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Mandatorily Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Mandatorily Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest [Abstract] |
Mandatorily Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest |
5. | Mandatorily Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest
Prior to the second quarter of 2017, when the Company acquired a majority interest (the “Acquisition”) in a physical therapy clinic business (referred to as “Therapy Practice”), these Acquisitions occurred in a series of steps which are described below.
| 1. | Prior to the Acquisition, the Therapy Practice exists as a separate legal entity (the “Seller Entity”). The Seller Entity is owned by one or more individuals (the “Selling Shareholders”) most of whom are physical therapists that work in the Therapy Practice and provide physical therapy services to patients.
| 2. | In conjunction with the Acquisition, the Seller Entity contributes the Therapy Practice into a newly-formed limited partnership (“NewCo”), in exchange for one hundred percent (100%) of the limited and general partnership interests in NewCo. Therefore, in this step, NewCo becomes a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Seller Entity.
| 3. | The Company enters into an agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) to acquire from the Seller Entity a majority (ranges from 50% to 90%) of the limited partnership interest and in all cases 100% of the general partnership interest in NewCo. The Company does not purchase 100% of the limited partnership interest because the Selling Shareholders, through the Seller Entity, want to maintain an ownership percentage. The consideration for the Acquisition is primarily payable in the form of cash at closing and a small two-year note in lieu of an escrow (the “Purchase Price”). The Purchase Agreement does not contain any future earn-out or other contingent consideration that is payable to the Seller Entity or the Selling Shareholders.
| 4. | The Company and the Seller Entity also execute a partnership agreement (the “Partnership Agreement”) for NewCo that sets forth the rights and obligations of the limited and general partners of NewCo. After the Acquisition, the Company is the general partner of NewCo.
| 5. | As noted above, the Company does not purchase 100% of the limited partnership interests in NewCo and the Seller Entity retains a portion of the limited partnership interest in NewCo (“Seller Entity Interest”).
| 6. | In most cases, some or all of the Selling Shareholders enter into an employment agreement (the “Employment Agreement”) with NewCo with an initial term that ranges from three to five years (the “Employment Term”), with automatic one-year renewals, unless employment is terminated prior to the end of the Employment Term. As a result, a Selling Shareholder becomes an employee (“Employed Selling Shareholder”) of NewCo. The employment of an Employed Selling Shareholder can be terminated by the Employed Selling Shareholder or NewCo, with or without cause, at any time. In a few situations, a Selling Shareholder does not become employed by NewCo and is not involved with NewCo following the closing; in those situations, such Selling Shareholders sell their entire ownership interest in the Seller Entity as of the closing of the Acquisition.
| 7. | The compensation of each Employed Selling Shareholder is specified in the Employment Agreement and is customary and commensurate with his or her responsibilities based on other employees in similar capacities within NewCo, the Company and the industry.
| 8. | The Company and the Selling Shareholder (including both Employed Selling Shareholders and Selling Shareholders not employed by NewCo) execute a non-compete agreement (the “Non-Compete Agreement”) which restricts the Selling Shareholder from engaging in competing business activities for a specified period of time (the “Non-Compete Term”). A Non-Compete Agreement is executed with the Selling Shareholders in all cases. That is, even if the Selling Shareholder does not become an Employed Selling Shareholder, the Selling Shareholder is restricted from engaging in a competing business during the Non-Compete Term.
| 9. | The Non-Compete Term commences as of the date of the Acquisition and expires on the later of :
| a. | Two years after the date an Employed Selling Shareholders’ employment is terminated (if the Selling Shareholder becomes an Employed Selling Shareholder) or
| b. | Five to six years from the date of the Acquisition, as defined in the Non-Compete Agreement, regardless of whether the Selling Shareholder is employed by NewCo.
| 10. | The Non-Compete Agreement applies to a restricted region which is defined as a 15-mile radius from the Therapy Practice. That is, an Employed Selling Shareholder is permitted to engage in competing businesses or activities outside the 15-mile radius (after such Employed Selling Shareholder no longer is employed by NewCo) and a Selling Shareholder who is not employed by NewCo immediately is permitted to engage in the competing business or activities outside the 15-mile radius.
| 11. | The Partnership Agreement contains provisions for the redemption of the Seller Entity Interest, either at the option of the Company (the “Call Option”) or on a required basis (the “Required Redemption”):
| a. | Required Redemption
| i. | Once the Required Redemption is triggered, the Company is obligated to purchase from the Seller Entity and the Seller Entity is obligated to sell to the Company, the allocable portion of the Seller Entity Interest based on the terminated Selling Shareholder’s pro rata ownership interest in the Seller Entity (the “Allocable Portion”). Required Redemption is triggered when both of the following events have occurred:
| 1. | Termination of an Employed Selling Shareholder’s employment with NewCo, regardless of the reason for such termination, and
| 2. | The expiration of an agreed upon period of time, typically three to five years, as set forth in the relevant Partnership Agreement (the “Holding Period”).
| ii. | In the event an Employed Selling Shareholder’s employment terminates prior to the expiration of the Holding Period, the Required Redemption would occur only upon expiration of the Holding Period.
| b. | Call Option
| i. | In the event that an Employed Selling Shareholder’s employment terminates prior to expiration of the Holding Period, the Company has the contractual right, but not the obligation, to acquire the Employed Selling Shareholder’s Allocable Portion of the Seller Entity Interest from the Seller Entity through exercise of the Call Option.
| c. | For the Required Redemption and the Call Option, the purchase price is derived from a formula based on a specified multiple of NewCo’s trailing twelve months of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, and the Company’s internal management fee, plus an Allocable Portion of any undistributed earnings of NewCo (the “Redemption Amount”). NewCo’s earnings are distributed monthly based on available cash within NewCo; therefore the undistributed earnings amount is small, if any.
| d. | The Purchase Price for the initial equity interest purchased by the Company is also based on the same specified multiple of the trailing twelve-month earnings that is used in the Required Redemption noted above.
| e. | Although, the Required Redemption and the Call Option do not have an expiration date, the Seller Entity Interest eventually will be purchased by the Company.
| f. | The Required Redemption and the Call Option never apply to Selling Shareholders who do not become employed by NewCo, since the Company requires that such Selling Shareholders sell their entire ownership interest in the Seller Entity at the closing of the Acquisition.
| 12. | An Employed Selling Shareholder’s ownership of his or her equity interest in the Seller Entity predates the Acquisition and the Company’s purchase of its partnership interest in NewCo. The Employment Agreement and the Non-Compete Agreement do not contain any provision to escrow or “claw back” the equity interest in the Seller Entity held by such Employed Selling Shareholder, nor the Seller Entity Interest in NewCo, in the event of a breach of the employment or non-compete terms. More specifically, even if the Employed Selling Shareholder is terminated for “cause” by NewCo, such Employed Selling Shareholder does not forfeit his or her right to his or her full equity interest in the Seller Entity and the Seller Entity does not forfeit its right to any portion of the Seller Entity Interest. The Company’s only recourse against the Employed Selling Shareholder for breach of either the Employment Agreement or the Non-Compete Agreement is to seek damages and other legal remedies under such agreements. There are no conditions in any of the arrangements with an Employed Selling Shareholder that would result in a forfeiture of the equity interest held in the Seller Entity or of the Seller Entity Interest.
As previously mentioned due to amended partnership agreements, the redemption values of the mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interest (previously classified as liabilities) were reclassified as redeemable non-controlling interest (temporary equity) at fair value on the December 31, 2017 consolidated balance sheet. The following table details the changes in the carrying amount of the mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests (in thousands):
|  | Year Ended December 31, 2017 |  |  | Year Ended December 31, 2016 |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 69,190 |  |  | $ | 45,974 |
Operating results allocated to mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interest partners |  |  | 6,055 |  |  |  | 4,057 |
Distributions to mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interest partners |  |  | (7,336 | ) |  |  | (4,628 | )
Changes in the redemption value of mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interest |  |  | 12,894 |  |  |  | 6,169 |
Payments for settlement of mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interest |  |  | (2,361 | ) |  |  | (1,262 | )
Purchases of businesses - initial liability related to mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interest |  |  | 10,282 |  |  |  | 18,880 |
Other |  |  | 119 |  |  |  | - |
Extinguishment of mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interest |  |  | (88,516 | ) |  |  | - |
Ending balance |  | $ | 327 |  |  | $ | 69,190 |
The following table categorizes the carrying amount of the mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests (in thousands):
|  | December 31, 2017 |  |  | December 31, 2016 |
Contractual time period has lapsed but holder's employment has not been terminated |  | $ | 327 |  |  | $ | 24,700 |
Contractual time period has not lapsed and holder's employment has not been terminated |  |  | - |  |  |  | 46,949 |
Holder's employment has terminated and contractual time period has expired |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Holder's employment has terminated and contractual time period has not expired |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Redemption value prior to excess distributed earnings |  | $ | 327 |  |  | $ | 71,649 |
Excess distributions over earnings and losses |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,459 | )
|  | $ | 327 |  |  | $ | 69,190 |

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