192,760 | > | 6.50 | ​
Community State Bank: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Total risk-based capital | ​ | $ | 184,706 | ​ | 12.91 | % | $ | 114,468 | > | 8.00 | % | $ | 150,239 | > | 10.50 | % | $ | 143,085 | > | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital | ​ |  | 171,356 |  | 11.98 | ​ |  | 85,851 | > | 6.00 | ​ |  | 121,622 | > | 8.50 | ​ |  | 114,468 | > | 8.00 | ​
Tier 1 leverage | ​ |  | 171,356 |  | 11.47 | ​ |  | 59,760 | > | 4.00 | ​ |  | 59,760 | > | 4.00 | ​ |  | 74,700 | > | 5.00 | ​
Common equity Tier 1 | ​ |  | 171,356 |  | 11.98 | ​ |  | 64,388 | > | 4.50 | ​ |  | 100,159 | > | 7.00 | ​ |  | 93,005 | > | 6.50 | ​
Guaranty Bank: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Total risk-based capital | ​ | $ | 289,189 | ​ | 13.78 | % | $ | 167,886 | > | 8.00 | % | $ | 220,350 | > | 10.50 | % | $ | 209,857 | > | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital | ​ |  | 266,765 |  | 12.71 | ​ |  | 125,914 | > | 6.00 | ​ |  | 178,379 | > | 8.50 | ​ |  | 167,886 | > | 8.00 | ​
Tier 1 leverage | ​ |  | 266,765 |  | 11.89 | ​ |  | 89,727 | > | 4.00 | ​ |  | 89,727 | > | 4.00 | ​ |  | 112,159 | > | 5.00 | ​
Common equity Tier 1 | ​ |  | 266,765 |  | 12.71 | ​ |  | 94,436 | > | 4.50 | ​ |  | 146,900 | > | 7.00 | ​ |  | 136,407 | > | 6.50 | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | For Capital Adequacy | ​ | To Be Well Capitalized |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | For Capital | ​ | Purposes With Capital | ​ | Under Prompt Corrective |
​ | ​ | Actual | ​ | Adequacy Purposes | ​ | Conservation Buffer | ​ | Action Provisions |
​ |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount | ​ | Ratio |  | Amount | ​ | Ratio |  | Amount | ​ | Ratio |
​ | ​ | ( dollars in thousands) | ​
As of December 31, 2023: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Company: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total risk-based capital | ​ | $ | 1,171,047 | ​ | 14.29 | % | $ | 655,461 | > | 8.00 | % | $ | 860,293 | > | 10.50 | % | $ | 819,327 | > | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital | ​ |  | 841,052 |  | 10.27 | ​ |  | 491,596 | > | 6.00 | ​ |  | 696,428 | > | 8.50 | ​ |  | 655,461 | > | 8.00 | ​
Tier 1 leverage | ​ |  | 841,052 |  | 10.03 | ​ |  | 335,420 | > | 4.00 | ​ |  | 335,420 | > | 4.00 | ​ |  | 419,275 | > | 5.00 | ​
Common equity Tier 1 | ​ |  | 792,321 |  | 9.67 | ​ |  | 368,697 | > | 4.50 | ​ |  | 573,529 | > | 7.00 | ​ |  | 532,562 | > | 6.50 | ​
Quad City Bank & Trust: | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Total risk-based capital | ​ | $ | 300,413 | ​ | 12.67 | % | $ | 189,707 | > | 8.00 | % | $ | 248,990 | > | 10.50 | % | $ | 237,133 | > | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital | ​ |  | 270,744 |  | 11.42 | ​ |  | 142,280 | > | 6.00 | ​ |  | 201,563 | > | 8.50 | ​ |  | 189,707 | > | 8.00 | ​
Tier 1 leverage | ​ |  | 270,744 |  | 11.23 | ​ |  | 96,425 | > | 4.00 | ​ |  | 96,425 | > | 4.00 | ​ |  | 120,531 | > | 5.00 | ​
Common equity Tier 1 | ​ |  | 270,744 |  | 11.42 | ​ |  | 106,710 | > | 4.50 | ​ |  | 165,993 | > | 7.00 | ​ |  | 154,137 | > | 6.50 | ​
Cedar Rapids Bank & Trust: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Total risk-based capital | ​ | $ | 381,514 | ​ | 15.60 | % | $ | 195,687 | > | 8.00 | % | $ | 256,840 | > | 10.50 | % | $ | 244,609 | > | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital | ​ |  | 354,940 |  | 14.51 | ​ |  | 146,766 | > | 6.00 | ​ |  | 207,918 | > | 8.50 | ​ |  | 195,687 | > | 8.00 | ​
Tier 1 leverage | ​ |  | 354,940 |  | 14.77 | ​ |  | 96,093 | > | 4.00 | ​ |  | 96,093 | > | 4.00 | ​ |  | 120,116 | > | 5.00 | ​
Common equity Tier 1 | ​ |  | 354,940 |  | 14.51 | ​ |  | 110,074 | > | 4.50 | ​ |  | 171,227 | > | 7.00 | ​ |  | 158,996 | > | 6.50 | ​
Community State Bank: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Total risk-based capital | ​ | $ | 171,747 | ​ | 13.22 | % | $ | 103,903 | > | 8.00 | % | $ | 136,372 | > | 10.50 | % | $ | 129,878 | > | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital | ​ |  | 156,629 |  | 12.06 | ​ |  | 77,927 | > | 6.00 | ​ |  | 110,397 | > | 8.50 | ​ |  | 103,903 | > | 8.00 | ​
Tier 1 leverage | ​ |  | 156,629 |  | 11.19 | ​ |  | 56,005 | > | 4.00 | ​ |  | 56,005 | > | 4.00 | ​ |  | 70,007 | > | 5.00 | ​
Common equity Tier 1 | ​ |  | 156,629 |  | 12.06 | ​ |  | 58,445 | > | 4.50 | ​ |  | 90,915 | > | 7.00 | ​ |  | 84,421 | > | 6.50 | ​
Guaranty Bank: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Total risk-based capital | ​ | $ | 267,822 | ​ | 12.68 | % | $ | 168,967 | > | 8.00 | % | $ | 221,770 | > | 10.50 | % | $ | 211,209 | > | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital | ​ |  | 244,506 |  | 11.58 | ​ |  | 126,726 | > | 6.00 | ​ |  | 179,528 | > | 8.50 | ​ |  | 168,967 | > | 8.00 | ​
Tier 1 leverage | ​ |  | 244,506 |  | 11.41 | ​ |  | 85,688 | > | 4.00 | ​ |  | 85,688 | > | 4.00 | ​ |  | 107,110 | > | 5.00 | ​
Common equity Tier 1 | ​ |  | 244,506 |  | 11.58 | ​ |  | 95,044 | > | 4.50 | ​ |  | 147,847 | > | 7.00 | ​ |  | 137,286 | > | 6.50 | ​

​

​

​

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NOTE 11 - COMMITMENTS

​

The Company entered into a construction contract in 2023 for the construction of a new CRBT facility in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. The Company will pay the contractor a contract price of approximately $17.0 million, subject to additions and deductions as provided in the contract documents. As of September 30, 2024, the Company has paid $12.6 million of the contract price, resulting in a remaining future commitment of $4.4 million. Construction is anticipated to be completed in the fourth quarter of 2024.

​

The Company entered into a construction contract in 2024 for the construction of a new CSB facility in Ankeny, Iowa. The Company will pay the contractor a contract price of approximately $41.3 million, subject to certain agreed upon additions and deductions. As of September 30, 2024, the Company has paid $2.1 million of the contract price, resulting in a remaining future commitment of $39.2 million. Construction is anticipated to be completed in 2026.

​

​

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Part I

Item 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

INTRODUCTION

This section reviews the financial condition and results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries as of and for the three and nine months ending September 30, 2024. Some tables may include additional periods to comply with disclosure requirements or to illustrate trends. When reading this discussion, also refer to the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes in this report. Page locations and specific sections and notes that are referred to in this discussion are listed in the table of contents.

Additionally, a comprehensive list of the acronyms and abbreviations used throughout this discussion is included in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

GENERAL

The Company was formed in February 1993 for the purpose of organizing QCBT. Over the past thirty-one years, the Company has grown to include four banking subsidiaries and a number of nonbanking subsidiaries. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had $9.1 billion in consolidated assets, including $6.8 billion in net loans/leases, and $7.0 billion in deposits. The financial results of acquired entities for the periods since their acquisition are included in this report. Further information related to acquired entities has been presented in the annual reports previously filed with the SEC corresponding to the year of each acquisition.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The Company's financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The financial information contained within these statements is, to a significant extent, financial information that is based on approximate measures of the financial effects of transactions and events that have already occurred. The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance, impairment of goodwill, the fair value of financial instruments, and the fair value of securities.

Based on its consideration of accounting policies that involve the most complex and subjective decisions and assessments, management has identified the following as critical accounting policies and estimates:

| ● | Goodwill

| ● | Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases and Off-Balance Sheet Exposures

| ● | Fair Value of Loans Acquired in Business Combinations

| ● | Fair Value of Financial Instruments

| ● | Fair Value of Securities

A more detailed discussion of these critical accounting policies and estimates can be found in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

The Company reported net income of $27.8 million and diluted EPS of $1.64 for the quarter ended September 30, 2024. By comparison, for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, the Company reported net income of $29.1 million and diluted EPS of $1.72. For the quarter ended September 30, 2023, the Company reported net income of $25.1 million, and diluted EPS of $1.49. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company reported net income of $83.6 million and diluted

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Part I

Item 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

​

EPS of $4.94. By comparison, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company reported net income of $80.7 million and diluted EPS of $4.79.

The third quarter of 2024 was also highlighted by the following results and events (see section titled “GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for additional information):

| ● | Net income of $27.8 million, or $1.64 per diluted share;

| ● | Adjusted net income (non-GAAP) of $30.3 million or $1.78 per diluted share, resulting in an adjusted ROAA (non-GAAP) of 1.35%;

| ● | Significant increase in net interest income of $3.6 million from the prior quarter;

| ● | Net interest margin expanded by 8 basis points to 2.90%, or 3.34% adjusted NIM (TEY)(non-GAAP);

| ● | Continued strong capital markets revenue of $16.3 million;

| ● | Tangible book value (non-GAAP) per share grew $2.35, or 20% annualized; and

| ● | TCE/TA ratio (non-GAAP) improved 24 basis points to 9.24%.

​

Following is a table that represents various net income measurements for the Company:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the three months ended | ​ | For the nine months ended | ​
​ |  | September 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | September 30, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023 | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income | ​ | $ | 27,785 | ​ | $ | 29,114 | ​ | $ | 25,121 | ​ | $ | 83,625 | ​ | $ | 80,703 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Diluted earnings per common share | ​ | $ | 1.64 | ​ | $ | 1.72 | ​ | $ | 1.49 | ​ | $ | 4.94 | ​ | $ | 4.79 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding | ​ |  | 16,982,400 | ​ |  | 16,921,854 | ​ |  | 16,847,951 | ​ |  | 16,938,309 | ​ |  | 16,863,203 | ​

The Company reported adjusted net income (non-GAAP) of $30.3 million, with adjusted diluted EPS (non-GAAP) of $1.78 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. See section titled “GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for additional information. Adjusted net income (non-GAAP) for the three months ended September 30, 2024 excludes non-recurring items, after-tax, as set forth in the GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliation section. The Company reported adjusted net income (non-GAAP) of $86.4 million, with adjusted diluted EPS (non-GAAP) of $5.10 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Adjusted net income (non-GAAP) for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 excludes non-recurring items, after-tax, as set forth in the GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliation section.

Following is a table that represents the major income and expense categories for the Company:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the three months ended | ​ | For the nine months ended | ​
​ |  | September 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | September 30, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023 |
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net interest income | ​ | $ | 59,722 | ​ | $ | 56,163 | ​ | $ | 55,255 | ​ | $ | 170,584 | ​ | $ | 165,270 | ​
Provision for credit losses | ​ |  | 3,484 | ​ |  | 5,496 | ​ |  | 3,806 | ​ |  | 11,949 | ​ |  | 11,340 | ​
Noninterest income | ​ |  | 27,157 | ​ |  | 30,889 | ​ |  | 26,593 | ​ |  | 84,904 | ​ |  | 84,955 | ​
Noninterest expense | ​ |  | 53,565 | ​ |  | 49,888 | ​ |  | 51,081 | ​ |  | 154,143 | ​ |  | 149,593 | ​
Federal and state income tax expense | ​ |  | 2,045 | ​ |  | 2,554 | ​ |  | 1,840 | ​ |  | 5,771 | ​ |  | 8,589 | ​
Net income | ​ | $ | 27,785 | ​ | $ | 29,114 | ​ | $ | 25,121 | ​ | $ | 83,625 | ​ | $ | 80,703 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

Following are some noteworthy changes in the Company's financial results:

| ● | Net interest income in the third quarter of 2024 increased 6% compared to the second quarter of 2024 due to higher loan and investment average balances, margin expansion from higher loan yields and stable funding costs, and increased 8% when compared to the third quarter of 2023 due to higher average earning assets. Loan discount

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|  | accretion increased by $195 thousand from the prior quarter. Net interest income increased 3% when comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the same period of the prior year. The increase was primarily due to higher average earning assets.

| ● | Provision expense in the third quarter of 2024 decreased $2.0 million as compared to the second quarter of 2024 and decreased $322 thousand when compared to the third quarter of 2023. The decrease was primarily due to overall credit quality improvements. Provision expense in the first nine months of 2024 increased $609 thousand compared to the first nine months of 2023. The increase was due to strong loan growth and the impact of our qualitative CECL model factors. In addition, there was negative provision of $445 thousand on AFS securities for the first quarter of 2024 related to the sale of a debt investment in a failed bank. See the “Provision for Credit Losses” section of this report for additional details.

​

| ● | Noninterest income in the third quarter of 2024 decreased $3.7 million, or 12%, compared to the second quarter of 2024. The decrease in the third quarter compared to the linked quarter was primarily due to lower BOLI due to realized income of $2.2 million from BOLI policy proceeds received during the second quarter of 2024 and capital markets revenue from swap fees, offset by higher wealth management revenue. The demand for low-income housing remains healthy and the economics associated with these tax credit projects continue to be favorable. The Company has a strong pipeline for this business and expects it to continue to be a solid source of fee income in 2024. Noninterest income increased $564 thousand, or 2%, compared to the third quarter of 2023. Noninterest income decreased $51 thousand when comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the same period of the prior year. During the third quarter, the Company executed a derivative strategy with a notional value of approximately $410.0 million. These derivatives are designed to safeguard the Company’s regulatory capital against the adverse effects of a significant decline in long-term interest rates. These derivatives are unhedged and are marked-to-market, with gains or losses recorded in noninterest income and reflected as a non-core item. For the third quarter of 2024, the Company recorded a $414 thousand loss on these derivatives.

| ● | Noninterest expense increased $3.7 million, or 7%, in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the second quarter of 2024. Noninterest expense increased $2.5 million, or 5%, compared to the third quarter of 2023. The linked-quarter increase was primarily due to the previously announced one-time restructuring and goodwill impairment charges related to the decision to discontinue offering new loans and leases at m2. Noninterest expense increased $4.6 million, or 3%, when comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the same period in the prior year. This increase was primarily due to higher professional and data processing expense as well as restructuring and goodwill impairment expenses related due to the decision to discontinue offering new loans and leases through m2.

STRATEGIC FINANCIAL METRICS

The Company has established certain strategic financial metrics by which it manages its business and measures its performance. The goals are periodically updated to reflect changes in business developments. While the Company is determined to work prudently to achieve these metrics, there is no assurance that they will be met. Moreover, the Company's ability to achieve these metrics may be affected by the factors discussed under “Forward Looking Statements” as well as the factors detailed in the “Risk Factors” section included under Item 1A. of Part I of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company's long-term strategic financial metrics are as follows:

| ● | Generate loan and lease growth of 9% per year, funded by core deposits;

| ● | Grow fee-based income by at least 6% per year; and

| ● | Limit our annual operating expense growth to 5% per year.

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The following table shows the evaluation of the Company’s strategic financial metrics:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Year to Date*
Strategic Financial Metric* |  | Key Metric |  | Target | September 30, 2024 | June 30, 2024 | September 30, 2023
Loan and lease growth organically |  | Loans and leases growth |  | > 9% annually | ​ | ​ | 5.8 | % | ​ | ​ | 12.4 | % | ​ | ​ | 10.2 | %
Fee income growth |  | Fee income growth |  | > 6% annually | ​ | ​ | (16.8) | % | ​ | ​ | (13.5) | % | ​ | ​ | 45.8 | %
Improve operational efficiencies and hold noninterest expense growth | ​ | Noninterest expense growth |  | < 5% annually | ​ | ​ | (3.8) | % | ​ | ​ | (4.4) | % | ​ | ​ | 10.2 | %

​

* Ratios and amounts provided for these measurements represent year-to-date actual amounts for the respective period that are then annualized for comparison to the prior year actual. The calculations provided exclude non-core noninterest income and noninterest expense.

​

It should be noted that these initiatives are long-term targets.

​

STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS

The Company has taken the following actions during the third quarter of 2024 to support its corporate strategy:

| ● | The Company completed a LIHTC loan securitization through a Freddie Mac sponsored M series transaction in the third quarter of 2024. The securitization consisted of tax exempt LIHTC loans with a total outstanding principal balance of $232.4 million and a total carrying value of $230.7 million. The Company recorded a net loss on the transactions of $473 thousand, which is reported in capital markets revenue on the Company’s consolidated statements of income. The Company plans to continue to utilize securitizations as a liquidity and concentration management tool, and to provide additional capacity to produce LIHTC loans and the related capital markets revenue.

| ● | The Company experienced a decrease in the amount of loans and leases in the third quarter of 2024 of 1.5% on an annualized basis as a result of the securitization. Included in total loans and leases was $165.9 million of LIHTC loans held for sale in anticipation of the Company’s next loan securitization. Excluding the impact of the loans securitized during the third quarter, loan growth is 10.5% annualized.

| ● | Correspondent banking has continued to be a core line of business for the Company. The Company is competitively positioned with experienced staff, software systems and processes to continue growing in the four states currently served – Iowa, Wisconsin, Missouri and Illinois. The Company acted as the correspondent bank through QCBT for 188 downstream banks with total noninterest bearing deposits of $109.3 million and total interest-bearing deposits of $714.6 million as of September 30, 2024. By comparison, the Company acted as the correspondent bank for 180 downstream banks with total noninterest bearing deposits of $93.0 million and total interest-bearing deposits of $308.2 million as of September 30, 2023. This line of business provides a strong source of deposits, fee income, high-quality loan participations and bank stock loans. The Company also manages off-balance sheet liquidity held at the Federal Reserve on behalf of the downstream banks of $438.1 million as of September 30, 2024, as compared to $258.4 million as of September 30, 2023.

| ● | The Company is focused on executing interest rate swaps on select commercial loans, including LIHTC permanent loans. These interest rate swaps allow commercial borrowers to pay a fixed interest rate while the Company receives a variable interest rate as well as an upfront nonrefundable fee dependent on the pricing. Management believes that these swaps help position the Company more favorably for various interest rate environments. The Company will continue to review opportunities to execute these swaps at all of its subsidiary banks as appropriate for applicable borrowers and the Company. Levels of capital markets revenue from swap fee income are influenced by prevailing interest rates. Capital markets revenue, primarily from swap fee income, totaled $16.3 million for the third quarter of 2024 as compared to $15.6 million for the same period of the prior year. Capital markets revenue, primarily from swap fee income, totaled $50.5 million for the first nine months of 2024 as compared to $55.1 million for the same period of the prior year.

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| ● | Over many years, the Company has been successful in expanding its wealth management client base. Trust and investment advisory and management fees continue to be a significant contributor to noninterest income. Assets under management increased by $343.9 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 compared to the quarter ended June 30, 2024, and increased by $941.1 million for the first nine months of 2024. Income is generated primarily from fees charged based on assets under administration for corporate and personal trusts and for custodial services. The majority of trust fees are determined based on the value of the investments managed. The Company expects trust and investment advisory and management fees to be negatively impacted during periods of lower market valuations and positively impacted during periods of higher market valuations. The Company has recently expanded its wealth management client base into the Springfield, Missouri market and the Des Moines, Iowa metropolitan market.

| ● | Noninterest expense for the first nine months of 2024 totaled $154.1 million as compared to $149.6 million in the first nine months of 2023. The increase was primarily due to increased professional and data processing fees due to information technology investment growth as well as restructuring and goodwill impairment expenses related due to the decision to discontinue offering new loans and leases through m2.

GAAP TO NON-GAAP RECONCILIATIONS

The following table presents certain non-GAAP financial measures related to the “TCE/TA ratio”, “adjusted net income”, “adjusted EPS”, “adjusted ROAA”, “NIM (TEY)”, “adjusted NIM (TEY)” and “efficiency ratio.” In compliance with applicable rules of the SEC, all non-GAAP measures are reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, as follows:

| ● | TCE/TA ratio (non-GAAP) is reconciled to stockholders’ equity and total assets;

| ● | Adjusted net income, adjusted EPS and adjusted ROAA (all non-GAAP measures) are reconciled to net income;

| ● | NIM (TEY) (non-GAAP) and adjusted NIM (TEY) (non-GAAP) are reconciled to NIM; and

| ● | Adjusted efficiency ratio (non-GAAP) and efficiency ratio (non-GAAP) is reconciled to noninterest expense, net interest income and noninterest income.

The TCE/TA non-GAAP ratio has been a focus for investors and management believes that this ratio may assist investors in analyzing the Company’s capital position without regard to the effects of intangible assets.

The following tables also include several “adjusted” non-GAAP measurements of financial performance. The Company’s management believes that these measures are important to investors as they exclude non-recurring income and expense items; therefore, they provide a better comparison for analysis and may provide a better indicator of future performance.

NIM (TEY) is a financial measure that the Company’s management utilizes to determine the tax benefit associated with certain tax-exempt loans and securities. It is standard industry practice to measure net interest margin using tax-equivalent measures. In addition, the Company calculates NIM without the impact of acquisition accounting net accretion (adjusted NIM), as accretion amounts can fluctuate widely, making comparisons difficult.

The adjusted efficiency ratio and efficiency ratio are utilized by management to compare the Company to its peers. It is a standard ratio used to calculate overhead as a percentage of revenue in the banking industry and is widely utilized by investors.

Non-GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied, and are not audited. Although these non-GAAP financial measures are frequently used by investors to evaluate a company, they have

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limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for analyses of results as reported under GAAP.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
GAAP TO NON-GAAP |  | September 30, |  | June 30, |  | September 30, | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
RECONCILIATIONS | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | (dollars in thousands, except per share data) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
TCE/TA RATIO |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Stockholders' equity (GAAP) | ​ | $ | 976,620 | ​ | $ | 936,319 | ​ | $ | 828,383 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Less: Intangible assets | ​ |  | 150,347 | ​ |  | 151,468 | ​ |  | 153,564 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
TCE (non-GAAP) | ​ | $ | 826,273 | ​ | $ | 784,851 | ​ | $ | 674,819 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total assets (GAAP) | ​ | $ | 9,088,565 | ​ | $ | 8,871,991 | ​ | $ | 8,540,057 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Less: Intangible assets | ​ |  | 150,347 | ​ |  | 151,468 | ​ |  | 153,564 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
TA (non-GAAP) | ​ | $ | 8,938,218 | ​ | $ | 8,720,523 | ​ | $ | 8,386,493 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
TCE/TA ratio (non-GAAP) | ​ |  | 9.24 | % |  | 9.00 | % |  | 8.05 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the Quarter Ended | ​ | ​ | ​ | For the Nine Months Ended | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, |  | June 30, |  | September 30, |  | ​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30, | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 | ​ |  | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands, except per share data) | ​
ADJUSTED NET INCOME | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income (GAAP) | ​ | $ | 27,785 | ​ | $ | 29,114 | ​ | $ | 25,121 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 83,625 | ​ | $ | 80,703 | ​
Less non-core items (post-tax) (*): | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Income: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Securities gains (losses), net | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (356) | ​
Fair value gain (loss) on derivatives, net | ​ | ​ | (542) | ​ | ​ | (145) | ​ | ​ | (265) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (830) | ​ | ​ | (537) | ​
Total non-core income (non-GAAP) | ​ | $ | (542) | ​ | $ | (145) | ​ | $ | (265) | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (830) | ​ | $ | (893) | ​
Expense: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Post-acquisition compensation, transition and integration costs | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 164 | ​
Goodwill impairment | ​ | ​ | 432 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 432 | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Restructuring expense | ​ | ​ | 1,544 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,544 | ​ | ​ | — | ​
Total non-core expense (non-GAAP) | ​ | $ | 1,976 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,976 | ​ | $ | 164 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Adjusted net income (non-GAAP) | ​ | $ | 30,303 | ​ | $ | 29,259 | ​ | $ | 25,386 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 86,431 | ​ | $ | 81,760 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
ADJUSTED EPS | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Adjusted net income (non-GAAP) (from above) | ​ | $ | 30,303 | ​ | $ | 29,259 | ​ | $ | 25,386 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 86,431 | ​ | $ | 81,760 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted average common shares outstanding | ​ |  | 16,846,200 | ​ |  | 16,814,814 | ​ |  | 16,717,303 | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 16,814,787 | ​ |  | 16,731,847 | ​
Weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding | ​ |  | 16,982,400 | ​ |  | 16,921,854 | ​ |  | 16,847,951 | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 16,938,309 | ​ |  | 16,863,203 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Adjusted EPS (non-GAAP): | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Basic | ​ | $ | 1.80 | ​ | $ | 1.74 | ​ | $ | 1.52 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 5.14 | ​ | $ | 4.89 | ​
Diluted | ​ | $ | 1.78 | ​ | $ | 1.73 | ​ | $ | 1.51 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 5.10 | ​ | $ | 4.85 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
ADJUSTED ROAA (non-GAAP) | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Adjusted net income (non-GAAP) (from above) | ​ | $ | 30,303 | ​ | $ | 29,259 | ​ | $ | 25,386 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 86,431 | ​ | $ | 81,760 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Average Assets | ​ | $ | 8,968,653 | ​ | $ | 8,776,002 | ​ | $ | 8,287,813 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 8,765,913 | ​ | $ | 8,041,141 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Adjusted ROAA (non-GAAP) | ​ |  | 1.35 | % |  | 1.33 | % |  | 1.23 | % | ​ | ​ |  | 1.31 | % |  | 1.36 | %
Adjusted ROAE (non-GAAP) | ​ | ​ | 12.60 | % | ​ | 12.69 | % | ​ | 12.12 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | 12.40 | % | ​ | 13.35 | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
ADJUSTED NIM (TEY)* | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Net interest income (GAAP) | ​ | $ | 59,722 | ​ | $ | 56,163 | ​ | $ | 55,255 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 170,584 | ​ | $ | 165,270 | ​
Plus: Tax equivalent adjustment | ​ |  | 9,544 | ​ |  | 8,914 | ​ |  | 7,771 | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 26,803 | ​ |  | 20,283 | ​
Net interest income - tax equivalent (non-GAAP) | ​ | $ | 69,266 | ​ | $ | 65,077 | ​ | $ | 63,026 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 197,387 | ​ | $ | 185,553 | ​
Less: Acquisition accounting net accretion | ​ | ​ | 463 | ​ | ​ | 268 | ​ | ​ | 539 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,094 | ​ | ​ | 1,501 | ​
Adjusted net interest income | ​ | $ | 68,803 | ​ | $ | 64,809 | ​ | $ | 62,487 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 196,293 | ​ | $ | 184,052 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Average earning assets | ​ | $ | 8,183,196 | ​ | $ | 7,999,044 | ​ | $ | 7,573,785 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 7,997,334 | ​ | $ | 7,369,420 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
NIM (GAAP) | ​ |  | 2.90 | % |  | 2.82 | % |  | 2.89 | % | ​ | ​ |  | 2.85 | % |  | 3.00 | %
NIM (TEY) (non-GAAP) | ​ |  | 3.37 | % |  | 3.27 | % |  | 3.31 | % | ​ | ​ |  | 3.30 | % |  | 3.37 | %
Adjusted NIM (TEY) (non-GAAP) | ​ | ​ | 3.34 | % | ​ | 3.26 | % | ​ | 3.28 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3.28 | % | ​ | 3.34 | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
EFFICIENCY RATIO | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Noninterest expense (GAAP) | ​ | $ | 53,565 | ​ | $ | 49,888 | ​ | $ | 51,081 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 154,143 | ​ | $ | 149,593 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net interest income (GAAP) | ​ | $ | 59,722 | ​ | $ | 56,163 | ​ | $ | 55,255 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 170,584 | ​ | $ | 165,270 | ​
Noninterest income (GAAP) | ​ |  | 27,157 | ​ |  | 30,889 | ​ |  | 26,593 | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 84,904 | ​ |  | 84,955 | ​
Total income | ​ | $ | 86,879 | ​ | $ | 87,052 | ​ | $ | 81,848 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 255,488 | ​ | $ | 250,225 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Efficiency ratio (noninterest expense/total income) (non-GAAP) | ​ |  | 61.65 | % |  | 57.31 | % |  | 62.41 | % | ​ | ​ |  | 60.33 | % |  | 59.78 | %
Adjusted efficiency ratio (core noninterest expense/core total income) (Non-GAAP) | ​ | ​ | 58.45 | % | ​ | 57.19 | % | ​ | 62.15 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | 59.16 | % | ​ | 59.43 | %

* Non-core or non-recurring items (after-tax) are calculated using an estimated effective federal tax rate of 21% with the exception of goodwill impairment which is not deductible for tax.

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NET INTEREST INCOME AND MARGIN- (TAX EQUIVALENT BASIS)

Net interest income, on a GAAP basis, increased 8% for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same quarter of the prior year. Net interest income, on a tax equivalent basis (non-GAAP), increased 10% for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same quarter of the prior year. The increase was driven by higher average earning assets and margin expansion.

A comparison of yields, spread and margin on a tax equivalent and GAAP basis is as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | GAAP | ​ | Tax Equivalent Basis
​ | ​ | For the Three Months Ended | ​ | For the Three Months Ended
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | June 30, | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30, | ​ | June 30, | ​ | September 30,
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023
Average Yield on Interest-Earning Assets | ​ | 6.13 | % | ​ | 5.99 | % | ​ | 5.73 | % | ​ | 6.56 | % | ​ | 6.46 | % | ​ | 6.10 | %
Average Cost of Interest-Bearing Liabilities | ​ | 3.93 | % | ​ | 3.93 | % | ​ | 3.54 | % | ​ | 3.93 | % | ​ | 3.93 | % | ​ | 3.54 | %
Net Interest Spread | ​ | 2.20 | % | ​ | 2.06 | % | ​ | 2.19 | % | ​ | 2.63 | % | ​ | 2.53 | % | ​ | 2.56 | %
NIM (TEY) (Non-GAAP) | ​ | 3.37 | % | ​ | 3.27 | % | ​ | 3.31 | % | ​ | 3.37 | % | ​ | 3.27 | % | ​ | 3.31 | %
NIM Excluding Acquisition Accounting Net Accretion (Non-GAAP) | ​ | 2.92 | % | ​ | 2.80 | % | ​ | 2.89 | % | ​ | 3.34 | % | ​ | 3.26 | % | ​ | 3.28 | %

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | GAAP | ​ | Tax Equivalent Basis
​ | ​ | For the Nine Months Ended | ​ | For the Nine Months Ended
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30, | September 30,
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2024 | 2023
Average Yield on Interest-Earning Assets | ​ | 6.46 | % | ​ | 4.54 | % | ​ | 6.46 | % | ​ | 5.83 | %
Average Cost of Interest-Bearing Liabilities | ​ | 3.91 | % | ​ | 3.17 | % | ​ | 3.91 | % | ​ | 3.17 | %
Net Interest Spread | ​ | 2.55 | % | ​ | 1.37 | % | ​ | 2.55 | % | ​ | 2.66 | %
NIM (TEY) (Non-GAAP) | ​ | 2.85 | % | ​ | 3.49 | % | ​ | 3.30 | % | ​ | 3.37 | %
NIM Excluding Acquisition Accounting Net Accretion (Non-GAAP) | ​ | 3.06 | % | ​ | 2.47 | % | ​ | 3.28 | % | ​ | 3.34 | %

​

Acquisition accounting net accretion can fluctuate mostly depending on the payoff activity of the acquired loans. In evaluating net interest income and NIM, it is important to understand the impact of acquisition accounting net accretion when comparing periods. The above table reports NIM with and without the acquisition accounting net accretion to allow for more appropriate comparisons. A comparison of acquisition accounting net accretion included in NIM is as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the Three Months Ended | ​ | For the Nine Months Ended
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | ​ | June 30, | ​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30,
​ |  | 2024 |  | ​ | 2024 |  | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2024 |  | ​ | 2023
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Acquisition Accounting Net Accretion in NIM | $ | 463 | ​ | $ | 268 | ​ | $ | 539 | ​ | $ | 1,094 | ​ | $ | 1,501

​

The Company’s management closely monitors and manages NIM. From a profitability standpoint, an important challenge for the Company’s subsidiary banks and leasing company is focusing on quality growth in conjunction with the improvement of their NIMs. Management continually addresses this issue with pricing and other balance sheet strategies which include better loan pricing, reducing reliance on very rate-sensitive funding, closely managing deposit rate changes and finding additional ways to manage cost of funds through derivatives.

​

43

Table of Contents

Part I

Item 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

​

The Company’s average balances, interest income/expense, and rates earned/paid on major balance sheet categories, as well as the components of change in net interest income, are presented in the following tables:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the Three Months Ended September 30, | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Interest | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Interest | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Earned | ​ | Yield or | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Earned | ​ | Yield or | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Balance |  | or Paid |  | Cost |  | ​ | Balance |  | or Paid |  | Cost | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​ | ​ | ​
ASSETS |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​
Interest earning assets: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​
Federal funds sold | ​ | $ | 12,596 | ​ | $ | 173 |  | ​ | 5.37 | % | ​ | $ | 21,526 | ​ | $ | 284 |  | ​ | 5.23 | % | ​ | ​
Interest-bearing deposits at financial institutions | ​ |  | 145,597 | ​ |  | 1,915 |  | ​ | 5.23 | % | ​ |  | 86,807 | ​ |  | 1,205 |  | ​ | 5.51 | % | ​ | ​
Investment securities - taxable | ​ |  | 381,285 | ​ |  | 4,439 |  | ​ | 4.64 | % | ​ |  | 344,657 | ​ |  | 3,788 |  | ​ | 4.38 | % | ​ | ​
Investment securities - nontaxable (1) | ​ | ​ | 760,645 | ​ | ​ | 10,744 | ​ | ​ | 5.65 | % | ​ | ​ | 600,693 | ​ | ​ | 6,974 |  | ​ | 4.64 | % | ​ | ​
Restricted investment securities | ​ |  | 42,546 | ​ |  | 840 |  | ​ | 7.73 | % | ​ |  | 43,590 | ​ |  | 659 |  | ​ | 5.91 | % | ​ | ​
Gross loans/leases receivable (1) (2) (3) | ​ |  | 6,840,527 | ​ |  | 116,854 |  | ​ | 6.80 | % | ​ |  | 6,476,512 | ​ |  | 103,428 |  | ​ | 6.34 | % | ​ | ​
Total interest earning assets | ​ | ​ | 8,183,196 | ​ | ​ | 134,965 |  | ​ | 6.56 | % | ​ | ​ | 7,573,785 | ​ | ​ | 116,338 |  | ​ | 6.10 | % | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Noninterest-earning assets: | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and due from banks | ​ | ​ | 79,172 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 76,135 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Premises and equipment | ​ |  | 144,857 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 118,757 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Less allowance | ​ |  | (87,472) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | (85,778) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other | ​ |  | 648,900 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 604,914 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total assets | ​ | $ | 8,968,653 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 8,287,813 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest-bearing liabilities: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest-bearing deposits | ​ | $ | 4,739,757 | ​ |  | 42,180 | ​ |  | 3.54 | % | ​ | $ | 4,264,208 | ​ |  | 33,563 | ​ |  | 3.12 | % | ​ | ​
Time deposits | ​ |  | 1,164,560 | ​ |  | 13,206 | ​ |  | 4.51 | % | ​ |  | 999,488 | ​ |  | 10,003 | ​ |  | 3.97 | % | ​ | ​
Short-term borrowings | ​ |  | 2,485 | ​ |  | 32 | ​ |  | 5.07 | % | ​ |  | 1,514 | ​ |  | 20 | ​ |  | 5.28 | % | ​ | ​
FHLB advances | ​ |  | 445,632 | ​ |  | 5,972 | ​ |  | 5.24 | % | ​ |  | 425,870 | ​ |  | 5,724 | ​ |  | 5.26 | % | ​ | ​
Subordinated notes | ​ | ​ | 233,313 | ​ | ​ | 3,616 | ​ | ​ | 6.20 | % | ​ | ​ | 232,890 | ​ | ​ | 3,307 | ​ | ​ | 5.68 | % | ​ | ​
Junior subordinated debentures | ​ |  | 48,806 | ​ |  | 693 | ​ |  | 5.56 | % | ​ |  | 48,678 | ​ |  | 695 | ​ |  | 5.59 | % | ​ | ​
Total interest-bearing liabilities | ​ | ​ | 6,634,553 | ​ | ​ | 65,699 | ​ |  | 3.93 | % | ​ | ​ | 5,972,648 | ​ | ​ | 53,312 | ​ |  | 3.54 | % | ​ | ​
Effect of noninterest bearing liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.49) | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.54) | % | ​ | ​
Cost of funds | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3.44 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3.00 | % | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits | ​ | ​ | 953,879 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,078,643 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities | ​ | ​ | 417,919 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 398,788 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total liabilities | ​ | ​ | 8,006,351 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,450,079 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Stockholders' equity | ​ |  | 962,302 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 837,734 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | ​ | $ | 8,968,653 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 8,287,813 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net interest income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 69,266 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 63,026 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net interest spread | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 2.63 | % | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 2.56 | % | ​ | ​
Net interest margin | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 2.90 | % | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 2.89 | % | ​ | ​
Net interest margin (TEY)(Non-GAAP) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 3.37 | % | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 3.31 | % | ​ | ​
Adjusted net interest margin (TEY)(Non-GAAP) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3.34 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3.28 | % | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities | ​ |  | 123.34 | % |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 126.81 | % |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

(1) | Interest earned and yields on nontaxable investment securities and nontaxable loans are determined on a tax equivalent basis using a 21% federal tax rate.

(2) | Loan/lease fees are not material and are included in interest income from loans/leases receivable in accordance with accounting and regulatory guidance.

(3) | Non-accrual loans/leases are included in the average balance for gross loans/leases receivable in accordance with accounting and regulatory guidance.

44

Table of Contents

Part I

Item 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

​

Analysis of Changes of Interest Income/Interest Expense

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Inc./(Dec.) | ​ | Components | ​
​ | ​ | from | ​ | of Change (1) | ​
​ |  | Prior Period (1) |  | Rate |  | Volume |
​ | ​ | 2024 vs. 2023 | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​
INTEREST INCOME |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​
Federal funds sold | ​ | $ | (111) | ​ | $ | 50 | ​ | $ | (161) | ​
Interest-bearing deposits at financial institutions | ​ |  | 710 | ​ |  | (403) | ​ |  | 1,113 | ​
Investment securities - taxable | ​ |  | 651 | ​ |  | 233 | ​ |  | 418 | ​
Investment securities - nontaxable (2) | ​ | ​ | 3,770 | ​ | ​ | 1,696 | ​ | ​ | 2,074 | ​
Restricted investment securities | ​ |  | 181 | ​ |  | 283 | ​ |  | (102) | ​
Gross loans/leases receivable (2) (3) | ​ |  | 13,426 | ​ |  | 7,565 | ​ |  | 5,861 | ​
Total change in interest income | ​ | ​ | 18,627 | ​ | ​ | 9,424 | ​ | ​ | 9,203 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
INTEREST EXPENSE | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Interest-bearing deposits | ​ | ​ | 8,617 | ​ | ​ | 4,713 | ​ | ​ | 3,904 | ​
Time deposits | ​ | ​ | 3,203 | ​ | ​ | 1,447 | ​ | ​ | 1,756 | ​
Short-term borrowings | ​ | ​ | 12 | ​ | ​ | (5) | ​ | ​ | 17 | ​
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | ​ | ​ | 248 | ​ | ​ | (138) | ​ | ​ | 386 | ​
Subordinated notes | ​ | ​ | 309 | ​ | ​ | 303 | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​
Junior subordinated debentures | ​ | ​ | (2) | ​ | ​ | (11) | ​ | ​ | 9 | ​
Total change in interest expense | ​ | ​ | 12,387 | ​ | ​ | 6,309 | ​ | ​ | 6,078 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total change in net interest income | ​ | $ | 6,240 | ​ | $ | 3,115 | ​ | $ | 3,125 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

(1) | The column “Inc./(Dec.) from Prior Period” is segmented into the changes attributable to variations in volume and the changes attributable to changes in interest rates. The variations attributable to simultaneous volume and rate changes have been proportionately allocated to rate and volume.

(2) | Interest earned and yields on nontaxable investment securities and nontaxable loans are determined on a tax equivalent basis using a 21% federal tax rate.

(3) | Loan/lease fees are not material and are included in interest income from loans/leases receivable in accordance with accounting and regulatory guidance.

​

45

Table of Contents

Part I

Item 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ​
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | ​ | 2023 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Interest | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Interest | ​ | Average | ​
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Earned | ​ | Yield or | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Earned | ​ | Yield or | ​
​ |  | Balance |  | or Paid |  | Cost |  | ​ | Balance |  | or Paid |  | Cost |
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​
ASSETS |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Interest earning assets: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Federal funds sold | ​ | $ | 15,196 | ​ | $ | 625 |  | ​ | 5.40 | % | ​ | $ | 19,267 | ​ | $ | 741 |  | ​ | 5.14 | %
Interest-bearing deposits at financial institutions | ​ |  | 106,195 | ​ |  | 4,254 |  | ​ | 5.35 | % | ​ |  | 83,783 | ​ |  | 3,151 |  | ​ | 5.03 | %
Investment securities - taxable | ​ |  | 377,538 | ​ |  | 12,986 |  | ​ | 4.57 | % | ​ |  | 340,140 | ​ |  | 10,847 |  | ​ | 4.24 | %
Investment securities - nontaxable (1) | ​ |  | 717,284 | ​ |  | 29,557 |  | ​ | 5.50 | % | ​ |  | 599,070 | ​ |  | 19,892 |  | ​ | 4.43 | %
Restricted investment securities | ​ |  | 41,348 | ​ |  | 2,383 |  | ​ | 7.57 | % | ​ |  | 38,817 | ​ |  | 1,677 |  | ​ | 5.70 | %
Gross loans/leases receivable (1) (2) (3) | ​ |  | 6,739,773 | ​ |  | 337,244 |  | ​ | 6.68 | % | ​ |  | 6,288,343 | ​ |  | 285,136 |  | ​ | 6.06 | %
Total interest earning assets | ​ | ​ | 7,997,334 | ​ |  | 387,049 |  | ​ | 6.46 | % | ​ | ​ | 7,369,420 | ​ |  | 321,444 |  | ​ | 5.83 | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Noninterest-earning assets: | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​ |  | ​
Cash and due from banks | ​ | ​ | 78,203 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 72,767 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Premises and equipment, net | ​ |  | 136,030 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 118,408 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Less allowance for estimated losses on loans/leases | ​ |  | (86,254) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | (86,840) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other | ​ |  | 640,600 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 567,386 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total assets | ​ | $ | 8,765,913 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 8,041,141 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Interest-bearing liabilities: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Interest-bearing demand deposits | ​ | $ | 4,639,937 | ​ |  | 122,207 | ​ |  | 3.52 | % | ​ | $ | 4,099,789 | ​ |  | 84,565 | ​ |  | 2.76 | %
Time deposits | ​ |  | 1,121,508 | ​ |  | 37,679 | ​ |  | 4.49 | % | ​ |  | 1,020,421 | ​ |  | 27,225 | ​ |  | 3.57 | %
Short-term borrowings | ​ |  | 1,846 | ​ |  | 76 | ​ |  | 5.47 | % | ​ |  | 3,588 | ​ |  | 152 | ​ |  | 5.66 | %
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | ​ |  | 421,782 | ​ |  | 16,948 | ​ |  | 5.28 | % | ​ |  | 311,740 | ​ |  | 11,898 | ​ |  | 5.03 | %
Subordinated notes | ​ | ​ | 233,207 | ​ | ​ | 10,678 | ​ | ​ | 6.10 | % | ​ | ​ | 232,784 | ​ | ​ | 9,922 | ​ | ​ | 5.68 | %
Junior subordinated debentures | ​ |  | 48,774 | ​ |  | 2,074 | ​ |  | 5.59 | % | ​ |  | 48,646 | ​ |  | 2,129 | ​ |  | 5.77 | %
Total interest-bearing liabilities | ​ | ​ | 6,467,054 | ​ |  | 189,662 | ​ |  | 3.91 | % | ​ | ​ | 5,716,968 | ​ |  | 135,891 | ​ |  | 3.17 | %
Effect of noninterest bearing liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.50) | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.53) | %
Cost of funds | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3.41 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2.64 | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits | ​ | ​ | 952,806 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,151,873 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities | ​ | ​ | 416,712 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 355,709 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total liabilities | ​ | ​ | 7,836,572 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,224,550 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Stockholders' equity | ​ |  | 929,341 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 816,591 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | ​ | $ | 8,765,913 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 8,041,141 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net interest income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 197,387 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 185,553 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net interest spread | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 2.55 | % | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 2.66 | %
Net interest margin | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 2.85 | % | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 3.00 | %
Net interest margin (TEY)(Non-GAAP) | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 3.30 | % | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 3.37 | %
Adjusted net interest margin (TEY)(Non-GAAP) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3.28 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3.34 | %
Ratio of average interest earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities | ​ |  | 123.66 | % |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 128.90 | % |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​

| (1) | Interest earned and yields on nontaxable investment securities and nontaxable loans are determined on a tax equivalent basis using a 21% federal tax rate.

| (2) | Loan/lease fees are not material and are included in interest income from loans/leases receivable in accordance with accounting and regulatory guidance.

| (3) | Non-accrual loans/leases are included in the average balance for gross loans/leases receivable in accordance with accounting and regulatory guidance.

​

46

Table of Contents

Part I

Item 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Analysis of Changes of Interest Income/Interest Expense
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Inc./(Dec.) | ​ | Components
​ | ​ | from | ​ | of Change (1)
​ |  | Prior Period (1) |  | Rate |  | Volume
​ | ​ | 2024 vs. 2023
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
INTEREST INCOME |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Federal funds sold | ​ | $ | (116) | ​ | $ | 58 | ​ | $ | (174)
Interest-bearing deposits at other financial institutions | ​ |  | 1,103 | ​ |  | 212 | ​ |  | 891
Investment securities - taxable | ​ |  | 2,139 | ​ |  | 886 | ​ |  | 1,253
Investment securities - nontaxable (2) | ​ | ​ | 9,665 | ​ | ​ | 5,319 | ​ | ​ | 4,346
Restricted investment securities | ​ |  | 706 | ​ |  | 589 | ​ |  | 117
Gross loans/leases receivable (2) (3) | ​ |  | 52,108 | ​ |  | 30,622 | ​ |  | 21,486
Total change in interest income | ​ | ​ | 65,605 | ​ | ​ | 37,686 | ​ | ​ | 27,919
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
INTEREST EXPENSE | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |
Interest-bearing demand deposits | ​ | ​ | 37,642 | ​ | ​ | 25,460 | ​ | ​ | 12,182
Time deposits | ​ | ​ | 10,454 | ​ | ​ | 7,551 | ​ | ​ | 2,903
Short-term borrowings | ​ | ​ | (76) | ​ | ​ | (5) | ​ | ​ | (71)
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | ​ | ​ | 5,050 | ​ | ​ | 623 | ​ | ​ | 4,427
Subordinated notes | ​ | ​ | 756 | ​ | ​ | 738 | ​ | ​ | 18
Junior subordinated debentures | ​ | ​ | (55) | ​ | ​ | (64) | ​ | ​ | 9
Total change in interest expense | ​ | ​ | 53,771 | ​ | ​ | 34,303 | ​ | ​ | 19,468
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total change in net interest income | ​ | $ | 11,834 | ​ | $ | 3,383 | ​ | $ | 8,451
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

| (1) | The column “Inc./(Dec.) from Prior Period” is segmented into the changes attributable to variations in volume and the changes attributable to changes in interest rates. The variations attributable to simultaneous volume and rate changes have been proportionately allocated to rate and volume.

| (2) | Interest earned and yields on nontaxable investment securities and nontaxable loans are determined on a tax equivalent basis using a 21% federal tax rate.

| (3) | Loan/lease fees are not material and are included in interest income from loans/leases receivable in accordance with accounting and regulatory guidance.

The Company’s operating results are also impacted by various sources of noninterest income, including trust fees, investment advisory and management fees, deposit service fees, capital markets revenue, gains from the sales of residential real estate loans and government guaranteed loans, earnings on BOLI and other income. Offsetting these items, the Company incurs noninterest expenses, which include salaries and employee benefits, occupancy and equipment expense, professional and data processing fees, FDIC and other insurance expense, loan/lease expense and other administrative expenses.

The Company’s operating results are also affected by economic and competitive conditions, particularly changes in interest rates, income tax rates, government policies and actions of regulatory authorities. For a discussion of the factors that could have a material impact on the operations and future prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries, see the “Risk Factors” section included under Item 1A of Part I of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

INTEREST INCOME

Interest income increased $16.9 million, comparing the third quarter of 2024 to the same period of 2023, and increased $59.1 million when comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the same period of 2023. Interest income (tax equivalent non-GAAP) increased $18.6 million, comparing the third quarter of 2024 to the same period of 2023, and increased $65.6 million when comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the same period of 2023. This increase in interest income across

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both periods was primarily due to higher loan and investment average balances and margin expansion from higher loan yields.

The Company intends to continue to grow quality loans and leases as well as its private placement tax-exempt securities portfolio to maximize yield while minimizing credit and interest rate risk.

INTEREST EXPENSE

Interest expense increased $12.4 million, comparing the third quarter of 2024 to the same period of 2023, and increased $53.8 million, comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the same period of 2023. The increase across both periods was due to the higher cost of funds as well as an increase in interest bearing and time deposits with lower noninterest bearing deposits. The Company’s cost of funds was 3.44% for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, an increase from 3.00% for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. The Company’s cost of funds was 3.41% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, an increase from 2.64% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES

The ACL is established through provision expense to provide an estimated ACL. The following table shows the components of the provision for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Nine Months Ended | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30, | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 | ​ | 2024 |  | 2023 | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Provision for credit losses - loans and leases | ​ | $ | 3,828 | ​ | $ | 3,260 | ​ | $ | 11,907 | ​ | $ | 9,031 | ​
Provision for credit losses - off-balance sheet exposures | ​ | ​ | (344) | ​ | ​ | 546 | ​ | ​ | 487 | ​ | ​ | 1,320 | ​
Provision for credit losses - available for sale securities | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (445) | ​ |  | 989 | ​
Total provision for credit losses | ​ | $ | 3,484 | ​ | $ | 3,806 | ​ | $ | 11,949 | ​ | $ | 11,340 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

The Company had a total provision for credit losses on loans and leases of $3.8 million for the third quarter of 2024, which is an increase from $3.3 million for the same period of 2023, primarily driven by loan growth during the quarter. The provision related to OBS was negative $344 thousand for the third quarter of 2024 compared to $546 thousand for the third quarter of 2023. The decrease was due to a decreased balance in unfunded commitments, improved credit quality and updates to the CECL model factors. There was no provision related to HTM securities for the third quarter of 2024 or 2023. There was no provision related to AFS securities for the third quarter of 2024 or 2023.

​

Provision for loans and leases for the first nine months of 2024 totaled $11.9 million, an increase from $9.0 million for the first nine months of 2023. The increase in provision on loans and leases was primarily driven by loan growth. The provision related to OBS was $487 thousand for the first nine months of 2024 compared to a provision related to OBS of $1.3 million for the first nine months of 2023. The decrease was due to a decreased balance in unfunded commitments, improved credit quality and updates to the CECL model factors. There was no provision related to HTM securities for the first nine months of 2024 or 2023. There was a provision of $989 thousand and negative provision of $445 thousand on AFS securities for the first nine months of 2023 and 2024, respectively, resulting from the write off in 2023 and subsequent change in fair value in 2024, of a debt investment in a failed bank. This was a legacy investment acquired as part of the 2022 GFED acquisition in which an allowance was established for the entire balance of the bond in March 2023 and due to favorable changes in market conditions during 2024, partially recovered in value and was then sold during the first quarter of 2024.

​

The ACL for loans and leases is established based on a number of factors, including the Company's historical loss experience, delinquencies and charge-off trends, economic and other forecasts, the local, state and national economies and risk associated with the loans/leases and securities in the portfolio, as described in more detail in the “Critical Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates” section of this discussion.

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The Company had an ACL for loans/leases held for investment of 1.30% of total gross loans/leases held for investment at September 30, 2024, compared to 1.33% at June 30, 2024 and 1.39% at September 30, 2023. Management has evaluated the allowance needed on the loans acquired prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2021, factoring in the remaining discount, which was $2.8 million and $4.6 million at September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively.

Additional discussion of the Company's allowance can be found in the “Financial Condition” section of this Report.

NONINTEREST INCOME

The following table sets forth the various categories of noninterest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30, | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Trust fees | ​ | $ | 3,270 | ​ | $ | 2,863 | ​ | $ | 407 | ​ | 14.2 | % | ​
Investment advisory and management fees | ​ |  | 1,229 | ​ |  | 947 | ​ |  | 282 | ​ | 29.8 | ​ | ​
Deposit service fees | ​ |  | 2,294 | ​ |  | 2,107 | ​ |  | 187 | ​ | 8.9 | ​ | ​
Gains on sales of residential real estate loans, net | ​ |  | 385 | ​ |  | 476 | ​ |  | (91) | ​ | (19.1) | ​ | ​
Capital markets revenue | ​ |  | 16,290 | ​ |  | 15,596 | ​ |  | 694 | ​ | 4.4 | ​ | ​
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance | ​ |  | 814 | ​ |  | 1,807 | ​ |  | (993) | ​ | (55.0) | ​ | ​
Debit card fees | ​ |  | 1,575 | ​ |  | 1,584 | ​ |  | (9) | ​ | (0.6) | ​ | ​
Correspondent banking fees | ​ |  | 507 | ​ |  | 450 | ​ |  | 57 | ​ | 12.7 | ​ | ​
Loan related fee income | ​ | ​ | 949 | ​ | ​ | 800 | ​ | ​ | 149 | ​ | 18.6 | ​ | ​
Fair value loss on derivatives and trading securities | ​ | ​ | (886) | ​ | ​ | (336) | ​ | ​ | (550) | ​ | (163.7) | ​ | ​
Other | ​ |  | 730 | ​ |  | 299 | ​ |  | 431 | ​ | 144.1 | ​ | ​
Total noninterest income | ​ | $ | 27,157 | ​ | $ | 26,593 | ​ | $ | 564 | ​ | 2.1 | % | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Nine Months Ended | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30, | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ Change | ​ | % Change |  | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Trust fees | ​ | $ | 9,572 | ​ | $ | 8,613 | ​ | $ | 959 | ​ | 11.1 | % | ​
Investment advisory and management fees | ​ |  | 3,544 | ​ |  | 2,812 | ​ |  | 732 | ​ | 26.0 | ​ | ​
Deposit service fees | ​ |  | 6,302 | ​ |  | 6,169 | ​ |  | 133 | ​ | 2.2 | ​ | ​
Gains on sales of residential real estate loans, net | ​ |  | 1,307 | ​ |  | 1,288 | ​ |  | 19 | ​ | 1.5 | ​ | ​
Gains on sales of government guaranteed portions of loans, net | ​ |  | 36 | ​ |  | 30 | ​ |  | 6 | ​ | 20.0 | ​ | ​
Capital markets revenue | ​ |  | 50,505 | ​ |  | 55,109 | ​ |  | (4,604) | ​ | (8.4) | ​ | ​
Securities losses, net | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (451) | ​ |  | 451 | ​ | 100.0 | ​ | ​
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance | ​ |  | 4,646 | ​ |  | 3,352 | ​ |  | 1,294 | ​ | 38.6 | ​ | ​
Debit card fees | ​ |  | 4,612 | ​ |  | 4,639 | ​ |  | (27) | ​ | (0.6) | ​ | ​
Correspondent banking fees | ​ |  | 1,529 | ​ |  | 1,197 | ​ |  | 332 | ​ | 27.7 | ​ | ​
Loan related fee income | ​ | ​ | 2,747 | ​ | ​ | 2,221 | ​ | ​ | 526 | ​ | 23.7 | ​ | ​
Fair value loss on derivatives and trading securities | ​ | ​ | (998) | ​ | ​ | (680) | ​ | ​ | (318) | ​ | (46.8) | ​ | ​
Other | ​ |  | 1,102 | ​ |  | 656 | ​ |  | 446 | ​ | 68.0 | ​ | ​
Total noninterest income | ​ | $ | 84,904 | ​ | $ | 84,955 | ​ | $ | (51) | ​ | (0.1) | % | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

The Company continues to be successful in expanding its wealth management client base and new assets under management. Trust fees continue to be a significant contributor to noninterest income. Assets under management have increased $343.9 million since June 30, 2024 and have increased by $1.4 billion since September 30, 2023 due to market fluctuation and new client additions. Income is generated primarily from fees charged based on assets under administration for corporate and personal trusts and for custodial services. Trust fees are primarily determined based on the market value of the investments within the fully-managed trusts. Trust fees increased 14% in the third quarter of 2024 as compared to the same period of the prior year and increased 11% when comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2023 due to market performance and new assets under management. The Company expects trust fees to be negatively

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impacted during periods of significantly lower market valuations and positively impacted during periods of significantly higher market valuations.

Investment advisory and management fees increased 30% comparing the third quarter of 2024 to the same period of the prior year, and increased 26% when comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2023. Similar to trust fees, investment advisory and management fees are largely determined based on the market value of the investments managed. As a result, fee income from this line of business fluctuates with market valuations.

Deposit service fees increased 9% in the third quarter of 2024 as compared to the same period of the prior year, and increased 2% when comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2023. During the first nine months of 2024, the Company’s total deposits increased by $470.6 million, or 7%. When comparing annualized YTD growth of total deposits, the Company continues to be successful in expanding its core deposit base with a targeted focus on growing the number of net new accounts in 2024.

Gains on sales of residential real estate loans, net, decreased 19% when comparing the third quarter of 2024 to the same period of the prior year, and increased 2% when comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2023. The decrease in the third quarter of 2024 was due to lower volume of client residential real estate purchase activity generating lower levels of gains. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the increase in gains was due to overall higher volume of client residential real estate purchase activity from the same period in the prior year.

The Company has grown its capital markets revenue significantly over the past several years. The Company’s interest rate swap program consists of back-to-back interest rate swaps with two types of commercial borrowers: (1) traditional commercial loans of a certain minimum size and sophistication, and (2) LIHTC permanent loans. Most of the growth has been in the latter category as the Company has grown relationships with strong LIHTC developers with many years of experience. The LIHTC industry is strong and growing with an increased need for affordable housing. The back-to-back interest rate swaps allow commercial borrowers to pay a fixed interest rate while the Company receives a variable interest rate as well as an upfront nonrefundable fee dependent upon the pricing from an upstream counter party.

Capital markets revenue totaled $16.3 million for the third quarter of 2024, compared to $15.6 million for the third quarter of 2023. Capital markets revenue totaled $50.5 million for the first nine months of 2024 compared to $55.1 million for the first nine months of 2023. In the traditional commercial portfolio, the pricing is more competitive and the duration is shorter as compared to the LIHTC permanent loans. Therefore, the mix of loans with interest rate swaps continued to be heavily weighted towards LIHTC permanent loans. Future levels of swap fees are dependent upon the needs of our traditional commercial and LIHTC borrowers, and the size of the related nonrefundable swap fee may fluctuate depending on the interest rate environment.

Also included in capital markets revenue are gains/losses on loan securitizations. The Company closed on $232.4 million of LIHTC loans for securitization in the third quarter of 2024 which resulted in a loss of $473 thousand. LIHTC securitizations will likely be used in the future as a tool to provide capacity for continued LIHTC loan production.

There were no securities gains or losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 or for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Securities losses totaled $451 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The Company sold $29.0 million of securities during the first quarter of 2023. The securities sold were part of a strategy to partially deleverage the Company’s balance sheet with an anticipated rapid earn back of the modest loss before the end of the calendar year.

Earnings on BOLI decreased 55% comparing the third quarter of 2024 to the third quarter of 2023 and increased 39% comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2023. The change was due primarily to $2.2 million of death benefit proceeds on BOLI received in the second quarter of 2024. There were no purchases of BOLI in the first nine months of 2024 or 2023. Notably, a portion of the Company's BOLI is variable rate whereby returns are determined by the performance of the equity markets. Management intends to continue to review its BOLI investments to be consistent with

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policy and regulatory limits in conjunction with the rest of its earning assets in an effort to maximize returns while minimizing risk.

Debit card fees are the interchange fees paid on certain debit card customer transactions. Debit card fees remained stable comparing the third quarter of 2024 as compared to the same period of the prior year, and also comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2023. The fees can vary based on customer debit card usage, so fluctuations from period to period may occur. As an opportunity to maximize fees, the Company offers a deposit product with a higher interest rate that incentivizes debit card activity.

Correspondent banking fees increased 13% comparing the third quarter of 2024 to the same period of the prior year, and increased 28% comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2023. The increase was primarily due to a shift of correspondent banking balances from non-interest bearing accounts to interest bearing accounts, in light of increasing rates. Fees from correspondent banks generally increase when non-interest bearing account balances decrease due to lower associated earnings credits. Correspondent banking continues to be a core strategy for the Company, as this line of business provides a high level of deposits that can be used to fund loan growth as well as a steady source of fee income. The Company now serves 188 banks in Iowa, Illinois, Missouri and Wisconsin.

Loan-related fee income increased 19% comparing the third quarter of 2024 to the same period of the prior year, and increased 24% comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2023. The increase across both periods was primarily due to the growth in our commercial credit card portfolio.

Fair value loss on derivatives and trading securities was $886 thousand in the third quarter of 2024, as compared to $336 thousand in losses in the same period of the prior year. Fair value loss on derivatives and trading securities was $998 thousand in the first nine months of 2024 as compared to $680 thousand in the first nine months of 2023. During the third quarter of 2024, the Company executed a derivative strategy with a notional value of approximately $410 million. These derivatives are unhedged and are marked-to-market, with gains or losses recorded in noninterest income which was a contributing factor in the increase in fair value losses. The Company uses unhedged cap instruments and swaptions to manage interest rate risk related to the variability of interest payments due to changes in interest rates. Fair value gains or losses will fluctuate depending on the interest rate environment. See Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Other noninterest income increased $431 thousand, or 144%, in the third quarter of 2024 as compared to the same period of the prior year due to improvements on the market value of the Company’s equity investments. Other noninterest income increased $446 thousand, or 68%, comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2023. Included in other noninterest income is income on equity investments. Income on equity investments is largely determined based on the market value of the investments managed. As a result, income fluctuates with market valuations.

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NONINTEREST EXPENSE

The following tables set forth the various categories of noninterest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30, | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Salaries and employee benefits | ​ | $ | 31,637 | ​ | $ | 32,098 | ​ | $ | (461) |  | (1.4) | % | ​
Occupancy and equipment expense | ​ |  | 6,168 | ​ |  | 6,228 | ​ |  | (60) |  | (1.0) | ​ | ​
Professional and data processing fees | ​ |  | 4,457 | ​ |  | 4,456 | ​ |  | 1 |  | 0.0 | ​ | ​
Restructuring expense | ​ | ​ | 1,954 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,954 |  | 100.0 | ​ | ​
FDIC insurance, other insurance and regulatory fees | ​ |  | 1,711 | ​ |  | 1,721 | ​ |  | (10) |  | (0.6) | ​ | ​
Loan/lease expense | ​ |  | 587 | ​ |  | 826 | ​ |  | (239) |  | (28.9) | ​ | ​
Net cost of (income from) and gains/losses on operations of real estate | ​ |  | (42) | ​ |  | 3 | ​ |  | (45) |  | (1,500.0) | ​ | ​
Advertising and marketing | ​ |  | 2,124 | ​ |  | 1,429 | ​ |  | 695 |  | 48.6 | ​ | ​
Communication and data connectivity | ​ | ​ | 333 | ​ | ​ | 478 | ​ | ​ | (145) |  | (30.3) | ​ | ​
Supplies | ​ | ​ | 278 | ​ | ​ | 335 | ​ | ​ | (57) |  | (17.0) | ​ | ​
Bank service charges | ​ |  | 603 | ​ |  | 605 | ​ |  | (2) |  | (0.3) | ​ | ​
Correspondent banking expense | ​ |  | 325 | ​ |  | 232 | ​ |  | 93 |  | 40.1 | ​ | ​
Intangibles amortization | ​ |  | 690 | ​ |  | 691 | ​ |  | (1) |  | (0.1) | ​ | ​
Goodwill impairment | ​ | ​ | 432 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 432 | ​ | 100.0 | ​ | ​
Payment card processing | ​ | ​ | 785 | ​ | ​ | 733 | ​ | ​ | 52 |  | 7.1 | ​ | ​
Trust expense | ​ | ​ | 395 | ​ | ​ | 432 | ​ | ​ | (37) |  | (8.6) | ​ | ​
Other | ​ |  | 1,128 | ​ |  | 814 | ​ |  | 314 |  | 38.6 | ​ | ​
Total noninterest expense | ​ | $ | 53,565 | ​ | $ | 51,081 | ​ | $ | 2,484 | ​ | 4.9 | % | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Nine Months Ended | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30, | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Salaries and employee benefits |  | $ | 94,576 |  | $ | 95,560 |  | $ | (984) |  | (1.0) | % | ​
Occupancy and equipment expense |  |  | 19,059 |  |  | 18,242 |  |  | 817 |  | 4.5 | ​ | ​
Professional and data processing fees |  |  | 13,893 |  |  | 12,048 |  |  | 1,845 |  | 15.3 | ​ | ​
Restructuring expense | ​ | ​ | 1,954 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,954 |  | 100.0 | ​ | ​
Post-acquisition compensation, transition and integration costs |  |  | — |  |  | 207 |  |  | (207) |  | (100.0) | ​ | ​
FDIC insurance, other insurance and regulatory fees |  |  | 5,510 |  |  | 5,022 |  |  | 488 |  | 9.7 | ​ | ​
Loan/lease expense |  |  | 1,116 |  |  | 2,034 |  |  | (918) |  | (45.1) | ​ | ​
Net cost of (income from) and gains/losses on operations of other real estate |  |  | (44) |  |  | (64) |  |  | 20 |  | (31.3) | ​ | ​
Advertising and marketing |  |  | 5,172 |  |  | 4,401 |  |  | 771 |  | 17.5 | ​ | ​
Communication and data connectivity | ​ | ​ | 1,052 | ​ | ​ | 1,614 | ​ | ​ | (562) |  | (34.8) | ​ | ​
Supplies | ​ | ​ | 812 | ​ | ​ | 921 | ​ | ​ | (109) |  | (11.8) | ​ | ​
Bank service charges |  |  | 1,793 |  |  | 1,831 |  |  | (38) |  | (2.1) | ​ | ​
Correspondent banking expense |  |  | 993 |  |  | 663 |  |  | 330 |  | 49.8 | ​ | ​
Intangibles amortization |  |  | 2,070 |  |  | 2,222 |  |  | (152) |  | (6.8) | ​ | ​
Goodwill Impairment | ​ | ​ | 432 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 432 | ​ | 100.0 | ​ | ​
Payment card processing | ​ | ​ | 2,137 | ​ | ​ | 1,820 | ​ | ​ | 317 |  | 17.4 | ​ | ​
Trust expense | ​ | ​ | 1,199 | ​ | ​ | 983 | ​ | ​ | 216 |  | 22.0 | ​ | ​
Other |  |  | 2,419 |  |  | 2,089 |  |  | 330 |  | 15.8 | ​ | ​
Total noninterest expense |  | $ | 154,143 |  | $ | 149,593 |  | $ | 4,550 |  | 3.0 | % | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

Management places a strong emphasis on overall cost containment and is committed to improving the Company's general efficiency.

Salaries and employee benefits, which is the largest component of noninterest expense, decreased 1% when comparing the third quarter of 2024 to the same period of the prior year and when comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2023 due to lower variable compensation and lower FTEs.

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Occupancy and equipment expense decreased 1% comparing the third quarter of 2024 to the same period of the prior year, and increased 5% comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2023. The increase was due to higher IT service contracts expense and depreciation.

Professional and data processing fees remained stable comparing the third quarter of 2024 to the same period of the prior year, and increased 15% comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2023. The increase was due primarily to increased CDARS and ICS expenses as well as increased data processing expenses. Generally, professional and data processing fees can fluctuate depending on certain one-time project costs. Management will continue to focus on minimizing such one-time costs and driving recurring costs down through contract negotiation or managed reduction in activity where costs are determined on a usage basis.

Restructuring expenses totaled $2.0 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 due to the decision to discontinue offering new loans and leases through m2. The charges consisted primarily of severance and retention compensation as well as vendor contract termination fees. There were no restructuring expenses in 2023.

There were no post-acquisition compensation, transition and integration costs in 2024, whereas such costs totaled $207 thousand in the first nine months of 2023. These costs were comprised primarily of IT integration and data conversion costs related to the acquisition of GFED.

FDIC insurance, other insurance and regulatory fee expense remained stable when comparing the third quarter of 2024 to the same period of the prior year, and increased 10% when comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2023. The increase in expense for the first nine months of 2024 was due to asset growth and higher FDIC insurance rates.

Loan/lease expense decreased 29% when comparing the third quarter of 2024 to the same quarter of the prior year, and decreased 45% comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2023. The decrease was due primarily to lower legal expense on loan workouts and higher recoveries of legal expenses incurred on loan workouts. Generally, loan/lease expense has a direct relationship with the level of NPLs; however, it may deviate depending upon the individual NPLs, as NPLs have increased 1% since September 30, 2023.

Net cost of (income from) and gains/losses on operations of other real estate includes gains/losses on the sale of OREO, write-downs of OREO and all income/expenses associated with OREO. Net income from and gains/losses on operations of other real estate for the third quarter of 2024 totaled $42 thousand, compared to net cost of and gains/losses on operations of other real estate of $3 thousand for the third quarter of 2023. Net income from and gain/losses on operations of other real estate totaled $44 thousand for the first nine months of 2024, compared to net income from and gains/losses on operations of other real estate of $64 thousand for the first nine months of 2023.

Advertising and marketing expense increased 49% comparing the third quarter of 2024 to the same period of the prior year, and increased 18% comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2023. The increase in expense compared to the linked quarter was primarily due to the increased marketing of our deposit products.

Communication and data connectivity expense decreased 30% comparing the third quarter of 2024 to the same period of the prior year, and decreased 35% comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2023. The decrease was primarily due to improvements to our data center connectivity channels and a reduction in cell phone and air card expenses as the Company continues to improve operational efficiencies.

Supplies expense decreased 17% comparing the third quarter of 2024 to the same period of the prior year, and decreased 12% comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2023. This decrease is primarily due to the timing of purchases.

Bank service charges, a large portion of which includes indirect costs incurred to provide services to QCBT's correspondent banking customer portfolio, remained stable when comparing the third quarter of 2024 to the same period of the prior year,

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and decreased 2% comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2023. As transaction volumes and the number of correspondent banking clients fluctuate, the associated expenses are expected to also fluctuate.

Correspondent banking expense increased 40% when comparing the third quarter of 2024 to the same period of the prior year, and increased 50% comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2023. The increase in correspondent expenses includes planned costs for an upgraded safekeeping platform. These are direct costs incurred to provide services to QCBT's correspondent banking customer portfolio, including safekeeping and cash management services.

Intangibles amortization expense remained stable when comparing the third quarter of 2024 to the same period of the prior year, and decreased 7% comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2023. The amortization expense is due to the prior acquisitions. These expenses will naturally decrease as intangibles become fully amortized unless there is an addition to intangible assets.

Goodwill impairment expense totaled $432 thousand for the third quarter and for the first nine months of 2024 due to the decision to discontinue offering new loans and leases through m2. There was no goodwill impairment expense in 2023.

Payment card processing expense increased 7% when comparing the third quarter of 2024 to the same period of the prior year, and increased 17% comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2023 due to an increased volume of transactions.

Trust expense decreased 9% when comparing the third quarter of 2024 to the same period of the prior year, and increased 22% comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2023. The decrease in the third quarter of 2024 as compared of the same period of the prior year was primarily due to additional costs for the planned system conversions of the trust and tax accounting platforms that occurred during the third quarter of 2023. The increase in trust expense for the first nine months of 2024 was due to assets under management growth.

Other noninterest expense increased 39% when comparing the third quarter of 2024 to the same period of the prior year, and increased 16% comparing the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2023. The increase was primarily due to increased insurance claim loss reserves at our QCRH Risk Management micro captive entity. Included in other noninterest expense are items such as meals and entertainment, subscriptions and sales and use tax.

INCOME TAXES

In the third quarter of 2024, the Company incurred income tax expense of $2.0 million, compared to income tax expense of $1.8 million in the same period of the prior year. During the first nine months of 2024, the Company incurred income tax expense of $5.8 million, compared to income tax expense of $8.6 million in the first nine months of 2023. The Company continues to benefit from increased levels of tax exempt income due to strong growth in tax-exempt loan and bond portfolios. As a result, this has helped drive the Company’s effective tax rate lower for both the three and nine months

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periods ended September 30, 2024. Refer to the reconciliation of the expected income tax rate to the effective tax rate that is included in Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional detail.

​

FINANCIAL CONDITI ON

Following is a table that represents the major categories of the Company’s balance sheet:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, 2024 | ​ | ​ | June 30, 2024 | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2023 |  | ​ | September 30, 2023 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Amount |  | % |  | ​ | Amount |  | % |  | ​ | Amount |  | % |  |  | Amount |  | % |  | ​
Cash, federal funds sold, and interest-bearing deposits | ​ | $ | 262,999 |  | 3 | % | ​ | $ | 194,435 |  | 2 | % | ​ | $ | 237,492 |  | 3 | % | ​ | $ | 184,915 |  | 2 | % | ​
Securities | ​ | ​ | 1,146,046 |  | 13 | % | ​ | ​ | 1,033,199 |  | 12 | % | ​ | ​ | 1,005,528 |  | 12 | % | ​ | ​ | 896,394 |  | 10 | % | ​
Net loans/leases | ​ | ​ | 6,742,481 |  | 74 | % | ​ | ​ | 6,766,680 |  | 76 | % | ​ | ​ | 6,456,216 |  | 75 | % | ​ | ​ | 6,518,638 |  | 77 | % | ​
Derivatives | ​ | ​ | 261,913 | ​ | 3 | % | ​ | ​ | 194,354 | ​ | 2 | % | ​ | ​ | 187,341 | ​ | 2 | % | ​ | ​ | 291,295 | ​ | 3 | % | ​
Other assets | ​ | ​ | 675,126 | ​ | 7 | % | ​ | ​ | 683,323 | ​ | 8 | % | ​ | ​ | 652,317 | ​ | 8 | % | ​ | ​ | 648,815 | ​ | 8 | % | ​
Total assets | ​ | $ | 9,088,565 |  | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 8,871,991 |  | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 8,538,894 |  | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 8,540,057 |  | 100 | % | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total deposits | ​ | $ | 6,984,633 |  | 77 | % | ​ | $ | 6,764,667 |  | 76 | % | ​ | $ | 6,514,005 |  | 77 | % | ​ | $ | 6,494,852 |  | 76 | % | ​
Total borrowings | ​ | ​ | 660,344 |  | 7 | % | ​ | ​ | 768,671 |  | 9 | % | ​ | ​ | 718,295 |  | 8 | % | ​ | ​ | 712,126 |  | 8 | % | ​
Derivatives | ​ | ​ | 285,769 | ​ | 3 | % | ​ | ​ | 221,798 | ​ | 2 | % | ​ | ​ | 215,735 | ​ | 3 | % | ​ | ​ | 320,220 | ​ | 4 | % | ​
Other liabilities | ​ | ​ | 181,199 |  | 2 | % | ​ | ​ | 180,536 |  | 2 | % | ​ | ​ | 204,263 |  | 2 | % | ​ | ​ | 184,476 |  | 2 | % | ​
Total stockholders' equity | ​ | ​ | 976,620 |  | 11 | % | ​ | ​ | 936,319 |  | 11 | % | ​ | ​ | 886,596 |  | 10 | % | ​ | ​ | 828,383 |  | 10 | % | ​
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | ​ | $ | 9,088,565 |  | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 8,871,991 |  | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 8,538,894 |  | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 8,540,057 |  | 100 | % | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

During the third quarter of 2024, the Company's total assets increased $216.6 million, or 2%, from June 30, 2024, to a total of $9.1 billion. The Company’s net loans/leases decreased $24.2 million in the third quarter of 2024. The decrease in net loans/leases was driven primarily by a decrease in loans held for sale with the closing of a loan securitization in the third quarter of 2024. Loans and leases held for investment increased $53.5 million as compared to the second quarter of 2024. The Company continues to experience strong loan demand from its LIHTC lending business. Deposits increased $220.0 million, or 3%, during the third quarter of 2024. Borrowings decreased $108.3 million, or 14%, during the third quarter of 2024 due primarily to strong deposit growth reducing funding needs.

INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The composition of the Company’s securities portfolio is managed to meet liquidity needs while prioritizing the impact on interest rate risk, maximizing return and minimizing credit risk. Over the years, the Company has further invested in tax-exempt municipal securities made up of 11% general obligation bonds and 89% revenue bonds. The majority are privately placed tax-exempt debt issuances by municipalities located in the Midwest (with some in or near the Company's existing markets) and diversified across many issuers. The Company monitors the investments and concentration closely. Of the general obligation and revenue bonds in the Company's portfolio, the majority are unrated bonds that represent small, private issuances that require a thorough underwriting process before investment and are generated by our specialty finance group.

​

Trading securities had a fair value of $58.7 million as of September 30, 2024 and consisted of retained beneficial interests acquired in conjunction with loan securitizations completed by the Company in 2023 and 2024. The change in market value on trading securities was a net loss of $200 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and a net gain of $52 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. See also Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for details of these securitizations.

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Following is a breakdown of the Company's securities portfolio by type, the percentage of net unrealized gains (losses) to carrying value on the total portfolio, and the portfolio duration:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, 2024 | ​ | June 30, 2024 | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2023 |  | ​ | September 30, 2023 |
​ |  | Amount |  | % |  | Amount |  | % |  | ​ | Amount |  | % |  | ​ | Amount |  | % | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
U.S. govt. sponsored agency securities | ​ | $ | 18,621 |  | 2 | % | $ | 20,101 |  | 2 | % | ​ | $ | 14,973 |  | 1 | % | ​ | $ | 16,002 |  | 2 | %
Municipal securities | ​ |  | 965,811 |  | 84 | % |  | 885,046 |  | 86 | % | ​ |  | 853,442 |  | 85 | % | ​ |  | 764,017 |  | 85 | %
Residential mortgage-backed and related securities | ​ |  | 53,487 |  | 5 | % |  | 54,708 |  | 5 | % | ​ |  | 59,196 |  | 6 | % | ​ |  | 57,946 |  | 6 | %
Asset-backed securities | ​ | ​ | 10,455 | ​ | 1 | % | ​ | 12,721 | ​ | 1 | % | ​ | ​ | 15,423 | ​ | 2 | % | ​ | ​ | 16,326 | ​ | 2 | %
Other securities | ​ |  | 39,190 |  | 3 | % |  | 38,464 |  | 4 | % | ​ |  | 40,125 |  | 4 | % | ​ |  | 42,283 |  | 5 | %
Trading securities | ​ |  | 58,685 |  | 5 | % |  | 22,362 |  | 2 | % | ​ |  | 22,369 |  | 2 | % | ​ |  | — |  | - | %
​ | ​ | $ | 1,146,249 |  | 100 | % | $ | 1,033,402 |  | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 1,005,528 |  | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 896,574 |  | 100 | %
​ | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​
Securities as a % of total assets | ​ |  | 12.61 | % |  | ​ |  | 11.65 | % |  | ​ | ​ |  | 11.78 | % |  | ​ | ​ |  | 10.50 | % |  | ​
Net unrealized losses as a % of Amortized Cost | ​ |  | (4.11) | % |  | ​ |  | (7.17) | % |  | ​ | ​ |  | (4.96) | % |  | ​ | ​ |  | (16.86) | % |  | ​
Duration (in years) | ​ |  | 5.8 | ​ |  | ​ |  | 6.2 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 6.2 | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | 5.5 | ​ | ​ | ​
Annual yield on investment securities (tax equivalent) | ​ | ​ | 5.32 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5.08 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4.30 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4.55 | % | ​ | ​

​

The Company has not invested in non-agency commercial or residential mortgage-backed securities or pooled trust preferred securities. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Company's investment securities.

LOANS/LEASES

Total loans/leases grew 5.8% on an annualized basis during the first nine months of 2024, net of loans securitized. The mix of the loan/lease classes within the Company's loan/lease portfolio is presented in the following table:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, 2024 | ​ | ​ | June 30, 2024 | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2023 | ​ | ​ | September 30, 2023 | ​ | ​
​ |  | Amount |  | % |  | ​ | Amount |  | % |  | ​ | Amount |  | % |  | ​ | Amount |  | % | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
C&I - revolving | ​ | $ | 387,409 |  | 6 | % | ​ | $ | 362,115 |  | 5 | % | ​ | $ | 325,243 |  | 5 | % | ​ | $ | 299,588 |  | 5 | % | ​
C&I - other | ​ | ​ | 1,410,081 | ​ | 21 | % | ​ | ​ | 1,463,198 | ​ | 21 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,481,778 | ​ | 23 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,487,568 | ​ | 22 | ​ | ​
CRE - owner occupied | ​ | ​ | 622,072 | ​ | 9 | % | ​ | ​ | 633,596 | ​ | 9 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 607,365 | ​ | 9 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 610,618 | ​ | 9 | ​ | ​
CRE - non-owner occupied | ​ | ​ | 1,103,694 | ​ | 16 | % | ​ | ​ | 1,082,457 | ​ | 16 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,008,892 | ​ | 15 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 955,552 | ​ | 14 | ​ | ​
Construction and land development | ​ | ​ | 1,256,176 | ​ | 18 | % | ​ | ​ | 1,082,348 | ​ | 16 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,420,525 | ​ | 22 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,394,054 | ​ | 21 | ​ | ​
Multi-family | ​ |  | 1,297,772 |  | 19 | % | ​ |  | 1,477,483 |  | 22 | ​ | ​ |  | 996,143 |  | 15 | ​ | ​ |  | 1,156,980 |  | 18 | ​ | ​
Direct financing leases | ​ |  | 19,241 |  | - | % | ​ |  | 25,808 |  | - | ​ | ​ |  | 31,164 |  | 1 | ​ | ​ |  | 34,401 |  | 1 | ​ | ​
1-4 family real estate | ​ |  | 587,512 |  | 9 | % | ​ |  | 583,542 |  | 9 | ​ | ​ |  | 544,971 |  | 8 | ​ | ​ |  | 539,931 |  | 8 | ​ | ​
Consumer | ​ |  | 144,845 |  | 2 | % | ​ |  | 143,839 |  | 2 | ​ | ​ |  | 127,335 |  | 2 | ​ | ​ |  | 127,615 |  | 2 | ​ | ​
Total loans/leases | ​ | $ | 6,828,802 |  | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 6,854,386 |  | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 6,543,416 |  | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 6,606,307 |  | 100 | % | ​
Less allowance | ​ |  | (86,321) |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | (87,706) |  |  | ​ | ​ |  | (87,200) |  |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | (87,669) |  |  | ​ | ​
Net loans/leases | ​ | $ | 6,742,481 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 6,766,680 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 6,456,216 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 6,518,638 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

CRE loans are predominantly included within the CRE – owner occupied, CRE – non-owner occupied, construction and land development and multi-family loan classes, however, CRE loans can also be included in 1-4 family based on nature of the loan. As CRE loans have historically been the Company's largest portfolio segment, management places a strong emphasis on the underwriting and monitoring of the characteristics and composition of the Company's CRE loan portfolio. For example, management tracks the level of owner-occupied CRE loans relative to non-owner-occupied loans because owner-occupied loans are generally considered to have less risk. Additionally, the Company reviews CRE concentrations by industry in relation to risk-based capital on a quarterly basis. Approximately 43% of the CRE loan portfolio consists of LIHTC loans, all of which are performing and Pass rated.

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The following is a listing of significant industries within the Company's CRE loan portfolio. These include loans in the following portfolio segments as of September 30, 2024: CRE owner occupied, CRE non-owner occupied, certain construction and land development, multifamily and certain 1-4 family real estate. Within the CRE Loan portfolio, there is a low amount of office exposure, totaling $199.5 million or 2.7% of total loans at September 30, 2024.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of September 30, | ​ | ​ | As of June 30, |  | ​ | As of December 31, |  | ​ | As of September 30, |
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | ​ | 2023 | ​
​ |  | Amount |  | % |  | ​ | Amount |  | % |  | ​ | Amount |  | % |  | ​ | Amount |  | % |
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Lessors of residential buildings - LIHTC | ​ | $ | 1,913,797 |  | 43 | % | ​ | $ | 1,918,245 |  | 43 | % | ​ | $ | 1,650,340 |  | 40 | % | ​ | $ | 1,805,292 |  | 42 | %
Lessors of residential buildings | ​ | ​ | 541,451 | ​ | 12 | % | ​ | ​ | 444,631 | ​ | 10 | % | ​ | ​ | 442,913 | ​ | 10 | % | ​ | ​ | 407,857 | ​ | 10 | %
Lessors of nonresidential buildings | ​ | ​ | 644,044 |  | 14 | % | ​ | ​ | 628,783 |  | 14 | % | ​ | ​ | 633,098 |  | 15 | % | ​ | ​ | 610,919 |  | 14 | %
Hotels | ​ |  | 137,413 |  | 3 | % | ​ |  | 137,485 |  | 3 | % | ​ |  | 135,915 |  | 3 | % | ​ |  | 128,177 |  | 3 | %
New housing for-sale builders | ​ | ​ | 63,586 | ​ | 2 | % | ​ | ​ | 83,929 | ​ | 2 | % | ​ | ​ | 84,451 | ​ | 2 | % | ​ | ​ | 83,142 | ​ | 2 | %
Other * | ​ |  | 1,189,604 |  | 26 | % | ​ |  | 1,261,727 |  | 28 | % | ​ |  | 1,268,207 |  | 30 | % | ​ |  | 1,263,994 |  | 29 | %
Other - LIHTC | ​ | ​ | 6,008 | ​ | - | % | ​ | ​ | 19,468 | ​ | - | % | ​ | ​ | 17,951 | ​ | - | % | ​ | ​ | 18,195 | ​ | - | %
Total CRE loans | ​ | $ | 4,495,903 | ​ | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 4,494,268 | ​ | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 4,232,875 | ​ | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 4,317,576 | ​ | 100 | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

* “Other” consists of all other industries. None of these had concentrations greater than $55.5 million, or approximately 1.2 % of total CRE loans in the most recent period presented.

​

The following table reflects credit quality indicators and performance of the Company’s CRE loan portfolio:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of September 30, | ​ | ​ | As of June 30, | ​
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | ​ | 2024 | ​
​ | ​ | Delinquency Status* | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​ | ​ | Delinquency Status* | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​
​ | ​ | Performing | ​ | Nonperforming | ​ | Total | ​ | CRE | ​ | ​ | Performing | ​ | ​ | Nonperforming | ​ | Total | ​ | CRE | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 4,402,892 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 4,402,892 | ​ | 98 | % | ​ | $ | 4,392,741 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 4,392,741 | ​ | 98 | %
Special Mention | ​ | ​ | 33,005 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 33,005 | ​ | 1 | % | ​ | ​ | 36,855 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 36,855 | ​ | 1 | %
Substandard | ​ | ​ | 45,068 | ​ | ​ | 14,938 | ​ | ​ | 60,006 | ​ | 1 | % | ​ | ​ | 47,353 | ​ | ​ | 17,319 | ​ | ​ | 64,672 | ​ | 1 | %
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ | 0 | % | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ | 0 | %
​ | ​ | $ | 4,480,965 | ​ | $ | 14,938 | ​ | $ | 4,495,903 | ​ | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 4,476,949 | ​ | $ | 17,319 | ​ | $ | 4,494,268 | ​ | 100 | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
As a percentage of total CRE portfolio | ​ | ​ | 99.67 | % | ​ | 0.33 | % | ​ | 100 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 99.61 | % | ​ | 0.39 | % | ​ | 100 | % | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31, | ​ | ​ | As of September 30, | ​
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | ​ | 2023 | ​
​ | ​ | Delinquency Status* | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​ | ​ | Delinquency Status* | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | Performing | ​ | ​ | Nonperforming | ​ | ​ | Total | ​ | CRE | ​ | ​ | ​ | Performing | ​ | ​ | Nonperforming | ​ | ​ | Total | ​ | CRE | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pass | ​ | $ | 4,104,394 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 4,104,394 | ​ | 97 | % | ​ | $ | 4,181,134 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 4,181,134 | ​ | 97 | %
Special Mention | ​ | ​ | 72,517 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 72,517 | ​ | 2 | % | ​ | ​ | 77,597 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 77,597 | ​ | 2 | %
Substandard | ​ | ​ | 37,488 | ​ | ​ | 18,476 | ​ | ​ | 55,964 | ​ | 1 | % | ​ | ​ | 36,889 | ​ | ​ | 21,956 | ​ | ​ | 58,845 | ​ | 1 | %
Doubtful | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ | 0 | % | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ | 0 | %
​ | ​ | $ | 4,214,399 | ​ | $ | 18,476 | ​ | $ | 4,232,875 | ​ | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 4,295,620 | ​ | $ | 21,956 | ​ | $ | 4,317,576 | ​ | 100 | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
As a percentage of total CRE portfolio | ​ | ​ | 99.56 | % | ​ | 0.44 | % | ​ | 100 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 99.49 | % | ​ | 0.51 | % | ​ | 100 | % | ​ | ​

* Performing = CRE loans accruing and less than 90 days past due. Nonperforming = CRE loans on nonaccrual and accruing CRE loans that are greater than or equal to 90 days past due.

The Company’s construction and land development loan portfolio includes the following:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | As of | ​
​ | September 30, 2024 | ​ | ​ | June 30, 2024 | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2023 | ​ | ​ | September 30, 2023 | ​
​ | Amount | ​ | % | ​ | ​ | Amount | ​ | % | ​ | ​ | Amount | ​ | % | ​ | ​ | Amount | ​ | % | ​
​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
LIHTC construction | $ | 913,841 |  | 73 | % | ​ | $ | 750,894 |  | 69 | % | ​ | $ | 943,101 |  | 66 | % | ​ | $ | 921,359 |  | 66 | %
Construction (commercial) | ​ | 283,990 | ​ | 22 | % | ​ | ​ | 268,435 | ​ | 25 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 405,146 | ​ | 29 | % | ​ | ​ | 389,947 | ​ | 28 | %
Land development | ​ | 48,193 | ​ | 4 | % | ​ | ​ | 52,787 | ​ | 5 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 59,659 | ​ | 4 | % | ​ | ​ | 67,186 | ​ | 5 | %
Construction (residential) | ​ | 10,152 | ​ | 1 | % | ​ | ​ | 10,232 | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 12,619 | ​ | 1 | % | ​ | ​ | 15,562 | ​ | 1 | %
Total construction and land development | $ | 1,256,176 | ​ | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 1,082,348 | ​ | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 1,420,525 | ​ | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 1,394,054 | ​ | 100 | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

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FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

​

The Company's 1-4 family real estate loan portfolio includes the following:

| ● | Certain loans that do not meet the criteria for sale into the secondary market. These are often structured as adjustable rate mortgages with maturities ranging from three to seven years to avoid long-term interest rate risk.

| ● | A limited amount of 15-year, 20-year and 30-year fixed rate residential real estate loans that meet certain credit guidelines.

The remaining 1-4 family real estate loans originated by the Company were sold on the secondary market to avoid the interest rate risk associated with longer term fixed rate loans. Loans originated for this purpose were classified as held for sale and are included in the residential real estate loans above. The Company has not originated any subprime, Alt-A, no documentation, or stated income residential real estate loans throughout its history.

Following is a listing of significant equipment types within the m2 loan and lease portfolio:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | As of September 30, | ​ | ​ | As of June 30, | ​ | ​ | As of December 31, | ​ | ​ | As of September 30, | ​
​ | 2024 | ​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | ​ | 2023 | ​
​ | Amount |  | % |  | ​ | Amount |  | % |  | ​ | Amount |  | % |  | ​ | Amount |  | % |
​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Trucks, Vans and Vocational Vehicles | $ | 81,575 |  | 23 | % | ​ | $ | 85,537 |  | 23 | % | ​ | $ | 70,821 |  | 24 | % | ​ | $ | 77,383 |  | 23 | %
Construction - General | ​ | 25,559 |  | 7 | % | ​ | ​ | 25,591 |  | 7 | % | ​ | ​ | 16,256 |  | 5 | % | ​ | ​ | 18,104 |  | 5 | %
Trailers | ​ | 21,638 |  | 6 | % | ​ | ​ | 23,032 |  | 6 | % | ​ | ​ | 23,186 |  | 8 | % | ​ | ​ | 24,360 |  | 7 | %
Tractor | ​ | 20,353 | ​ | 6 | % | ​ | ​ | 21,280 | ​ | 6 | % | ​ | ​ | 17,740 | ​ | 6 | % | ​ | ​ | 20,822 | ​ | 6 | %
Computer Equipment | ​ | 17,765 | ​ | 5 | % | ​ | ​ | 18,623 | ​ | 5 | % | ​ | ​ | 7,736 | ​ | 3 | % | ​ | ​ | 13,006 | ​ | 4 | %
Manufacturing - General | ​ | 17,490 |  | 5 | % | ​ | ​ | 18,900 |  | 5 | % | ​ | ​ | 17,493 |  | 6 | % | ​ | ​ | 19,424 |  | 6 | %
Freightliners | ​ | 15,478 | ​ | 4 | % | ​ | ​ | 17,891 | ​ | 5 | % | ​ | ​ | 26,433 | ​ | 9 | % | ​ | ​ | 25,081 | ​ | 7 | %
Food Processing Equipment | ​ | 14,829 |  | 4 | % | ​ | ​ | 15,059 |  | 4 | % | ​ | ​ | 14,304 |  | 5 | % | ​ | ​ | 14,164 |  | 4 | %
Marine - Travelifts | ​ | 13,574 |  | 4 | % | ​ | ​ | 14,368 |  | 4 | % | ​ | ​ | 14,653 |  | 5 | % | ​ | ​ | 13,646 |  | 4 | %
Aesthetic Equipment | ​ | 10,598 | ​ | 3 | % | ​ | ​ | 11,486 | ​ | 3 | % | ​ | ​ | 8,311 | ​ | 3 | % | ​ | ​ | 10,235 | ​ | 3 | %
Other * | ​ | 114,401 |  | 32 | % | ​ | ​ | 112,131 |  | 32 | % | ​ | ​ | 83,382 |  | 28 | % | ​ | ​ | 104,816 |  | 31 | %
Total m2 loans and leases | $ | 353,260 |  | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 363,898 |  | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 300,315 |  | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 341,041 |  | 100 | %
​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​

​

* “Other” consists of all other equipment types. None of these had concentrations greater than 3% of total m2 loan and lease portfolio in the most recent period presented.

See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Company's loan and lease portfolio.

ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS/LEASES AND OFF-BALANCE SHEET EXPOSURES

The adequacy of the ACL was determined by management based on numerous factors, including the overall composition of the loan/lease portfolio, types of loans/leases, historical loss experience, loan/lease delinquencies, potential substandard and doubtful credits, economic conditions, collateral positions, government guarantees and other factors that, in management's judgment, deserved evaluation. To ensure that an adequate ACL was maintained, provisions were made based on a number of factors, including the increase in loans/leases and a detailed analysis of the loan/lease portfolio. The loan/lease portfolio is reviewed and analyzed quarterly with specific detailed reviews completed on all credits risk-rated less than “special mention,” as described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, and carrying aggregate exposure in excess of $250 thousand. The adequacy of the allowance is monitored by the credit administration staff and reported to management and the board of directors.

Changes in the ACL for loans/leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are presented as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Nine Months Ended
​ | September 30, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | September 30, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023
​ | (dollars in thousands)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance, beginning | $ | 87,706 | ​ | $ | 85,797 | ​ | $ | 87,200 | ​ | $ | 87,706
Change in ACL for the transfer of loans to LHFS | ​ | (1,812) | ​ | ​ | 175 | ​ | ​ | (4,691) | ​ | ​ | (3,811)
Provision |  | 3,828 | ​ |  | 3,260 | ​ |  | 11,907 | ​ |  | 9,031
Charge-offs |  | (3,871) | ​ |  | (1,816) | ​ |  | (9,182) | ​ |  | (6,038)
Recoveries |  | 470 | ​ |  | 253 | ​ |  | 1,087 | ​ |  | 781
Balance, ending | $ | 86,321 | ​ | $ | 87,669 | ​ | $ | 86,321 | ​ | $ | 87,669
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

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​

Changes in the ACL for OBS exposures for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are presented as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | Nine Months Ended | ​
​ | September 30, 2024 | ​ | September 30, 2023 | ​ | September 30, 2024 | ​ | September 30, 2023 | ​
​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance, beginning | $ | 10,360 | ​ | $ | 6,326 | ​ | $ | 9,529 | ​ | $ | 5,552 | ​
Provisions to expense | ​ | (344) | ​ | ​ | 546 | ​ | ​ | 487 | ​ | ​ | 1,320 | ​
Balance, ending | $ | 10,016 | ​ | $ | 6,872 | ​ | $ | 10,016 | ​ | $ | 6,872 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

The decrease in provision on OBS exposures in the second quarter and the first nine months of 2024 as compared to the same periods of the prior year was driven by a decrease in the balance of unfunded commitments, improvements in credit quality and updates to qualitative CECL model factors. At September 30, 2024, the allowance for OBS exposures was $10.0 million.

​

The Company's levels of criticized and classified loans are reported in the following table:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of | ​ | ​
Internally Assigned Risk Rating * |  | September 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | September 30, 2023 | ​ |
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Special Mention |  | $ | 80,121 |  | $ | 85,096 |  | $ | 125,308 | ​ | $ | 127,202 | ​ | ​
Substandard/Classified loans*** |  | ​ | 70,022 |  | ​ | 80,345 |  | ​ | 70,425 | ​ | ​ | 69,369 | ​ | ​
Doubtful/Classified loans*** |  | ​ | — |  | ​ | — |  | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Criticized Loans ** |  | $ | 150,143 |  | $ | 165,441 |  | $ | 195,733 | ​ | $ | 196,571 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Criticized Loans as a % of Total Loans/Leases | ​ | ​ | 2.20 | % | ​ | 2.41 | % | ​ | 2.99 | % | ​ | 2.98 | % | ​
Classified Loans as a % of Total Loans/Leases | ​ | ​ | 1.03 | % | ​ | 1.17 | % | ​ | 1.08 | % | ​ | 1.05 | % | ​

​

* Amounts above include the government guaranteed portion, if any. For the calculation of ACL, the Company assigns internal risk ratings of Pass (Rating 2) for the government guaranteed portion.

** Criticized loans are defined as loans except for direct financing leases and equipment financing agreements with internally assigned risk ratings of 9, 10, or 11, regardless of performance.

*** Classified loans are defined as loans except for direct financing leases and equipment financing agreements with internally assigned risk ratings of 10 or 11, regardless of performance.

​

Criticized loans and classified loans as a percentage of loans and leases decreased from June 30, 2024 to September 30, 2024 due to certain larger loans which were paid off or upgraded. The Company continues its strong focus on maintaining credit quality in an effort to limit NPLs.

​

The following table summarizes the trend in allowance as a percentage of gross loans/leases and as a percentage of NPLs:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of | ​ | ​
​ |  | September 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | ​ | September 30, 2023 | ​ | ​
ACL for loans/leases / Total loans/leases held for investment |  | 1.30 | % | 1.33 | % | 1.33 | % | ​ | 1.39 | % | ​
ACL for loans/leases / NPLs |  | 248.21 | % | 260.77 | % | 265.54 | % | ​ | 253.61 | % | ​

Although management believes that the ACL at September 30, 2024 was at a level adequate to absorb losses on existing loans/leases, there can be no assurance that such losses will not exceed the estimated amounts or that the Company will not be required to make additional provisions in the future. Unpredictable future events could adversely affect cash flows for both commercial and individual borrowers, which could cause the Company to experience increases in problem assets, delinquencies and losses on loans/leases, and require further increases in the provision for credit losses. Asset quality is a priority for the Company and its subsidiaries. The ability to grow profitably is in part dependent upon the ability to maintain that quality. The Company continually focuses efforts at its subsidiary banks and equipment financing company with the intention to improve the overall quality of the Company's loan/lease portfolio.

See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Company's ACL.

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​

NONPERFORMING ASSETS

The table below presents the amount of NPAs and related ratios:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of September 30, | ​ | As of June 30, | ​ | As of December 31, | ​ | As of September 30, | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2023 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Nonaccrual loans/leases (1) | ​ | $ | 33,480 | ​ | $ | 33,546 | ​ | $ | 32,753 | ​ | $ | 34,568 | ​ | ​
Accruing loans/leases past due 90 days or more | ​ |  | 1,298 | ​ |  | 87 | ​ |  | 86 | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​
Total NPLs | ​ |  | 34,778 | ​ |  | 33,633 | ​ |  | 32,839 | ​ |  | 34,568 | ​ | ​
Other repossessed assets | ​ |  | 542 | ​ |  | 512 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​
OREO | ​ |  | 369 | ​ |  | 369 | ​ |  | 1,347 | ​ |  | 120 | ​ | ​
Total NPAs | ​ | $ | 35,689 | ​ | $ | 34,514 | ​ | $ | 34,186 | ​ | $ | 34,688 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
NPLs to total loans/leases |  |  | 0.51 | % |  | 0.49 | % |  | 0.50 | % | ​ | 0.52 | % | ​
NPAs to total loans/leases plus repossessed property | ​ |  | 0.52 | % |  | 0.50 | % |  | 0.52 | % | ​ | 0.53 | % | ​
NPAs to total assets | ​ |  | 0.39 | % |  | 0.39 | % |  | 0.40 | % | ​ | 0.41 | % | ​
Nonaccrual loans/leases to total loans/leases | ​ | ​ | 0.49 | % | ​ | 0.49 | % | ​ | 0.50 | % | ​ | 0.52 | % | ​
ACL to nonaccrual loans | ​ |  | 257.83 | % |  | 261.45 | % |  | 266.24 | % | ​ | 253.61 | % | ​

​

| (1) | Includes government guaranteed portion of loans, as applicable.

​

NPAs at September 30, 2024 were $35.7 million, an increase of $1.2 million from June 30, 2024, and an increase of $1.0 million from September 30, 2023. The increase in NPAs during the quarter was driven by two client relationships. The ratio of NPAs to total assets was 0.39% at September 30, 2024, static to June 30, 2024, and a decrease from 0.41% at September 30, 2023.

The majority of the NPAs consist of nonaccrual loans/leases. For nonaccrual loans/leases, management has thoroughly reviewed these loans/leases and has provided specific allowances as appropriate.

OREO and other repossessed assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.

The policy of the Company is to place a loan/lease on nonaccrual status if: (a) payment in full of interest or principal is not expected; or (b) principal or interest has been in default for a period of 90 days or more unless the obligation is both in the process of collection and well secured. A loan/lease is well secured if it is secured by collateral with sufficient market value to repay principal and all accrued interest. A debt is in the process of collection if collection of the debt is proceeding in due course either through legal action, including judgment enforcement procedures, or in appropriate circumstances, through collection efforts not involving legal action which are reasonably expected to result in repayment of the debt or in its restoration to current status.

The Company's lending/leasing practices remain unchanged and asset quality remains a priority for management.

​

​

​

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – continued

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DEPOSITS

Deposits increased by $220.0 million during the third quarter of 2024, primarily due to increases in interest-bearing demand deposits and time deposits from both core client and brokered sources.

The table below presents the composition of the Company's deposit portfolio:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of |  | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, 2024 |  | ​ | June 30, 2024 |  | ​ | December 31, 2023 |  | ​ | September 30, 2023 |  | ​
​ |  | Amount |  | % |  | ​ | Amount |  | % |  | ​ | Amount |  | % |  | ​ | Amount |  | % | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) |  | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Noninterest bearing demand deposits | ​ | $ | 969,348 |  | 14 | % | ​ | $ | 956,445 |  | 14 | % | ​ | $ | 1,038,689 |  | 16 | % | ​ | $ | 1,027,791 |  | 16 | % | ​
Interest bearing demand deposits | ​ |  | 4,715,087 |  | 68 | % | ​ |  | 4,644,918 |  | 69 | % | ​ |  | 4,338,390 |  | 67 | % | ​ |  | 4,416,725 |  | 68 | % | ​
Time deposits | ​ |  | 942,847 |  | 13 | % | ​ |  | 859,593 |  | 13 | % | ​ |  | 851,950 |  | 13 | % | ​ |  | 788,692 |  | 12 | % | ​
Brokered deposits | ​ |  | 357,351 |  | 5 | % | ​ |  | 303,711 |  | 4 | % | ​ |  | 284,976 |  | 4 | % | ​ |  | 261,644 |  | 4 | % | ​
​ | ​ | $ | 6,984,633 |  | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 6,764,667 |  | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 6,514,005 |  | 100 | % | ​ | $ | 6,494,852 |  | 100 | % | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

The Company actively participates in the ICS/CDARS program, which is a trusted resource that provides FDIC insurance coverage for clients that maintain larger deposit balances. Deposits in the ICS/CDARS program (which are included in interest-bearing deposits and time deposits in the preceding table) totaled $2.2 billion, or 31.6% of all deposits, as of September 30, 2024.

The Company’s correspondent bank deposit portfolio and funds managed consists of the following:

| ● | Noninterest-bearing deposits which represent correspondent banks’ operating cash used for processing transactions with the Federal Reserve,

| ● | Money market deposits which represent excess liquidity, and

| ● | EBA balances of the correspondent banks at the FRB.

​

The Company had total uninsured and uncollateralized deposits of $1.5 billion and $1.3 billion as of September 30, 2024 and 2023, or 21% and 20% of total deposits, respectively.

Management will continue to focus on growing its core deposit portfolio, including its correspondent banking business at QCBT, as well as shifting the mix from brokered and other higher cost deposits to lower cost core deposits. With the significant success achieved by QCBT in growing its correspondent banking business, QCBT has developed procedures to proactively monitor this industry concentration of deposits and loans. Other deposit-related industry concentrations and large accounts are monitored by the internal asset liability management committees.

BORROWINGS

The subsidiary banks purchase federal funds for short-term funding needs from the FRB or from their correspondent banks. The table below presents the composition of the Company's short-term borrowings:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of | ​
​ |  | September 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2024 | ​ | December 31, 2023 |  | September 30, 2023 |
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Federal funds purchased | ​ | $ | 2,750 | ​ | $ | 1,600 | ​ | $ | 1,500 | ​ | $ | 470 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

The Company's federal funds purchased fluctuate based on the short-term funding needs of the Company's subsidiary banks.

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As a result of their memberships in the FHLB of Des Moines, the subsidiary banks have the ability to borrow funds for short or long-term purposes under a variety of programs. The subsidiary banks can utilize FHLB advances for loan matching as a hedge against the possibility of changing interest rates and when these advances provide a less costly or more readily available source of funds than customer deposits.

The table below presents the Company's FHLB advances as of the periods indicated:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of
​ |  | September 30, 2024 | ​ | June 30, 2024 | ​ | December 31, 2023 |  | September 30, 2023
​ |  | (dollars in thousands)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Term FHLB advances |  | $ | 145,383 | ​ | $ | 135,000 | ​ | $ | 135,000 |  | $ | 135,000
Overnight FHLB advances | ​ | ​ | 230,000 | ​ | ​ | 350,000 | ​ | ​ | 300,000 |  | ​ | 295,000
​ | ​ | $ | 375,383 | ​ | $ | 485,000 | ​ | $ | 435,000 |  | $ | 430,000
​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

The Company had an increase of $10.4 million in term FHLB advances from June 30, 2024 to September 30, 2024. The Company had a decrease in overnight FHLB advances of $120.0 million from June 30, 2024 to September 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily due to strong deposit growth resulting in lower funding needs during the third quarter of 2024.

It is management's intention to reduce its reliance on wholesale funding, including FHLB advances and brokered deposits. Replacement of this funding with core deposits helps to reduce interest expense as wholesale funding tends to be higher cost. However, the Company may choose to utilize advances and/or brokered deposits to supplement funding needs, as this is a way for the Company to effectively and efficiently manage interest rate risk.

The table below presents the maturity schedule including weighted average interest cost for the Company's combined wholesale funding portfolio (defined as FHLB advances and brokered deposits):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, 2024 | ​ | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2023 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Weighted | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Weighted | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Average | ​
Maturity: |  | Amount Due |  | Interest Rate |  | ​ | ​ | Amount Due |  | Interest Rate |
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands)
Year ending December 31: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
2024 | ​ | $ | 315,067 | ​ | 5.08 | % | ​ | ​ | $ | 584,976 | ​ | 5.45 | %
2025 | ​ |  | 112,464 | ​ | 4.58 | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | — | ​ | — | ​
2026 | ​ | ​ | 53,236 | ​ | 4.91 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 45,000 | ​ | 5.01 | ​
2027 | ​ | ​ | 87,352 | ​ | 4.45 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 45,000 | ​ | 4.82 | ​
2028 | ​ |  | 97,628 | ​ | 4.29 | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 45,000 | ​ | 4.64 | ​
Thereafter | ​ | ​ | 66,987 | ​ | 3.30 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​
Total Wholesale Funding |  | $ | 732,734 | ​ | 4.65 | % | ​ | ​ | $ | 719,976 | ​ | 5.33 | %
​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

During the first nine months of 2024, wholesale funding increased $12.8 million due to funding needs as a result of strong loan growth.

The Company renewed its revolving credit note in the second quarter of 2024. At renewal, the available amount under the line of credit remained unchanged at $50.0 million for which there was no outstanding balance as of September 30, 2024. Interest on the revolving line of credit is calculated at the greater of: (a) the effective Prime Rate less 0.50% or (b) 3.00% per annum. The collateral on the revolving line of credit is 100% of the outstanding stock of the Company’s bank subsidiaries.

The Company had subordinated notes totaling $233.4 million and $233.0 million as of September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

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​

The Company had junior subordinated debentures totaling $48.8 million and $48.7 million as of September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

The table below presents the composition of the Company's stockholders' equity:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of |  | ​
​ |  | September 30, 2024 |  | June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | ​ | September 30, 2023 |  | ​
​ | ​ | (dollars in thousands) |  | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Common stock | ​ | $ | 16,861 | ​ | $ | 16,825 | ​ | $ | 16,749 | ​ | ​ | $ | 16,732 | ​ | ​
Additional paid in capital | ​ |  | 373,812 | ​ |  | 372,378 | ​ |  | 370,814 | ​ | ​ |  | 369,833 | ​ | ​
Retained earnings | ​ |  | 635,589 | ​ |  | 608,816 | ​ |  | 554,992 | ​ | ​ |  | 523,142 | ​ | ​
AOCI | ​ |  | (49,642) | ​ |  | (61,700) | ​ |  | (55,959) | ​ | ​ |  | (81,324) | ​ | ​
Total stockholders' equity | ​ | $ | 976,620 | ​ | $ | 936,319 | ​ | $ | 886,596 | ​ | ​ | $ | 828,383 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
TCE / TA ratio (non-GAAP)* | ​ |  | 9.24 | % |  | 9.00 | % |  | 8.75 | % | ​ |  | 8.05 | % | ​

​

* TCE/TA ratio is defined as total common stockholders' equity excluding goodwill and other intangibles divided by total assets. This ratio is a non-GAAP financial measure. See GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliations.

As of September 30, 2024 and 2023, no preferred stock was outstanding.

On May 19, 2022, the board of directors of the Company approved a share repurchase program under which the Company is authorized to repurchase, from time to time as the Company deems appropriate, up to 1,500,000 shares of its outstanding common stock, or approximately 10% of the outstanding shares as of December 31, 2021. No shares were repurchased during the first nine months of 2024. There were 760,915 shares of common stock remaining for repurchase as of September 30, 2024. The stock repurchase program does not obligate the Company to repurchase any shares of its common stock, and other than repurchases that have been completed to date, there is no assurance that the Company will do so. Under the stock repurchase program, the Company may repurchase shares of common stock from time to time in open market or privately negotiated transactions. The number, timing and price of shares repurchased will depend on a number of factors, including business and market conditions, regulatory requirements, availability of funds, and other factors, including opportunities to deploy the Company's capital. The Company may, in its discretion, begin, suspend or terminate repurchases at any time prior to the program’s expiration, without any prior notice.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity measures the ability of the Company to meet maturing obligations and its existing commitments, to withstand fluctuations in deposit levels, to fund its operations, and to provide for customer credit needs. The Company monitors liquidity risk through contingency planning stress testing on a regular basis. The Company seeks to avoid an over-concentration of funding sources and to establish and maintain contingent funding facilities that can be drawn upon if normal funding sources become unavailable. One source of liquidity is cash and short-term assets, such as interest-bearing deposits in other banks and federal funds sold, which totaled $263.0 million and $184.9 million at September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company’s on-balance sheet liquidity position can fluctuate based on short-term activity in deposits and loans.

The subsidiary banks have a variety of sources of short-term liquidity available to them, including federal funds purchased from correspondent banks, FHLB advances, wholesale structured repurchase agreements, brokered deposits, lines of credit, borrowing at the Federal Reserve Discount Window, sales of securities AFS, and loan/lease participations or sales. The Company also generates liquidity from the regular principal payments and prepayments made on its loan/lease portfolio and on the regular monthly payments on its securities portfolio.

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At September 30, 2024, the subsidiary banks had 26 lines of credit totaling $867.4 million with upstream correspondent banks, of which $416.6 million was secured and $450.8 million was unsecured. At September 30, 2024, the Company had the full $867.4 million available.

At December 31, 2023, the subsidiary banks had 25 lines of credit totaling $699.3 million with upstream correspondent banks, of which $248.5 million was secured and $470.8 million was unsecured. At December 31, 2023, $699.3 million was available.

The Company has emphasized growing the number and amount of lines of credit in an effort to strengthen this contingent source of liquidity. Additionally, the Company maintains a $50.0 million secured revolving credit note with a variable interest rate and a maturity of June 30, 2025. At September 30, 2024, the full $50.0 million was available.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had $823.9 million in actual correspondent banking deposits spread over 188 relationships. While the Company believes that these funds are relatively stable, there is the potential for large fluctuations that can impact liquidity. Seasonality and the liquidity needs of these correspondent banks can impact balances. Management closely monitors these fluctuations and runs stress scenarios to measure the impact on liquidity and interest rate risk with various levels of correspondent deposit run-off.

Investing activities used cash of $670.0 million during the first nine months of 2024, compared to $426.5 million for the same period of 2023. The net decrease in federal funds sold was $22.3 million for the first nine months of 2024, compared to a net decrease of $36.6 million for the same period of 2023. The net increase in interest-bearing deposits at financial institutions was $41.0 million for the first nine months of 2024, compared to a net decrease of $7.0 million for the same period of 2023. Proceeds from calls, maturities, and paydowns of securities were $48.8 million for the first nine months of 2024, compared to $87.7 million for the same period of 2023. Purchases of securities used cash of $148.1 million for the first nine months of 2024, compared to $102.7 million for the same period of 2023. Proceeds from sales of securities were $445 thousand for the first nine months of 2024, compared to $30.6 million for the same period of 2023. The net increase in loans/leases used cash of $525.3 million for the first nine months of 2024 compared to a net increase in loans of $479.8 million for the same period of 2023.

Financing activities provided cash of $409.5 million for the first nine months of 2024, compared to $385.7 million for same period of 2023. Net increases in deposits totaled $470.6 million for the first nine months of 2024, compared to net increases in deposits of $510.6 million for the same period of 2023. During the first nine months of 2024, the Company's short-term borrowings increased $1.3 million, compared to a decrease in short-term borrowings of $129.2 million for the same period of 2023. Long-term FHLB advances during the first nine months of 2024 totaled $10.4 million compared to $135.0 million for the same period of 2023. There were no maturities and principal payments on FHLB term advances in the first nine months of 2024 and 2023. Net decrease in overnight advances totaled $70.0 million for the first nine months of 2024 as compared to net decrease of $120.0 million for the same period of 2023. There were no repurchase and cancellation of shares in the first nine months of 2024, as compared to $8.7 million for the same period of 2023.

Total cash provided by operating activities was $267.2 million for the first nine months of 2024, compared to $85.3 million for the same period of 2023.

Throughout its history, the Company has secured additional capital through various sources, including the issuance of common and preferred stock, as well as trust preferred securities and subordinated notes.

The Company had one LIHTC securitization that closed in 2024 and two LIHTC securitizations that closed in 2023. LIHTC securitizations may continue to be an ongoing tool in managing liquidity and capital.

As of September 30 2024 and December 31, 2023, the subsidiary banks remained “well-capitalized” in accordance with regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking authorities. Refer to Note 10 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding regulatory capital.

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SPECIAL NOTE CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This document (including information incorporated by reference) contains, and future oral and written statements of the Company and its management may contain, forward-looking statements, within the meaning of such term in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, with respect to the financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business of the Company. Forward-looking statements, which may be based upon beliefs, expectations and assumptions of the Company's management and on information currently available to management, are generally identifiable by the use of words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “bode,” “predict,” “suggest,” “project,” “appear,” “plan,” “intend,” “estimate,” “annualize,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “likely,” “might,” “potential,” “continue,” “annualized,” “target,” “outlook,” as well as the negative forms of those words or other similar expressions. Additionally, all statements in this document, including forward-looking statements, speak only as of the date they are made, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update any statement in light of new information or future events.

The Company's ability to predict results or the actual effect of future plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. Factors that could have a material adverse effect on the operations and future prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries include, but are not limited to, the following:

| ● | The strength of the local, state, national and international economies (including effects of inflationary pressures and supply chain constraints).

| ● | The economic impact of any future terrorist threats and attacks, widespread disease or pandemics, acts of war or other threats thereof (including the ongoing conflict in the Middle East and the Russian invasion of Ukraine) or other adverse external events that could cause economic deterioration or instability in credit markets, and the response of the local, state and national governments to any such adverse external events.

| ● | Changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by state and federal regulatory agencies, the FASB or the PCAOB.

| ● | Changes in local, state and federal laws, regulations and governmental policies concerning the Company’s general business, including as a result of the upcoming 2024 presidential election or any changes in response to failures of other banks.

| ● | Increased competition in the financial services sector, including from non-bank competitors such as credit unions and “fintech” companies, and the inability to attract new customers.

| ● | Changes in technology and the ability to develop and maintain secure and reliable electronic systems.

| ● | Unexpected results of acquisitions which may include failure to realize the anticipated benefits of acquisitions and the possibility that transaction costs may be greater than anticipated.

| ● | The loss of key executives or employees.

| ● | Changes in consumer spending.

| ● | Unexpected outcomes of existing or new litigation involving the Company.

| ● | The economic impact of exceptional weather occurrences such as tornadoes, floods and blizzards.

| ● | Fluctuations in the value of securities held in our securities portfolio.

| ● | Concentrations within our loan portfolio, large loans to certain borrowers (including CRE loans), and large deposits from certain clients.

| ● | The concentration of large deposits from certain clients who have balances above current FDIC insurance limits and may withdraw deposits to diversify their exposure.

| ● | The level of non-performing assets on our balance sheets.

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| ● | Interruptions involving our information technology and communications systems or third-party servicers.

| ● | Breaches or failures of our information security controls or cybersecurity-related incidents.

| ● | Changes in the interest rates and prepayment rates of the Company’s assets.

| ● | The ability of the Company to manage the risks associated with the foregoing as well as anticipated.

These risks and uncertainties should be considered in evaluating forward-looking statements and undue reliance should not be placed on such statements. For a discussion of the factors that could have a material adverse effect on the operations and future prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries, see the “Risk Factors” section included under Item 1A of Part I of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

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Item 3

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The Company, like other financial institutions, is subject to direct and indirect market risk. Direct market risk exists from changes in interest rates. The Company's net income is dependent on its net interest income. Net interest income is susceptible to interest rate risk to the degree that interest-bearing liabilities mature or reprice on a different basis than interest-earning assets. When interest-bearing liabilities mature or reprice more quickly than interest-earning assets in a given period, a significant increase in market rates of interest could adversely affect net interest income. Similarly, when interest-earning assets mature or reprice more quickly than interest-bearing liabilities, falling interest rates could result in a decrease in net interest income.

In an attempt to manage the Company's exposure to changes in interest rates, management monitors the Company's interest rate risk. Each subsidiary bank has an asset/liability management committee of the board of directors that meets quarterly to review the bank's interest rate risk position and profitability, and to make or recommend adjustments for consideration by the full board of each bank.

Internal asset/liability management teams, consisting of members of the subsidiary banks’ management, meet bi-weekly to manage the mix of assets and liabilities to maximize earnings and liquidity and minimize interest rate and other risks. Management also reviews the subsidiary banks' securities portfolios, formulates investment strategies, and oversees the timing and implementation of transactions to assure attainment of the board's objectives in an effective manner. Notwithstanding the Company's interest rate risk management activities, the potential for changing interest rates is an uncertainty that can have an adverse effect on net income.

In adjusting the Company's asset/liability position, the board of directors and management attempt to manage the Company's interest rate risk while maintaining or enhancing net interest margins. At times, depending on the level of general interest rates, the relationship between long-term and short-term interest rates, market conditions and competitive factors, the board of directors and management may decide to increase the Company's interest rate risk position somewhat in order to increase its net interest margin. The Company's results of operations and net portfolio values remain vulnerable to increases in interest rates and to fluctuations in the difference between long-term and short-term interest rates.

One method used to quantify interest rate risk is a short-term earnings at risk summary, which is a detailed and dynamic simulation model used to quantify the estimated exposure of net interest income to sustained interest rate changes. This simulation model captures the impact of changing interest rates on the interest income received and interest expense paid on all interest sensitive assets and liabilities reflected on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. This sensitivity analysis demonstrates net interest income exposure annually over a five-year horizon, assuming no balance sheet growth, no balance sheet mix change, and various interest rate scenarios including no change in rates; 100, 200, 300, and 400 basis point upward and downward shifts; where interest-bearing assets and liabilities reprice at their earliest possible repricing date.

The model assumes parallel and pro rata shifts in interest rates over a twelve-month period for the 100, 200 and 300 basis point upward and downward shifts. For the 400 basis point upward shift, the model assumes a parallel and pro rata shift in interest rates over a twenty-four month period.

Further, in recent years, the Company added additional interest rate scenarios where interest rates experience a parallel and instantaneous shift (a “shock”) upward and downward of 100, 200, 300, and 400 basis points. The Company will run additional interest rate scenarios on an as-needed basis.

The asset/liability management committees of the subsidiary bank boards of directors have established policy limits of a 10% decline in net interest income for the 200-basis point upward and downward parallel shift. For the 300 basis point upward and downward shock, the established policy limit is a 30% decline in net interest income. The increased policy limit is appropriate as the shock scenario is extreme and unlikely and warrants a higher limit than the more realistic and traditional parallel/pro-rata shift scenarios.

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Application of the simulation model analysis for select interest rate scenarios at the most recent quarter-end available is presented in the following table:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | NET INTEREST INCOME EXPOSURE in YEAR 1
​ |  | ​ |  | As of September 30, |  | As of December 31, |
INTEREST RATE SCENARIO | ​ | POLICY LIMIT |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
300 basis point downward parallel shock | ​ | (30.0) | % | 3.0 | % | 2.1 | %
200 basis point downward parallel shift | ​ | (10.0) | % | 1.7 | % | 1.4 | %
200 basis point upward parallel shift |  | (10.0) | % | (2.6) | % | (2.3) | %
300 basis point upward parallel shock |  | (30.0) | % | (7.9) | % | (8.0) | %

With the shift in funding from non-interest bearing and lower beta deposits to higher beta deposits, the Company’s balance sheet is now moderately liability sensitive. Notably, management is conservative with the repricing assumptions on loans and deposits. For example, management does not model any delay in loan and deposit betas despite historical experience and practice of delays in deposit betas. Additionally, management does not model mix shift or growth in its standard scenarios which can be impactful. As an alternative, management runs separate scenarios to capture the impact on delayed beta performance and various shifts in mix of loans and deposits. Finally, management models a variety of scenarios including some that stress key assumptions to help capture and isolate the impact of the management’s more conservative approach to the assumptions in the base model.

The simulation is within the board-established policy limits for all four scenarios. Additionally, for all of the various interest rate scenarios modeled and measured by management (as described above), the results at September 30, 2024 were within established risk tolerances as established by policy or by best practice (if the interest rate scenario didn't have a specific policy limit).

Interest rate risk is considered to be one of the most significant market risks affecting the Company. For that reason, the Company engages the assistance of a national consulting firm and its risk management system to monitor and control the Company's interest rate risk exposure. Other types of market risk, such as foreign currency exchange rate risk and commodity price risk, do not arise in the normal course of the Company's business activities.

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Item 4

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act of 1934) as of September 30, 2024. Based on that evaluation, the Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of the end of the period covered by this report, to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports filed and submitted under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There have been no significant changes to the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1 Legal Proceedings

There are no material pending legal proceedings to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to their respective businesses.

Item 1A Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in the risk factors applicable to the Company from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Please refer to that section of the Company’s Form 10-K for disclosures regarding the risks and uncertainties related to the Company’s business.

Item 2 Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

On May 19, 2022, the board of directors of the Company approved a share repurchase program under which the Company is authorized to repurchase, from time to time as the Company deems appropriate, up to 1,500,000 shares of its outstanding common stock, or approximately 10% of the outstanding shares as of December 31, 2021. The repurchase program does not have an expiration date. There were no shares repurchased under the share repurchase program during the third quarter of 2024.

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Item 3 Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4 Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5 Other Information

During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024, none of the Company’s directors or executive officers adopted or terminated a contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule10b5-1(c) or any non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 6 Exhibits

​ | ​
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a).
​ | ​
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a).
​ | ​
32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
​ | ​
32.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
​ | ​
101 | Inline XBRL Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023; and (vi) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. ​
104 | Inline XBRL cover page interactive data file pursuant to Rule 406 of Regulation S-T for the interactive data files referenced in Exhibit 101.
​ | ​

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

QCR HOLDINGS, INC.

(Registrant)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​
Date | November 8, 2024 | ​ | /s/ Larry J. Helling
​ | ​ | Larry J. Helling
​ | ​ | Chief Executive Officer
​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​
Date | November 8, 2024 | ​ | /s/ Todd A. Gipple
​ | ​ | Todd A. Gipple
​ | ​ | President
​ | ​ | Chief Financial Officer
​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​
Date | November 8, 2024 | ​ | /s/ Nick W. Anderson
​ | ​ | Nick W. Anderson
​ | ​ | Chief Accounting Officer
​ | ​ | (Principal Accounting Officer)

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